PCP Working Group                                           M. Boucadair
Internet-Draft                                            France Telecom
Intended status: Informational                         December 02, 2013
Expires: June 5, 2014


                         PCP Deployment Models
                draft-boucadair-pcp-deployment-cases-01

Abstract

   This document lists a set of PCP deployment models.

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on June 5, 2014.

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   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of



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   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   3.  Single Homed CPE Model: Local PCP Server  . . . . . . . . . .   2
   4.  Single Homed CPE Model: Multiple PCP Servers  . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Hide PCP Servers Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.1.  PCP Proxy Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.2.  HTTP-Triggered PCP Client Model . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Separated PCP Server & PCP-controlled Device Model  . . . . .   6
   7.  Cascaded PCP-controlled Nodes Model . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     7.1.  Single Homed CPE Model: PCP Proxy Model . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.2.  UPnP IGD-PCP Interworking Model . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   8.  Multi-Homed CPE Model: One Single PCP Server  . . . . . . . .   9
   9.  Multi-Homed CPE Model: Multiple PCP Servers . . . . . . . . .  10
   10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   12. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   13. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     13.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
     13.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
   Author's Address  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11

1.  Introduction

   This document lists a set of PCP [RFC6887] deployment models.

2.  Terminology

   This document makes use of the following terms:

   o  PCP server denotes a functional element that receives and
      processes PCP requests from a PCP client.  A PCP server can be co-
      located with or be separated from the function (e.g., NAT,
      Firewall) it controls.  Refer to [RFC6887].
   o  PCP client denotes a PCP software instance responsible for issuing
      PCP requests to a PCP server.  Refer to [RFC6887].

3.  Single Homed CPE Model: Local PCP Server

   This model assumes PCP is enabled in the LAN side to control
   functions located in the CPE.  The PCP server is reachable with the
   IP address of the private-faced interface.





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      +-------------+
      |    PCP      |
      |   Client    |----+                           ,-----------.
      +-------------+    |   +------------+        ,'             `--.
                         +---|    CPE     |        /                   :
                             | PCP server |_______;        ISP         |
                         +---| NAT+FW+..  |       :                    |
      +-------------+    |   +------------+        \                   |
      |    PCP      |----+                          -------------------.
      |   Client    |
      +-------------+


4.  Single Homed CPE Model: Multiple PCP Servers

   This model assumes a customer site is connected to the same ISP's
   network.  One or multiple PCP servers are deployed in the ISP's
   domain; each of them manage distinct set of functions.  In the
   example shown in the following figure:

   o  NAT64 device are used to interwork with IPv4-only devices.

   o  NPTv6 function is used for engineering motivation internal to the
      ISP.

      +-------------+
      |    PCP      |
      |   Client    |----+                            ,-----------.
      +-------------+    |   +------------+         ,'    ISP     `--.
                         +---|    CPE     |         /                :
                             |            |________;    NAT64        |
                         +---|            |        :                 |
      +-------------+    |   +------------+         \        NPTv6   |
      |    PCP      |----+                           ----------------.
      |   Client    |
      +-------------+


   The use of NAT64 and NPTv6 is for illustration purposes; other
   functions can be enabled.

   PCP clients located behind the CPE, must discover both the external
   IPv4 address and port numbers assigned by the NAT64 and the external
   IPv6 address assigned by the NPTv6.  These external addresses are
   used for example in referrals to indicate to remote peers both the
   IPv4 address and IPv6 address to reach an internal server deployed in
   an IPv6-only domain.




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   The use of a PCP anycast address ([I-D.ietf-pcp-anycast]) is not
   recommended for this deployment case because two state entries must
   be created in both NAT64 and NPTv6.  Explicit means such as
   [I-D.ietf-pcp-dhcp] must be used instead to provision IP addresses of
   available PCP servers.

   [I-D.ietf-pcp-dhcp] may be used to provision the IP addresses of
   these PCP servers, or the CPE must embed a PCP proxy function that
   must follow [I-D.ietf-pcp-server-selection] to contact all PCP
   servers.

5.  Hide PCP Servers Model

5.1.  PCP Proxy Model

   In order to hide PCP servers deployed within an administrative
   domain, an administrative entity may decide to deploy in front of PCP
   clients PCP Proxies [I-D.ietf-pcp-proxy] that are responsible for
   relaying PCP requests to the appropriate PCP servers:

   o  In order to prevent single failure scenarios, multiple PCP proxies
      can be hosted within an administrative domain.

   o  A PCP proxy can be configured with one or multiple PCP servers.

   o  Multiple PCP Proxies can be enabled; each of them manages a set of
      PCP servers.

   o  A PCP proxy can be configured with the logic indicating how it
      should proceed to contact upstream PCP servers.  The PCP proxy
      will then follow the procedure defined in
      [I-D.ietf-pcp-server-selection] to contact those servers.

   o  Internal PCP clients may be configured with the IP address(es) of
      the appropriate PCP proxy (e.g., [I-D.ietf-pcp-dhcp]).

      *  If all PCP Proxies interact with the same PCP server(s), the
         same IP address can be provisioned to PCP clients.

      *  If PCP Proxies do not interact with the same set of PCP
         server(s), appropriate IP address(es) are to be returned to
         each requesting PCP client.

                  +------------------------------------+
                  | Administrative Domain              |
   +----------+   |    +-------------------+           |
   |PCP client|---|----|    PCP proxy      |           |
   +----------+   |    +-------------------+           |



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                  |        |            |              |
                  |        |            |              |
                  | +------+------+   +-+------------+ |
                  | | PCP server  |   | PCP server   | |
                  | +-------------+   +--------------+ |
                  +------------------------------------+

   The use of anycast address ([I-D.ietf-pcp-anycast]) is not convenient
   in this model if available PCP servers do not manage the same set of
   state entries.  Deterministic means should be used instead.

   If the PCP proxy is reachable using the PCP anycast address,
   available PCP servers must not be reachable using the same PCP
   anycast address.

5.2.  HTTP-Triggered PCP Client Model

   Another deployment model to hide the identity of back-end PCP servers
   is to relay on HTTP to invoke the PCP service.  This model can also
   be used by operators to accommodate cases where a PCP client
   implementation is not available at the customer side (e.g., unmanaged
   CPE model).

   The deployment model relies on the following:

   o  An HTTP administration based interface is provided to the user to
      create flow-bases forwarding rules.

   o  The HTTP GUI can be part of a CPE management interface or be
      provided as part of the customer care portal.

   o  HTTP requests are translated into appropriate PCP requests in
      order to install the requested state.  The HTTP server embeds also
      a PCP client.

   o  The PCP client uses THIRD_PARTY option.

   o  The PCP client should be configured with PCP server that controls
      the on-path PCP-controlled device for that user.

   o  One or multiple PCP servers can be deployed.  The logic of
      contacting these PCP servers may also be explicitly configured.
      The procedure defined in [I-D.ietf-pcp-server-selection] is used
      to contact those servers.







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   o  The use of a well-known address ([I-D.ietf-pcp-anycast]) to reach
      internal PCP servers is not be convenient if all PCP server do not
      manage the same set of state entries (e.g., NAT64, NPTv6, IPv6
      firewall, etc.).

                  +------------------------------------+
                  | Administrative Domain              |
   +----------+   |    +----------------------+        |
   |  Host    |---|----|HTTP Server+PCP client|        |
   +----------+   |    +----------------------+        |
                  |        |            |              |
                  |        |            |              |
                  | +------+------+   +-+------------+ |
                  | | PCP server  |   | PCP server   | |
                  | +-------------+   +--------------+ |
                  +------------------------------------+

6.  Separated PCP Server & PCP-controlled Device Model

   This model assumes the PCP server is not co-located with the PCP-
   controlled device.  Moreover:

   o  In order to prevent single failure scenarios, multiple PCP servers
      can be hosted within an administrative domain.

   o  A PCP server can control one or many PCP-controlled devices.

   o  Multiple PCP servers can be enabled; each of them manages a set of
      PCP-controlled devices.

   o  Internal PCP clients are configured with the IP address(es) of the
      appropriate PCP server.

      *  If all PCP servers interact with the same PCP-controlled
         devices., the same IP address can be provisioned to PCP
         clients.

      *  If PCP servers do not interact with the same set of PCP-
         controlled devices, appropriate IP address(es) are to be
         returned to each requesting PCP client.

   Note, PCP is not used as interface between the PCP server and the
   PCP-controlled device.  Other protocols (e.g., H.248) can be used for
   that purpose.

7.  Cascaded PCP-controlled Nodes Model





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   This model assumes cascaded PCP-controlled devices are deployed.  A
   typical example is provided below.

                                                      ,-----------.
                               PCP server           ,'             `--.
   +-------+    +------+      +----------+         /                   :
   |PCP    |____|Home  |______|ISP CPE   |________;     Public         |
   |Client |    |Router|      |NAT Router|        :     Internet       |
   +-------+    +------+      +----------+         \                   |
                                                    \                  ;
                                                     `------.       ,-'
                                                             `-----'
                                                      ,-----------.
                              PCP server            ,'             `--.
   +-------+    +------+      +-------+            /                   :
   |PCP    |____|CPE   |______|CGN/FW |___________;     Public         |
   |Client |    |      |      |       |           :     Internet       |
   +-------+    +------+      +-------+            \                   |
                                                    \                  ;
                                                     `------.       ,-'
                                                             `-----'
                                                      ,-----------.
               PCP proxy               PCP server   ,'             `--.
   +-------+    +------+               +-------+   /                   :
   |PCP    |____|CPE   |_______________|CGN/FW |__;     Public         |
   |Client |    |      |               |       |  :     Internet       |
   +-------+    +------+               +-------+   \                   |
                                                    \                  ;
                                                     `------.       ,-'
                                                             `-----'
                                                      ,-----------.
               PCP server              PCP server   ,'             `--.
   +-------+    +------+               +-------+   /                   :
   |PCP    |____|CPE   |_______________|CGN/FW |__;     Public         |
   |Client |    |      |               |       |  :     Internet       |
   +-------+    +------+               +-------+   \                   |
                                                    \                  ;
                                                     `------.       ,-'
                                                             `-----'

   This model requires a PCP proxy function [I-D.ietf-pcp-proxy] be
   deployed in intermediate PCP-controlled devices:

   o  The PCP client is not aware of the presence of more than one level
      of PCP servers.

   o  Each intermediate PCP proxy must contact the appropriate next hop
      PCP server.



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   o  Because of the statefull nature of PCP, the use of PCP anaycast
      address may not be appropriate when the PCP server is co-located
      with the PCP-controlled device.

7.1.  Single Homed CPE Model: PCP Proxy Model

   This model assumes no PCP-controlled function is located in the CPE
   (e.g., DS-Lite case).  The ultimate PCP server is located in ISP
   side.  The PCP server can be deduced from other provisioning
   parameters (e.g., use the IP address of the AFTR as PCP server);
   otherwise the IP address (s) must be discovered by other means.

   The use of an anycast-based model may not be convenient in some cases
   (e.g., multiple PCP-controlled devices are deployed; each of them
   manage a subset of services and state).

      +-------------+
      |   Host      |
      |             |----+                         ,-----------.
      +-------------+    |   +------------+      ,'             `--.
                         +---|    CPE     |      /     ISP           :
                             | PCP proxy  |_____;    PCP server 1    |
                         +---| PCP client |     :    PCP server i    |
      +-------------+    |   +------------+      \                   |
      |    PCP      |----+                        -------------------.
      |   Client    |
      +-------------+


7.2.  UPnP IGD-PCP Interworking Model

   This model is specified in [RFC6970].  The interworking function must
   be provisioned with the IP address(es) of remote PCP server(s).

   (a)
      +-------------+
      | IGD Control |
      |   Point     |----+
      +-------------+    |   +-----+  +--------+               +------+
                         +---| IGD-|  |Provider|               |Remote|
                             | PCP |--|  NAT   |--<Internet>---| Host |
                         +---| IWF |  |        |               |      |
      +-------------+    |   +-----+  +--------+               +------+
      | Local Host  |----+
      +-------------+
                           LAN Side  External Side
      <======UPnP IGD==============><=====PCP=====>




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   (b)
      +-------------+
      | IGD Control |
      |   Point     |----+
      +-------------+    |   +-----+  +--------+               +------+
                         +---| IGD-|  |Provider|               |Remote|
                             | PCP |--|  NAT   |--<Internet>---| Host |
                         +---| IWF |  |        |               |      |
      +-------------+    |   +-----+  +--------+               +------+
      | Local Host  |----+    NAT1           NAT2
      +-------------+


8.  Multi-Homed CPE Model: One Single PCP Server

   A typical example of this model is shown in the following figure:

                        ====================
                        |    Internet       |
                        =====================
                           |              |
                           |              |
                      +----+--------+   +-+------------+
                      | ISP1        |   | ISP2         |
                      |             |   |              |
                      +----+--------+   +-+------------+
                           |              |
                           |              |
         ..............................................................
                           |              |
                           | Port1        | Port2    Subscriber Network
                           |              |
                      +----------------------+
                      |   NAT & PCP servers  |
                      |       GW Router      |
                      +----+-----------------+
                           |
                           |
                           |
                      -----+--------------
                           |
                         +-+-----+
                         | Hosts |  (private address space)
                         +-------+


   Internal PCP clients can interact with one single PCP server.




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9.  Multi-Homed CPE Model: Multiple PCP Servers

   A typical example of this model is shown in the following figure:

                       ==================
                       |    Internet    |
                       ==================
                          |          |
                          |          |
                     +----+-+      +-+----+
                     | ISP1 |      | ISP2 |
                     +----+-+      +-+----+
                          |          |
    .........................................................
                          |          |
                          |          |        Subscriber Network
                  +-------+---+ +----+------+
                  | rtr1 with | | rtr2 with |
                  |   FW1     | |    FW2    |
                  +-------+---+ +----+------+
                          |          |
                          |          |
                          |          |
                   -------+----------+------
                          |
                        +-+-----+
                        | Hosts |
                        +-------+

   The PCP client must interact with all PCP servers; otherwise
   complications arise to communicate with remote peers.  The procedure
   defined in [I-D.ietf-pcp-server-selection] is used to contact those
   servers.

   The use of anycast-based model ([I-D.ietf-pcp-anycast]) will induce
   failures in communicating with external peers (e.g., incoming packets
   will be dropped by one of the firewalls).

10.  Security Considerations

   PCP-related security considerations are discussed in [RFC6887].

11.  IANA Considerations

   This document does not require any action from IANA.

12.  Acknowledgements




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   TBC.

13.  References

13.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC6887]  Wing, D., Cheshire, S., Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and P.
              Selkirk, "Port Control Protocol (PCP)", RFC 6887, April
              2013.

13.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-pcp-anycast]
              Kiesel, S., Penno, R., and S. Cheshire, "PCP Anycast
              Address", draft-ietf-pcp-anycast-00 (work in progress),
              October 2013.

   [I-D.ietf-pcp-dhcp]
              Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and D. Wing, "DHCP Options for
              the Port Control Protocol (PCP)", draft-ietf-pcp-dhcp-09
              (work in progress), November 2013.

   [I-D.ietf-pcp-proxy]
              Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and D. Wing, "Port Control
              Protocol (PCP) Proxy Function", draft-ietf-pcp-proxy-04
              (work in progress), July 2013.

   [I-D.ietf-pcp-server-selection]
              Boucadair, M., Penno, R., Wing, D., Patil, P., and T.
              Reddy, "PCP Server Selection", draft-ietf-pcp-server-
              selection-01 (work in progress), May 2013.

   [RFC6970]  Boucadair, M., Penno, R., and D. Wing, "Universal Plug and
              Play (UPnP) Internet Gateway Device - Port Control
              Protocol Interworking Function (IGD-PCP IWF)", RFC 6970,
              July 2013.

Author's Address

   Mohamed Boucadair
   France Telecom
   Rennes  35000
   France

   Email: mohamed.boucadair@orange.com



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