MPLS Working Group                                            S. Boutros
Internet-Draft                                              S. Sivabalan
Intended status: Standards Track                              G. Swallow
Expires: January 14, 2010                                        D. Ward
                                                               S. Bryant
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                           July 13, 2009


                           MPLS-TP Fault OAM
                     draft-boutros-mpls-tp-fault-02

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Abstract

   This draft specifies a fault management indications for MPLS
   Transport Profile(MPLS-TP) Label Switched Paths (LSPs).  The
   notification mechanism employs a generic method for a Maintenance End
   Point (MEP) or Maintenance Intermediate Point (MIP) to indicate a
   fault on an MPLS-TP LSP.  A new MPLS Operation, Administration, and
   Maintenance (OAM) message is defined.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
     1.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
   2.  MPLS-TP Fault Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
     2.1.  MPLS-TP Alarm Indication Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
     2.2.  MPLS-TP Reverse Defect Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     2.3.  MPLS-TP Locked Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
   3.  MPLS-OAM Fault Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     3.1.  MPLS Fault Management Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
     3.2.  MPLS-TP Fault Message Format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
   4.  Sending and Receiving Fault Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
     4.1.  Sending a Fault Indication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
     4.2.  Clearing a Fault Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
     4.3.  Receiving a Fault Indication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
   5.  Issues  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   7.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9



















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1.  Introduction

   In traditional transport networks, circuits such as T1 lines are
   provisioned on multiple switches.  When a fault occurs on any link or
   node along the path of such a transport circuit, alarms are generated
   which may in turn activate a backup circuit.  MPLS-TP LSP emulating
   traditional transport circuits needs to provide the same Fault
   Management (FM) capability.  In this document, an MPLS-TP LSP means
   either an MPLS transport LSP.

   This document specifies an MPLS-TP Fault Management mechanism based
   on a new type of MPLS OAM message called an "MPLS-OAM Fault
   Management (FM)" message.  This message is used to convey the
   following:

      Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)

      Reverse Defect Indication (RDI)

      Locked Indication (LCK)

   The AIS message is generated in response to detecting defects in the
   server layer.  Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms in the
   MPLS-TP layer network above the level at which the defect occurs.
   The AIS message MAY also be used to trigger fault recovery
   mechanisms.

   The RDI message is generated by a MEP experiencing a defect to inform
   its peer MEP(s) of the condition.

   The LCK message is generated when a server layer entity has been
   administratively locked to communicated that condition to inform the
   client layer entities of that condition.  When an MPLS-TP LSP is
   administratively locked it is not available to carry client traffic.
   Its purpose is to suppress alarms in the MPLS-TP layer network above
   the level at which the defect occurs and to allow the clients to
   differentiate the lock condition from a defect condition.

1.1.  Terminology

   ACH: Associated Channel Header

   AII: Attachment Interface Identifier

   ASN: Autonomous System Number

   FEC: Forwarding Equivalence Class




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   FM: Fault Management

   LSP: Label Switched Path

   LSR: Label Switching Router

   MEP: Maintenance End Point

   MIP: Maintenance Intermediate Point

   MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching

   MPLS-TP: MPLS Transport Profile

   OAM: Operations, Administration and Maintenance

   P2MP: Point to Multi-Point

   P2P: Point to Point

   PSC: Protection State Coordination

   PW: Pseudowire

   TLV: Type Length Value

   TTL: Time To Live

Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [1].


2.  MPLS-TP Fault Indications

   This document defines messages to indicate three kinds of fault,
   Alarm Indication Signal, Reverse Defect Indication, and Lock
   Indication.  These are described in below.

2.1.  MPLS-TP Alarm Indication Signal

   The AIS message is generated in response to detecting defects in the
   server layer.  Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms in the
   MPLS-TP layer networks above the level at which the defect occurs.
   The AIS message MAY also be used to trigger fault recovery
   mechanisms.



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   When a server MEP detects a fault, AIS messages are generated by the
   convergence server-to-client adaptation function.  The messages are
   sent to the client MEPs in the direction opposite the peer server
   MEP(s).  This message is sent periodically until the fault is
   cleared.

2.2.  MPLS-TP Reverse Defect Indication

   Reverse Defect Indication is used to communicate defects from the MEP
   which has detected the fault to its peer MEP(s).

   The messages are sent in-band to the client MEPs in the direction
   opposite the peer server MEP(s).  This message is sent periodically
   until the fault is cleared.

2.3.  MPLS-TP Locked Indication

   Locked Indication is used to communicate that the facility associated
   with the MEP has been administratively locked and is not available
   for client traffic.  That is, the facility has been taken out-of-
   service.  This allows a MEP receiving a LCK message to differentiate
   between a defect condition and an administrative locking action.

   When a server MEP is locked, LCK messages are generated by the
   convergence server-to-client adaptation function.  The messages are
   sent to the client MEPs in the direction opposite the peer server
   MEP(s).  This message is sent periodically until the lock is cleared.


3.  MPLS-OAM Fault Message

   A single fault message is used to carry fault indications.  The
   particular fault is identified by an op-code.  The message is in turn
   carried in a Fault Management channel identified by the Associated
   Channel Header.  On this channel ACH TLVs are used to carry any
   necessary identifiers.  In particular it is used to carry the sending
   MEP-ID.

3.1.  MPLS Fault Management Channel

   Fault Management messages are carried in the ACH as defined in RFC
   5586 [2].  MPLS-TP Fault Management (FM) code point = 0xHH.  [HH to
   be assigned by IANA from the PW Associated Channel Type registry.]

   Messages sent on the MPLS-TP FM Channel MUST be preceded by an ACH
   TLV Header and MUST include the Sending-MEP TLV as defined in
   draft-ietf-mpls-ach-tlv. [3] The FM ACH Channel and ACH TLVs are
   shown below.



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       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |0 0 0 1|Version|   Reserved    | 0xHH MPLS-TP Fault Management |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                         ACH TLV Header                        |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               ~
      ~                     zero or more ACH TLVs                     ~
      ~                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               ~
      ~                     MPLS-TP Fault Message                     ~
      ~                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                 Figure 1: ACH Indication of MPLS-TP Fault

3.2.  MPLS-TP Fault Message Format

   The format of an MPLS-TP Fault Message is shown below.


       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Version       | OpCode        | Cause Code    | Flags       |R|
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Refresh Timer | Total TLV Length              | TLVs          |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                             TLVs                              |
      ~                                                               ~
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

                   Figure 2: MPLS-TP OAM Message Format

   Version

      The Version Number is currently 1.

   Flags

      One flag, the R-Flag is defined.  The other flags in this field
      MUST be set to zero on transmission and ignored on receipt.

      R-flag





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         The R-flag is normally set to zero.  A setting on one inticates
         the removal of a previously sent FM condition.

   Op Code

      The Op Code indicates the type of fault as listed in the table
      below.

      Op Code            Description
      -------            -------------
        0x0              Reserved
        0x1              Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
        0x2              Remote Defect Indication (RDI)
        0x3              Locked indication (LCK)

   Refresh Timer

      The maximum time between successive FM messages specified in
      seconds.  The range is 1 to 65535.  The value 0 is not permitted.
      The default value is 60.

   Total TLV Length

      The total TLV length is the total of all included TLVs.  At this
      time no TLVs are defined.

   Cause Code

      The cause of the fault encoded as follows


      Cause Code         Meaning
      ----------         -------
        0x0              No indication
        0x1              Link failure
        0x2              Node failure
        0x3              Low memory
        0x4              High CPU
        0x5              Resource unavailable


4.  Sending and Receiving Fault Indications

4.1.  Sending a Fault Indication

   Faults are indicated by sending FM messages.  The op code is set to
   the value corresponding to the fault.  A cause may be communicated by
   setting the corresponding cause code.  If no cause is to be



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   communicated this field MUST be set to zero.  The R-flag MUST be set
   to zero.  The refresh timer is set to the maximum time between
   successive FM messages.  This value SHOULD not be changed on
   successive FM messages.

   The message is then prepended with an ACH TLV header and the Sending-
   MEP TLV.  For AIS messages (which are sent from the convergence
   server-to-client adaptation function) ID of the server MEP is used.

   The message is then sent.  The message MUST be refreshed twice at an
   interval of one second.  Further refreshes are sent according to the
   value of the refresh timer.  Refreshing continues until the fault is
   cleared.

4.2.  Clearing a Fault Indication

   Ceasing to send FM messages will clear the fault after 3.5 times the
   Refresh Timer.  To clear a fault more quickly, the following
   procedure is used.  The R-FLag of the FM message is set to one.
   Other fields of the FM message SHOULD NOT be modified.  The message
   is sent immediately and then refreshed twice at at an interval of one
   second.

4.3.  Receiving a Fault Indication

   When a FM Indication is received, a MEP examines it to ensure that
   that it is well formed.  If the op code is unknown, the message is
   ignored.  If the cause code is unknown it is interpreted as "No
   Indication".  If the R-FLag is zero, the Sending-MEP_ID noted and the
   corresponding defect state is entered.  A timer is set to 3.5 times
   the refresh timer.  If the message is not refreshed within this
   period, the fault is cleared.  A message is considered a refresh if
   the op code and Sending-MEP_ID match an existing fault and the R-Flag
   is set to zero.

   If the R-Flag is set to one, the MEP checks to see if a fault
   matching the op code and Sending-MEP_ID exists.  If it does, that
   fault is cleared.  Otherwise the message is ignored.


5.  Issues

   1.  Are cause codes useful?

   2.  Should we include a TLV like the security TLV in BFD?






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6.  Security Considerations

   To be added.


7.  IANA Considerations

   To be added.


8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [1]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
        Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [2]  Bocci, M., Vigoureux, M., and S. Bryant, "MPLS Generic
        Associated Channel", RFC 5586, June 2009.

   [3]  Boutros, S., Bryant, S., Sivabalan, S., Swallow, G., and D.
        Ward, "Definition of ACH TLV Structure",
        draft-ietf-mpls-tp-ach-tlv-00 (work in progress), June 2009.

   [4]  Niven-Jenkins, B., Brungard, D., Betts, M., Sprecher, N., and S.
        Ueno, "MPLS-TP Requirements", draft-ietf-mpls-tp-requirements-09
        (work in progress), June 2009.

   [5]  Vigoureux, M., Ward, D., and M. Betts, "Requirements for OAM in
        MPLS Transport Networks", draft-ietf-mpls-tp-oam-requirements-02
        (work in progress), June 2009.

8.2.  Informative References


Authors' Addresses

   Sami Boutros
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   3750 Cisco Way
   San Jose, California  95134
   USA

   Email: sboutros@cisco.com







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   Siva Sivabalan
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   2000 Innovation Drive
   Kanata, Ontario  K2K 3E8
   Canada

   Email: msiva@cisco.com


   George Swallow
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   300 Beaver Brook Road
   Boxborough, Massachusetts  01719
   United States

   Email: swallow@cisco.com


   David Ward
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   3750 Cisco Way
   San Jose, California  95134
   USA

   Email: wardd@cisco.com


   Stewart Bryant
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   250, Longwater
   Green Park, Reading  RG2 6GB
   UK

   Email: stbryant@cisco.com

















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