Network Working Group Paul Congdon INTERNET-DRAFT Hewlett Packard Company Category: Informational Bernard Aboba <draft-congdon-radius-8021x-05.txt> Tim Moore 1 November 2000 Ashwin Palekar Microsoft Andrew Smith Extreme Networks Glen Zorn Dave Halasz Cisco Systems Andrea Li Albert P. Young 3Com John Roese Enterasys IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. 1. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. 2. Abstract IEEE 802.1X enables authenticated access to IEEE 802 media, including Ethernet, Token Ring, and 802.11 wireless LANs. Although RADIUS support is optional within IEEE 802.1X, it is expected that most IEEE 802.1X Authenticators will function as RADIUS clients. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 1]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 This document provides suggestions on RADIUS usage by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators. It is currently being developed within the IEEE 802.1X working group and is being presented to the IETF for informational purposes. 3. Introduction IEEE 802.1X [13] enables authenticated access to IEEE 802 media, including Ethernet, Token Ring, and 802.11 wireless LANs. Although RADIUS support is optional within IEEE 802.1X, it is expected that most IEEE 802.1X Authenticators will function as RADIUS clients. This document provides suggestions on RADIUS usage by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators. It is currently being developed within the IEEE 802.1X working group and is being presented to the IETF for informational purposes. 3.1. Terminology This document uses the following terms: Authenticator An Authenticator is an entity that requires to authenticate the Supplicant. The Authenticator may be connected to the Supplicant at the other end of a point-to-point LAN segment or 802.11 wireless link. Authentication Server An Authentication Server is an entity that provides an Authentication Service to an Authenticator. This service verifies from the credentials provided by the Supplicant, the claim of identity made by the Supplicant. Port Access Entity (PAE) The protocol entity associated with a physical or virtual (802.11) Port. A given PAE may support the protocol functionality associated with the Authenticator, Supplicant or both. Supplicant A Supplicant is an entity that is being authenticated by an Authenticator. The Supplicant may be connected to the Authenticator at one end of a point-to-point LAN segment or 802.11 wireless link. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 2]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 3.2. Requirements language In this document, the key words "MAY", "MUST, "MUST NOT", "optional", "recommended", "SHOULD", and "SHOULD NOT", are to be interpreted as described in [3]. 4. RADIUS accounting attributes With a few exceptions, the RADIUS accounting attributes defined in [5] and [6] have the same meaning within IEEE 802.1X sessions as they do in dialup sessions and therefore no additional commentary is needed. Attributes requiring more discussion include: Acct-Terminate-Cause Acct-Multi-Session-Id Acct-Link-Count 4.1. Acct-Terminate-Cause This attribute indicates how the session was terminated, as described in [5]. As described in [13], IEEE 802.1X defines the following termination cause values, which are shown with their RADIUS equivalents in the following table: IEEE 802.1X RADIUS dot1xAuthSessionTerminateCause Acct-Terminate-Cause Value Value ------------- -------------------- supplicantLogoff(1) User Request (1) portFailure(2) Lost Carrier (2) supplicantRestart(3) Supplicant Restart (19) reauthFailed(4) Reauthentication Failure (20) authControlForceUnauth(5) Admin Reset (6) portReInit(6) Port Reinit (21) portAdminDisabled(7) Port Disabled (22) notTerminatedYet(999) N/A When using this attribute, the User Request (1) termination cause corresponds to the situation in which the session terminated due to an EAPOL-Logoff received from the Supplicant. When a session is moved due to roaming, the EAPOL state machines will treat this as a Supplicant Logoff. A Lost Carrier (2) termination cause indicates session termination due to loss of physical connectivity for reasons other than roaming. For example, if the Supplicant disconnects a point-to-point LAN connection, or moves out of range of an 802.11 Access Point, this termination cause Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 3]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 is used. Lost Carrier(2) therefore equates to a Port Disabled condition in the EAPOL state machines. A Supplicant Restart(TBD) termination cause indicates re-initialization of the Supplicant state machines. [Issue: how is this detected on the Authenticator?] A Reauthentication Failure(TBD) termination cause indicates that a previously authenticated Supplicant has failed to re-authenticate successfully following expiry of the reauthentication timer or explicit reauthentication request by management action. An Admin Reset(6) termination cause indicates that the Port has been administratively forced into the unauthorized state. A Port Reinitialized (TBD) terminate cause indicates that the Port's MAC has been reinitialized. A Port Administratively Disabled (TBD) terminate cause indicates that the Port has been administratively disabled. 4.2. Acct-Multi-Session-Id The purpose of this attribute is to make it possible to link together multiple related sessions. While within IEEE 802.1X it is not possible to bring up multi-link bundles, it is possible for a Supplicant roaming between IEEE 802.11 Access Points to cause multiple RADIUS accounting packets to be sent by different Access Points. Where supported by the Access Points, the Acct-Multi-Session-Id attribute is used to link together the multiple related sessions of a roaming Supplicant. It is assumed that the Acct-Multi-Session-Id is transferred between the Access Points as part of the Inter-Access Point Protocol. If Acct-Multi-Session-Id were not unique between Access Points, then it is possible that the chosen Acct-Multi-Session-Id might overlap with an existing value allocated on that Access Point and the Accounting Server would therefore be unable to distinguish a roaming session from a multi- link session. As a result, it is required that the Acct-Multi-Session-Id attribute be unique among all the Access Points, Supplicants and sessions. In order to provide this uniqueness, it is suggested that the Acct-Multi-Session- Id be of the form: Original Access-Point MAC Address | Supplicant MAC Address | NTP Timestamp Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 4]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 Here the original Access-Point MAC Address is the MAC address of the Access Point (in binary form) at which the session started, and the 32-bit NTP timestamp indicates the beginning of the original session. In order to provide for consistency of the Acct-Multi-Session-Id between 802.11 roaming sessions, the multi-session-id may be moved between Access Points as part of an inter-access point protocol. The use of Acct-Multi-Session-Id of this form guarantees uniqueness among all Access Points, Supplicants and sessions. Since the NTP timestamp does not wrap on reboot, there is no possibility that a rebooted Access Point could choose an Acct-Multi-Session-Id that could be confused with that of a previous session. 4.3. Acct-Link-Count Since within IEEE 802.1X it is typically not possible to bring up multi- link bundles, this attribute is not useful for IEEE 802.1X authenticators. 5. RADIUS authentication The following attributes defined in [4] and [6] appear relevant for use by IEEE 802.1X authenticators acting as RADIUS clients: User-Name NAS-IP-Address NAS-Port Service-Type Framed-Routing Filter-Id Framed-MTU Reply-Message Framed-Route State Class Vendor-Specific Session-Timeout Idle-Timeout Termination-Action Called-Station-ID Calling-Station-ID NAS-Identifier Proxy-State NAS-Port-Type Password-Retry Connect-Info EAP-Message Message-Authenticator Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 5]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 NAS-Port-Id Tunnel-attributes 5.1. User-Name In IEEE 802.1X, the supplicant typically provides its identity via an EAP-Response/Identity message. Where available, the supplicant identity is included in the User-Name attribute, and included in the RADIUS Access-Request and Access-Reply messages as specified in [4]. Alternatively, where Service-Type=Call Check, the User-Name attribute contains the Calling-Station-ID value, which is set to the Supplicant MAC address. 5.2. User-Password, CHAP-Password, CHAP-Challenge Since IEEE 802.1X does not support PAP or CHAP authentication, the User- Password, CHAP-Password or CHAP-Challenge attributes are not used by IEEE 802.1X authenticators acting as RADIUS clients. 5.3. NAS-IP-Address For use with IEEE 802.1X, the NAS-IP-Address contains the IPv4 address of the bridge or Access Point acting as an Authenticator. If the IEEE 802.1X authenticator has more than one interface, it may be desirable to use a loopback address for this purpose so that the Authenticator will still be reachable even if one of the interfaces were to fail. 5.4. NAS-Port For use with IEEE 802.1X the NAS-Port will contain the port number of the bridge, if this is available. While an 802.11 Access Point does not have physical ports, it does assign a unique "association ID" to every mobile station upon a successful association exchange. As a result, for an 802.11 Access Point, the NAS-Port attribute will contain the association ID, which is a 16-bit unsigned integer. 5.5. Service-Type For use with IEEE 802.1X, only the Framed (2), Authenticate Only (8), and Call Check (10) values have meaning. A Service-Type of Framed indicates that appropriate 802 framing should be used for the connection. A Service-Type of Authenticate Only (8) indicates that no authorization information needs to be returned in the Access-Accept. As described in [4], a Service-Type of Call Check is included in an Access-Request packet to request that the RADIUS server accept or reject the connection attempt, typically based on the Called- Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 6]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 Station-ID (set to the bridge or Access Point MAC address) or Calling- Station-ID attributes (set to the supplicant MAC address). As noted in [4] it is recommended that in this case the User-Name attribute be given the value of Calling-Station-Id. 5.6. Framed-Protocol Since there is no value for 802 media, the Framed-Protocol attribute is not used by IEEE 802.1X authenticators. 5.7. Framed-IP-Address, Framed-IP-Netmask Since IEEE 802.1X does not provide a mechanism for IP address assignment, the Framed-IP-Address and Framed-IP-Netmask attributes are not used by IEEE 802.1X authenticators. 5.8. Framed-Routing The Framed-Routing attribute indicates the routing method for the supplicant. It is therefore only relevant for IEEE 802.1X authenticators that act as layer 3 devices, and cannot be used by a bridge or Access Point. 5.9. Filter-ID This attribute indicates the name of the filter list for the supplicant. For use with an IEEE 802.1X authenticator, it may be used to indicate either layer 2 or layer 3 filters. 5.10. Framed-MTU This attribute indicates the maximum size of an IP packet that may be transmitted over the wire between the Supplicant and the Authenticator. IEEE 802.1X authenticators set this to the value corresponding to the relevant 802 medium, and include it in the RADIUS Access-Request. For EAP over IEEE 802 media, the Framed-MTU values (which do not include LLC/SNAP overhead) and maximum frame length values (not including the preamble) are as follows: Maximum Frame Media Framed-MTU Length ========= =============== ============== Ethernet 1500 1522 802.3 1500 1522 802.4 8174 8193 802.5 (4 Mbps) 4528 4550 802.5 (16 Mbps) 18173 18200 802.5 (100 Mb/s) 18173 18200 Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 7]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 802.6 9191 9240 802.9a 1500 1518 802.11 2304 2346 802.12 (Ethernet) 1500 1518 802.12 (Token Ring) 4502 4528 FDDI 4479 4500 5.11. Framed-Compression IEEE 802.1X does not include compression support so that this attribute is not understood by 802.1X Authenticators. 5.12. Reply-Message This attribute is used to indicate text which MAY be displayed to the user. An IEEE 802.1X authenticator receiving this attribute includes the String within an EAP-Request/Notification message sent to the supplicant. 5.13. Callback-Number, Callback-ID These attributes are not understood by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators. 5.14. Framed-Route The Framed-Route attribute provides routes that are to be configured for the supplicant. It is therefore only relevant for IEEE 802.1X Authenticators that act as layer 3 devices, and cannot be understood by a bridge or Access Point. 5.15. State, Class, Vendor-Specific, Proxy-State These attributes are used for the same purposes as described in [4]. 5.16. Session-Timeout If Session-Timeout attribute is included in an Access-Accept, a Termination-Action attribute MUST also be sent along with it. When sent in an Access-Accept, the Session-Timeout attribute specifies the maximum number of seconds of service provided prior to re-authentication. In this case, the Session-Timeout attribute is used to load the reAuthPeriod constant within the Reauthentication Timer state machine of 802.1X. As described in [6], when sent in an Access-Challenge, this attribute represents the maximum number of seconds that an IEEE 802.1X authenticator should wait for an EAP-Response before retransmitting. In this case, the Session-Timeout attribute is used to load the suppTimeout Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 8]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 constant within the Backend state machine of 802.1X. 5.17. Idle-Timeout For IEEE 802 media other than 802.11 there is no concept of an idle timeout since the media are always on. As a result the Idle-Timeout attribute is relevant only for 802.11. It is possible for an 802.11 device to wander out of range of all access points. In this case, the Idle-Timeout attribute indicates the maximum time that an 802.11 device may remain idle. 5.18. Termination-Action This attribute indicates what action should be taken when the service is completed. Only a value of RADIUS-Request(1) is valid for use with IEEE 802.1X. This indicates that re-authentication should occur on expiration of the Session-Time. 5.19. Called-Station-Id For IEEE 802.1X authenticators, this attribute is used to store the bridge or Access Point MAC address in ASCII format, with octet values separated by a "-". Example: "00-10-A4-23-19-C0". 5.20. Calling-Station-Id For IEEE 802.1X authenticators, this attribute is used to store the supplicant MAC address in ASCII format, with octet values separated by a "-". Example: "00-10-A4-23-19-C0". 5.21. NAS-Identifier This attribute contains a string identifying the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator originating the Access-Request. 5.22. NAS-Port-Type For use with IEEE 802.1X, NAS-Port-Type values of Ethernet (15) Wireless - IEEE 802.11 (19), Token Ring (20) and FDDI (21) may be used. 5.23. Port-Limit This attribute has no meaning when sent to an IEEE 802.1X Authenticator. 5.24. Password-Retry In IEEE 802.1X, the Authenticator always transitions to the HELD state after an authentication failure. Thus this attribute does not make sense Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 9]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 for IEEE 802.1X. 5.25. Connect-Info This attribute is sent by a bridge or Access Point to indicate the nature of the Supplicant's connection. When sent in the Access-Request it is recommended that this attribute contain information on the speed of the Supplicant's connection. For 802.11, the following format is recommended: "CONNECT 11Mbps 802.11b" or "CONNECT 54Mbps 802.11a". If sent in the Accounting STOP, this attribute may be used to summarize statistics relating to session quality. For example, in IEEE 802.11, the Connect-Info attribute may contain information on the number of link layer retransmissions. The exact format of this attribute is implementation specific. 5.26. EAP-Message Since IEEE 802.1X provides for encapsulation of EAP as described in [1] and [13], the EAP-Message attribute is used to encapsulate EAP packets for transmission from the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator to the Authentication Server. 5.27. Message-authenticator As noted in [6], the Message-Authenticator attribute MUST be used to protect all packets containing an EAP-Message attribute. 5.28. NAS-Port-Id This attribute is used to identify the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator port which authenticates the Supplicant. The NAS-Port-Id differs from the NAS-Port in that it is a string of variable length whereas the NAS-Port is a 4 octet value. 5.29. Framed-Pool Since IEEE 802.1X does not support address assignment, this attribute has no meaning to an IEEE 802.1X Authenticator. 5.30. Tunnel attributes Reference [20] defines RADIUS tunnel attributes used for authentication and authorization, and reference [21] defines tunnel attributes used for accounting. Where the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator supports tunneling, a compulsory tunnel may be set up for the Supplicant as a result of the authentication. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 10]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 In particular, it may be desirable to allow a Supplicant to be placed into a particular Virtual Lan (VLAN) based on the result of the authentication. The RADIUS server typically indicates the desired VLAN by including tunnel attributes within the Access-Accept. However, the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator may also provide a hint as to the VLAN to be assigned to the Supplicant by including Tunnel attributes within the Access-Request. For use in VLAN assignment, the following tunnel attributes are sent: Tunnel-Type=VLAN (13) Tunnel-Medium-Type=802 Tunnel-Private-Group-ID=VLANID Note that the VLANID is 12-bits, taking a value between 0 and 4095, inclusive. Since the Tunnel-Private-Group-ID is of type String as defined in [20], for use with IEEE 802.1X, the VLANID is encoded as a string, rather than an integer. 6. Security considerations Since this draft describes the use of RADIUS for purposes of authentication authorization and accounting in IEEE 802.1X-enabled networks, it is vulnerable to all of the threats that are present in other RADIUS applications, with one exception. For a discussion of these threats, see [6]. Since IEEE 802.1X does not support PAP or CHAP authentication, the RADIUS User-Password hiding mechanism is not utilized to hide user passwords. As noted in [4], there are doubts about the security of this mechanism. 7. References [1] Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., "PPP Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC 2284, March 1998. [2] Rivest, R., Dusse, S., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321, April 1992. [3] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March, 1997. [4] Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W., Willens, S., "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865, June 2000. [5] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 11]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 [6] Rigney, C., Willats, W., Calhoun, P., "RADIUS Extensions", RFC 2869, June 2000. [7] IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture, ANSI/IEEE Std 802, 1990. [8] ISO/IEC 10038 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local area networks - Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges, (also ANSI/IEEE Std 802.1D- 1993), 1993. [9] ISO/IEC Final CD 15802-3 Information technology - Tele- communications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Common specifications - Part 3:Media Access Control (MAC) bridges, (current draft available as IEEE P802.1D/D15). [10] IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Draft Standard for Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks, P802.1Q/D8, January 1998. [11] ISO/IEC 8802-3 Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Common specifications - Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications, (also ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3- 1996), 1996. [12] IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Demand Priority Access Method, Physical Layer and Repeater Specification For 100 Mb/s Operation, IEEE Std 802.12-1995. [13] IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Port based Network Access Control, IEEE Draft 802.1X/D8, October 16 , 2000. [14] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131, March 1997. [15] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of Unicode and ISO 10646", RFC 2044, October 1996. [16] Aboba, B., Beadles, M., "The Network Access Identifier", RFC 2486, January 1999. [17] Alvestrand, H. and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 12]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 [18] Dobbertin, H., "The Status of MD5 After a Recent Attack." CryptoBytes Vol.2 No.2, Summer 1996. [19] Atkinson, R., "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol", RFC 1825, August 1995. [20] Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege, M., Goyret, I., "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC 2868, June 2000. [21] Zorn, G., Mitton, D., Aboba, B., "RADIUS Accounting Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC 2867, June 2000. [22] Information technology - Telecommunications and information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE Std. 802.11-1997, 1997. 8. IANA Considerations This specification does not create any RADIUS attributes nor any new number spaces for IANA administration. However, it does require assignment of new values to existing RADIUS attributes. These include: Attribute Values Required ========= =============== NAS-Port-Type Token-Ring (20), FDDI (21) Tunnel-Type VLAN (13) Acct-Terminate-Cause Supplicant Restart (19) Reauthentication Failure (20) Port Re-initialized (21) Port Administratively Disabled (22) 9. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge Bob O'Hara of Informed Technology and Dave Bagby of 3Com for contributions to this document. 10. Authors' Addresses Paul Congdon Hewlett Packard Company HP ProCurve Networking 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304 Phone: +1 916 785 5753 Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 13]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 Fax: +1 916 785 5949 Email: PAUL_CONGDON@hp.com Andrew Smith Extreme Networks 3585 Monroe St. Santa Clara, CA 95051-1450 Phone: +1 408 579 2821 Fax: +1 408 579 3000 Email: andrew@extremenetworks.com Albert P. Young 3Com Corporation 5400 Bayfront Plaza P.O. Box 58145, M/S: 4204 Santa Clara CA 95052-8145 Phone: +1 408 326 6435 Fax: +1 408 326 5855 Email: Albert_Young@3com.com Andrea Li 3Com Corporation 10545 Willows Rd. NE M/S: Suite 110 - First Floor Redmond, WA 98052 Phone: +1 425 498 8213 Fax: +1 425 498 8201 Email: Andrea_Li@3com.com John Roese Enterasys Email: jjr@enterasys.com Phone: +1 603 337 1506 Glen Zorn Cisco Systems, Inc. 500 108th Avenue N.E., Suite 500 Bellevue, WA 98004 Phone: +1 425 468 0955 Email: gwz@cisco.com Dave Halasz Cisco Systems Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 14]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 Email: dhala@cisco.com Bernard Aboba Ashwin Palekar Tim Moore Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052 EMail: {bernarda, ashwinp, timmoore}@microsoft.com Phone: +1 425 882 8080 Fax: +1 425 936 7329 11. Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards- related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. 12. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2000). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 15]
INTERNET-DRAFT IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines 1 November 2000 Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE." 13. Expiration Date This memo is filed as <draft-congdon-radius-8021x-05.txt>, and expires June 1, 2001. Congdon, et al. Informational [Page 16]