Network Working Group                                       Paul Congdon
INTERNET-DRAFT                                   Hewlett Packard Company
Category: Informational                                    Bernard Aboba
<draft-congdon-radius-8021x-24.txt>                            Microsoft
3 April 2003                                                Andrew Smith
                                                        Allegro Networks
                                                               Glen Zorn
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                              John Roese
                                                               Enterasys


                  IEEE 802.1X RADIUS Usage Guidelines

This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all
provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that other groups
may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material
or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

Copyright Notice

Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

IEEE 802.1X enables authenticated access to IEEE 802 media, including
Ethernet, Token Ring, and 802.11 wireless LANs.  Although RADIUS support
is optional within IEEE 802.1X, it is expected that many IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators will function as RADIUS clients.

This document provides suggestions on RADIUS usage by IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators. The material in this document is also included within a
non-normative Appendix within the IEEE 802.1X specification, and is
being presented as an IETF RFC for informational purposes.




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Table of Contents

1.     Introduction ..........................................    4
   1.1       Terminology .....................................    4
   1.2       Requirements language ...........................    5
2.     RADIUS accounting attributes ..........................    5
   2.1       Acct-Terminate-Cause ............................    5
   2.2.      Acct-Multi-Session-Id ...........................    6
   2.3.      Acct-Link-Count .................................    7
3.     RADIUS authentication .................................    8
   3.1       User-Name .......................................    8
   3.2       User-Password, CHAP-Password, CHAP-Challenge ....    8
   3.3       NAS-IP-Address, NAS-IPv6-Address ................    8
   3.4       NAS-Port ........................................    8
   3.5       Service-Type ....................................    8
   3.6       Framed-Protocol .................................    9
   3.7       Framed-IP-Address, Framed-IP-Netmask ............    9
   3.8       Framed-Routing ..................................    9
   3.9       Filter-ID .......................................    9
  3.10       Framed-MTU ......................................    9
  3.11       Framed-Compression ..............................   10
  3.12       Displayable messages ............................   10
  3.13       Callback-Number, Callback-ID ....................   10
  3.14       Framed-Route, Framed-IPv6-Route .................   10
  3.15       State, Class, Proxy-State .......................   11
  3.16       Vendor-Specific .................................   11
  3.17       Session-Timeout .................................   11
  3.18       Idle-Timeout ....................................   11
  3.19       Termination-Action ..............................   12
  3.20       Called-Station-Id ...............................   12
  3.21       Calling-Station-Id ..............................   12
  3.22       NAS-Identifier ..................................   12
  3.23       NAS-Port-Type ...................................   12
  3.24       Port-Limit ......................................   12
  3.25       Password-Retry ..................................   12
  3.26       Connect-Info ....................................   13
  3.27       EAP-Message .....................................   13
  3.28       Message-Authenticator ...........................   13
  3.29       NAS-Port-Id .....................................   13
  3.30       Framed-Pool, Framed-IPv6-Pool ...................   13
  3.31       Tunnel attributes ...............................   13










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4.     RC4 EAPOL-Key descriptor ..............................   14
5.     Security considerations ...............................   18
   5.1       Packet modification or forgery ..................   18
   5.2       Dictionary attacks ..............................   19
   5.3       Known plaintext attacks .........................   19
   5.4       Replay ..........................................   19
   5.5       Outcome mismatches ..............................   20
   5.6       802.11 integration ..............................   20
   5.7       Key management issues ...........................   21
6.     IANA considerations ...................................   22
7.     Normative references ..................................   22
8.     Informative references ................................   23
9.     Table of Attributes ...................................   25
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..............................................   27
AUTHORS' ADDRESSES ...........................................   27
Intellectual Property Statement ..............................   28
Full Copyright Statement .....................................   29


































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1.  Introduction

IEEE 802.1X [IEEE8021X] provides "network port authentication" for IEEE
802 [IEEE802] media, including Ethernet [IEEE8023], Token Ring and
802.11 [IEEE80211] wireless LANS.

IEEE 802.1X does not require use of a backend authentication server, and
thus can be deployed with stand-alone switches or access points, as well
as in centrally managed scenarios.

In situations where it is desirable to centrally manage authentication,
authorization and accounting (AAA) for IEEE 802 networks, deployment of
a backend authentication and accounting server is desirable. In such
situations, it is expected that IEEE 802.1X Authenticators will function
as AAA clients.

This document provides suggestions on RADIUS usage by IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators. Support for any AAA protocol is optional for IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators, and therefore this specification has been incorporated
into a non-normative Appendix within the IEEE 802.1X specification.

1.1.  Terminology

This document uses the following terms:

Authenticator
          An Authenticator is an entity that require authentication from
          the Supplicant.  The Authenticator may be connected to the
          Supplicant at the other end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
          802.11 wireless link.

Authentication Server
          An Authentication Server is an entity that provides an
          Authentication Service to an Authenticator. This service
          verifies from the credentials provided by the Supplicant, the
          claim of identity made by the Supplicant.

Port Access Entity (PAE)
          The protocol entity associated with a physical or virtual
          (802.11) Port.  A given PAE may support the protocol
          functionality associated with the Authenticator, Supplicant or
          both.

Supplicant
          A Supplicant is an entity that is being authenticated by an
          Authenticator. The Supplicant may be connected to the
          Authenticator at one end of a point-to-point LAN segment or
          802.11 wireless link.



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1.2.  Requirements language

In this document, several words are used to signify the requirements of
the specification.  These words are often capitalized.  The key words
"MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD
NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be
interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

2.  RADIUS accounting attributes

With a few exceptions, the RADIUS accounting attributes defined in
[RFC2866], [RFC2867] and [RFC2869] have the same meaning within IEEE
802.1X sessions as they do in dialup sessions and therefore no
additional commentary is needed.

Attributes requiring more discussion include:

   Acct-Terminate-Cause
   Acct-Multi-Session-Id
   Acct-Link-Count

2.1.  Acct-Terminate-Cause

This attribute indicates how the session was terminated, as described in
[RFC2866]. [IEEE8021X] defines the following termination cause values,
which are shown with their RADIUS equivalents in the following table:

IEEE 802.1X                         RADIUS
dot1xAuthSessionTerminateCause      Acct-Terminate-Cause
Value                               Value
-------------                       --------------------
SupplicantLogoff(1)                 User Request (1)
portFailure(2)                      Lost Carrier (2)
SupplicantRestart(3)                Supplicant Restart (19)
reauthFailed(4)                     Reauthentication Failure (20)
authControlForceUnauth(5)           Admin Reset (6)
portReInit(6)                       Port Reinitialized (21)
portAdminDisabled(7)                Port Administratively Disabled (22)
notTerminatedYet(999)               N/A

When using this attribute, the User Request (1) termination cause
corresponds to the situation in which the session terminated due to an
EAPOL-Logoff received from the Supplicant.  When a session is moved due
to roaming, the EAPOL state machines will treat this as a Supplicant
Logoff.

A Lost Carrier (2) termination cause indicates session termination due
to loss of physical connectivity for reasons other than roaming between



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802.11 Access Points. For example, if the Supplicant disconnects a
point-to-point LAN connection, or moves out of range of an 802.11 Access
Point, this termination cause is used.  Lost Carrier (2) therefore
equates to a Port Disabled condition in the EAPOL state machines.

A Supplicant Restart (19) termination cause indicates re-initialization
of the Supplicant state machines.

A Reauthentication Failure (20) termination cause indicates that a
previously authenticated Supplicant has failed to re-authenticate
successfully following expiry of the reauthentication timer or explicit
reauthentication request by management action.

Within [IEEE80211], periodic re-authentication may be useful in
preventing reuse of  an initialization vector with a given key.  Since
successful re-authentication does not result in termination of the
session, accounting packets are not sent as a result of re-
authentication unless the status of the session changes. For example:

a.   The session is terminated due to re-authentication failure. In this
     case the Reauthentication Failure (20) termination cause is used.

b.   The authorizations are changed as a result of a successful re-
     authentication.  In this case, the Service Unavailable (15)
     termination cause is used. For accounting purposes, the portion of
     the session after the authorization change is treated as a separate
     session.

Where IEEE 802.1X authentication occurs prior to 802.11 association,
accounting packets are not sent until an association occurs.

An Admin Reset(6) termination cause indicates that the Port has been
administratively forced into the unauthorized state.

A Port Reinitialized (21) termination cause indicates that the Port's
MAC has been reinitialized.

A Port Administratively Disabled (22) termination cause indicates that
the Port has been administratively disabled.

2.2.  Acct-Multi-Session-Id

The purpose of this attribute is to make it possible to link together
multiple related sessions. While [IEEE8021X] does not act on aggregated
ports, it is possible for a Supplicant roaming between IEEE 802.11
Access Points to cause multiple RADIUS accounting packets to be sent by
different Access Points.




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Where supported by the Access Points, the Acct-Multi-Session-Id
attribute can be used to link together the multiple related sessions of
a roaming Supplicant.  In such a situation, if the session context is
transferred between access points, accounting packets MAY be sent
without a corresponding authentication and authorization exchange,
provided that an association has occurred.  However, in such a situation
it is assumed that the Acct-Multi-Session-Id is transferred between the
Access Points as part of the Inter-Access Point Protocol.

If the Acct-Multi-Session-Id were not unique between Access Points, then
it is possible that the chosen Acct-Multi-Session-Id might overlap with
an existing value allocated on that Access Point,  and the Accounting
Server would therefore be unable to distinguish a roaming session from a
multi- link session.

As a result, the Acct-Multi-Session-Id attribute is unique among all the
Access Points, Supplicants and sessions. In order to provide this
uniqueness, it is suggested that the Acct-Multi-Session-Id be of the
form:

Original Access-Point MAC Address | Supplicant MAC Address | NTP Timestamp

Here the original Access-Point MAC Address is the MAC address of the
Access Point at which the session started, and the 64-bit NTP timestamp
indicates the beginning of the original session. In order to provide for
consistency of the Acct-Multi-Session-Id between 802.11 roaming
sessions, the Acct-multi-session-id may be moved between Access Points
as part of an Inter-Access Point Protocol (IAPP), or predictive handoff
scheme.

The use of a Acct-Multi-Session-Id of this form guarantees uniqueness
among all Access Points, Supplicants and sessions. Since the NTP
timestamp does not wrap on reboot, there is no possibility that a
rebooted Access Point could choose an Acct-Multi-Session-Id that could
be confused with that of a previous session.

Since the Acct-Multi-Session-Id is of type String as defined in
[RFC2866], for use with IEEE 802.1X, it is encoded as an ASCII string of
Hex digits.  Example: "00-10-A4-23-19-C0-00-12-B2-14-23-DE-
AF-23-83-C0-76-B8-44-E8"

2.3.  Acct-Link-Count

Because [IEEE8021X] does not act on aggregated ports, this attribute is
not useful for [IEEE8021X] authenticators. However, in the future the
Acct-Link-Count attribute may be used to account for the number of ports
that have been aggregated.




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3.  RADIUS authentication

This section describes how attributes defined in
[RFC2865],[RFC2867],[RFC2868],[RFC2869],[RFC3162] and [RFC2869bis] are
used in IEEE 802.1X authentication.

3.1.  User-Name

In IEEE 802.1X, the Supplicant typically provides its identity via an
EAP-Response/Identity message.  Where available, the Supplicant identity
is included in the User-Name attribute, and included in the RADIUS
Access-Request and Access-Reply messages as specified in [RFC2865] and
[RFC2869bis].

Alternatively, where Service-Type=Call Check, the User-Name attribute
contains the Calling-Station-ID value, which is set to the Supplicant
MAC address.

3.2.  User-Password, CHAP-Password, CHAP-Challenge

Since IEEE 802.1X does not support PAP or CHAP authentication, the User-
Password, CHAP-Password or CHAP-Challenge attributes are not used by
IEEE 802.1X Authenticators acting as RADIUS clients.

3.3.  NAS-IP-Address, NAS-IPv6-Address

For use with IEEE 802.1X, the NAS-IP-Address contains the IPv4 address
of the bridge or Access Point acting as an Authenticator, and the NAS-
IPv6-Address contains the IPv6 address. If the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator
has more than one interface, it may be desirable to use a loopback
address for this purpose so that the Authenticator will still be
reachable even if one of the interfaces were to fail.

3.4.  NAS-Port

For use with IEEE 802.1X the NAS-Port will contain the port number of
the bridge, if this is available.  While an 802.11 Access Point does not
have physical ports, it does assign a unique "association ID" to every
mobile station upon a successful association exchange. As a result, for
an 802.11 Access Point, if the association exchange has been completed
prior to authentication, the NAS-Port attribute will contain the
association ID, which is a 16-bit unsigned integer.

3.5.  Service-Type

For use with IEEE 802.1X, only the Framed (2), Authenticate Only (8),
Call Check (10) and Packet-Reject (TBD) values have meaning.




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A Service-Type of Framed indicates that appropriate 802 framing should
be used for the connection. A Service-Type of Authenticate Only (8)
indicates that no authorization information needs to be returned in the
Access-Accept. As described in [RFC2865], a Service-Type of Call Check
is included in an Access-Request packet to request that the RADIUS
server accept or reject the connection attempt, typically based on the
Called-Station-ID (set to the bridge or Access Point MAC address) or
Calling-Station-ID attributes (set to the Supplicant MAC address). As
noted in [RFC2865] it is recommended that in this case the User-Name
attribute be given the value of Calling-Station-Id.  A Service-Type of
Packet-Reject is used in order to allow a RADIUS server to silently
discard an EAP packet and request that the switch or access point send
another one instead. This is described in [RFC2869bis], Section 2.2.

3.6.  Framed-Protocol

Since there is no value for 802 media, the Framed-Protocol attribute is
not used by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators.

3.7.  Framed-IP-Address, Framed-IP-Netmask

IEEE 802.1X does not provide a mechanism for IP address assignment.
Therefore the Framed-IP-Address and Framed-IP-Netmask attributes can
only be used by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators that support IP address
assignment mechanisms.  Typically this capability is supported by layer
3 devices.

3.8.  Framed-Routing

The Framed-Routing attribute indicates the routing method for the
Supplicant. It is therefore only relevant for IEEE 802.1X Authenticators
that act as layer 3 devices, and cannot be used by a bridge or Access
Point.

3.9.  Filter-ID

This attribute indicates the name of the filter list to be applied to
the Supplicant's session.  For use with an IEEE 802.1X Authenticator, it
may be used to indicate either layer 2 or layer 3 filters. Layer 3
filters are typically only supported on IEEE 802.1X Authenticators that
act as layer 3 devices.

3.10.  Framed-MTU

This attribute indicates the maximum size of an IP packet that may be
transmitted over the wire between the Supplicant and the Authenticator.
IEEE 802.1X Authenticators set this to the value corresponding to the
relevant 802 medium, and include it in the RADIUS Access-Request. For



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EAP over IEEE 802 media, the Framed-MTU values (which do not include
LLC/SNAP overhead) and maximum frame length values (not including the
preamble) are as follows:

                                     Maximum Frame
Media             Framed-MTU            Length
=========        ===============     ==============
Ethernet              1500              1522
802.3                 1500              1522
802.4                 8174              8193
802.5 (4 Mbps)        4528              4550
802.5 (16 Mbps)      18173             18200
802.5 (100 Mb/s)     18173             18200
802.6                 9191              9240
802.9a                1500              1518
802.11                2304              2346
802.12 (Ethernet)     1500              1518
802.12 (Token Ring)   4502              4528
FDDI                  4479              4500

3.11.  Framed-Compression

[IEEE8021X] does not include compression support. Therefore this
attribute is not understood by [IEEE8021X] Authenticators.

3.12.  Displayable messages

The Reply-Message attribute, defined in section 5.18 of [RFC2865],
indicates text which may be displayed to the user. This is similar in
concept to the EAP Notification Type, defined in [RFC2284].  As noted in
[RFC2869bis], Section 2.6.4, when sending a displayable message to an
[IEEE8021X] Authenticator, displayable messages are best sent within
EAP-Message/EAP-Request/Notification attribute(s), and not within Reply-
Message attribute(s).

3.13.  Callback-Number, Callback-ID

These attributes are not understood by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators.

3.14.  Framed-Route, Framed-IPv6-Route

The Framed-Route and Framed-IPv6-Route attributes provide routes that
are to be configured for the Supplicant. These attributes are therefore
only relevant for IEEE 802.1X Authenticators that act as layer 3
devices, and cannot be understood by a bridge or Access Point.






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3.15.  State, Class, Proxy-State

These attributes are used for the same purposes as described in
[RFC2865].

3.16.  Vendor-Specific

Vendor-specific attributes are used for the same purposes as described
in [RFC2865].  The MS-MPPE-Send-Key and MS-MPPE-Recv-Key attributes,
described in section 2.4 of [RFC2548], MAY be used to encrypt and
authenticate the RC4 EAPOL-Key descriptor [IEEE8021X, Section 7.6].
Examples of the derivation of the MS-MPPE-Send-Key and MS-MPPE-Recv-Key
attributes from the master key negotiated by an EAP method are given in
[RFC2716]. Details of the EAPOL-Key descriptor are provided in Section
4.

3.17.  Session-Timeout

When sent along in an Access-Accept without a Termination-Action
attribute or with a Termination-Action attribute set to Default, the
Session-Timeout attribute specifies the maximum number of seconds of
service provided prior to session termination.

When sent in an Access-Accept along with a Termination-Action value of
RADIUS-Request, the Session-Timeout attribute specifies the maximum
number of seconds of service provided prior to re-authentication. In
this case, the Session-Timeout attribute is used to load the
reAuthPeriod constant within the Reauthentication Timer state machine of
802.1X. When sent with a Termination-Action value of RADIUS-Request, a
Session-Timeout value of zero indicates the desire to perform another
authentication (possibly of a different type) immediately after the
first authentication has successfully completed.

As described in [RFC2869bis], when sent in an Access-Challenge, this
attribute represents the maximum number of seconds that an IEEE 802.1X
Authenticator should wait for an EAP-Response before retransmitting.  In
this case, the Session-Timeout attribute is used to load the suppTimeout
constant within the Backend state machine of IEEE 802.1X.

3.18.  Idle-Timeout

The Idle-Timeout attribute is described in [RFC2865]. For IEEE 802 media
other than 802.11 the media are always on. As a result the Idle-Timeout
attribute is typically only used with IEEE 802.11. It is possible for an
802.11 device to wander out of  range of all access points. In this
case, the Idle-Timeout attribute indicates the maximum time that an
802.11 device may remain idle.




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3.19.  Termination-Action

This attribute indicates what action should be taken when the service is
completed. The value RADIUS-Request(1) indicates that re-authentication
should occur on expiration of the Session-Time.  The value Default (0)
indicates that the session should terminate.

3.20.  Called-Station-Id

For IEEE 802.1X Authenticators, this attribute is used to store the
bridge or Access Point MAC address in ASCII format, with octet values
separated by a "-". Example: "00-10-A4-23-19-C0".  In IEEE 802.11, where
the SSID is known, it SHOULD be appended to the Access Point MAC
address, separated from the MAC address with a ":".  Example
"00-10-A4-23-19-C0:AP1".

3.21.  Calling-Station-Id

For IEEE 802.1X Authenticators, this attribute is used to store the
Supplicant MAC address in ASCII format, with octet values separated by a
"-". Example: "00-10-A4-23-19-C0".

3.22.  NAS-Identifier

This attribute contains a string identifying the IEEE 802.1X
Authenticator originating the Access-Request.

3.23.  NAS-Port-Type

For use with IEEE 802.1X, NAS-Port-Type values of Ethernet (15) Wireless
- IEEE 802.11 (19), Token Ring (20) and FDDI (21) may be used.

3.24.  Port-Limit

Because [IEEE8021X] does not act on aggregated ports, this attribute is
not useful for [IEEE8021X] authenticators. However, in the future the
Port-Limit attribute may be used to determine the maximum number of
ports that may be aggregated.

3.25.  Password-Retry

In IEEE 802.1X, the Authenticator always transitions to the HELD state
after an authentication failure. Thus this attribute does not make sense
for IEEE 802.1X.







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3.26.  Connect-Info

This attribute is sent by a bridge or Access Point to indicate the
nature of the Supplicant's connection. When sent in the Access-Request
it is recommended that this attribute contain information on the speed
of the Supplicant's connection. For 802.11, the following format is
recommended: "CONNECT 11Mbps 802.11b". If sent in the Accounting STOP,
this attribute may be used to summarize statistics relating to session
quality. For example, in IEEE 802.11, the Connect-Info attribute may
contain  information on the number of link layer retransmissions. The
exact format of this attribute is implementation specific.

3.27.  EAP-Message

Since IEEE 802.1X provides for encapsulation of EAP as described in
[RFC2284] and [IEEE8021X], the EAP-Message attribute defined in
[RFC2869bis] is used to encapsulate EAP packets for transmission from
the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator to the Authentication Server.

3.28.  Message-Authenticator

As noted in [RFC2869bis], the Message-Authenticator attribute MUST be
used to protect all packets containing an EAP-Message attribute.

3.29.  NAS-Port-Id

This attribute is used to identify the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator port
which authenticates the Supplicant.  The NAS-Port-Id differs from the
NAS-Port in that it is a string of variable length whereas the NAS-Port
is a 4 octet value.

3.30.  Framed-Pool, Framed-IPv6-Pool

IEEE 802.1X does not provide a mechanism for IP address assignment.
Therefore the Framed-Pool and Framed-IPv6-Pool attributes can only be
used by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators that support IP address assignment
mechanisms.  Typically this capability is supported by layer 3 devices.

3.31.  Tunnel attributes

Reference [RFC2868] defines RADIUS tunnel attributes used for
authentication and authorization, and [RFC2867] defines tunnel
attributes used for accounting. Where the IEEE 802.1X Authenticator
supports tunneling, a compulsory tunnel may be set up for the Supplicant
as a result of the authentication.

In particular, it may be desirable to allow a port to be placed into a
particular Virtual LAN (VLAN), defined in [IEEE8021Q], based on the



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result of the authentication. This can be used, for example, to allow a
wireless host to remain on the same VLAN as it moves within a campus
network.

The RADIUS server typically indicates the desired VLAN by including
tunnel attributes within the Access-Accept. However, the IEEE 802.1X
Authenticator may also provide a hint as to the VLAN to be assigned to
the Supplicant by including Tunnel attributes within the Access-Request.

For use in VLAN assignment, the following tunnel attributes are used:

Tunnel-Type=VLAN (13)
Tunnel-Medium-Type=802
Tunnel-Private-Group-ID=VLANID

Note that the VLANID is 12-bits, taking a value between 1 and 4094,
inclusive. Since the Tunnel-Private-Group-ID is of type String as
defined in [RFC2868], for use with IEEE 802.1X, the VLANID is encoded as
a string, rather than an integer.

When Tunnel attributes are sent, it is necessary to fill in the Tag
field. As noted in [RFC2868], section 3.1:

   The Tag field is one octet in length and is intended to provide a
   means of grouping attributes in the same packet which refer to the
   same tunnel.  Valid values for this field are 0x01 through 0x1F,
   inclusive.  If the Tag field is unused, it MUST be zero (0x00).

For use with Tunnel-Client-Endpoint, Tunnel-Server-Endpoint, Tunnel-
Private-Group-ID, Tunnel-Assignment-ID, Tunnel-Client-Auth-ID or Tunnel-
Server-Auth-ID attributes (but not Tunnel-Type, Tunnel-Medium-Type,
Tunnel-Password, or Tunnel-Preference), a tag field of greater than 0x1F
is interpreted as the first octet of the following field.

Unless alternative tunnel types are provided, (e.g. for IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators that may support tunneling but not VLANs), it is only
necessary for tunnel attributes to specify a single tunnel. As a result
where it is only desired to specify the VLANID, the tag field SHOULD be
set to zero (0x00) in all Tunnel attributes. Where alternative tunnel
types are to be provided, tag values between 0x01 and 0x1F SHOULD be
chosen.










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4.  RC4 EAPOL-Key frame

The RC4 EAPOL-Key frame is created and transmitted by the Authenticator
in order to provide media specific key information.  For example, within
802.11 the RC4 EAPOL-Key frame can be used to distribute
multicast/broadcast ("default") keys, or unicast ("key mapping") keys.
The "default" key is the same for all stations within a broadcast
domain.

The RC4 EAPOL-Key frame is not acknowledged and therefore the
Authenticator does not know whether the Supplicant has received it. If
it is lost, then the Supplicant and Authenticator will not have the same
keying material, and communication will fail. If this occurs, the
problem is typically addressed by re-running the authentication.

The RC4 EAPOL-Key frame is sent from the Authenticator to the Supplicant
in order to provision the "default" key, and subsequently in order to
refresh the "default" key. It may also be used to refresh the key-
mapping key. Note that rekey is typically only required with weak
ciphersuites such as WEP, defined in [IEEE80211].

Where keys are required, an EAP method that derives keys is typically
selected. Therefore the initial "key mapping" keys can be derived from
EAP keying material, without requiring the Authenticator to send an RC4
EAPOL-Key frame to the Supplicant. An example of how EAP keying material
can be derived and used is presented in [RFC2716].

While the RC4 EAPOL-Key frame is defined in [IEEE8021X], a more complete
description is provided on the next page.






















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 0                   1                   2                   3
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|    Version    |  Packet Type  |  Packet Body Length           |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     Type      |          Key  Length          |Replay Counter...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Replay Counter...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Replay Counter    |   Key IV...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key IV...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key IV...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key IV...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key IV...         |F| Key Index   |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key Signature...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key Signature...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key Signature...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key Signature...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|                             Key...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Version
   The Version field is one octet. For IEEE 802.1X it contains the value
   0x01.

Packet Type

   The Packet Type field is one octet, and determines the type of packet
   being transmitted. For an EAPOL-Key Descriptor, the Packet Type field
   contains 0x03.

Packet Body Length

   The Packet Body Length is two octets, and contains the length of the
   EAPOL-Key descriptor in octets, not including the Version, Packet
   Type and Packet Body Length fields.

Type




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   The Type field is a single octet. The Key descriptor is defined
   differently for each Type; this specification documents only the RC4
   Key Descriptor (Type = 0x01).

Key Length

   The Key Length field is two octets. If Packet Body Length = 44 + Key
   Length, then the Key Field contains the key in encrypted form, of
   length Key Length. This is 5 octets (40 bits) for WEP, and 13 octets
   (104 bits) for WEP-128. If Packet Body Length = 44, then the Key
   field is absent, and Key Length represents the number of least
   significant octets from the MS-MPPE-Send-Key attribute  [RFC2548] to
   be used as the keying material.  Note that the MS-MPPE-Send-Key and
   MS-MPPE-Recv-Key attributes are defined from the point of view of the
   Authenticator. From the Supplicant point of reference, the terms are
   reversed.  Thus the MS-MPPE-Recv-Key on the Supplicant corresponds to
   the MS-MPPE-Send-Key on the Authenticator, and the MS-MPPE-Send-Key
   on the Supplicant corresponds to the MS-MPPE-Recv-Key on the
   Authenticator.

Replay Counter

   The Replay Counter field is 8 octets. It does not repeat within the
   life of the keying material used to encrypt the Key field and compute
   the Key Signature field. A 64-bit NTP timestamp MAY be used as the
   Replay Counter.

Key IV

   The Key IV field is 16 octets and includes a 128-bit
   cryptographically random number.

F

   The Key flag (F) is a single bit, describing the type of key
   that is included in the Key field. Values are:

   0 = for broadcast (default key)
   1 = for unicast (key mapping key)

Key Index

   The Key Index is 7 bits.

Key Signature

   The Key Signature field is 16 octets. It contains an HMAC-MD5 message
   integrity check computed over the EAPOL-Key descriptor, starting from



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   the Version field, with the Key field filled in if present, but with
   the Key Signature field set to zero.  For the computation,  the 32
   octet (256 bit) MS-MPPE-Send-Key [RFC2548] is used as the HMAC-MD5
   key.

Key

   If Packet Body Length = 44 + Key Length, then the Key Field contains
   the key in encrypted form, of length Key Length.  If Packet Body
   Length = 44, then the Key field is absent, and the least significant
   Key Length octets from the MS-MPPE-Send-Key attribute is used as the
   keying material.  Where the Key field is encrypted using RC4, the RC4
   encryption key used to encrypt this field is formed by concatenating
   the 16 octet (128 bit) Key-IV field with the 32 octet MS-MPPE-Recv-
   Key attribute. This yields a 48 octet RC4 key (384 bits).

5.  Security considerations

Since this document describes the use of RADIUS for purposes of
authentication, authorization, and accounting in IEEE 802.1X-enabled
networks, it is vulnerable to all of the threats that are present in
other RADIUS applications. For a discussion of these threats, see
[RFC2607], [RFC2865], [RFC3162], and [RFC2869bis].

Vulnerabilities include:

Packet modification or forgery
Dictionary attacks
Known plaintext attacks
Replay
Outcome mismatches
802.11 integration
Key management issues

5.1.  Packet modification or forgery

RADIUS, defined in [RFC2865], does not require all Access-Requests to be
authenticated or integrity protected. However, IEEE 802.1X is based on
EAP, and as described in [RFC2869bis], Section 3.1:

   The Message-Authenticator attribute MUST be used to protect all
   Access-Request, Access-Challenge, Access-Accept, and Access-Reject
   packets containing an EAP-Message attribute.

As a result, when used with IEEE 802.1X, all RADIUS packets are
authenticated and integrity protected.





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5.2.  Dictionary attacks

As discussed in [RFC2869bis] Section 4.3.4, the RADIUS shared secret is
vulnerable to offline dictionary attack, based on capture of the
Response Authenticator or Message-Authenticator attribute.  In order to
decrease the level of vulnerability, [RFC2865], Section 3 recommends:

   The secret (password shared between the client and the RADIUS server)
   SHOULD be at least as large and unguessable as a well- chosen
   password.  It is preferred that the secret be at least 16 octets.

In addition, the risk of an offline dictionary attack can be further
mitigated by employing IPsec ESP with non-null transform in order to
encrypt the RADIUS conversation, as described in [RFC2869bis], Section
4.2.

5.3.  Known plaintext attacks

Since IEEE 802.1X is based on EAP, which does not support PAP, the
RADIUS User-Password attribute is not used to carry hidden user
passwords. The hiding mechanism utilizes MD5, defined in [RFC1321], in
order to generate a key stream based on the RADIUS shared secret and the
Request  Authenticator.  Where PAP is in use, it is possible to collect
key streams corresponding to a given Request Authenticator value, by
capturing RADIUS conversations corresponding to a PAP authentication
attempt using a known password. Since the User-Password is known, the
key stream corresponding to a given Request Authenticator can be
determined and stored.

The vulnerabilities are described in detail within [RFC2869bis], Section
4.3.5.  Even though IEEE 802.1X Authenticators do not support PAP
authentication, a security vulnerability can still exist where the same
RADIUS shared secret is used for hiding User-Password as well as other
attributes.  This can occur, for example, if the same RADIUS proxy
handles authentication requests for both IEEE 802.1X (which may hide the
Tunnel-Password, MS-MPPE-Send-Key and MS-MPPE-Recv-Key attributes) and
GPRS (which may hide the User-Password attribute).

The threat can be mitigated by protecting RADIUS with IPsec ESP with
non-null transform, as described in [RFC2869bis], Section 4.2.  In
addition, the same RADIUS shared secret MUST NOT used for both IEEE
802.1X authentication and PAP authentication.

5.4.  Replay

The RADIUS protocol provides only limited support for replay protection,
as described in [RFC2869bis], Section 4.3.6.  Replay protection for
RADIUS authentication and accounting can be provided by enabling IPsec



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replay protection with RADIUS, as described in [RFC2869bis], Section
4.2.

As with the Request Authenticator, for use with IEEE 802.1X
Authenticators, the Acct-Session-Id should be globally and temporally
unique.

5.5.  Outcome mismatches

[RFC2869bis], Section 2.6.2 discusses the issues that arise when the EAP
packet encapsulated (or in some cases, not encapsulated) in an EAP-
Message attribute does not agree with the RADIUS Packet Type.  For
example, an EAP Success packet might be encapsulated within an Access-
Reject, or an EAP Failure within an Access-Accept

As described in [RFC2869bis], to address the possible corner conditions
and ensure that access decisions made by IEEE 802.1X Authenticators
conform to the wishes of the RADIUS server, it is necessary for the
Authenticator to make the decision solely based on the authentication
result (Access-Accept/Reject) and not based on the contents of the EAP
packet encapsulated in one or more EAP-Message attributes, if one is
present at all.

5.6.  802.11 integration

[IEEE8021X] was developed for use on wired IEEE 802 networks such as
Ethernet, and therefore does not describe how to securely adapt IEEE
802.1X for use with 802.11. This is left to the enhanced security
specification under development within IEEE 802.11.

For example, [IEEE8021X] does not specify whether authentication occurs
prior to, or after, association, nor how the derived keys can be used to
integrity protect management frames. It also does not specify
ciphersuites addressing the vulnerabilities discovered in WEP, described
in [Berkeley], [Arbaugh], [Fluhrer], and [Stubbl].  [IEEE8021X] only
defines an authentication framework, leaving the definition of the
authentication methods to other documents, such as [RFC2716].

Since [IEEE8021X] does not address 802.11 integration issues,
implementors are strongly advised to consult the IEEE 802.11 enhanced
security specification for guidance on how to adapt IEEE 802.1X for use
with 802.11.  For example, it is likely that the IEEE 802.11 enhanced
security specification will define its own IEEE 802.11 key hierarchy as
well as new EAPOL-Key descriptors.







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5.7.  Key management issues

The EAPOL-Key descriptor described in Section 4 is likely to be
deprecated in the future, when the 802.11 enhanced security group
completes its work. Known security issues include:

[1]  Default key-only support. IEEE 802.1X enables the derivation of
     per-station unicast keys, known in [IEEE80211] as "key mapping
     keys." Keys used to encrypt multicast/broadcast traffic are known
     as "default keys". However, in some 802.11 implementations, the
     unicast keys derived as part of the EAP authentication process are
     used solely in order to encrypt, authenticate and integrity protect
     the EAPOL-Key descriptor, as described in Section 4. These
     implementations only support use of default keys (ordinarily only
     used with multicast/broadcast traffic) to secure all traffic,
     unicast or multicast/broadcast, resulting in inherent security
     weaknesses.

     Where per-station key-mapping keys (e.g. unicast keys) are
     unsupported, any station possessing the default key can decrypt
     traffic from other stations or impersonate them.  When used along
     with a weak cipher (e.g. WEP), implementations supporting only
     default keys provide more material for attacks such as those
     described in [Fluhrer] and [Stubbl].  If in addition the default
     key is not refreshed periodically, IEEE 802.1X dynamic key
     derivation provides little or no security benefit.  For an
     understanding of the issues with WEP, see [Berkeley], [Arbaugh],
     [Fluhrer], and [Stubbl].

[2]  Reuse of keying material. The EAPOL-Key descriptor specified in
     section 4 uses the same keying  material (MS-MPPE-Recv-Key) both to
     encrypt the Key field within the EAPOL-Key descriptor, as well as
     to encrypt data passed between the station and access point. Multi-
     purpose keying material is frowned upon, since multiple uses can
     leak information helpful to an attacker.

[3]  Weak algorithms. The algorithm used to encrypt the Key field within
     the EAPOL-Key descriptor is similar to the algorithm used in WEP,
     and as a result, shares some of the same weaknesses. As with WEP,
     the RC4 stream cipher is used to encrypt the key. As input to the
     RC4 engine, the IV and key are concatenated rather than being
     combined within a mixing function. As with WEP, the IV is not a
     counter, and therefore there is little protection against reuse.

As a result of these vulnerabilities, implementors intending to use the
EAPOL-Key descriptor described in this document are urged to consult the
802.11 enhanced security specification for a more secure alternative.
It is also advisable to consult the evolving literature on WEP



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vulnerabilities, in order to better understand the risks, as well as to
obtain guidance on setting an appropriate re-keying interval.

6.  IANA Considerations

This specification does not create any RADIUS attributes nor any new
number spaces for IANA administration. However, it does require
assignment of new values to existing RADIUS attributes. These include:

Attribute              Values Required
=========              ===============
NAS-Port-Type          Token-Ring (20), FDDI (21)
Tunnel-Type            VLAN (13)
Acct-Terminate-Cause   Supplicant Restart (19)
                       Reauthentication Failure (20)
                       Port Reinitialized (21)
                       Port Administratively Disabled (22)

7.  Normative references

[RFC1321]      Rivest, R., Dusse, S., "The MD5 Message-Digest
               Algorithm", RFC 1321, April 1992.

[RFC2119]      Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March, 1997.

[RFC2284]      Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., "PPP Extensible Authentication
               Protocol (EAP)", RFC 2284, March 1998.

[RFC2865]      Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson, W., Willens, S.,
               "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)",
               RFC 2865, June 2000.

[RFC2866]      Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.

[RFC2867]      Zorn, G., Mitton, D., Aboba, B., "RADIUS Accounting
               Modifications for Tunnel Protocol Support", RFC 2867,
               June 2000.

[RFC2868]      Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege,
               M., Goyret, I., "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol
               Support", RFC 2868, June 2000.

[RFC2869]      Rigney, C., Willats, W., Calhoun, P., "RADIUS
               Extensions", RFC 2869, June 2000.

[RFC3162]      Aboba, B., Zorn, G., Mitton, D.,"RADIUS and IPv6", RFC
               3162, August 2001.



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[RFC2869bis]   Aboba, B., Calhoun, P., "RADIUS Support for Extensible
               Authentication Protocol (EAP)", Internet draft (work in
               progress), draft-aboba-radius-rfc2869bis-11.txt, April
               2003.

[IEEE8021X]    IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:
               Port based Network Access Control, IEEE Std 802.1X-2001,
               June 2001.

8.  Informative references

[RFC2104]      Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., Canetti, R.,"HMAC: Keyed-
               Hashing for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February
               1997

[RFC2434]      Alvestrand, H. and T. Narten, "Guidelines for Writing an
               IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
               October 1998.

[RFC2548]      Zorn, G., "Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS Attributes",
               RFC 2548, March 1999.

[RFC2607]      Aboba, B., Vollbrecht, J., "Proxy Chaining and Policy
               Implementation in Roaming", RFC 2607, June 1999.

[RFC2716]      Aboba, B., Simon, D., "PPP EAP TLS Authentication
               Protocol", RFC 2716, October 1999.

[MD5Attack]    Dobbertin, H., "The Status of MD5 After a Recent Attack."
               CryptoBytes Vol.2 No.2, Summer 1996.

[IEEE802]      IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:
               Overview and Architecture, ANSI/IEEE Std 802, 1990.

[IEEE8021Q]    IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks:
               Draft Standard for Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks,
               P802.1Q, January 1998.

[IEEE8023]     ISO/IEC 8802-3 Information technology -
               Telecommunications and information exchange between
               systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Common
               specifications - Part 3:  Carrier Sense Multiple Access
               with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and
               Physical Layer Specifications, (also ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3-
               1996), 1996.

[IEEE80211]    Information technology - Telecommunications and
               information exchange between systems - Local and



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               metropolitan area networks - Specific Requirements Part
               11:  Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
               Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE Std.
               802.11-1999, 1999.

[Berkeley]     Borisov, N., Goldberg, I., Wagner, D., "Intercepting
               Mobile Communications: The Insecurity of 802.11", ACM
               SIGMOBILE, Seventh Annual International Conference on
               Mobile Computing and Networking, July 2001, Rome, Italy.

[Arbaugh]      Arbaugh, W., Shankar, N., Wan, J.Y.C., "Your 802.11
               Wireless Network has No Clothes", Department of Computer
               Science, University of Maryland, College Park, March
               2001.

[Fluhrer]      Fluhrer, S., Mantin, I., Shamir, A., "Weaknesses in the
               Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4", Eighth Annual Workshop
               on Selected Areas in Cryptography, Toronto, Canada,
               August 2001.

[Stubbl]       Stubblefield, A., Ioannidis, J., Rubin, A., "Using the
               Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir Attack to Break WEP", 2002
               NDSS Conference.




























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9.  Table of Attributes

The following table provides a guide to which attributes MAY be sent and
received as part of IEEE 802.1X authentication.  L3 denotes attributes
that require layer 3 capabilities, and thus may not be supported by all
Authenticators.  For each attribute, the reference provides the
definitive information on usage.

802.1X        #   Attribute
  X           1   User-Name [RFC2865]
              2   User-Password [RFC2865]
              3   CHAP-Password [RFC2865]
  X           4   NAS-IP-Address [RFC2865]
  X           5   NAS-Port [RFC2865]
  X           6   Service-Type [RFC2865]
              7   Framed-Protocol [RFC2865]
  L3          8   Framed-IP-Address [RFC2865]
  L3          9   Framed-IP-Netmask [RFC2865]
  L3         10   Framed-Routing [RFC2865]
  X          11   Filter-Id [RFC2865]
  X          12   Framed-MTU [RFC2865]
             13   Framed-Compression [RFC2865]
  L3         14   Login-IP-Host [RFC2865]
  L3         15   Login-Service [RFC2865]
  L3         16   Login-TCP-Port [RFC2865]
             18   Reply-Message [RFC2865]
             19   Callback-Number [RFC2865]
             20   Callback-Id [RFC2865]
  L3         22   Framed-Route [RFC2865]
  L3         23   Framed-IPX-Network [RFC2865]
  X          24   State [RFC2865]
  X          25   Class [RFC2865]
  X          26   Vendor-Specific [RFC2865]
  X          27   Session-Timeout [RFC2865]
  X          28   Idle-Timeout [RFC2865]
  X          29   Termination-Action [RFC2865]
  X          30   Called-Station-Id [RFC2865]
  X          31   Calling-Station-Id [RFC2865]
  X          32   NAS-Identifier [RFC2865]
  X          33   Proxy-State [RFC2865]
             34   Login-LAT-Service [RFC2865]
             35   Login-LAT-Node [RFC2865]
             36   Login-LAT-Group [RFC2865]
802.1X        #   Attribute







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802.1X        #   Attribute
  L3         37   Framed-AppleTalk-Link [RFC2865]
  L3         38   Framed-AppleTalk-Network [RFC2865]
  L3         39   Framed-AppleTalk-Zone [RFC2865]
  X          40   Acct-Status-Type [RFC2866]
  X          41   Acct-Delay-Time [RFC2866]
  X          42   Acct-Input-Octets [RFC2866]
  X          43   Acct-Output-Octets [RFC2866]
  X          44   Acct-Session-Id [RFC2866]
  X          45   Acct-Authentic [RFC2866]
  X          46   Acct-Session-Time [RFC2866]
  X          47   Acct-Input-Packets [RFC2866]
  X          48   Acct-Output-Packets [RFC2866]
  X          49   Acct-Terminate-Cause [RFC2866]
  X          50   Acct-Multi-Session-Id [RFC2866]
  A          51   Acct-Link-Count [RFC2866]
  X          52   Acct-Input-Gigawords [RFC2869]
  X          53   Acct-Output-Gigawords [RFC2869]
  X          55   Event-Timestamp [RFC2869]
             60   CHAP-Challenge [RFC2865]
  X          61   NAS-Port-Type [RFC2865]
  A          62   Port-Limit [RFC2865]
             63   Login-LAT-Port [RFC2865]
  X          64   Tunnel-Type [RFC2868]
  X          65   Tunnel-Medium-Type [RFC2868]
  L3         66   Tunnel-Client-Endpoint [RFC2868]
  L3         67   Tunnel-Server-Endpoint [RFC2868]
  L3         68   Acct-Tunnel-Connection [RFC2867]
  L3         69   Tunnel-Password [RFC2868]
             70   ARAP-Password [RFC2869]
             71   ARAP-Features [RFC2869]
             72   ARAP-Zone-Access [RFC2869]
             73   ARAP-Security [RFC2869]
             74   ARAP-Security-Data [RFC2869]
             75   Password-Retry [RFC2869]
             76   Prompt [RFC2869]
  X          77   Connect-Info [RFC2869]
  X          78   Configuration-Token [RFC2869]
  X          79   EAP-Message [RFC2869bis]
  X          80   Message-Authenticator [RFC2869bis]
  X          81   Tunnel-Private-Group-ID [RFC2868]
  L3         82   Tunnel-Assignment-ID [RFC2868]
  X          83   Tunnel-Preference [RFC2868]
             84   ARAP-Challenge-Response [RFC2869]
802.1X        #   Attribute






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802.1X        #   Attribute
  X          85   Acct-Interim-Interval [RFC2869]
  X          86   Acct-Tunnel-Packets-Lost [RFC2867]
  X          87   NAS-Port-Id [RFC2869]
  L3         88   Framed-Pool [RFC2869]
  L3         90   Tunnel-Client-Auth-ID [RFC2868]
  L3         91   Tunnel-Server-Auth-ID [RFC2868]
  X          95   NAS-IPv6-Address [RFC3162]
             96   Framed-Interface-Id [RFC3162]
  L3         97   Framed-IPv6-Prefix [RFC3162]
  L3         98   Login-IPv6-Host [RFC3162]
  L3         99   Framed-IPv6-Route [RFC3162]
  L3        100   Framed-IPv6-Pool [RFC3162]
802.1X        #   Attribute

Key
===
A         = Not currently supported, but may be used in future
X         = May be used with IEEE 802.1X authentication
L3        = Implemented only by Authenticators with Layer 3
            capabilities

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge Bob O'Hara of Informed Technology,
David Halasz of Cisco, Tim Moore, Sachin Seth and Ashwin Palekar of
Microsoft, Andrea Li, Albert Young and Dave Bagby of 3Com for
contributions to this document.

Authors' Addresses

Paul Congdon
Hewlett Packard Company
HP ProCurve Networking
8000 Foothills Blvd, M/S 5662
Roseville, CA  95747

Phone: +1 916 785 5753
Fax:   +1 916 785 8478
EMail: paul_congdon@hp.com

Bernard Aboba
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052

EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
Phone: +1 425 706 6605



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Fax:   +1 425 936 7329

Andrew Smith
Allegro Networks
6399 San Ignacio Ave.
San Jose, CA 95119

Fax: +1 415 345 1827
EMail: andrew@allegronetworks.com

John Roese
Enterasys

EMail: jjr@enterasys.com
Phone: +1 603 337 1506

Glen Zorn
Cisco Systems, Inc.
500 108th Avenue N.E., Suite 500
Bellevue, WA 98004

Phone: +1 425 438 8218
Fax:   +1 425 438 1848
EMail: gwz@cisco.com

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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
Director.





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Full Copyright Statement

Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
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Expiration Date

This memo is filed as <draft-congdon-radius-8021x-24.txt>,  and  expires
October 22, 2003.
























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