SIP Working Group                                           W. Marshall
Internet Draft                                          K. Ramakrishnan
Document: <draft-dcsgroup-sip-privacy-02.txt>                      AT&T

                                                              E. Miller
                                                             G. Russell
                                                              CableLabs

                                                               B. Beser
                                                            M. Mannette
                                                        K. Steinbrenner
                                                                   3Com

                                                                D. Oran
                                                           F. Andreasen
                                                                  Cisco

                                                             J. Pickens
                                                                  Com21

                                                            P. Lalwaney
                                                                  Nokia

                                                             J. Fellows
                                                               Motorola

                                                               D. Evans
                                                 Secure Cable Solutions

                                                               K. Kelly
                                                               NetSpeak

                                                             June, 2000


             SIP Extensions for Caller Identity and Privacy


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 [1].

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
   six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
   documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts
   as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in
   progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   The distribution of this memo is unlimited.  It is filed as <draft-
   dcsgroup-sip-privacy-02.txt>, and expires December 31, 2000. Please
   send comments to the authors.



1. Abstract

   This document describes two extensions to the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) [4]. The extensions allow callers and callees to
   maintain their privacy in an environment where one or more proxies
   serve as intermediaries which can provide the identity of the
   parties either directly or indirectly. The extensions allow the
   parties to be identified either by name or by type the latter of
   which can be used to identify some group of callers and callees.


2. Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [2].


3. Introduction

   In order for SIP to be a viable alternative to the current PSTN, SIP
   must support certain popular telephony services as well as some
   regulatory and public safety requirements. These include Calling
   Identity Delivery services, Calling Identity Delivery Blocking, as
   well as the ability to trace the originator of a call. While SIP can
   support each of these services independently, certain combinations
   cannot be supported. For example, a caller that wants to maintain
   privacy and consequently provides unintelligible information in the
   From header field will not be identifiable, e.g. for a return call
   or call trace, by entities more than a single hop away, since the
   contents of the From header cannot be modified. We note that this
   problem is not telephony specific but applies to other forms of
   session initiation as well. Furthermore, the issue of privacy in an
   IP environment is more complicated than in the PSTN, as the caller
   and callee will normally exchange IP traffic directly and IP address
   information itself may reveal some privacy. The issue of IP address
   privacy for both the caller and callee consequently needs to be
   addressed as well.

   In order to solve the above we assume an architecture as described
   in [5] , where a SIP User Agent is associated with a trusted proxy,
   and proxies in turn communicate with other proxies and user agents
   which may or may not be trusted. Calls utilizing the services of

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   this architecture must both be placed and received through the
   trusted proxy.

   This document defines two extensions to SIP that allow the calling
   and called party to be identified by a trusted intermediary while
   still being able to maintain their privacy. A new general header,
   Remote-Party-ID, identifies each party, and another new general
   header, Anonymity, defines the level of privacy requested by the
   party. The trusted intermediary verifies the Remote-Party-ID
   information supplied and ensures the privacy requested is provided
   when forwarding a message across an untrusted boundary.


4. Protocol Overview

   UACs that wish to use the extensions defined here MUST include a
   Proxy-Require header in the initial INVITE request containing the
   option tag "privacy". When such a UAC makes a call, it SHOULD
   include a Remote-Party-ID header in the initial INVITE request in
   order to identify the originator of the call. The Remote-Party-ID
   MUST contain a SIP-URL identifying the UAC and MAY contain a
   "display-name" for the UAC as well. Additionally, if privacy is
   desired, the UAC MUST include an Anonymity header, which can request
   one or more of URI, Name, and IP address privacy.

   When a proxy supporting this extension receives an INVITE from an
   untrusted entity, it looks for the presence of a Remote-Party-ID
   header. If one is found, the proxy determines if the previous hop
   was a UA the proxy serves. If so, the Remote-Party-ID information is
   verified and modified if needed. If the request instead came from
   another untrusted entity, the proxy either removes the Remote-Party-
   ID information or marks it as being untrusted. Alternatively, the
   proxy MAY reject the request, e.g. with a 403 or 407.

   Prior to forwarding the request to an untrusted entity, the proxy
   MUST look for the presence of an Anonymity header requesting
   privacy. If one is found, the privacy requested MUST be provided
   prior to forwarding the request. For URI and Name privacy, this
   involves encrypting and possibly removing information provided in
   the Remote-Party-ID. For IP Address privacy, it involves providing a
   level of indirection for signaling and media through an entity we
   refer to as an Anonymizer. The Anonymity header is removed as well.

   Once a UAS supporting this extension receives the INVITE, it can use
   the Remote-Party-ID information provided to identify the originator
   of the call, unless the originator had requested privacy. If the
   INVITE contained a Proxy-Require with an option tag of "privacy",
   the UAS SHOULD include a Remote-Party-ID identifying it in the first
   non-100 response. Irrespective, the UAS MUST include an Anonymity
   header if it desires any privacy.

   When a proxy supporting this extension receives a non-100 response
   to the initial INVITE, it looks for a Remote-Party-ID header field

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   and applies similar processing as for the initial INVITE with one
   difference. If the INVITE did not contain a Proxy-Require with an
   option tag of "privacy", the proxy MUST ensure that any privacy
   requested in the response is provided prior to forwarding it,
   irrespective of whether the previous hop is trusted or not.

   Finally, when the UAC receives the first non-100 response from the
   UAS, it can use Remote-Party-ID information provided to identify the
   terminating party, unless the terminator had requested privacy.



5. Header Field Definitions

   Table 1 below is an extension of tables 4 and 5 in [4] for the new
   headers defined here:


                      where  enc.  e-e  ACK  BYE  CAN  INV  OPT  REG
     Anonymity          g     n     h    -    -    -    o    -    -
     Remote-Party-ID    g     n     h    -    -    -    o    -    -

   Table 1: Summary of header fields.


   The headers can be used in an INVITE as well as any response to an
   INVITE.


5.1 Remote-Party-ID Header Field Definitions

   The Remote-Party-ID header field provides the identity of the remote
   party. At the called party it contains the identity of the caller,
   and at the calling party, it contains the translated identity of the
   called party. Remote-Party-ID is defined by the following ABNF [3]:

     Remote-Party-ID    = "Remote-Party-ID" ":" [display-name]
                                "<" addr-spec ">" *(";" rpi-token)

     rpi-token          = rpi-screen | rpi-type | other-rpi-token

     rpi-screen         = "rpi-screen" "=" ("no" | "yes" )

     rpi-type           = "rpi-type" "=" 1#token

     other-rpi-token    = token ["=" (token | quoted-string)]

   Furthermore, we define the value "private" for "other-user" in an
   "addr-spec", to indicate that the user part of an "addr-spec" is in
   a non-intelligible form. The syntax for "other-user" is therefore
   refined to:

     other-user         = token  | "private"

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   Comparisons follow the case-sensitivity rules defined by SIP [4].

   The "display-name" in Remote-Party-ID is a text string that
   identifies the name of the party. The "addr-spec" contains
   information identifying the party either in clear-text or encrypted
   form. In the latter case, the "user" part of the "addr-spec"
   contains the encrypted party information, whereas the "hostport"
   identifies the entity that can decrypt the information. Furthermore,
   an "other-user" value of "private" will then be present to indicate
   that the "addr-spec" is encrypted.

   The "rpi-screen" describes what verification the Remote-Party-ID
   information has undergone. The value "yes" (assumed by default)
   indicates the Remote-Party-ID was verified successfully by the proxy
   itself or the proxy received the INVITE from a trusted proxy with
   this indication. The value "no" indicates the Remote-Party-ID was
   either not verified successfully by the proxy or the proxy received
   the message from an untrusted entity.

   The "rpi-type" allows a group of users to be identified by some
   common denominator. The denominator(s) used as well as the semantics
   associated with these are a local issue and hence outside the scope
   of this document. One example use might be to define an "rpi-type"
   of "operator". An "operator" caller type might request special
   privileges, e.g. performing an emergency interrupt on a voice call,
   that the UA might not normally allow. Again, we purposely do not
   define any particular rpi-types or semantics here.

   Finally, the "other-rpi-token" parameter allows Remote-Party-ID to
   be extended.


5.2 Anonymity Header Field Definition

   The Anonymity header field allows an originating SIP user agent to
   indicate the degree of privacy that should be provided to its
   session.

   The ABNF for the proposed header field follows:

        Anonymity       = "Anonymity" ":"  1#privacy-tag
        privacy-tag     = "full" | "uri" | "name" | "ipaddr" | "off"

   Comparisons follow the case-sensitivity rules defined by SIP [4].

   If privacy is requested, it MUST be one or more of "full", "uri",
   "name", or "ipaddr". The value "off" indicates that no privacy is
   requested, and MUST be the only value if present.

   The value "uri" requests the party's identity not be provided to the
   destination. The value "name" requests the party's name not be
   provided.  The value "ipaddr" requests IP privacy such that the

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   other party does not learn the IP address of this party. The value
   "full" requests both URI, Name, and IP address privacy.

   It should be noted, that the header field allows both the
   originating and terminating user agent to indicate its desire for
   privacy.


6. Protocol Semantics

   Below, we provide the protocol semantics for a UAC, a UAS, and a
   proxy.

6.1 UAC Behavior

   When a UAC supporting this extension initiates a call through its
   trusted proxy, it SHOULD include a Remote-Party-ID header in the
   initial INVITE request in order to identify the originator of the
   call. The Remote-Party-ID header MUST at a minimum contain an "addr-
   spec" to uniquely identify the calling party. The "addr-spec" SHOULD
   be the same string as appears in the Request-URI for incoming call
   attempts. The Remote-Party-ID may optionally include a "display-
   name" and an "rpi-type". The "display-name" SHOULD be a name that
   the proxy has associated with the calling party, e.g. the
   subscribers full name. The "rpi-type" can be used as a convenience
   to identify some group of users.

   If the UAC desires privacy for the call, it MUST include an
   Anonymity header specifying the desired level of privacy, e.g. "uri"
   to maintain privacy of the "addr-spec". As honoring the privacy
   requested depends on the proxy, the UAC MUST furthermore include a
   Proxy-Require header with an option-tag of "privacy".

   If the UAC desires "name" or "full" privacy, the UAC MUST NOT reveal
   the originating subscriber's name in the "display-name" portion of
   the From header. This can be achieved by, e.g., not providing a
   "display-name" or setting the "display-name" to "anonymous".

   If the UAC desires "uri" or "full" privacy, the UAC MUST NOT reveal
   the originating subscriber's identity in the SIP-URL in the From
   header field.  The UAC SHOULD instead supply a cryptographically
   random identifier for the userinfo, and a non-identifying hostname,
   e.g. "localhost", for the hostport.

   If the UAC desires "ipaddr" or "full" privacy, the UAC MUST NOT base
   the Call-ID on the originator's IP address.

   The first non-100 response received by the UAC MAY also contain a
   Remote-Party-ID identifying the called party. If the Remote-Party-ID
   contains an "rpi-screen" parameter with a value of "no", the UAC
   SHOULD NOT trust the validity of the information provided.
   Otherwise, the UAC SHOULD use the information provided to identify
   the called-party rather than any information originally put in the

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   To header field. The "addr-spec" contained in this Remote-Party-ID
   can be used as the Request-URI by the UAC to initiate certain call
   control functions or subsequent calls that are required to reference
   the party reached. Examples of these include call transfer and
   repeat call.


6.2 UAS Behavior

   A UAS supporting this extension and receiving an INVITE from its
   trusted proxy looks for a Remote-Party-ID header field to identify
   the originator of the request. If the Remote-Party-ID contains an
   "rpi-screen" parameter with a value of "no", the UAS SHOULD NOT
   trust the validity of the information provided. Otherwise, the UAS
   SHOULD use the information provided to identify the caller rather
   than any information provided in the From header field.

   The "addr-spec" contained in the Remote-Party-ID received can be
   used as the Request-URI by the UAS to initiate certain call control
   functions or subsequent calls that are required to reference the
   party reached. Examples of these include call transfer and return
   call.

   If the initial INVITE contained a Proxy-Require header field with an
   option tag of "privacy", the UAS SHOULD insert a Remote-Party-ID
   header field identifying itself into the first non-100 response it
   sends. The rules for the Remote-Party-ID are similar to those for
   the initial INVITE for a UAC.

   Regardless of whether the UAS provides a Remote-Party-ID in the
   first non-100 response, the UAS MAY insert an Anonymity header in
   that response to request any desired called party privacy. It should
   be noted though, that the UAS can not depend on this privacy being
   honored, if the original INVITE did not contain a Proxy-Require with
   an option tag of "privacy".


6.3 Proxy Behavior

   When a proxy supporting this extension receives an INVITE from an
   untrusted entity, the proxy first determines if the request came
   from a UAC that it serves. If so, it examines the INVITE for the
   presence of a Remote-Party-ID header field. If a Remote-Party-ID
   header field is present, the information supplied is verified and,
   if needed, rewritten. The proxy MUST verify that the "addr-spec"
   provided is a valid "addr-spec" for that UAC; if not, the proxy MUST
   rewrite the "addr-spec" with a valid "addr-spec" for that UAC. If
   "display-name" is provided in Remote-Party-ID, the proxy MUST verify
   that the "display-name" is a valid string for the UAC; if not or if
   the "display-name" is omitted, the proxy MUST rewrite the "display-
   name" with a valid string for the UAC or remove the "display-name".
   Note, that the proxy does not check a "display-name" provided in the
   From header field. If "rpi-type" is provided, the proxy MUST verify

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   that the UAC is of the indicated "rpi-type"(s); if not, the proxy
   MUST remove the offending "rpi-type"(s) - this includes removing
   unrecognized "rpi-type"(s).

   If a Remote-Party-ID header was not present in the INVITE, but the
   proxy is able to identify the originating UAC anyway, the proxy
   inserts a Remote-Party-ID header with the correct information.

   If the request instead came from an untrusted entity, and it was not
   a UAC the proxy serves or the proxy is unable to identify the
   entity, the proxy MUST either remove any Remote-Party-ID header or
   add "rpi-screen=no" before the request is forwarded. Alternatively,
   the proxy MAY reject the request, e.g. with a 403 or 407.

   The proxy furthermore looks for the presence of an Anonymity header.
   If an Anonymity header is present and the next hop is trusted, the
   proxy MUST ensure that a Proxy-Require header with an option-tag of
   "privacy" is present.

   If the proxy forwards the request to an untrusted entity, and the
   Anonymity header is present, the proxy MUST remove the Anonymity
   header and ensure the privacy requested will be honored.

   For non IP-address privacy, the proxy MUST do the following: If the
   Anonymity header contains the value "full" or "uri", the proxy MUST
   replace the "addr-spec" in the Remote-Party-ID header in the initial
   INVITE with a private "addr-spec" and add a "user=private"
   parameter. If the Anonymity header contains the value "full" or
   "name", the proxy MUST delete the "display-name" in the Remote-
   Party-ID header field in the initial INVITE. To generate the user
   part of a private "addr-spec", the proxy MUST include (1) the
   initial "addr-spec", (2) the value of Anonymity, and (3) sufficient
   checksum information to prevent tampering by the untrusted party. It
   MAY contain any other information the proxy desires as well. This
   information MUST be encoded or encrypted such that the next hop is
   unable to discern the initial "addr-spec". It is RECOMMENDED that
   the string be encrypted with a symmetric privately-held key, and
   converted to a printable string using Base64 encoding. The proxy
   MUST identify itself in the hostname of the private "addr-spec".

   For IP-address privacy, the proxy MUST rewrite the request to ensure
   that the IP-address of the originating UAC will not be revealed.
   This implies that neither SIP signaling nor IP media streams are
   exchanged directly between the UAC and UAS. A level of indirection
   which we call an Anonymizer MUST be provided.

   Prior to forwarding the request, the proxy SHOULD remove any
   "privacy" option tag present in a Proxy-Require header field to
   prevent unnecessary failure of the request if downstream proxies do
   not support this extension.




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   When receiving the first non-100 response to the initial INVITE from
   an untrusted entity, the proxy first determines if the response came
   from a UAS that it serves.

   If it did, the proxy examines the response for the presence of a
   Remote-Party-ID and Anonymity header and applies similar processing
   as for an INVITE received from a UAC served by the proxy.
   Furthermore, if the original INVITE did not contain a Proxy-Require
   header field with an option tag of "privacy", the proxy can not
   determine if the previous hop supports the extension or not.
   Consequently, if the response contains a request for privacy, the
   privacy MUST be applied by this proxy, irrespective of whether the
   upstream hop is trusted or not.

   If the response came from an untrusted entity, and it was not a UAS
   the proxy serves, the proxy MUST either remove any Remote-Party-ID
   header provided or set "rpi-screen=no" before the response is
   forwarded upstream. The same action MUST be taken when the initial
   INVITE did not contain a Proxy-Require with an option tag of
   "private", irrespective of whether the downstream hop was trusted or
   not.



6.4 Additional proxy behavior

   A proxy supporting this extension SHOULD be prepared to receive a
   request containing a SIP-URL with a user parameter of "private". If
   the "hostport" part of the SIP-URL identifies the proxy handling the
   request, the proxy MUST decrypt the "user" portion of the SIP-URL
   and replace it with the decrypted SIP-URL that was contained in the
   "user" portion as well as any other information included, e.g.
   Anonymity. Note that the decrypted SIP-URL may itself contain a
   "private" SIP-URL. If the proxy is unable to decrypt and recover
   such a "private" SIP-URL, it MUST fail the request with a 4xx error
   code.



7 Example of Use

   In this Section, we will illustrate how the request for privacy may
   work in practice. It should be noted that the privacy service
   described can be implemented in a number of ways; we merely describe
   one possible solution in this section.

7.1 Basic Privacy Example

   The Figure below illustrates a basic privacy example scenario






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                +---------+             +--------+
     1: INVITE  | Proxy-o | 2: INVITE   | Proxy-t| 3: INVITE
       +------->|         |------------>|        |---------+
       |        +---------+             +--------+         |
       |                                                   |
       |                 trust boundary                    |
   . . |. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . | . . .
       |                                                   |
       |                                                   \/
   +------+                  RTP/RTCP                   +------+
   | UA-o |<------------------------------------------->| UA-t |
   +------+                                             +------+

                Figure 1 - Basic Privacy Example


   The originating user agent (UA-o) sends an INVITE (1) to Proxy-o
   where it identifies itself and requests URI and Name privacy. Since
   the From header field contains calling identity information, UA-o
   supplies a cryptographically random identifier for the user info,
   and a non-identifying hostname, e.g. "localhost" rather than its
   true identity:

        INVITE
        From:            sip:xyz@localhost
        Remote-Party-ID: "John Doe" <sip:jdoe@foo.com>
        Anonymity:       uri, name
        Proxy-Require:   privacy



   Proxy-o verifies the calling identity information before it sends
   INVITE (2) to Proxy-t, which in this case is trusted. Proxy-t
   examines the Anonymity header field included in the INVITE and sees
   that URI and Name privacy is requested. Proxy-t therefore removes
   the "display-name" from Remote-Party-ID, encrypts the "addr-spec"
   ID, puts the result in the "user" part, inserts itself as the "host"
   and adds a "user=private" parameter. Also, Proxy-t removes the
   Anonymity header:

        INVITE
        From:            sip:xyz@localhost
        Remote-Party-ID: <sip:e(<sip:jdoe@foo.com>)@proxy-t.foo.com;
                                                          user=private>
        Proxy-Require:   privacy


   UA-o notes the presence of the Remote-Party-ID, but since a
   "user=private" parameter is provided, it can only identify the
   calling party as private. UA-o decides to accept the call, and
   responds with a 180 Ringing. In this case, there is no request for
   Anonymity, so only the Remote-Party-ID of the called party is added:


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        180
        Remote-Party-ID: <sip:mdoe@foo.com>

   Proxy-t verifies the information provided and adds the omitted
   "display-name" to the Remote-Party-ID. Since no Anonymity was
   requested, proxy-t can provide the Remote-Party-ID information to
   proxy-o in clear:

        180
        Remote-Party-ID: "Mary Doe" <sip:mdoe@foo.com>

   Proxy-o forwards the response to UA-o as is.


   While this illustrates the basic operation of the service, there are
   additional issues that need to be considered. In SIP, there are
   several fields that can reveal the identity of the calling party,
   either in part or completely. Other protocols used, e.g. SDP and RTP
   may reveal identity information as well. A user agent wishing to not
   reveal its identity should consider each of these. Our next example
   looks more closely at this.



7.2 Full Privacy Example

   The second example we look at is one where full privacy is
   requested, i.e. both calling name and number privacy, as well as IP
   address privacy. The Figure below illustrates how IP address privacy
   can be achieved by inserting a trusted intermediary, an anonymizer,
   for the media streams between UA-o and UA-t.

                +---------+             +--------+
     1: INVITE  | Proxy-o | 2: INVITE   | Proxy-t| 3: INVITE
       +------->|         |------------>|        |----------+
       |        +---------+             +--------+          |
       |                  \           /                     |
       |                   \         /                      |
       |      SIP           +--------+           SIP        |
       | +----------------->| anony- |-------------------+  |
       | |          +------>|  mizer |--------+          |  |
       | |          |       +--------+        |          |  |
       | |          |                         |          |  |
       | |          |                         |          |  |
       | |          |     trust boundary      |          |  |
   . . |.|. . . . . | . . . . . . . . . . . . | . . .. . |..| . . .
       | |          |                         |          |  |
       | |          |                         |         \/ \/
   +------+ RTP/RTCP|                         |RTP/RTCP +------+
   | UA-o |<--------+                         +-------->| UA-t |
   +------+                                             +------+

                Figure 2 - Full Privacy Example

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   For all signaling and media exchange purposes, the anonymizer adds a
   level of indirection thereby hiding the IP address(es) of UA-o from
   UA-t. This indirection is used both for the media streams and SIP
   signaling, beyond the initial INVITE, exchanged directly between UA-
   o and UA-t.

   Also, the following commonly used header fields may reveal privacy
   information, which can be remedied as described:

  @ The From header field must not reveal any calling identity
     information in the SIP-URL. This can be remedied, e.g. by
     supplying a cryptographically random identifier for the userinfo,
     and a non-identifying hostname, e.g. "localhost". The "display-
     name" can either be omitted or provided as "anonymous".
  @ A Contact header field must be set to point to the anonymizer to
     prevent any direct signaling between UA-o and UA-t
  @ Via header fields identifying either UA-o or Proxy-o must be
     hidden, e.g. by encryption or simple stateful removal and re-
     insertion by Proxy-t.
  @ Call-ID should not be based on UA-o's IP-address

   Furthermore, when SDP is used to describe the media in the session,
   the session descriptions exchanged by the user agents need to be
   modified to direct the media streams to the anonymizer. The use of
   SDP fields revealing calling identity information needs to be
   considered as well. Similar concerns apply to the use of RTCP.


8. Security Considerations

   A user requesting complete privacy must still authenticate himself
   to the proxy, and therefore the SIP messages between the UA and the
   proxy MUST be protected.  Likewise, it is necessary that the proxies
   take precautions to protect the user identification information from
   eavesdropping and interception.  Use of IPSec between the UA and
   proxy as well as between proxies is recommended.


9. Notice Regarding Intellectual Property Rights

   AT&T may seek patent or other intellectual property protection for
   some or all of the technologies disclosed in the document. If any
   standards arising from this disclosure are or become protected by
   one or more patents assigned to AT&T, AT&T intends to disclose those
   patents and license them on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms.
   Future revisions of this draft may contain additional information
   regarding specific intellectual property protection sought or
   received.

   3COM may seek patent or other intellectual property protection for
   some or all of the technologies disclosed in the document. If any


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   standards arising from this disclosure are or become protected by
   one or more patents assigned to 3COM, 3COM intends to disclose those
   patents and license them on reasonable and non-discriminatory terms.
   Future revisions of this draft may contain additional information
   regarding specific intellectual property protection sought or
   received.

10. References


   1. Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP
      9, RFC 2026, October 1996.

   2  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997

   3  Crocker, D. and Overell, P.(Editors), "Augmented BNF for Syntax
      Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, Internet Mail Consortium and
      Demon Internet Ltd., November 1997

   4  M. Handley, H. Schulzrinne, E. Schooler, and J. Rosenberg,"SIP:
      session initiation protocol," Request for Comments (Proposed
      Standard) 2543, Internet Engineering Task Force, Mar. 1999.

   5  Marshall, W. et. al, "Architectural Considerations for Providing
      Carrier Class Telephony Services Utilizing SIP-based Distributed
      Call Control Mechanisms", Internet Draft, Internet Engineering
      Task Force, draft-dcsgroup-sip-arch-02, June 2000, Work In
      Progress



11. Acknowledgments

   The Distributed Call Signaling work in the PacketCable project is
   the work of a large number of people, representing many different
   companies.  The authors would like to recognize and thank the
   following for their assistance: John Wheeler, Motorola; David
   Boardman, Daniel Paul, Arris Interactive; Bill Blum, Jon Fellows,
   Jay Strater, Jeff Ollis, Clive Holborow, Motorola; Doug Newlin,
   Guido Schuster, Ikhlaq Sidhu, 3Com; Jiri Matousek, Bay Networks;
   Farzi Khazai, Nortel; John Chapman, Bill Guckel, Michael Ramalho,
   Cisco; Chuck Kalmanek, Doug Nortz, John Lawser, James Cheng, Tung-
   Hai Hsiao, Partho Mishra, AT&T; Telcordia Technologies; and Lucent
   Cable Communications.


12. Author's Addresses

   Bill Marshall
   AT&T
   Florham Park, NJ  07932
   Email: wtm@research.att.com

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   K. K. Ramakrishnan
   AT&T
   Florham Park, NJ  07932
   Email: kkrama@research.att.com

   Ed Miller
   CableLabs
   Louisville, CO  80027
   Email: E.Miller@Cablelabs.com

   Glenn Russell
   CableLabs
   Louisville, CO  80027
   Email: G.Russell@Cablelabs.com

   Burcak Beser
   3Com
   Rolling Meadows, IL  60008
   Email: Burcak_Beser@3com.com

   Mike Mannette
   3Com
   Rolling Meadows, IL  60008
   Email: Michael_Mannette@3com.com

   Kurt Steinbrenner
   3Com
   Rolling Meadows, IL  60008
   Email: Kurt_Steinbrenner@3com.com

   Dave Oran
   Cisco
   Acton, MA  01720
   Email: oran@cisco.com

   Flemming Andreasen
   Cisco
   Edison, NJ
   Email: fandreas@cisco.com

   John Pickens
   Com21
   San Jose, CA
   Email: jpickens@com21.com

   Poornima Lalwaney
   Nokia
   San Diego, CA  92121
   Email: poornima.lalwaney@nokia.com

   Jon Fellows
   Motorola

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   San Diego, CA  92121
   Email: jfellows@gi.com

   Doc Evans
   Secure Cable Solutions
   Westminster, CO  30120
   Email: drevans@securecable.com

   Keith Kelly
   NetSpeak
   Boca Raton, FL  33587
   Email: keith@netspeak.com










































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Full Copyright Statement

   "Copyright (C) The Internet Society (date). All Rights Reserved.
   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
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   are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
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   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
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   INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
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   Expiration Date This memo is filed as <draft-dcsgroup-sip-privacy-
   02.txt>, and expires December 31, 2000.




























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