Network Working Group S. Dhesikan
Internet-Draft Cisco
Intended status: Standards Track D. Druta, Ed.
Expires: May 31, 2013 ATT
P. Jones
J. Polk
Cisco
November 27, 2012
DSCP and other packet markings for RTCWeb QoS
draft-dhesikan-tsvwg-rtcweb-qos-00
Abstract
Many networks, such as service provider and enterprise networks, can
provide per packet treatments based on Differentiated Services Code
Points (DSCP) on a per hop basis. This document provides the
recommended DSCP values for browsers to use for various classes of
traffic.
Status of this Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on May 31, 2013.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
1. Introduction
Differentiated Services Code Points (DSCP)[RFC2474] style packet
marking can help provide QoS in some environments. There are many
use cases where such marking does not help, but it seldom makes
things worse if packets are marked appropriately. In other words,
when attempting to avoid congestion by marking certain traffic flows,
say all audio or all audio and video, marking too many audio and/or
video flows for a given network's capacity can prevent desirable
results. Either too much other traffic will be starved, or there is
not enough capacity for the preferentially marked packets (i.e.,
audio and/or video).
This draft proposes how a browser and other VoIP applications can
mark packets. This draft does not contradict or redefine any advice
from previous IETF RFCs but simply provides a simple set of
recommendations for implementors based on the previous RFCs.
There are some environments where priority markings frequently help.
These include:
1. If the congested link is the broadband uplink in a Cable or DSL
scenario, often residential routers/NAT support preferential
treatment based on DSCP.
2. If the congested link is a local WiFi network, marking may help.
3. In some cellular style deployments, markings may help in cases
where the network does not remove them.
Traditionally DSCP values have been thought of as being site
specific, with each site selecting its own code points for each QoS
level. However in the RTCWeb use cases, the browsers need to set
them to something when there is no site specific information. This
document describes a reasonable default set of DSCP code point values
drawn from existing RFCs and common usage. These code points are
solely defaults. Future drafts may define mechanisms for site
specific mappings to override the values provided in this draft.
This draft defines some inputs that the browser can look at to
determine how to set the various packet markings and defines the a
mapping from abstract QoS policies (media type, priority level) to
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those packet markings.
2. Relation to Other Standards
This specification does not change or override the advice in any
other standards about setting packet markings. It simply provides a
non-normative summary of them and provides the context of how they
relate into the RTCWeb context. This document also specifies the
requirements for the W3C WebRTC API to understand what it needs to
control, and how the control splits between things the JavaScript
application running in the browser can control and things the browser
needs to control. In some cases, such as DSCP where the normative
RFC leaves open multiple options to choose from, this clarifies which
choice should be used in the RTCWeb context.
3. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
4. Inputs
The first input is the type of the media. The browser provides this
input as it knows if the media is audio, video, or data. In this
specification, both interactive and streaming media is included.
They are treated in different categories as their QoS requirements
are slightly different. The second input is the relative treatment
of the stream within that session. Many applications have multiple
video streams and often some are more important than others.
JavaScript applications can tell the browser whether a particular
media stream is high, medium, or low importance to the application.
5. DSCP Mappings
Below is a table of DSCP markings for each media type RTCWeb is
interested in. These DSCPs for each media type listed are a
reasonable default set of code point values taken from [RFC4594]. A
web browser SHOULD use these values to mark the appropriate media
packets. More information on EF can be found in [RFC3246]. More
information on AF can be found in [RFC2597].
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+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Media Type | Low | Medium | High |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Audio | 46 (EF) | 46 (EF) | 46 (EF) |
| Interactive Video | 38 (AF43) | 36 (AF42) | 34 (AF41) |
| Non-Interactive Video | 26 (AF33) | 28 (AF32) | 30 (AF31) |
| Data | 8 (CS1) | 0 (BE) | 10 (AF11) |
+-----------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Table 1
6. QCI Mapping
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
| Media Type | Low | Medium | High |
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
| Audio | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Interactive Video | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Non-Interactive Video | 8 | 6 | 4 |
| Data | 9 | 9 | 3 |
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
Table 2
This corresponds to the mapping provided in TODO REF which are: QCI
values (LTE)
+-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+
| Value | | | Use |
+-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+
| 1 | GBR | 2 | Interactive Voice |
| 2 | GBR | 4 | Interactive Video |
| 3 | GBR | 5 | Non-Interactive Video |
| 4 | GBR | 3 | Real Time Gaming |
| 5 | Non-BG | R 1 | IMS Signaling |
| 6 | Non-BG | R 7 | interactive Voice, video, games |
| 7-9 | Non-BG | R 6 | non interactive video / TCP web, email, / |
| | | | Platinum vs gold user |
+-------+--------+-----+--------------------------------------------+
Table 3
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7. WiFI Mapping
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
| Media Type | Low | Medium | High |
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
| Audio | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Interactive Video | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Non-Interactive Video | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Data | 1 | 0 | 3 |
+-----------------------+-----+--------+------+
Table 4
This corresponds to the mappings from TODO REF of
+-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+
| Value | | Traffic Type | Access Category | Designation |
| | | | (AC) | |
+-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+
| 1 | BK | Background | AC_BK | Background |
| 2 | - | (spare) | AC_BK | Background |
| 0 | BE | Best Effort | AC_BE | Best Effort |
| 3 | EE | Excellent Effort | AC_BE | Best Effort |
| 4 | CL | Controlled Load | AC_VI | Video |
| 5 | VI | Video | AC_VI | Video |
| 6 | VO | Voice | AC_VO | Voice |
| 7 | NC | Network Control | AC_VO | Voice |
+-------+----+------------------+---------------------+-------------+
Table 5
8. W3C API Implications
To work with this proposal, the W3C specification SHOULD provide a
way to specify the importance of media and data streams.
The W3C API SHOULD also provide a way for the application to find out
the source and destination IP and ports of any flow as well as the
DSCP value or other markings in use for that flow. The JavaScript
application can then communicate this to a web service that may
install a particular policy for that flow.
The W3C API SHOULD NOT provide a way for the JavaScript to
arbitrarily set the marketing to any value of the JavaScript choosing
as this reduces the security provided by the browser knowing the
media type.
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9. Security Considerations
TODO - discuss implications of what browser can set and what
JavaScript can set
10. IANA Considerations
This specification does not require any actions from IANA.
11. Downward References
This specification contains a downwards reference to [RFC4594]
however the parts of that RFC used by this specificaiton are
suffenteintly stable for this donward reference.
12. Acknowledgements
Cullen Jennings was one of the authors of this text in the original
individual submission but was unceremoniously kicked off by the
chairs when it became a WG version. Thanks for hints on code to do
this from Paolo Severini, Jim Hasselbrook, Joe Marcus, and Erik
Nordmark.
13. Document History
Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section.
This document was originally an individual submission in RTCWeb WG.
The RTCWeb working group selected it to be become a WG document.
Later the transport ADs requested that this be moved to the TSVWG WG
as that seemed to be a better match. This document is now being
submitted as individual submission to the TSVWG with the hope that WG
will select it as a WG draft and move it forward to an RFC.
14. Appendix: Code Hints
On windows setting the source interface works but BSD, OSX, Linux use
weak end-system model and will route out different interface if that
looks like a better route. (TODO - Can someone verify this with
specific versions?)
In windows you might be able to tell something about priority of an
interface for ICE purposes with WlanQueryInterface or GetIfTable.
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The specific mechanisms required to set DSCP code points depend on
the application platform.
In windows, setting the DSCP is not easy. See Knowledge Base Article
KB248611. TODO - add more information about what can be done for
windows.
For most unix variants, the following program can set DSCP.
TODO - make this work in V6. For v6 have a look at IPv6_TCLASS or
better the tclass part of sin6_flowid for IPv6
TODO - Can someone test and report back results of program in iOS,
Android, Linux, OSX, BSD.
Example test program:
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MSG "Hello, World!"
int
main(void) {
int sock = -1;
struct sockaddr *local_addr = NULL;
struct sockaddr_in sockin, host;
int tos = 0x60; /* CS3 */
socklen_t socksiz = 0;
char *buffer = NULL;
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (sock < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(-1);
}
memset(&sockin, 0, sizeof(sockin));
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sockin.sin_family = PF_INET;
sockin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("11.1.1.1");
socksiz = sizeof(sockin);
local_addr = (struct sockaddr *) &sockin;
/* Set ToS/DSCP */
if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, &tos,
sizeof(tos)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error setting TOS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
/* Bind to a specific local address */
if (bind(sock, local_addr, socksiz) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error binding to socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
close(sock); sock=-1;
exit(-1);
}
buffer = (char *) malloc(strlen(MSG) + 1);
if ( buffer == NULL ) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error allocating memory: %s\n", strerror(errno));
close( sock ); sock=-1;
exit(-1);
}
strlcpy(buffer, MSG, strlen(MSG) + 1);
memset(&host, 0, sizeof(host));
host.sin_family = PF_INET;
host.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("10.1.1.1");
host.sin_port = htons(12345);
if (sendto(sock, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0,
(struct sockaddr *) &host, sizeof(host)) < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"Error sending message: %s\n", strerror(errno));
close(sock); sock=-1;
free(buffer); buffer=NULL;
exit(-1);
}
free(buffer); buffer=NULL;
close(sock); sock=-1;
return 0;
}
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15. References
15.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC4594] Babiarz, J., Chan, K., and F. Baker, "Configuration
Guidelines for DiffServ Service Classes", RFC 4594,
August 2006.
15.2. Informative References
[RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
"Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS
Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
December 1998.
[RFC2597] Heinanen, J., Baker, F., Weiss, W., and J. Wroclawski,
"Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, June 1999.
[RFC3246] Davie, B., Charny, A., Bennet, J., Benson, K., Le Boudec,
J., Courtney, W., Davari, S., Firoiu, V., and D.
Stiliadis, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB (Per-Hop
Behavior)", RFC 3246, March 2002.
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Authors' Addresses
Subha Dhesikan
Cisco
Email: sdhesika@cisco.com
Dan Druta (editor)
ATT
Email: dd5826@att.com
Paul Jones
Cisco
Email: paulej@packetizer.com
James Polk
Cisco
Email: jmpolk@cisco.com
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