Network Working Group M. Cotton Internet-Draft ICANN Obsoletes: 3330 (if approved) May 28, 2008 Intended status: BCP Expires: November 29, 2008 Special Use IPv4 Addresses draft-iana-rfc3330bis-01 Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on November 29, 2008. Abstract This document describes the global and other specialized IPv4 address blocks that have been assigned by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). It does not address IPv4 address space assigned to operators and users through the Regional Internet Registries. It also does not address allocations or assignments of IPv6 addresses or autonomous system numbers. Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Summary Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses . . . . . . 6 6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 9 Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 1. Introduction Throughout its entire history, the Internet has employed a central Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) responsible for the allocation and assignment of various identifiers needed for the operation of the Internet [[RFC1174]]. In the case of the IPv4 address space, the IANA allocates parts of the address space to Regional Internet Registries according to their established needs. These Regional Internet Registries are responsible for the assignment of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions. Minor portions of the IPv4 address space have been allocated or assigned directly by the IANA for global or other specialized purposes. These allocations and assignments have been documented in a variety of RFCs and other documents. This document is intended to collect these scattered references. On an ongoing basis, the IANA has been designated by the IETF to make assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process [[RFC2860]]. Section 4 of this document describes that assignment process. The terms "Specification Required", "Expert Review", "IESG Approval", "IETF Consensus", and "Standards Action", are used in this memo to refer to the processes described in [RFC5226]. The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, MAY, OPTIONAL, REQUIRED, RECOMMENDED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT are to be interpreted as defined in [RFC2119]. 2. Terminology The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, [RFC2119]. 3. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks 0.0.0.0/8 - Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this" network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to refer to specified hosts on this network [[RFC1700], page 4]. 10.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [[RFC1918]]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet. 14.0.0.0/8 - This block was set aside for assignments to the Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 international system of Public Data Networks [[RFC1700], page 181]. All the assignments made for this purpose were reclaimed by the IANA And this block therefore no longer has a special use and is subject to allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 24.0.0.0/8 - This block was allocated in early 1996 for use in provisioning IP service over cable television systems. Although the IANA initially was involved in making assignments to cable operators, this responsibility was transferred to American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) in May 2001. Addresses within this block are assigned in the normal manner and should be treated as such. 39.0.0.0/8 - This block was used in the "Class A Subnet Experiment" that commenced in May 1995, as documented in [[RFC1797]]. The experiment has been completed and this block has been returned to the pool of addresses reserved for future allocation or assignment. This block therefore no longer has a special use and is subject to allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback, but no addresses within this block should ever appear on any network anywhere [[RFC1700], page 5]. 128.0.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class B addresses, was initially reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation by a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 169.254.0.0/16 - This is the "link local" block. It is allocated for communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these addresses by auto-configuration, such as when a DHCP server may not be found. 172.16.0.0/12 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [[RFC1918]]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet. 191.255.0.0/16 - This block, corresponding to the numerically highest to the former Class B addresses, was initially reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 subject to future allocation by a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 192.0.0.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically lowest of the former Class C addresses, was initially reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation by a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 192.0.2.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet. 192.88.99.0/24 - This block is allocated for use as 6to4 relay anycast addresses, according to [[RFC3068]]. 192.168.0.0/16 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [[RFC1918]]. Addresses within this block should not appear on the public Internet. 198.18.0.0/15 - This block has been allocated for use in benchmark tests of network interconnect devices. Its use is documented in [[RFC2544]]. 223.255.255.0/24 - This block, corresponding to the numerically highest of the former Class C addresses, was initially reserved by the IANA. Given the present classless nature of the IP address space, the basis for the reservation no longer applies and addresses in this block are subject to future allocation to a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner. 224.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class D address space, is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments. The IANA guidelines for assignments from this space are described in [[RFC3171]]. 240.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class E address space, is reserved. The "limited broadcast" destination address 255.255.255.255 should never be forwarded outside the (sub-)net of the source. The remainder of this space is reserved for future use. [[RFC1700], page 4] Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 4. Summary Table Address Block Present Use Reference ------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network RFC1700, page 4 10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks RFC1918 14.0.0.0/8 Subject to allocation 24.0.0.0/8 Cable Television Networks 39.0.0.0/8 Subject to allocation 127.0.0.0/8 Loopback RFC1700, page 5 128.0.0.0/16 Subject to assignment 169.254.0.0/16 Link Local -- 172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks RFC1918 191.255.0.0/16 Subject to allocation -- 192.0.0.0/24 Subject to allocation -- 192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net 192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast RFC3068 192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks RFC1918 198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing RFC2544 223.255.255.0/24 Subject to allocation -- 224.0.0.0/4 Multicast RFC3171 240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use RFC1700, page 4 5. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses The IANA has responsibility for making assignments of protocol parameters used in the Internet according to the requirements of the "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" [[RFC2860]]. Among other things, [[RFC2860]] requires that protocol parameters be assigned according to the criteria and procedures specified in RFCs, including Proposed, Draft, and full Internet Standards and Best Current Practice documents, and any other RFC that calls for IANA assignment. The domain name and IP address spaces involve policy issues (in addition to technical issues) so that the requirements of [[RFC2860]] do not apply generally to those spaces. Nonetheless, the IANA is responsible for ensuring assignments of IPv4 addresses as needed in support of the Internet Standards Process. When a portion of the IPv4 address space is specifically required by an RFC, the technical requirements (e.g., size, prefix length) for the portion should be described [[RFC5226]]. Immediately before the RFC is published, the IANA will, in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries, Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 make the necessary assignment and notify the RFC Editor of the particulars for inclusion in the RFC as published. As required by [[RFC2860]], the IANA will also make necessary experimental assignments of IPv4 addresses, also in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries. 6. IANA Considerations This document describes the IANA's past and current practices and does not create any new requirements for assignments or allocations by the IANA. 7. Security Considerations The particular assigned values of special-use IPv4 addresses cataloged in this document do not directly raise security issues. However, the Internet does not inherently protect against abuse of these addresses; if you expect (for instance) that all packets from the 10.0.0.0/8 block originate within your subnet, all border routers should filter such packets that originate from elsewhere. Attacks have been mounted that depend on the unexpected use of some of these addresses. 8. Acknowledgments Many people have made comments on draft versions of this document. The IANA would especially like to thank Scott Bradner, Randy Bush, Leo Vegoda, and Harald Alvestrand for their constructive feedback and comments. 9. References 9.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 9.2. Informative References [RFC1174] Cerf, V., "IAB recommended policy on distributing internet identifier assignment and IAB recommended policy change to internet "connected" status", RFC 1174, August 1990. Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700, October 1994. [RFC1797] Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), "Class A Subnet Experiment", RFC 1797, April 1995. [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. [RFC2050] Hubbard, K., Kosters, M., Conrad, D., Karrenberg, D., and J. Postel, "INTERNET REGISTRY IP ALLOCATION GUIDELINES", BCP 12, RFC 2050, November 1996. [RFC2544] Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999. [RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000. [RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers", RFC 3068, June 2001. [RFC3171] Albanna, Z., Almeroth, K., Meyer, D., and M. Schipper, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 3171, August 2001. [RFC3232] Reynolds, J., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database", RFC 3232, January 2002. [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. Author's Address Michelle Cotton Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey 90292 United States Phone: +310-823-9358 Email: michelle.cotton@icann.org URI: http://www.iana.org/ Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft IPv4 Multicast Guidelines May 2008 Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Intellectual Property The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be found in BCP 78 and BCP 79. Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at http://www.ietf.org/ipr. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-ipr@ietf.org. Cotton Expires November 29, 2008 [Page 9]
