Network Working Group M. Cotton Internet-Draft L. Vegoda Obsoletes: 3330 (if approved) ICANN Intended status: Informational February 24, 2009 Expires: August 28, 2009 Special Use IPv4 Addresses draft-iana-rfc3330bis-06 Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt. The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. This Internet-Draft will expire on August 28, 2009. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info). Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Abstract This document obsoletes RFC 3330. It describes the global and other specialized IPv4 address blocks that have been assigned by the Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). It does not address IPv4 address space assigned to operators and users through the Regional Internet Registries. It also does not address allocations or assignments of IPv6 addresses or autonomous system numbers. Special IPv6 addresses are described in RFC 5156. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. Differences between this document and RFC 3330 . . . . . . . . 3 4. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Summary Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses . . . . . . 6 7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 1. Introduction Throughout its history, the Internet has employed a central Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) responsible for the allocation and assignment of various identifiers needed for the operation of the Internet [RFC1174]. In the case of the IPv4 address space, the IANA allocates parts of the address space to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) according to their established needs. These RIRs are responsible for the registration of IPv4 addresses to operators and users of the Internet within their regions. On an ongoing basis, the IANA has been designated by the IETF to make assignments in support of the Internet Standards Process [RFC2860]. Section 5 of this document describes that assignment process. Small portions of the IPv4 address space have been allocated or assigned directly by the IANA for global or other specialized purposes. These allocations and assignments have been documented in a variety of RFCs and other documents. This document is intended to collect these scattered references and provide a current list of special use IPv4 addresses. This document is a revision of RFC 3330 [RFC3330], which it obsoletes; its primary purpose is to re-publish the technical content of RFC 3330 mostly unchanged as an Informational RFC. 2. Terminology The terms "Specification Required", "Expert Review", "IESG Approval", "IETF Review", and "Standards Action", are used in this memo to refer to the processes described in [RFC5226]. The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14, [RFC2119]. 3. Differences between this document and RFC 3330 Address blocks that were reserved for a special purpose in RFC 3330 but are no longer reserved for any special purpose and are available for allocation are no longer listed in Sections 4 or 5. The following blocks have become available: - 14.0.0.0/8 is no longer set aside for assignments to the international system of Public Data Networks [RFC1700], page 181. It is now available for allocation to RIRs in the normal way; Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 - 24.0.0.0/8 is no longer listed as the addresses in that block have been managed by the American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) in the normal way since 2001; - 39.0.0.0/8 is no longer listed as it has been subject to allocation to an RIR for assignment in the normal manner since 2001; - 128.0.0.0/16 is not reserved and is subject to future allocation by a Regional Internet Registry for assignment in the normal manner; - 191.255.0.0/16 is not reserved and is subject to future allocation by a RIR for assignment in the normal manner; and - 223.255.255.0/24 is not reserved and is subject to future allocation by an RIR for assignment in the normal manner. 4. Global and Other Specialized Address Blocks 0.0.0.0/8 - Addresses in this block refer to source hosts on "this" network. Address 0.0.0.0/32 may be used as a source address for this host on this network; other addresses within 0.0.0.0/8 may be used to refer to specified hosts on this network [RFC1122], page 30. 10.0.0.0/8 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block SHOULD NOT appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 127.0.0.0/8 - This block is assigned for use as the Internet host loopback address. A datagram sent by a higher level protocol to an address anywhere within this block should loop back inside the host. This is ordinarily implemented using only 127.0.0.1/32 for loopback, and addresses within this block SHOULD NOT appear on any network anywhere [RFC1122], page 31. 169.254.0.0/16 - This is the "link local" block. As described in [RFC3927], it is allocated for communication between hosts on a single link. Hosts obtain these addresses by auto-configuration, such as when a DHCP server cannot be found. 172.16.0.0/12 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block SHOULD NOT appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 192.0.0.0/24 - This block is reserved for IETF protocol assignments. Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 192.0.2.0/24 - This block is assigned as "TEST-NET" for use in documentation and example code. It is often used in conjunction with domain names example.com or example.net in vendor and protocol documentation. Addresses within this block SHOULD NOT appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 192.88.99.0/24 - This block is allocated for use as 6to4 relay anycast addresses, according to [RFC3068]. 192.168.0.0/16 - This block is set aside for use in private networks. Its intended use is documented in [RFC1918]. Addresses within this block SHOULD NOT appear on the public Internet and can be used without any coordination with IANA or an Internet registry. 198.18.0.0/15 - This block has been allocated for use in benchmark tests of network interconnect devices. [RFC2544] explains that this range was assigned to minimize the chance of conflict in case a testing device were to be accidentally connected to part of the Internet. Packets with source addresses from this range are not meant to be forwarded across the Internet. 224.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class D address space, is allocated for use in IPv4 multicast address assignments. The IANA guidelines for assignments from this space are described in [RFC3171]. 240.0.0.0/4 - This block, formerly known as the Class E address space, is reserved. The "limited broadcast" destination address 255.255.255.255 SHOULD NOT be forwarded outside the local network of the source. The remainder of this space is reserved for future use. See [RFC1112], page 2. Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 5. Summary Table Address Block Present Use Reference ------------------------------------------------------------------ 0.0.0.0/8 "This" Network RFC 1122, page 30 10.0.0.0/8 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 127.0.0.0/8 Loopback RFC 1122, page 31 169.254.0.0/16 Link Local RFC 3927 172.16.0.0/12 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 192.0.0.0/24 IETF Protocol Assignments 192.0.2.0/24 Test-Net 192.88.99.0/24 6to4 Relay Anycast RFC 3068 192.168.0.0/16 Private-Use Networks RFC 1918 198.18.0.0/15 Network Interconnect Device Benchmark Testing RFC 2544 224.0.0.0/4 Multicast RFC 3171 240.0.0.0/4 Reserved for Future Use RFC 1112, page 2 6. Assignments of IPv4 Blocks for New Specialized Uses The IANA has responsibility for making assignments of protocol parameters used in the Internet according to the requirements of the "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority" [RFC2860]. Among other things, [RFC2860] requires that protocol parameters be assigned according to the criteria and procedures specified in RFCs, including Proposed, Draft, and full Internet Standards and Best Current Practice documents, and any other RFC that calls for IANA assignment. The domain name and IP address spaces involve policy issues (in addition to technical issues) so that the requirements of [RFC2860] do not apply generally to those spaces. Nonetheless, the IANA is responsible for ensuring assignments of IPv4 addresses as needed in support of the Internet Standards Process. When a portion of the IPv4 address space is specifically required by an RFC, the technical requirements (e.g., size, prefix length) for the portion should be described [RFC5226]. Immediately before the RFC is published, the IANA will, in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries, make the necessary assignment and notify the RFC Editor of the particulars for inclusion in the RFC as published. As required by [RFC2860], the IANA will also make necessary experimental assignments of IPv4 addresses, also in consultation with the Regional Internet Registries. Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 7. IANA Considerations This document describes the IANA's past and current practices and does not create any new requirements for assignments or allocations by the IANA. 8. Security Considerations The particular assigned values of special-use IPv4 addresses cataloged in this document do not directly raise security issues. However, the Internet does not inherently protect against abuse of these addresses; if you expect (for instance) that all packets from the 10.0.0.0/8 block originate within your subnet, all border routers should filter such packets that originate from elsewhere. Attacks have been mounted that depend on the unexpected use of some of these addresses. 9. Acknowledgments Many people have made comments on draft versions of this document. The IANA would especially like to thank Scott Bradner, Randy Bush, Harald Alvestrand and Alfred Hoenes for their constructive feedback and comments. 10. References 10.1. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 10.2. Informative References [RFC1112] Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting", STD 5, RFC 1112, August 1989. [RFC1122] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts - Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989. [RFC1174] Cerf, V., "IAB recommended policy on distributing internet identifier assignment and IAB recommended policy change to internet "connected" status", RFC 1174, August 1990. [RFC1700] Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700, October 1994. Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 [RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996. [RFC2544] Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999. [RFC2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000. [RFC3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers", RFC 3068, June 2001. [RFC3171] Albanna, Z., Almeroth, K., Meyer, D., and M. Schipper, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 3171, August 2001. [RFC3330] IANA, "Special-Use IPv4 Addresses", RFC 3330, September 2002. [RFC3927] Cheshire, S., Aboba, B., and E. Guttman, "Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses", RFC 3927, May 2005. [RFC5156] Blanchet, M., "Special-Use IPv6 Addresses", RFC 5156, April 2008. [RFC5226] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226, May 2008. Authors' Addresses Michelle Cotton Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey 90292 United States Phone: +310-823-9358 Email: michelle.cotton@icann.org URI: http://www.iana.org/ Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft Special Use IPv4 Addresses February 2009 Leo Vegoda Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers 4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330 Marina del Rey 90292 United States Phone: +310-823-9358 Email: leo.vegoda@icann.org URI: http://www.iana.org/ Cotton & Vegoda Expires August 28, 2009 [Page 9]
