Network Working Group J. Gregorio, Ed.
Internet-Draft IBM
Expires: June 13, 2007 B. de hOra, Ed.
Propylon Ltd.
December 10, 2006
The Atom Publishing Protocol
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-12.txt
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
Abstract
The Atom Publishing Protocol (APP) is an application-level protocol
for publishing and editing Web resources. The protocol is based on
HTTP transport of Atom-formatted representations. The Atom format is
documented in the Atom Syndication Format [RFC4287].
Editorial Note
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To provide feedback on this Internet-Draft, join the atom-protocol
mailing list (http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/index.html) [1].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 XML-related Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 Referring to Information Items . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.2 RELAX NG Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.3 Use of xml:base and xml:lang . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4. Protocol Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5. Protocol Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.1 Retrieving a Service Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.2 Listing Collection Members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.3 Creating a Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4 Editing a Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4.1 Retrieving a Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5.4.2 Updating a Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.4.3 Deleting a Resource . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.5 Use of HTTP Response codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Atom Publishing Protocol Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.1 Document Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6.2 Document Extensibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Category Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.1 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2 Element Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
7.2.1 The "app:categories" element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8. Service Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.1 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.2 Element Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.1 The "app:service" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.2 The "app:workspace" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.3 The "app:collection" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.4 The "app:accept" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.5 The "app:categories" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
9. Creating and Editing Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.1 Member URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.2 Creating resources with POST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
9.2.1 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
9.3 Updating Resources with PUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.4 Deleting Resources with DELETE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
9.5 Media Resources and Media Link Entries . . . . . . . . . . 25
9.5.1 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
9.6 The Slug: Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
9.6.1 Slug: Header syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9.6.2 Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
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10. Listing Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
10.1 Collection Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
10.2 The "app:edited" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
11. Atom Format Link Relation Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.1 The "edit" Link Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
11.2 The "edit-media" Link Relation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
12. Atom Publishing Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
12.1 The "app:control" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
12.1.1 The "app:draft" Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
13. Securing the Atom Publishing Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . 37
14. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.1 Denial of Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.2 Replay Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.3 Spoofing Attacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.4 Linked Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.5 Digital Signatures and Encryption . . . . . . . . . . . 38
14.6 URIs and IRIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
15. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
15.1 Content-type registration for
'application/atomserv+xml' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
15.2 Content-type registration for
'application/atomcat+xml' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
15.3 Header field registration for 'SLUG' . . . . . . . . . . 41
16. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
16.1 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
16.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
B. RELAX NG Compact Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
C. Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 56
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1. Introduction
The Atom Publishing Protocol is an application-level protocol for
publishing and editing Web resources using HTTP [RFC2616] and XML 1.0
[W3C.REC-xml-20060816]. The protocol supports the creation of
arbitrary Web resources and provides facilities for:
o Collections: Sets of resources, which can be retrieved in whole or
in part.
o Service: Discovering and describing Collections.
o Editing: Creating, updating and deleting resources.
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2. Notational Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
2.1 XML-related Conventions
2.1.1 Referring to Information Items
Atom Protocol Document formats are specified in terms of the XML
Information Set [W3C.REC-xml-infoset-20040204], serialized as XML 1.0
[W3C.REC-xml-20060816].
The Infoset terms "Element Information Item" and "Attribute
Information Item" are shortened to "element" and "attribute"
respectively. Therefore, when this specification uses the term
"element", it is referring to an Element Information Item, and when
it uses the term "attribute", it is referring to an Attribute
Information Item.
2.1.2 RELAX NG Schema
Some sections of this specification are illustrated with fragments of
a non-normative RELAX NG Compact schema [RNC]. However, the text of
this specification provides the definition of conformance. Complete
schemas appear in Appendix B.
2.1.3 Use of xml:base and xml:lang
XML elements defined by this specification MAY have an xml:base
attribute [W3C.REC-xmlbase-20010627]. When xml:base is used, it
serves the function described in Section 5.1.1 of URI Generic Syntax
[RFC3986], by establishing the base URI (or IRI) for resolving
relative references found within the scope of the xml:base attribute.
Any element defined by this specification MAY have an xml:lang
attribute, whose content indicates the natural language for the
element and its descendents. The language context is only
significant for elements and attributes declared to be "Language-
Sensitive" by this specification. Requirements regarding the content
and interpretation of xml:lang are specified in Section 2.12 of XML
1.0 [W3C.REC-xml-20060816].
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3. Terminology
For convenience, this protocol can be referred to as the "Atom
Protocol" or "APP".
URI/IRI - A Uniform Resource Identifier and Internationalized
Resource Identifier. These terms and the distinction between them
are defined in [RFC3986] and [RFC3987]. Before an IRI found in a
document is used by HTTP, the IRI is first converted to a URI (see
Section 4).
The phrase "the URI of a document" in this specification is shorthand
for "a URI which, when dereferenced, is expected to produce that
document as a representation".
Resource - A network-accessible data object or service identified by
an IRI, as defined in [RFC2616]. See [W3C.REC-webarch-20041215] for
further discussion on resources.
Representation - An entity included with a request or response as
defined in [RFC2616].
Collection - A resource that contains a set of Member Entries. See
Section 9.
Member - A resource whose IRI is listed in a Collection by a link
element with a relation of "edit" or "edit-media". See Section 9.1.
Workspace - A named group of Collections. See Section 8.
Service Document - A document that describes the location and
capabilities of one or more Collections. See Section 8.
Category Document - A document that describes the categories allowed
in a Collection. See Section 7.
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4. Protocol Model
The Atom Publishing Protocol uses HTTP methods to author Member
Resources as follows:
o GET is used to retrieve a representation of a known resource.
o POST is used to create a new, dynamically-named, resource. When
the client submits non-Atom-Entry representations to a Collection
for creation, two resources are always created - a Media Entry for
the requested resource, and a Media Link Entry for metadata (in
Atom Entry format) about the resource.
o PUT is used to update a known resource.
o DELETE is used to remove a known resource.
The Atom Protocol imposes few restrictions on the actions of servers.
Unless a constraint is specified here, servers can be expected to
vary in behavior, in particular around the manipulation of Atom
Entries sent by clients. For example this specification only defines
the expected behavior of Collections with respect to GET and POST,
but this does not imply that PUT, DELETE, PROPPATCH and others are
forbidden on Collection resources - only that this specification does
not define what the servers response would be to those methods.
Similarly while some HTTP status codes are mentioned explicitly,
clients should be prepared to handle any valid status code from a
server.
This document does not specify the form of the URIs that are used.
HTTP ([RFC2616]) specifies that the URI space of each server is
controlled by that server and the Atom Protocol imposes no
constraints on that control. What this RFC does specify are the
formats of the representations that are exchanged and the actions
that can be performed on the IRIs embedded in those documents.
This document only covers the creation, update and deletion of Entry
and Media resources. Other resources can be created, updated, and
deleted as the result of manipulating a Collection, but the number of
those resources, their mime-types, and effects of Atom Protocol
operations on them are outside the scope of this specification.
Since all aspects of client-server interaction are defined in terms
of HTTP, [RFC2616] should be consulted for any areas not covered in
this specification.
Along with operations on Member Resources, the Atom Protocol defines
Collection Resources for managing and organizing Member Resources.
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Collections are represented by Atom Feed documents and contain the
IRIs of, and metadata about, their Member Resources. The Atom
Protocol does not make a distinction between Feeds used for
Collections and other Atom Feeds. The only mechanism that this
specification supplies for distinguishing a Collection Feed is its
appearance in a Service Document.
Atom Protocol documents allow the use of IRIs [RFC3987], as well as
URIs [RFC3986]. Before an IRI found in a document is used by HTTP,
the IRI is first converted to a URI according the procedure defined
in Section 3.1 of [RFC3987]. In accordance with that specification,
this conversion SHOULD be applied as late as possible. The IRI, and
the URI into which it is converted, identify the same resource.
There are two kinds of Member Resources - Member Entry Resources and
Media Resources. Member Entry Resources are represented as Atom
Entries [RFC4287]. Media Resources can have representations in any
media type. A Media Link Entry is a Member Entry that contains
metadata about a Media Resource. This diagram shows the
classification of the resources:
Member Resource
-> Member Entry Resource
-> Media Link Entry Resource
-> Media Resource
Collections, represented by Atom feeds, contain Entries. Those
Entries contain the Member Entry and Media Resources IRIs of the
Collection. A Collection can contain any number of Entries of either
kind. In the diagram of a Collection below, there are two Entries.
The first contains the IRI of a Member Entry Resource. The second
contains the IRIs of both a Media Resource and a Media Link Entry
Resource, which contains the metadata for that Media Resource:
Collection
Entry
Member Entry IRI -> Member Entry Resource
Entry
Member Entry IRI -> Media Link Entry Resource
Media IRI -> Media Resource
Service Documents represent server-defined groups of Collections, and
are used to initialize the process of creating and editing resources.
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5. Protocol Operations
5.1 Retrieving a Service Document
Client Server
| |
| 1.) GET to Service Document |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| 2.) Service Document |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
1. The client sends a GET request using the URI of the Service
Document.
2. The server responds with the document enumerating the IRIs of a
group of Collections and the capabilities of those Collections
supported by the server. The content of this document can vary
based on aspects of the client request, including, but not
limited to, authentication credentials.
5.2 Listing Collection Members
To list the members of a Collection, the client sends a GET request
to the URI of a Collection. An Atom Feed Document is returned whose
Entries contain the IRIs of Member Resources. The returned Feed may
describe all, or only a subset, of the Members in a Collection (see
Section 10). Section 11 describes extensions to the Atom Syndication
Format used in the Atom Protocol.
Client Server
| |
| 1.) GET to Collection URI |
|------------------------------->|
| |
| 2.) Atom Feed Doc |
|<-------------------------------|
| |
1. The client sends a GET request to the URI of the Collection.
2. The server responds with an Atom Feed Document containing the
IRIs of the Collection members.
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5.3 Creating a Resource
Client Server
| |
| 1.) POST to URI of Collection |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| 2.) 201 Created |
| Location: Member Entry URI |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
1. The client POSTs a representation of the Member to the URI of the
Collection.
2. If the Member Resource was created successfully, the server
responds with a status code of 201 and a Location: header that
contains the IRI of the newly created Member Entry Resource.
Media Resources could have also been created and their IRIs can
be found through the Member Entry Resource. See Section 9.5 for
more details.
5.4 Editing a Resource
Once a resource has been created and its Member URI is known, that
URI can be used to retrieve, update, and delete the resource.
5.4.1 Retrieving a Resource
Client Server
| |
| 1.) GET to Member URI |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| 2.) Member Representation |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
1. The client sends a GET request to the URI of a Member Resource to
retrieve its representation.
2. The server responds with the representation of the resource.
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5.4.2 Updating a Resource
Client Server
| |
| 1.) PUT to Member URI |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| 2.) 200 OK |
|<------------------------------------------|
1. The client PUTs an updated representation to the URI of a Member
Resource.
2. If the update is successful the server responds with a status
code of 200.
5.4.3 Deleting a Resource
Client Server
| |
| 1.) DELETE to Member URI |
|------------------------------------------>|
| |
| 2.) 200 Ok |
|<------------------------------------------|
| |
1. The client sends a DELETE request to the URI of a Member
Resource.
2. If the deletion is successful the server responds with a status
code of 200.
A different approach is taken for deleting Media Resources, see
Section 9.5 for details.
5.5 Use of HTTP Response codes
The Atom Protocol uses the response status codes defined in HTTP to
indicate the success or failure of an operation. Consult the HTTP
specification [RFC2616] for detailed definitions of each status code.
Implementers are asked to note that per the HTTP specification, HTTP
4xx and 5xx response entities SHOULD include a human-readable
explanation of the error.
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6. Atom Publishing Protocol Documents
6.1 Document Types
This specification describes two kinds of Documents - Category
Documents and Service Documents.
A Category Document (Section 7) contain lists of categories specified
using the "atom:category" element from the Atom Syndication Format.
A Service Document (Section 8) describes Workspaces, which are
server-defined groups of Collections. This specification assigns no
meaning to Workspaces; that is, a Workspace does not imply any
specific processing assumptions. Operations on Workspaces
themselves, such as creation or deletion, are not defined by this
specification.
The namespace name [W3C.REC-xml-names-20060816] for either kind of
document is:
http://purl.org/atom/app#
[[anchor8: The namespace name needs to be updated with the final URI
upon publication]]
This specification uses the prefix "app:" for the namespace name.
The prefix "atom:" is used for "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom", the
namespace name of the Atom Syndication Format [RFC4287]. The
namespace prefixes are not semantically significant.
Atom Publishing Protocol Documents MUST be well-formed XML. This
specification does not define any DTDs for Atom Protocol formats, and
hence does not require them to be "valid" in the sense used by XML.
6.2 Document Extensibility
Unrecognized markup in an Atom Publishing Protocol document is
considered "foreign markup" as defined in [RFC4287]. Such foreign
markup can be used anywhere within a Category or Service Document
unless it is explicitly forbidden. Processors that encounter foreign
markup MUST NOT stop processing and MUST NOT signal an error.
Clients SHOULD preserve foreign markup when transmitting such
documents.
The namespace name "http://purl.org/atom/app#" is reserved for
forward compatible revisions of the Category and Service Document
types - this does not exclude the addition of elements and attributes
that might not be recognized by processors conformant to this
specification. Such unrecognized markup from the
"http://purl.org/atom/app#" namespace MUST be treated as foreign
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markup.
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7. Category Documents
Category Documents contain lists of categories described using the
"atom:category" element from the Atom Syndication Format [RFC4287].
Categories can also appear in Service Documents, where they describe
the categories allowed in a Collection (see Section 8.2.5).
Category Documents are identified with the "application/atomcat+xml"
media type (see Section 15).
7.1 Example
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<app:categories
xmlns:app="http://purl.org/atom/app#"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
fixed="yes" scheme="http://example.com/cats/big3">
<category term="animal" />
<category term="vegetable" />
<category term="mineral" />
</app:categories>
This Category Document contains three categories, with the terms
"animal", "vegetable", and "mineral". None of the categories use the
'label' attribute defined in [RFC4287]. They all inherit the
"http://example.com/cats/big3" 'scheme' attribute declared on the
app:categories element. Therefore if the "mineral" category were to
appear in an Atom Entry or Feed Document, it would appear as:
<category scheme="http://example.com/cats/big3" term="mineral" />
7.2 Element Definitions
7.2.1 The "app:categories" element
The root of a Category Document is the "app:categories" element. An
app:categories element can contain zero or more "atom:category"
elements from the Atom namespace ("http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom").
An app:category child element that has no "scheme" attribute inherits
the attribute from its app:categories parent. An app:category child
element with an existing "scheme" attribute does not inherit the
"scheme" value of its "app:categories" parent element.
7.2.1.1 Attributes of "app:categories"
The app:categories element can contain a "fixed" attribute, with a
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value of either "yes" or "no", indicating whether the list of
categories is a fixed or an open set. Attempts to create or update
members whose categories are not listed in the Collection Document
MAY be rejected by the server. Collections that indicate the
category set is open SHOULD NOT reject otherwise acceptable members
whose categories are not listed by the Collection.
Alternatively, the app:categories element MAY contain an "href"
attribute, whose value MUST be an IRI reference identifying a
Category Document. If the "href" attribute is provided, the app:
categories element MUST be empty and MUST NOT have the "fixed" or
"scheme" attributes.
atomCategory =
element atom:category {
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute term { text },
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
attribute label { text }?,
undefinedContent
}
appInlineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute fixed { "yes" | "no" }?,
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
(atomCategory*)
}
appOutOfLineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute href { atomURI },
undefinedContent
}
appCategories = appInlineCategories | appOutOfLineCategories
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8. Service Documents
For authoring to commence, a client needs to discover the
capabilities and locations of the available Collections. Service
Documents are designed to support this discovery process. How
Service Documents are discovered is not defined in this
specification.
A Service Document describes Workspaces, which are server-defined
groups of Collections. Service Documents are identified with the
"application/atomserv+xml" media type (see Section 15).
There is no requirement that a server support multiple Workspaces.
In addition, a Collection MAY appear in more than one Workspace.
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8.1 Example
<?xml version="1.0" encoding='utf-8'?>
<service xmlns="http://purl.org/atom/app#"
xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<workspace>
<atom:title>Main Site</atom:title>
<collection
href="http://example.org/reilly/main" >
<atom:title>My Blog Entries</atom:title>
<categories
href="http://example.com/cats/forMain.cats" />
</collection>
<collection
href="http://example.org/reilly/pic" >
<atom:title>Pictures</atom:title>
<accept>image/*</accept>
</collection>
</workspace>
<workspace>
<atom:title>Side Bar Blog</atom:title>
<collection
href="http://example.org/reilly/list" >
<atom:title>Remaindered Links</atom:title>
<accept>entry</accept>
<categories fixed="yes">
<atom:category
scheme="http://example.org/extra-cats/"
term="joke" />
<atom:category
scheme="http://example.org/extra-cats/"
term="serious" />
</categories>
</collection>
</workspace>
</service>
This Service Document describes two Workspaces. The first Workspace
is called "Main Site", has two Collections called "My Blog Entries"
and "Pictures" whose IRIs are "http://example.org/reilly/main" and
"http://example.org/reilly/pic" respectively. The "Pictures"
Workspace includes an "accept" element indicating that a client can
post image files to the Collection to create new Media Resources.
Entries with associated Media Resources are discussed in Section 9.5.
The second Workspace is called "Side Bar Blog" and has a single
Collection called "Remaindered Links" whose IRI is
"http://example.org/reilly/list".
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Within each of the two Entry collections, the categories element
provides a list of available categories for Member Entries. In the
"My Blog Entries" Collection, the list of available categories is
obtainable through the "href" attribute. The "Side Bar Blog"
Collection provides a category list within the Service Document, but
states the list is fixed, signaling a request from the server that
Entries be POSTed using only those two categories.
8.2 Element Definitions
8.2.1 The "app:service" Element
The root of a Service Document is the "app:service" element.
The "app:service" element is the container for service information
associated with one or more Workspaces. An app:service element MUST
contain one or more app:workspace elements.
namespace app = "http://purl.org/atom/app#"
start = appService
appService =
element app:service {
appCommonAttributes,
( appWorkspace+
& extensionElement* )
}
8.2.2 The "app:workspace" Element
The "app:workspace" element contains information elements about the
Collections of resources available for editing. The app:workspace
element contains zero or more app:collection elements.
appWorkspace =
element app:workspace {
appCommonAttributes,
( atomTitle
& appCollection*
& extensionElement* )
}
atomTitle = element atom:title { atomTextConstruct }
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8.2.2.1 The "atom:title" Element
The app:workspace element MUST contain one "atom:title" element (as
defined in [RFC4287]), giving a human-readable title for the
Workspace.
8.2.3 The "app:collection" Element
The "app:collection" element describes a Collection. The app:
collection element MAY contain one app:accept element and MAY contain
any number of app:categories elements. The app:collection element
MUST NOT contain more than one app:accept element.
appCollection =
element app:collection {
appCommonAttributes,
attribute href { atomURI },
( atomTitle
& appAccept?
& appCategories*
& extensionElement* )
}
8.2.3.1 Usage in Atom Feed Documents
The app:collection element MAY appear as a child of an atom:feed or
atom:source element in an Atom Feed Document. Its value identifies a
Collection by which new Entries can be added to appear in the feed.
The app:collection element is considered foreign markup as defined in
Section 6 of [RFC4287].
8.2.3.2 The "href" Attribute
The app:collection element MUST contain an "href" attribute, whose
value gives the IRI of the Collection.
8.2.3.3 The "atom:title" Element
The app:collection Element MUST contain one "atom:title" element (as
defined in [RFC4287]), giving a human-readable title for the
Collection.
8.2.4 The "app:accept" Element
The "app:accept" element value specifies a comma-separated list of
media-ranges (see [RFC2616]) identifying the types of representations
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that can be POSTed to the URI of a Collection. Whitespace around and
between media-range values is considered insignificant and MUST be
ignored.
The app:accept element is similar to the HTTP Accept request-header
[RFC2616] with the exception that app:accept has no notion of
preference. As a result, the value syntax of app:accept does not use
"accept-params" or "q" arguments as specified in [RFC2616], section
14.1.
The order of media-ranges is not significant. The following lists
are all equivalent:
<app:accept>image/png,image/*</app:accept>
<app:accept>image/*, image/png</app:accept>
<app:accept> image/* </app:accept>
A value of "entry" may appear in any list of media-ranges in an
accept element and indicates that Atom Entry Documents can be POSTed
to the Collection. If the accept element exists but is empty,
clients SHOULD assume that the Collection does not support the
creation of new Entries. If the accept element is not present,
clients SHOULD treat this as equivalent to <app:accept>entry</
app:accept>.
appAccept =
element app:accept {
appCommonAttributes,
( appTypeValue? )
}
appTypeValue = ( "entry" | media-type |entry-or-media-type )
media-type = xsd:string { pattern = "entry,(.+/.+,?)*" }
entry-or-media-type = xsd:string { pattern = "(.+/.+,?)*" }
8.2.5 The "app:categories" Element
The "app:categories" element provides a listing of the categories
that can be applied to the members of a Collection.
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atomCategory =
element atom:category {
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute term { text },
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
attribute label { text }?,
undefinedContent
}
appInlineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute fixed { "yes" | "no" }?,
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
(atomCategory*)
}
appOutOfLineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute href { atomURI },
undefinedContent
}
appCategories = appInlineCategories | appOutOfLineCategories
The app:categories element MAY contain a "fixed" attribute, with a
value of either "yes" or "no", indicating whether or not the listing
of categories is considered to be a fixed, or closed set. The
absence of the "fixed" attribute is equivalent to the presence of a
"fixed" attribute with a value of "no". Collections that indicate a
fixed set MAY reject members that include categories not specified in
the provided listing. Collections that indicate an open set SHOULD
NOT reject otherwise acceptable members whose categories are not
present in the provided list.
The app:categories element MAY contain an "href" attribute, whose
value MUST be an IRI reference identifying a Category Document. If
the "href" attribute is provided, the app:categories element MUST be
empty and the "fixed" and "scheme" attributes MUST NOT be present.
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9. Creating and Editing Resources
9.1 Member URIs
The Member URI supports retrieving, updating and deleting the
resource using HTTP GET, PUT and DELETE. Retrieval and updating of
Member Entry Resources are done by exchanging Atom Entry
representations.
Member Entry URIs appear in two places. First, they are returned in
a Location header after successful resource creation using POST, as
described below. Second, they appear in the Entries of a Collection
document as atom:link elements with a link relation of "edit".
Each Member Entry SHOULD contain such an atom:link element providing
its Member Entry URI.
9.2 Creating resources with POST
To add members to a Collection, clients send POST requests to the URI
of a Collection. Successful member creation is normally indicated
with a 201 ("Created") response code. Collections MAY generate a
response with a status code of 415 ("Unsupported Media Type") to
indicate that the media-type of the POSTed entity is not allowed or
supported by the Collection.
When a Member Resource is created in the Collection which received
the POST, its Member Entry URI MUST be returned in an HTTP Location
header.
When the server generates a response with a status code of 201
("Created"), it SHOULD also return a response body, which if
provided, MUST be an Atom Entry Document representing the newly-
created resource.
Since the server is free to alter the POSTed Entry, for example by
changing the content of the "id" element, returning the Entry as
described in the previous paragraph can be useful to the client,
enabling it to correlate the client and server views of the new
Entry.
If the POST request contained an Atom Entry Document, and the
subsequent response from the server contains a Content-Location
header that matches the Location header character-for-character, then
the client is authorized to interpret the response entity as being
the representation of the newly created Entry. Without a matching
Content-Location header the client MUST NOT assume the returned
entity is a complete representation of the created resource.
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The request body sent with the POST need not be an Atom Entry. For
example, it might be a picture, or a movie. For a discussion of the
issues in POSTing such content, see Section 9.5.
9.2.1 Example
Below, the client sends a POST request containing an Atom Entry
representation to the URI of the Collection:
POST /myblog/entries HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
User-Agent: Thingio/1.0
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Type: application/atom+xml
Content-Length: nnn
Slug: First Post
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
xmlns:app="http://purl.org/atom/app#">
<title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
<author><name>John Doe</name></author>
<content>Some text.</content>
</entry>
The server signals a successful creation with a status code of 201.
The response includes a Location: header indicating the Member Entry
URI of the Atom Entry and a representation of that Entry in the body
of the response.
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HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:17:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
Content-Type: application/atom+xml; charset="utf-8"
Location: http://example.org/edit/first-post.atom
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
xmlns:app="http://purl.org/atom/app#">
<title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
<author><name>John Doe</name></author>
<content>Some text.</content>
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/edit/first-post.atom"/>
</entry>
The created Entry returned by the server might not match the Entry
POSTed by the client. A server MAY change the values of various
elements in the Entry such as the atom:id, atom:updated and atom:
author values and MAY choose to remove or add other elements and
attributes, or change element and attribute values.
In particular, the publishing system in this example filled in some
values not provided in the original POST. For example, it
ascertained the name of the author, presumably via the authentication
protocol used to establish the right to post.
9.3 Updating Resources with PUT
To update a resource, clients send PUT requests to its Member URI, as
specified in [RFC2616].
To avoid unintentional loss of data when editing Member Entries or
Media Link Entries, Atom Protocol clients SHOULD preserve all
metadata that has not been intentionally modified, including unknown
foreign markup as defined in Section 6 of [RFC4287].
9.4 Deleting Resources with DELETE
To delete a resource, clients send DELETE requests to its Member URI,
as specified in [RFC2616]. For Media Resources, deletion of a Media
Link Entry SHOULD result in the deletion of the associated Media
Resource.
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9.5 Media Resources and Media Link Entries
A client can POST a media type other than application/atom+xml to a
Collection. Such a request always creates two new resources - one
that corresponds to the entity sent in the request, called the Media
Resource, and an associated Member Entry, called the Media Link
Entry. Media Link Entries are represented as Atom Entries. The
server can signal the media types it will accept via the "accept"
element in the Service Document (Section 8.2.4).
The Media Link Entry contains the IRI of, and metadata about, the
(perhaps non-textual) Media Resource. The Media Link Entry makes the
metadata about the Media Resource separately available for retrieval
and update.
Successful responses to creation requests MUST include the URI of the
Media Link Entry in the Location header. The Media Link Entry SHOULD
contain an atom:link element with a link relation of "edit-media"
that contains the Media Resource IRI. The Media Link Entry MUST have
an "atom:content" element with a "src" attribute. The value of the
"src" attribute is an IRI of the newly created Media Resource. It is
OPTIONAL that the IRI of the "src" attribute on the atom:content
element be the same as the Media Resource IRI. For example, the
"src" attribute value might instead be a link into a static cache or
content distribution network and not the Media Resource IRI.
Implementers are asked to note that according to the requirements of
[RFC4287], Entries, and thus Media Link Entries, MUST contain an
atom:summary element. Upon successful creation of a Media Link
Entry, a server MAY choose to populate the atom:summary element (as
well as any other required elements such as atom:id, atom:author and
atom:title) with content derived from the POSTed entity or from any
other source. A server might not allow a client to modify the server
selected values for these elements.
For resource creation this specification only defines cases where the
POST body has an Atom Entry entity declared as an Atom media type
("application/atom+xml"), or a non-Atom entity declared as a non-Atom
media type. It does not specify any request semantics or server
behavior in the case where the POSTed media-type is "application/
atom+xml" but the body is something other than an Atom Entry. In
particular, what happens on POSTing an Atom Feed Document to a
Collection using the "application/atom+xml" media type is undefined.
The Atom Protocol does not specify a means to create multiple
representations of the same resource (for example a PNG and a JPG of
the same image) on creation or update.
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9.5.1 Examples
Below, the client sends a POST request containing a PNG image to the
URI of a Collection that accepts PNG images:
POST /media/ HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Content-Type: image/png
Slug: The Beach
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Length: nnn
...binary data...
The server signals a successful creation with a status code of 201.
The response includes a Location header indicating the Member URI of
the Media Link Entry and a representation of that entry in the body
of the response. The Media Link Entry includes a content element
with a src attribute. It also contains a link using the link
relation "edit-media" specifying the IRI to be used for modifying the
Media Resource.
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:17:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
Content-Type: application/atom+xml; charset="utf-8"
Location: http://example.org/media/edit/the_beach.atom
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>The Beach</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:17:08Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<summary type="text" />
<content type="image/png"
src="http://media.example.org/the_beach.png"/>
<link rel="edit-media"
href="http://media.example.org/edit/the_beach.png" />
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/media/edit/the_beach.atom" />
</entry>
Later, the client PUTS a new PNG to the URI indicated in the Media
Link Entry's "edit-media" link:
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PUT /edit/the_beach.png HTTP/1.1
Host: media.example.org
Content-Type: image/png
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Length: nnn
...binary data...
The server signals a successful update with a status code of 200.
HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
Date: Fri, 8 Oct 2006 17:17:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
The client can update the metadata for the picture. First GET the
Media Link Entry:
GET /media/edit/the_beach.atom HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
The Media Link Entry is returned.
HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:18:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
Content-Type: application/atom+xml; charset="utf-8"
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>The Beach</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:17:08Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<summary type="text" />
<content type="image/png"
src="http://media.example.org/the_beach.png"/>
<link rel="edit-media"
href="http://media.example.org/edit/the_beach.png" />
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/media/edit/the_beach.atom" />
</entry>
The metadata can be updated, in this case to add a summary, and then
PUT back to the server.
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PUT /media/edit/the_beach.atom HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Type: application/atom+xml
Content-Length: nnn
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>The Beach</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:17:08Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<summary type="text">
A nice sunset picture over the water.
</summary>
<content type="image/png"
src="http://media.example.org/the_beach.png"/>
<link rel="edit-media"
href="http://media.example.org/edit/the_beach.png" />
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/media/edit/the_beach.atom" />
</entry>
The update was successful.
HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:19:11 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Multiple media resources can be added to the Collection.
POST /media/ HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Content-Type: image/png
Slug: The Pier
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Length: nnn
...binary data...
The resource is created successfully.
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HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:17:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
Content-Type: application/atom+xml; charset="utf-8"
Location: http://example.org/media/edit/the_pier.atom
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>The Pier</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efe6b</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:26:43Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<summary type="text" />
<content type="image/png"
src="http://media.example.org/the_pier.png"/>
<link rel="edit-media"
href="http://media.example.org/edit/the_pier.png" />
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/media/edit/the_pier.atom" />
</entry>
The client can now create a new Atom Entry in the blog Entry
Collection that references the two newly created Media Resources.
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POST /blog/ HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Content-Type: application/atom+xml
Slug: A day at the beach
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Length: nnn
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>A fun day at the beach</title>
<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6b</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:40:02Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<content type="xhtml">
<xhtml:div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<xhtml:p>We had a good day at the beach.
<xhtml:img
src="http://media.example.org/the_beach.png"/>
</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:p>Later we walked down to the pier.
<xhtml:img
src="http://media.example.org/the_pier.png"/>
</xhtml:p>
</xhtml:div>
</content>
</entry>
The resource is created successfully.
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HTTP/1.1 200 Ok
Date: Fri, 7 Oct 2005 17:20:11 GMT
Content-Length: nnn
Content-Type: application/atom+xml; charset="utf-8"
Location: http://example.org/blog/atom/a-day-at-the-beach.atom
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<entry xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<title>A fun day at the beach</title>
<id>http://example.org/blog/a-day-at-the-beach.xhtml</id>
<updated>2005-10-07T17:43:07Z</updated>
<author><name>Daffy</name></author>
<content type="xhtml">
<xhtml:div xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<xhtml:p>We had a good day at the beach.
<xhtml:img
src="http://media.example.org/the_beach.png"/>
</xhtml:p>
<xhtml:p>Later we walked down to the pier.
<xhtml:img
src="http://media.example.org/the_pier.png"/>
</xhtml:p>
</xhtml:div>
</content>
<link rel="edit"
href="http://example.org/blog/edit/a-day-at-the-beach.atom"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/xhtml+xml"
href="http://example.org/blog/a-day-at-the-beach.xhtml"/>
</entry>
Note that the returned Entry contains a link with a relation of
"alternate" that points to the associated XHTML page that was
created. This is not required by this specification, but is included
to show the kinds of changes a server may make to an Entry.
9.6 The Slug: Header
Slug is a HTTP entity-header whose value is a short name that, when
accompanying a POST to a Collection, constitutes a request by the
client that its value be used as part of the URI for the to-be-
created Member Resource.
When POSTing an entity to a Collection to add a new Member, the
server MAY use this information when creating the Member URI of the
newly-created resource, for instance by using some or all of the
words in the last URI segment. It MAY also use it when creating the
atom:id or as the title of a Media Link Entry (see Section 9.5.).
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Servers MAY ignore the Slug entity-header and MAY alter its value
before using it. For example, the server MAY filter out some
characters or replace accented letters with non-accented ones, spaces
with underscores, etc.
9.6.1 Slug: Header syntax
The syntax of this header MUST conform to the augmented BNF grammar
in section 2.1 of the HTTP/1.1 specification [RFC2616]. The TEXT
rule is described in section 2.2 of the same document.
Slug = "Slug" ":" *TEXT
Clients MAY send non-ASCII characters in the Slug entity-header,
which they MUST encode using "encoded-words", as defined in
[RFC2047]. Servers SHOULD treat the slug as [RFC2047] encoded if it
matches the "encoded-words" production.
9.6.2 Example
Here is an example of the Slug: header that uses the encoding rules
of [RFC2047].
POST /myblog/entries HTTP/1.1
Host: example.org
Content-Type: image/png
Slug: =?iso-8859-1?q?The_Beach?=
Authorization: Basic ZGFmZnk6c2VjZXJldA==
Content-Length: nnn
...binary data...
See Section 9.2.1 for an example of the Slug: header applied to the
creation of a Member Entry Resource.
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10. Listing Collections
Collection Resources MUST provide representations in the form of Atom
Feed documents whose Entries contain the IRIs of the Members in the
Collection. No structural distinction is made between Collection
Feeds and other kinds of Feeds - a Feed might act both as a 'public'
feed for subscription purposes and as a Collection Feed.
Each Entry in the Feed Document SHOULD have an atom:link element with
a relation of "edit" (See Section 11.1).
The Entries in the returned Atom Feed SHOULD be ordered by their
"atom:updated" property, with the most recently updated Entries
coming first in the document order. Clients SHOULD be constructed in
consideration of the fact that changes which do not alter the atom:
updated value of an Entry will not affect the position of the Entry
in a Collection. That is, the Atom Syndication Format states that
the value of atom:updated is altered when the changes to an Entry are
something that "the publisher considers significant." The atom:
updated value is not equivalent to the HTTP Last-Modified: header and
can not be used to determine the freshness of cached responses.
Clients MUST NOT assume that an Atom Entry returned in the Feed is a
full representation of a Member Entry Resource and SHOULD perform a
GET on the URI of the Member Entry before editing.
10.1 Collection Paging
Collections can contain large numbers of resources. A naive client
such as a web spider or web browser could be overwhelmed if the
response to a GET contained every Entry in the Collection, and the
server would waste large amounts of bandwidth and processing time on
clients unable to handle the response. For this reason, servers MAY
return a partial listing of the most recently updated Member
Resources. Such partial feed documents MUST have an atom:link with a
"next" relation whose "href" value is the URI of the next partial
listing of the Collection (the next most recently updated Member
Resources) where it exists. This is called "Collection paging".
The returned Atom Feed MAY contain a subset the Member Entries for a
Collection. In addition, the Atom Feed document MAY contain link
elements with "rel" attribute values of "next", "previous", "first"
and "last" that can be used to navigate through the complete set of
matching Entries.
For instance, suppose a client is supplied the URI
"http://example.org/entries/go" of a Collection of Member entries,
where the server as a matter of policy avoids generating feed
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documents containing more than 10 Entries. The Atom Feed document
for the Collection will then represent the first 'page' in a set of
10 linked feed documents. The "first" relation will reference the
initial feed document in the set and the "last" relation references
the final Atom Feed Document in the set. Within each document, the
"next" and "previous" link relations reference the preceding and
subsequent documents.
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<link rel="first"
href="http://example.org/entries/go" />
<link rel="next"
href="http://example.org/entries/2" />
<link rel="last"
href="http://example.org/entries/10" />
...
</feed>
The "next" and "previous" link elements for the feed 'page' located
at "http://example.org/entries/2" would look like this:
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
<link rel="first"
href="http://example.org/entries/go" />
<link rel="previous"
href="http://example.org/entries/go" />
<link rel="next"
href="http://example.org/entries/3" />
<link rel="last"
href="http://example.org/entries/10" />
...
</feed>
10.2 The "app:edited" Element
The "app:edited" element is a Date construct as defined by [RFC4287]
whose value indicates the most recent instant in time when an Entry
was edited, including when created. Atom Entry elements in
Collection documents SHOULD contain one "app:edited" element, and
MUST NOT contain more than one.
appEdited = element app:edited ( atomDateConstruct )
The server SHOULD change the value of this element every time a
Collection Member Resource or an associated Media Resource has been
edited.
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11. Atom Format Link Relation Extensions
11.1 The "edit" Link Relation
This specification adds the value "edit" to the Atom Registry of Link
Relations (see section 7.1 of [RFC4287]). The value of "edit"
specifies that the value of the href attribute is the IRI of an
editable Member Entry. When appearing within an atom:entry, the href
IRI can be used to retrieve, update and delete the resource
represented by that Entry. An atom:entry MUST contain no more than
one "edit" link relation.
11.2 The "edit-media" Link Relation
This specification adds the value "edit-media" to the Atom Registry
of Link Relations (see section 7.1 of [RFC4287]). When appearing
within an atom:entry, the value of the href attribute is an IRI that
can be used to modify a Media Resource associated with that Entry.
An atom:entry element MAY contain zero or more "edit-media" link
relations. An atom:entry MUST NOT contain more than one atom:link
element with a rel attribute value of "edit-media" that has the same
"type" and "hreflang" attribute values. All "edit-media" link
relations in the same Entry reference the same resource. If a client
encounters multiple "edit-media" link relations in an Entry then it
SHOULD choose a link based on the client preferences for "type" and
"hreflang". If a client encounters multiple "edit-media" link
relations in an Entry and has no preference based on the "type" and
"hreflang" attributes then the client SHOULD pick the first "edit-
media" link relation in document order.
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12. Atom Publishing Controls
This specification defines an Atom Format Structured Extension, as
defined in Section 6 of [RFC4287], for publishing control within the
"http://purl.org/atom/app#" namespace.
12.1 The "app:control" Element
namespace app = "http://purl.org/atom/app#"
pubControl =
element app:control {
atomCommonAttributes,
pubDraft?
& extensionElement
}
pubDraft =
element app:draft { "yes" | "no" }
The "app:control" element MAY appear as a child of an atom:entry
which is being created or updated via the Atom Publishing Protocol.
The app:control element MUST appear only once in an Entry. The app:
control element is considered foreign markup as defined in Section 6
of [RFC4287].
The app:control element and its child elements MAY be included in
Atom Feed or Entry Documents.
The app:control element can contain an optional "app:draft" element
as defined below, and can contain extension elements as defined in
Section 6 of [RFC4287].
12.1.1 The "app:draft" Element
The number of app:draft elements in app:control MUST be zero or one.
Its value MUST be one of "yes" or "no". A value of "no" indicates a
client request that the Member Resource be made publicly visible. If
the app:draft element is missing then the value MUST be understood to
be "no". The inclusion of the app:draft element represents a request
by the client to control the visibility of a Member Resource and the
app:draft element MAY be ignored by the server.
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13. Securing the Atom Publishing Protocol
The Atom Publishing Protocol is based on HTTP. Authentication
requirements for HTTP are covered in Section 11 of [RFC2616].
The use of authentication mechanisms to prevent POSTing or editing by
unknown or unauthorized clients is RECOMMENDED but not required.
When authentication is not used, clients and servers are vulnerable
to trivial spoofing, denial of service and defacement attacks,
however, in some contexts, this is an acceptable risk.
The type of authentication deployed is a local decision made by the
server operator. Clients are likely to face authentication schemes
that vary across server deployments. At a minimum, client and server
implementations MUST be capable of being configured to use HTTP Basic
Authentication [RFC2617] in conjunction with a TLS connection as
specified by [RFC2818]. See [RFC4346] for more information on TLS.
The choice of authentication mechanism will impact interoperability.
The minimum level of security referenced above (Basic Authentication
with TLS) is considered good practice for Internet applications at
the time of publication of this specification and sufficient for
establishing a baseline for interoperability. Implementers can
investigate and use alternative mechanisms regarded as equivalently
good or better at the time of deployment. It is RECOMMENDED that
clients be implemented in such a way that allows new authentication
schemes to be deployed.
Because this protocol uses HTTP response status codes as the primary
means of reporting the result of a request, servers are advised to
respond to unauthorized or unauthenticated requests using an
appropriate 4xx HTTP response code (e.g. 401 "Unauthorized" or 403
"Forbidden") in accordance with [RFC2617].
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14. Security Considerations
As an HTTP-based protocol, APP is subject to the security
considerations found in Section 15 of [RFC2616].
14.1 Denial of Service
Atom Publishing server implementations need to take adequate
precautions to ensure malicious clients cannot consume excessive
server resources (CPU, memory, disk, etc).
14.2 Replay Attacks
Atom Publishing server implementations are susceptible to replay
attacks. Specifically, this specification does not define a means of
detecting duplicate requests. Accidentally sent duplicate requests
are indistinguishable from intentional and malicious replay attacks.
14.3 Spoofing Attacks
Atom Publishing implementations are susceptible to a variety of
spoofing attacks. Malicious clients may send Atom Entries containing
inaccurate information anywhere in the document.
14.4 Linked Resources
Atom Feed and Entry documents can contain XML External Entities as
defined in Section 4.2.2 of [W3C.REC-xml-20060816]. Atom
implementations are not required to load external entities. External
entities are subject to the same security concerns as any network
operation and can alter the semantics of an Atom document. The same
issues exist for resources linked to by Atom elements such as atom:
link and atom:content.
14.5 Digital Signatures and Encryption
Atom Entry Documents sent to a server might contain XML Digital
Signatures [W3C.REC-xmldsig-core-20020212] and might be encrypted
using XML Encryption [W3C.REC-xmlenc-core-20021210] as specified in
Section 5 of [RFC4287].
Servers are allowed to modify received resource representations in
ways that can invalidate signatures covering those representations.
14.6 URIs and IRIs
Atom Publishing Protocol implementations handle URIs and IRIs. See
Section 7 of [RFC3986] and Section 8 of [RFC3987].
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15. IANA Considerations
15.1 Content-type registration for 'application/atomserv+xml'
An Atom Publishing Protocol Service Document, when serialized as XML
1.0, can be identified with the following media type:
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: atomserv+xml
Mandatory parameters: None.
Optional parameters:
"charset": This parameter has identical semantics to the charset
parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in
[RFC3023].
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as
described in [RFC3023], section 3.2.
Security considerations: As defined in this specification.
[[anchor31: update upon publication]]
In addition, as this media type uses the "+xml" convention, it
shares the same security considerations as described in [RFC3023],
section 10.
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability
issues.
Published specification: This specification. [[anchor32: update upon
publication]]
Applications that use this media type: No known applications
currently use this media type.
Additional information:
Magic number(s): As specified for "application/xml" in [RFC3023],
section 3.2.
File extension: .atomsrv
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Fragment identifiers: As specified for "application/xml" in
[RFC3023], section 5.
Base URI: As specified in [RFC3023], section 6.
Macintosh File Type code: TEXT
Person and email address to contact for further information: Joe
Gregorio <joe@bitworking.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller: This specification's author(s). [[anchor33:
update upon publication]]
15.2 Content-type registration for 'application/atomcat+xml'
An Atom Publishing Protocol Category Document, when serialized as XML
1.0, can be identified with the following media type:
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: atomcat+xml
Mandatory parameters: None.
Optional parameters:
"charset": This parameter has identical semantics to the charset
parameter of the "application/xml" media type as specified in
[RFC3023].
Encoding considerations: Identical to those of "application/xml" as
described in [RFC3023], section 3.2.
Security considerations: As defined in this specification.
[[anchor34: update upon publication]]
In addition, as this media type uses the "+xml" convention, it
shares the same security considerations as described in [RFC3023],
section 10.
Interoperability considerations: There are no known interoperability
issues.
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Published specification: This specification. [[anchor35: update upon
publication]]
Applications that use this media type: No known applications
currently use this media type.
Additional information:
Magic number(s): As specified for "application/xml" in [RFC3023],
section 3.2.
File extension: .atomcat
Fragment identifiers: As specified for "application/xml" in
[RFC3023], section 5.
Base URI: As specified in [RFC3023], section 6.
Macintosh File Type code: TEXT
Person and email address to contact for further information: Joe
Gregorio <joe@bitworking.org>
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller: This specification's author(s). [[anchor36:
update upon publication]]
15.3 Header field registration for 'SLUG'
[[anchor37: incomplete section --dehora]]
Header field: SLUG
Applicable protocol: http [RFC2616]
Status: standard.
Author/Change controller: IETF (iesg@ietf.org) Internet Engineering
Task Force
Specification document(s): draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-11.txt
([[anchor38: update on rfc number assignment --dehora]])
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Related information:
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16. References
16.1 Normative References
[RFC2047] Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
RFC 2047, November 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2616] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[RFC2617] Franks, J., Hallam-Baker, P., Hostetler, J., Lawrence, S.,
Leach, P., Luotonen, A., and L. Stewart, "HTTP
Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication",
RFC 2617, June 1999.
[RFC2818] Rescorla, E., "HTTP Over TLS", RFC 2818, May 2000.
[RFC3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, January 2005.
[RFC3987] Duerst, M. and M. Suignard, "Internationalized Resource
Identifiers (IRIs)", RFC 3987, January 2005.
[RFC4287] Nottingham, M. and R. Sayre, "The Atom Syndication
Format", RFC 4287, December 2005.
[RFC4346] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC 4346, April 2006.
[W3C.REC-xml-20060816]
Bray, T., Paoli, J., Maler, E., Sperberg-McQueen, C., and
F. Yergeau, "Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fourth
Edition)", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-
xml-20060816, August 2006.
[W3C.REC-xml-infoset-20040204]
Cowan, J., Tobin, R., and A. Layman, "XML Information Set
(Second Edition)", W3C REC W3C.REC-xml-infoset-20040204,
February 2004.
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[W3C.REC-xml-names-20060816]
Hollander, D., Bray, T., and A. Layman, "Namespaces in
XML", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-xml-
names-20060816, August 2006.
[W3C.REC-xmlbase-20010627]
Marsh, J., "XML Base", W3C REC W3C.REC-xmlbase-20010627,
June 2001.
[W3C.REC-xmldsig-core-20020212]
Solo, D., Reagle, J., and D. Eastlake, "XML-Signature
Syntax and Processing", World Wide Web Consortium
Recommendation REC-xmldsig-core-20020212, February 2002,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xmldsig-core-20020212>.
[W3C.REC-xmlenc-core-20021210]
Eastlake, D. and J. Reagle, "XML Encryption Syntax and
Processing", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation REC-
xmlenc-core-20021210, December 2002,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2002/REC-xmlenc-core-20021210>.
16.2 Informative References
[RNC] Clark, J., "RELAX NG Compact Syntax", December 2001.
[W3C.REC-webarch-20041215]
Walsh, N. and I. Jacobs, "Architecture of the World Wide
Web, Volume One", W3C REC REC-webarch-20041215,
December 2004.
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URIs
[1] <http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/index.html>
Authors' Addresses
Joe Gregorio (editor)
IBM
4205 South Miama Blvd.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
US
Phone: +1 919 272 3764
Email: joe@bitworking.org
URI: http://ibm.com/
Bill de hOra (editor)
Propylon Ltd.
45 Blackbourne Square, Rathfarnham Gate
Dublin, Dublin D14
IE
Phone: +353-1-4927444
Email: bill.dehora@propylon.com
URI: http://www.propylon.com/
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Appendix A. Contributors
The content and concepts within are a product of the Atom community
and the Atompub Working Group.
[[anchor42: chairs to compile a contribution list for 1.0 --dehora]]
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Appendix B. RELAX NG Compact Schema
This appendix is informative.
The Relax NG schema explicitly excludes elements in the Atom Protocol
namespace which are not defined in this revision of the
specification. Requirements for Atom Protocol processors
encountering such markup are given in Section 6.2 and Section 6.3 of
[RFC4287].
The Schema for Service Documents:
# -*- rnc -*-
# RELAX NG Compact Syntax Grammar for the Atom Protocol
namespace app = "http://purl.org/atom/app#"
namespace atom = "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
namespace xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
namespace xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
namespace local = ""
start = appService
# common:attrs
atomURI = text
appCommonAttributes =
attribute xml:base { atomURI }?,
attribute xml:lang { atomLanguageTag }?,
undefinedAttribute*
atomCommonAttributes = appCommonAttributes
undefinedAttribute =
attribute * - (xml:base | xml:lang | local:*) { text }
atomLanguageTag = xsd:string {
pattern = "[A-Za-z]{1,8}(-[A-Za-z0-9]{1,8})*"
}
atomDateConstruct =
appCommonAttributes,
xsd:dateTime
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# app:service
appService =
element app:service {
appCommonAttributes,
( appWorkspace+
& extensionElement* )
}
# app:workspace
appWorkspace =
element app:workspace {
appCommonAttributes,
( atomTitle
& appCollection*
& extensionElement* )
}
atomTitle = element atom:title { atomTextConstruct }
# app:collection
appCollection =
element app:collection {
appCommonAttributes,
attribute href { atomURI },
( atomTitle
& appAccept?
& appCategories*
& extensionElement* )
}
# app:categories
atomCategory =
element atom:category {
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute term { text },
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
attribute label { text }?,
undefinedContent
}
appInlineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute fixed { "yes" | "no" }?,
attribute scheme { atomURI }?,
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(atomCategory*)
}
appOutOfLineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute href { atomURI },
undefinedContent
}
appCategories = appInlineCategories | appOutOfLineCategories
# app:accept
appAccept =
element app:accept {
appCommonAttributes,
( appTypeValue? )
}
appTypeValue = ( "entry" | media-type |entry-or-media-type )
media-type = xsd:string { pattern = "entry,(.+/.+,?)*" }
entry-or-media-type = xsd:string { pattern = "(.+/.+,?)*" }
# above is an approximation, rnc doesn't support interleaved text
# Simple Extension
simpleExtensionElement =
element * - app:* {
text
}
# Structured Extension
structuredExtensionElement =
element * - app:* {
(attribute * { text }+,
(text|anyElement)*)
| (attribute * { text }*,
(text?, anyElement+, (text|anyElement)*))
}
# Other Extensibility
extensionElement =
simpleExtensionElement | structuredExtensionElement
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undefinedContent = (text|anyForeignElement)*
# Extensions
anyElement =
element * {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyElement)*
}
anyForeignElement =
element * - atom:* {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyElement)*
}
atomPlainTextConstruct =
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute type { "text" | "html" }?,
text
atomXHTMLTextConstruct =
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute type { "xhtml" },
xhtmlDiv
atomTextConstruct = atomPlainTextConstruct | atomXHTMLTextConstruct
anyXHTML = element xhtml:* {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyXHTML)*
}
xhtmlDiv = element xhtml:div {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyXHTML)*
}
# EOF
The Schema for Category Documents:
# -*- rnc -*-
# RELAX NG Compact Syntax Grammar for the Atom Protocol
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namespace app = "http://purl.org/atom/app#"
namespace atom = "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
namespace xsd = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
namespace local = ""
start = appCategories
# common:attrs
atomCommonAttributes =
attribute xml:base { atomUri }?,
attribute xml:lang { atomLanguageTag }?,
undefinedAttribute*
undefinedAttribute =
attribute * - (xml:base | xml:lang | local:*) { text }
atomUri = text
atomLanguageTag = xsd:string {
pattern = "[A-Za-z]{1,8}(-[A-Za-z0-9]{1,8})*"
}
atomCategory =
element atom:category {
atomCommonAttributes,
attribute term { text },
attribute scheme { atomUri }?,
attribute label { text }?,
undefinedContent
}
appInlineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute fixed { "yes" | "no" }?,
attribute scheme { atomUri }?,
(atomCategory*)
}
appOutOfLineCategories =
element app:categories {
attribute href { atomURI },
(empty)
}
appCategories = appInlineCategories | appOutOfLineCategories
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# Extensibility
undefinedContent = (text|anyForeignElement)*
anyElement =
element * {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyElement)*
}
anyForeignElement =
element * - atom:* {
(attribute * { text }
| text
| anyElement)*
}
# EOF
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Appendix C. Revision History
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-11: Parts of PaceAppEdited.
PaceSecurityConsiderationsRevised.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-10: PaceRemoveTitleHeader2,
PaceSlugHeader4, PaceOnlyMemberURI,PaceOneAppNamespaceOnly,
PaceAppCategories, PaceExtendIntrospection,
UseElementsForAppCollectionTitles3, renamed Introspection to Service,
lots of good editorials suggestions, updated media example with slug,
moved xml conventions to convention sections, renamed XMl related
Conventions to Atom Publishing Protocol Documents, added auth header
to examples, consolidated definition of all resource types into the
model section, added IANA reg info for application/atomcat+xml.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-09: PaceWorkspaceMayHaveCollections,
PaceMediaEntries5,
http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/mail-archive/msg05322.html, and
http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/mail-archive/msg05272.html
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-08: added infoset ref; added wording re
IRI/URI; fixed URI/IRI ; next/previous fixed as per Atom
LinkRelations Attribute
(http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/mail-archive/msg04095.html);
incorporated: PaceEditLinkMustToMay; PaceMissingDraftHasNoMeaning,
PaceRemoveMemberTypeMust, PaceRemoveMemberTypePostMust,
PaceTitleHeaderOnlyInMediaCollections, PacePreserveForeignMarkup,
PaceClarifyTitleHeader, PaceClarifyMediaResourceLinks,
PaceTwoPrimaryCollections;
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-07: updated Atom refs to RFC4287;
incorporated PaceBetterHttpResponseCode;
PaceClarifyCollectionAndDeleteMethodByWritingLessInsteadOfMore;
PaceRemoveAcceptPostText; PaceRemoveListTemplate2;
PaceRemoveRegistry; PaceRemoveWhoWritesWhat;
PaceSimplifyClarifyBetterfyRemoveBogusValidityText;
PaceCollectionOrderSignificance; PaceFixLostIntrospectionText;
PaceListPaging; PaceCollectionControl; element typo in Listing
collections para3 (was app:member-type, not app:list-template);
changed post atom entry example to be valid. Dropped inline use of
'APP'. Removed nested diagram from section 4. Added ed notes in the
security section.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-06 - Removed: Robert Sayre from the
contributors section per his request. Added in
PaceCollectionControl. Fixed all the {daterange} verbage and
examples so they all use a dash. Added full rnc schema. Collapsed
Introspection and Collection documents into a single document.
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Removed {dateRange} queries. Renamed search to list. Moved
discussion of media and entry collection until later in the document
and tied the discussion to the Introspection element app:member-type.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-05 - Added: Contributors section. Added:
de hOra to editors. Fixed: typos. Added diagrams and description to
model section. Incorporates PaceAppDocuments, PaceAppDocuments2,
PaceSimplifyCollections2 (large-sized chunks of it anyhow: the
notions of Entry and Generic resources, the section 4 language on the
Protocol Model, 4.1 through 4.5.2, the notion of a Collection
document, as in Section 5 through 5.3, Section 7 "Collection
resources", Selection resources (modified from pace which talked
about search); results in major mods to Collection Documents, Section
9.2 "Title: Header" and brokeout para to section 9.1 Editing Generic
Resources). Added XML namespace and language section. Some cleanup
of front matter. Added Language Sensitivity to some attributes.
Removed resource descriptions from terminology. Some juggling of
sections. See:
http://www.imc.org/atom-protocol/mail-archive/msg01812.html.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-04 - Add ladder diagrams, reorganize, add
SOAP interactions
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-03 - Incorporates PaceSliceAndDice3 and
PaceIntrospection.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-02 - Incorporates Pace409Response,
PacePostLocationMust, and PaceSimpleResourcePosting.
draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-01 - Added in sections on Responses for
the EditURI. Allow 2xx for response to EditURI PUTs. Elided all
mentions of WSSE. Started adding in some normative references.
Added the section "Securing the Atom Protocol". Clarified that it is
possible that the PostURI and FeedURI could be the same URI. Cleaned
up descriptions for Response codes 400 and 500.
Rev draft-ietf-atompub-protocol-00 - 5Jul2004 - Renamed the file and
re-titled the document to conform to IETF submission guidelines.
Changed MIME type to match the one selected for the Atom format.
Numerous typographical fixes. We used to have two 'Introduction'
sections. One of them was moved into the Abstract the other absorbed
the Scope section. IPR and copyright notifications were added.
Rev 09 - 10Dec2003 - Added the section on SOAP enabled clients and
servers.
Rev 08 - 01Dec2003 - Refactored the specification, merging the
Introspection file into the feed format. Also dropped the
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distinction between the type of URI used to create new entries and
the kind used to create comments. Dropped user preferences.
Rev 07 - 06Aug2003 - Removed the use of the RSD file for auto-
discovery. Changed copyright until a final standards body is chosen.
Changed query parameters for the search facet to all begin with atom-
to avoid name collisions. Updated all the Entries to follow the 0.2
version. Changed the format of the search results and template file
to a pure element based syntax.
Rev 06 - 24Jul2003 - Moved to PUT for updating Entries. Changed all
the mime-types to application/x.atom+xml. Added template editing.
Changed 'edit-entry' to 'create-entry' in the Introspection file to
more accurately reflect its purpose.
Rev 05 - 17Jul2003 - Renamed everything Echo into Atom. Added
version numbers in the Revision history. Changed all the mime-types
to application/atom+xml.
Rev 04 - 15Jul2003 - Updated the RSD version used from 0.7 to 1.0.
Change the method of deleting an Entry from POSTing <delete/> to
using the HTTP DELETE verb. Also changed the query interface to GET
instead of POST. Moved Introspection Discovery to be up under
Introspection. Introduced the term 'facet' for the services listed
in the Introspection file.
Rev 03 - 10Jul2003 - Added a link to the Wiki near the front of the
document. Added a section on finding an Entry. Retrieving an Entry
now broken out into its own section. Changed the HTTP status code
for a successful editing of an Entry to 205.
Rev 02 - 7Jul2003 - Entries are no longer returned from POSTs,
instead they are retrieved via GET. Cleaned up figure titles, as
they are rendered poorly in HTML. All content-types have been
changed to application/atom+xml.
Rev 01 - 5Jul2003 - Renamed from EchoAPI.html to follow the more
commonly used format: draft-gregorio-NN.html. Renamed all references
to URL to URI. Broke out introspection into its own section. Added
the Revision History section. Added more to the warning that the
example URIs are not normative.
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Intellectual Property Statement
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might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
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Gregorio & de hOra Expires June 13, 2007 [Page 56]
Internet-Draft The Atom Publishing Protocol December 2006
Acknowledgment
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
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Gregorio & de hOra Expires June 13, 2007 [Page 57]
