BIER Working Group G. Mirsky Internet-Draft ZTE Corp. Intended status: Standards Track L. Zheng Expires: April 6, 2018 M. Chen Huawei Technologies G. Fioccola Telecom Italia October 3, 2017 Performance Measurement (PM) with Marking Method in Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Layer draft-ietf-bier-pmmm-oam-03 Abstract This document describes a hybrid performance measurement method for multicast service over Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) domain. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on April 6, 2018. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. Table of Contents 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. OAM Field in BIER Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.1. Single Mark Enabled Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4.2. Double Mark Enabled Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 8.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Introduction [I-D.ietf-bier-architecture] introduces and explains Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) architecture and how it supports forwarding of multicast data packets. [I-D.ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation] specified that in case of BIER encapsulation in MPLS network a BIER-MPLS label, label that is at the bottom of the label stack, uniquely identifies the multicast flow. [I-D.ietf-ippm-alt-mark] describes hybrid performance measurement method, per [RFC7799] classification of measurement methods. Packet Network Performance Monitoring (PNPM), which can be used to measure packet loss, latency and jitter on live traffic. Because this method is based on marking consecutive batches of packets the method often referred as Marking Method (MM). This document defines how marking method can be used on BIER layer to measure packet loss and delay metrics of a multicast flow in MPLS network. 2. Conventions used in this document 2.1. Terminology BFR: Bit-Forwarding Router BFER: Bit-Forwarding Egress Router Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 BFIR: Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router BIER: Bit Index Explicit Replication MM: Marking Method OAM: Operations, Administration and Maintenance 2.2. Requirements Language The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. 3. OAM Field in BIER Header [I-D.ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation] defined two bit long field, referred as OAM, designated for the marking performance measurement method. The OAM field MUST NOT be used in defining forwarding and/or quality of service treatment of a BIER packet. The OAM field MUST be used only for the performance measurement of data traffic in BIER layer. Because setting of the field to any value does not affect forwarding and/or quality of service treatment of a packet, the marking method in BIER layer can be viewed as example of hybrid performance measurement method. The Figure 1 displays format of the OAM field 0 0 1 +-+-+-+-+ | L | D | +-+-+-+-+ Figure 1: OAM field of BIER Header format where: o L - Loss flag; o D - Delay flag. Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 4. Theory of Operation The marking method can be successfully used in the multicast environment supported by BIER layer. Without limiting any generality consider multicast network presented in Figure 2. Any combination of markings, Loss and/or Delay, can be applied to a multicast flow by any Bit Forwarding Router (BFR) at either ingress or egress point to perform node, link, segment or end-to-end measurement to detect performance degradation defect and localize it efficiently. ----- --| D | ----- / ----- --| B |-- / ----- \ ----- / --| E | ----- / ----- | A |--- ----- ----- \ --| F | \ ----- / ----- --| C |-- ----- \ ----- --| G | ----- Figure 2: Multicast network Using the marking method a BFR creates distinct sub-flows in the particular multicast traffic over BIER layer. Each sub-flow consists of consecutive blocks that are unambiguously recognizable by a monitoring point at any BFR and can be measured to calculate packet loss and/or packet delay metrics. 4.1. Single Mark Enabled Measurement As explained in the [I-D.ietf-ippm-alt-mark], marking can be applied to delineate blocks of packets based either on equal number of packets in a block or based on equal time interval. The latter method offers better control as it allows better account for capabilities of downstream nodes to report statistics related to batches of packets and, at the same time, time resolution that affects defect detection interval. If the Single Mark measurement used to measure pcket loss, then the D flag MUST be set to zero on transmit and ignored by monitoring point. Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 The L flag is used to create alternate flows to measure the packet loss by switching value of the L flag every N-th packet or at certain time intervals. Delay metrics MAY be calculated with the alternate flow using any of the following methods: o First/Last Packet Delay calculation: whenever the marking, i.e. value of L flag, changes a BFR can store the timestamp of the first/last packet of the block. The timestamp can be compared with the timestamp of the packet that arrived in the same order through a monitoring point at downstream BFR to compute packet delay. Because timestamps collected based on order of arrival this method is sensitive to packet loss and re-ordering of packets o Average Packet Delay calculation: an average delay is calculated by considering the average arrival time of the packets within a single block. A BFR may collect timestamps for each packet received within a single block. Average of the timestamp is the sum of all the timestamps divided by the total number of packets received. Then difference between averages calculated at two monitoring points is the average packet delay on that segment. This method is robust to out of order packets and also to packet loss (only a small error is introduced). This method only provides single metric for the duration of the block and it doesn't give the minimum and maximum delay values. This limitation could be overcome by reducing the duration of the block by means of an highly optimized implementation of the method. 4.2. Double Mark Enabled Measurement Double Mark method allows measurement of minimum and maximum delays for the monitored flow but it requires more nodal and network resources. If the Double Mark method used, then the L flag MUST be used to create the alternate flow, i.e. mark larger batches of packets. The D flag MUST be used to mark single packets to measure delay jitter. The first marking (L flag alternation) is needed for packet loss and also for average delay measurement. The second marking (D flag is put to one) creates a new set of marked packets that are fully identified over the BIER network, so that a BFR can store the timestamps of these packets; these timestamps can be compared with the timestamps of the same packets on a second BFR to compute packet delay values for each packet. The number of measurements can be easily increased by changing the frequency of the second marking. But the frequency of the second marking must be not too high in order to avoid out of order issues. This method is useful to have not only the average delay but also the minimum and maximum delay values and, Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 in wider terms, to know more about the statistic distribution of delay values. 5. IANA Considerations This document requests IANA to register format of the OAM field of BIER Header as the following: +--------------+---------+--------------------------+---------------+ | Bit Position | Marking | Description | Reference | +--------------+---------+--------------------------+---------------+ | 0 | S | Single Mark Measurement | This document | | 1 | D | Double Mark Measurement | This document | +--------------+---------+--------------------------+---------------+ Table 1: OAM field of BIER Header 6. Security Considerations This document list the OAM requirement for BIER-enabled domain and does not raise any security concerns or issues in addition to ones common to networking. 7. Acknowledgement TBD 8. References 8.1. Normative References [I-D.ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation] Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Tantsura, J., Aldrin, S., and I. Meilik, "Encapsulation for Bit Index Explicit Replication in MPLS and non-MPLS Networks", draft-ietf-bier-mpls-encapsulation-09 (work in progress), September 2017. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. [RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174, May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>. Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft PM with Marking Method in BIER October 2017 8.2. Informative References [I-D.ietf-bier-architecture] Wijnands, I., Rosen, E., Dolganow, A., Przygienda, T., and S. Aldrin, "Multicast using Bit Index Explicit Replication", draft-ietf-bier-architecture-08 (work in progress), September 2017. [I-D.ietf-ippm-alt-mark] Fioccola, G., Capello, A., Cociglio, M., Castaldelli, L., Chen, M., Zheng, L., Mirsky, G., and T. Mizrahi, "Alternate Marking method for passive and hybrid performance monitoring", draft-ietf-ippm-alt-mark-12 (work in progress), October 2017. [RFC7799] Morton, A., "Active and Passive Metrics and Methods (with Hybrid Types In-Between)", RFC 7799, DOI 10.17487/RFC7799, May 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7799>. Authors' Addresses Greg Mirsky ZTE Corp. Email: gregimirsky@gmail.com Lianshu Zheng Huawei Technologies Email: vero.zheng@huawei.com Mach Chen Huawei Technologies Email: mach.chen@huawei.com Giuseppe Fioccola Telecom Italia Email: giuseppe.fioccola@telecomitalia.it Mirsky, et al. Expires April 6, 2018 [Page 7]