Network Working Group
INTERNET-DRAFT
Expires in: December 2003
Scott Poretsky
Avici Systems
Shankar Rao
Qwest Communications
Ray Piatt
Cable and Wireless
June 2003
Terminology for Benchmarking
Core Router Software Accelerated Life Testing
<draft-ietf-bmwg-acc-bench-term-00.txt>
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
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ABSTRACT
This terminology document provides the terms to be used for
benchmarking router software under accelerated stress conditions.
A framework is defined to configure routing protocols, security
policies, traffic forwarding, and management. Conditions to
produce instability and accelerate operational conditions are
also defined. Benchmarks for evaluating a router subjected to
the accelerated life test are introduced. The DUT configuration
and accelerated stress conditions emulate those of Internet
Core routers.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................... 2
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2. Existing definitions ....................................... 3
3. Term definitions............................................ 3
3.1 Configuration Modules..................................... 3
3.1.1 Control Plane Configuration Module.................... 4
3.1.2 Data Plane Configuration Module....................... 5
3.1.3 Management Configuration Module....................... 6
3.1.4 Security Configuration Module......................... 7
3.2 Configuration Sets...................................... 7
3.2.1 Control Plane Configuration Sets...................... 7
3.2.1.1 Routing Protocol Configuration Set.................. 7
3.2.1.2 Multicast Protocol Configuration Set................ 8
3.2.1.3 MPLS Protocol Configuration Set..................... 9
3.2.2 Data Plane Configuration Set.......................... 9
3.2.3 Management Configuration Sets.........................10
3.2.3.1 User Access Configuration Set.......................10
3.2.3.2 SNMP Configuration Set..............................10
3.2.3.3 Logging/Debug Configuration Set.....................11
3.2.3.4 Packet Statistics Collector Configuration...........11
3.2.4 Security Configuration Set............................11
3.2.4.1 ACL Configuration Set.................................12
3.3 Instability Conditions..................................12
3.3.1 Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate.......................12
3.3.2 BGP Route Flap Rate...................................13
3.3.3 IGP Route Flap Rate...................................13
3.3.4 Route Convergence Due to Better Next-Hop..............14
3.3.5 LSP Reroute Rate......................................14
3.3.6 Intended Test Duration................................15
3.4 Evaluation Benchmarks...................................15
3.4.1 Run-Time without Error................................15
3.4.2 Run-Time without Control Plane Error..................16
3.4.3 Run-Time without Data Plane Error.....................16
3.4.4 Run-Time without Management Plane Error...............17
3.4.5 Run-Time without Security Plane Error.................17
4. Security Considerations.....................................18
5. References..................................................18
6. Author's Address............................................18
7. Full Copyright Statement....................................19
Appendix 1 - White Box Benchmarks..............................19
1. Introduction
Router testing benchmarks have consistently been made in a
monolithic fashion in which a single protocol or behavior is
measured in an isolated environment. It is important to know the
limits for a router/switch's (hereby referred to as Router) behavior
for each protocol, however this does not produce a reliable benchmark
of the router's behavior in a deployed network. Routers in an
operational network are simultaneously configured with multiple
protocols and security policies while forwarding traffic and being
managed. To accurately benchmark a router for deployment it is
necessary to test that router in operational conditions by
simultaneously configuring the network protocols and security
policies, sourcing traffic, and managing the router. It is helpful
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Router Software Accelerated Life Testing
to accelerate these network operational conditions so that the
router under test can be benchmarked with faster test duration.
Testing a router in accelerated network conditions is known as
Accelerated Life Testing. White Box benchmarks are defined in
Appendix 1.
Accelerated Life Testing of Routers provides the following benefits:
1. Evaluation of multiple protocols enabled simultaneously as
configured in deployed networks
2. Evaluation of System and Software Stability
3. Evaluation of Manageability under stressful conditions
4. Identification of Software Coding bugs such as:
a. Memory Leaks
b. Suboptimal CPU Utilization
c. Coding Logic
These evaluations are externally observable to the DUT as control
plane or data plane errors.
Configuration and operational conditions vary for Core, Peering,
Aggregate, and Edge Routers. This document focuses on defining
the terminology for Accelerated Life Testing of Core Routers.
Terminology for configuring network conditions, accelerating
operational parameters, accelerating network instability, and
evaluating results are provided.
2. Existing definitions
RFC 1242 "Benchmarking Terminology for Network Interconnect
Devices" and RFC 2285 "Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching
Devices" should be consulted before attempting to make use of this
document.
For the sake of clarity and continuity this RFC adopts the template
for definitions set out in Section 2 of RFC 1242. Definitions are
indexed and grouped together in sections for ease of reference.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.
3. Term definitions
3.1 Configuration Modules
Definition:
The features and protocols enabled for the Accelerated Life
Test and conditions created during the test.
Discussion:
Features and Protocols are divided into four configuration
modules as shown in Figure 1. These are the Control Plane,
Data Plane, Management Plane, and Security Plane.
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Definitions for each of these modules are provided in the
following sections.
___________ ___________
| Control | | Management|
| Plane |___ ___| Plane |
| Module | | | | Module |
----------- | | -----------
\/ \/ ___________
___________ | Security |
| |<-----------| Plane |
| DUT | | Module |
|--->| |<---| -----------
| ----------- |
| |
| ___________ |
| | Data | |
|--->| Plane |<---|
| Module |
-----------
Figure 1. Configuration Modules
Measurement units: N/A
Issues: None
See Also:
Control Plane Configuration Module
Data Plane Configuration Module
Management Configuration Module
Security Configuration Module
3.1.1 Control Plane Configuration Module
Definition:
The control protocols enabled for the Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Control Plane Configuration Module is divided into three
Configuration Sets as shown in Figure 2. These are Routing
Protocol, Multicast, and MPLS. These can be enabled or
disabled for a benchmark test. For example, a network operator
that operates a network with BGP and an IGP without Multicast
and MPLS protocols can execute a benchmark test with the
Routing Protocol Configuration Set enabled and the Multicast
and MPLS Configuration Sets disabled. Configuration Sets are
further explained in the next section.
Measurement units: Enabled/Disabled
Issues:None
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____________ ____________ ____________
| Routing | | Multicast | | MPLS |
| Protocol |___ | Protocol | __| Protocol |
| Config Set | | | Config Set | | | Config Set |
------------ | ------------ | ------------
| | |
| | |
| \/ |
| ___________ |
| | | |
|------->| DUT |<------|
| |
-----------
Figure 2. Control Plane Configuration Module
See Also:
Routing Protocol Configuration Set
Multicast Protocol Configuration Set
MPLS Protocol Configuration Set
3.1.2 Data Plane Configuration Module
Definition:
The data traffic and interfaces enabled for the Accelerated
Life Test.
Discussion:
Accelerated Life Testing includes protocols, as defined by the
Control Plane Configuration Module, and data forwarding, as
defined by the Data Plane Configuration Module. As shown in
Figure 3, the Data Plane Configuration Module has a
corresponding Traffic Profile Configuration Set.
___________
| Traffic |
| Profile |___
| Config Set| |
----------- |
\/
____________
| |
| DUT |
| |
------------
Measurement Units:
Enabled/Disabled
See Also:
Traffic Profile Configuration Set
System Configuration Set
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3.1.3 Management Configuration Module
Definition:
The router management features enabled for the
Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
A key component of the Accelerated Life Test is the
Management Configuration Module to assess manageability
of the router under stress. The Management Configuration
Module can be divided into User Access Configuration Set,
SNMP Configuration Set, Logging/Debug Configuration Set,
and Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set as
shown in Figure 4.
____________ ____________ ____________
| User | | | | Logging/ |
| Access | | SNMP | __| Debug |
| Config Set | | Config Set | | | Config Set |
------------ ------------ | ------------
| | |
| | |
| \/ |
| ___________ |
| | | |
|------->| DUT |<-----|
| |
-----------
|
|
\/
___________
| Packet |
| Statistics|
| Collector |
| Config Set|
-----------
Figure 4. Management Configuration Module
Measurement units:
Enabled/Disabled
Issues:
None
See Also:
User Access Configuration Set
SNMP Configuration Set
Logging/Debug Configuration Set
Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set
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3.1.4 Security Configuration Module
Definition:
Security features enabled for the Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Accelerated Life Testing of Core Router can include
configuration of Security features. The Security
Configuration Module includes the ACL Configuration
Set, Secure Protocol Configuration Set, and User Login
Configuration Set as shown in Figure 5.
____________ ____________ ____________
| | | Secure | | User |
| ACL | | Protocol | __| Login |
| Config Set | | Config Set | | | Config Set |
------------ ------------ | ------------
| | |
| | |
| \/ |
| ___________ |
| | | |
|-------> | DUT |<--------|
| |
-----------
Figure 5. Security Configuration Module
Measurement units:
Enabled/Disabled
Issues:
None
See Also:
ACL Configuration Set
Secure Protocol Configuration Set
Password Login Configuration Set
3.2 Configuration Sets
3.2.1 Control Plane Configuration Sets
3.2.1.1 Routing Protocol Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of Routing Protocols configuration for Accelerated
Life Test.
Discussion:
The Routing Protocol Configuration Set is one of the
Control Plane Configuration Sets BGP, MBGP, ISIS, OSPF are
the routing protocols that can be enabled or disabled in
any combination. The specific protocol parameters used to
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establish the test conditions are also provided in the table.
Measurement units:
PARAMETER UNITS
BGP Enabled/Disabled
Number of EBGP Peers Peers
Number of IBGP Peers Peers
Number of BGP Route Instances Routes
Number of BGP Installed Routes Routes
MBGP Enabled/Disabled
Number of MBGP Route Instances Routes
Number of MBGP Installed Routes Routes
ISIS Enabled/Disabled
ISIS-TE Enabled/Disabled
Number of ISIS Adjacencies Adjacencies
Number of ISIS Routes Routes
Number of Nodes per Area Nodes
OSPF Enabled/Disabled
OSPF-TE Enabled/Disabled
Number of OSPF Adjacencies Adjacencies
Number of OSPF Routes Routes
Number of Nodes per Area Nodes
Issues:
None
See Also:
Control Plane Configuration Module
Multicast Protocol Configuration Set
MPLS Protocol Configuration Set
3.2.1.2 Multicast Protocol Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of Multicast Protocols configuration for Accelerated
Life Test.
Discussion:
The Multicast Protocol Configuration Set is one of the
Control Plane Configuration Sets PIM-SM and MSDP are
the routing protocols that can be enabled or disabled in
any combination. The specific protocol parameters used to
establish the test conditions are also provided in the table.
Measurement units:
PARAMETER UNITS
PIM-SM Enabled/Disabled
RP Enabled/Disabled
Number of Multicast Groups Groups
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MSDP Enabled/Disabled
Issues:
None
See Also:
Control Plane Configuration Module
Routing Protocol Configuration Set
MPLS Protocol Configuration Set
3.2.1.3 MPLS Protocol Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of MPLS Protocols configuration for Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
The MPLS Protocol Configuration Set is one of the Control Plane
Configuration Sets MPLS-TE (RSVP-TE, ISIS-TE, OSPF-TE) and LDP
are the routing protocols that can be enabled or disabled in any
combination. The specific protocol parameters used to establish
the test conditions are also provided in the table.
Measurement units:
PARAMETER UNITS
MPLS-TE
Number of Ingress Tunnels Tunnels
Number of Mid-Point Tunnels Tunnels
Number of Egress Tunnels Tunnels
LDP
Number of Sessions Sessions
Number of FECs FECs
Issues:
None
See Also:
Control Plane Configuration Module
Routing Protocol Configuration Set
Multicast Protocol Configuration Set
3.2.2 Data Plane Configuration Sets
3.2.2.1 Data Plane Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of Forwarded Traffic configuration for Accelerated Life
Test.
Discussion:
Measurement units:
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PARAMETER UNITS
Traffic Forwarding Enabled/Disabled
Packet Size Byte Size Distribution
Number of Flows Flows
Offered Load bps (or pps) Aggregate
Number of Interfaces Interfaces
Issues:
None
See Also:
Data Plane Configuration Module
3.2.3 Management Configuration Sets
3.2.3.1 User Access Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of User Access methods during Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Measurement units:
PARAMETER UNITS
Telnet Rate Sessions/Hour
FTP Rate Sessions/Hour
Concurrent Telnet Sessions Sessions
Concurrent FTP Session Sessions
SSH Enabled/Disabled
RADIUS Enabled/Disabled
TACACS Enabled/Disabled
Issues:
None
See Also:
Management Configuration Module
SNMP Configuration Set
Logging/Debug Configuration Set
Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set
3.2.3.2 SNMP Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of SNMP Configuration for the Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Measurement units:
SNMP GET Rate SNMP Gets/minute
Issues:
None
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See Also:
Management Configuration Module
User Access Configuration Set
Logging/Debug Configuration Set
Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set
3.2.3.3 Logging/Debug Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of Logging and Debug configuration for the
Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Measurement units:
Logging Enabled/Disabled
Protocol Debug Enabled/Disabled
Issues:
None
See Also:
Management Configuration Module
User Access Configuration Set
SNMP Configuration Set
Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set
3.2.3.4 Packet Statistics Collector Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of Packet Statistics Collection for the
Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
Measurement units:
Packet Statistics Collector Enabled/Disabled
Sampling Rate X:1 packets
Issues:
None
See Also:
Management Configuration Module
User Access Configuration Set
SNMP Configuration Set
Logging/Debug Configuration Set
3.2.4 Security Configuration Sets
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3.2.4.1 ACL Configuration Set
Definition:
Table of ACL configuration for the Accelerated Life Test
Discussion:
Measurement units:
Access-Control Lists Enabled/Disabled
Number of ACLs ACLs
ACL Depth ACEs
Issues:
None
See Also:
Security Configuration Module
3.3 Instability Conditions
Definition:
Test conditions that occur during the Accelerated Life Test
that are typical of instability in an operational network.
These conditions occur at a much greater rate during the
test.
Discussion:
Configuration Modules and Configuration Sets establish the
configuration of the DUT for the Accelerated Life Test.
Instability Conditions are events that occur during the
Accelerated Life Test to stress the router.
Measurement units:
N/A
Issues:
None
See Also:
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
BGP Route Flap Rate
IGP Route Flap Rate
Route Convergence Due to Better Next-Hop
LSP Reroute Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.1 Interface Shutdown Rate
Definition:
The rate at which physical interfaces are shutdown on the DUT.
Discussion:
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This instability condition is an administrative shutdown or remote
loss of carrier for every interface of the DUT. This produces great
instability on the DUT due to continuous protocol session loss and
convergence.
Measurement units:
number of interface shutdowns per minute
Issues:
None
See Also:
Instability Conditions
Route Flap Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.2 BGP Route Flap Rate
Definition:
The rate at which BGP routes installed in the route table are
flapped.
Discussion:
This instability condition defines the rate of repeated
installation, withdrawal,and installation of routes installed in
the route table. This produces great instability on the DUT due
to continuous changes to the forwarding table.
Measurement units:
routes flapped per second
Issues:
None
See Also:
Instability Conditions
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.3 IGP Route Flap Rate
Definition:
The rate at which IGP routes installed in the route table are
flapped.
Discussion:
This instability condition defines the rate of repeated
installation, withdrawal,and installation of routes installed in
the route table. This produces great instability on the DUT due
to continuous changes to the forwarding table.
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Measurement units:
routes flapped per second
Issues:
None
See Also:
Instability Conditions
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.4 Route Convergence Due to Better Next-Hop
Definition:
The rate at which routes in the FIB are replaced by a route
instance in the RIB with a different next-hop becoming more
preferred.
Discussion:
The route changes are due to attribute and TLV changes. RIB
contains routes matching those in the FIB. Convergence due
to better path can occur for BGP and IGP routes.
Measurement units:
more preferred routes per second
Issues:
None
See Also:
Instability Conditions
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.5 LSP Reroute Rate
Definition:
The rate at which established LSPs experience a failure condition
and are forced to reroute.
Discussion:
This instability condition defines the rate of repeated LSP
reroutes. This produces great instability on the DUT due to
continuous tunnel path calculations and changes to the
forwarding table. Rerouting can be performed with Headend
Reroute, Standby LSP, or Fast Reroute.
Measurement units:
routes flapped per second
Issues:
None
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See Also:
Instability Conditions
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
Target Run Time
3.3.6 Intended Test Duration
Definition:
The maximum targetted run time for Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
This is an instability condition because the protocol sessions
and scaling values must be maintained for this specified time with
interfaceshutdowns and route flapping. The test may be halted
upon reaching the Intended Test Duration.
Measurement units:
Hours
Issues:
None
See Also:
Instability Conditions
Interface Shutdown Cycling Rate
Route Flap Rate
3.4 Evaluation Benchmarks
3.4.1 Run-Time without Error
Definition:
The run-time for the Accelerated Life Test without the DUT
exhibiting an error in the control plane, data plane, management
plane, or security plane.
Discussion:
For a successful test, the Run-Time Without Error will equal the
Intended Test Duration. In the event of any failure, the Run-Time
Without Error is less than the Intended Test Duration and will equal
the maximum of the Run-Time without Control Plane Error, Run-Time
without Data Plane Error, Run-Time without Management Plane Error,
and Run-Time without Security Plane Error.
Measurement units:
Hours and Minutes
Issues:
None
See Also:
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Intended Test Duration
Run-Time without Control Plane Error
Run-Time without Data Plane Error
Run-Time without Management Plane Error
Run-Time without Security Plane Error
3.4.2 Run-Time without Control Plane Error
Definition:
The run-time for the Accelerated Life Test without the DUT
exhibiting an error in the control plane to Routing, Multicast,
and MPLS Protocol.
Discussion:
For a successful test, the Run-Time Without Control Plane Error
will equal the Run-Time without Error. In the event of a Control
Plane failure, the Run-Time Without Control Plane Error is less
than the Run-Time without Error.
Measurement units:
Hours and Minutes
Issues:
None
See Also:
Intended Test Duration
Run-Time without Error
Run-Time without Data Plane Error
Run-Time without Management Plane Error
Run-Time without Security Plane Error
3.4.3 Run-Time without Data Plane Error
Definition:
The run-time for the Accelerated Life Test without the DUT
exhibiting an error in the Data Plane for traffic forwarding
or DUT interfaces.
Discussion:
For a successful test, the Run-Time Without Data Plane Error
will equal the Run-Time without Error. In the event of a Data
Plane failure, the Run-Time Without Data Plane Error is less
than the Run-Time without Error.
Measurement units:
Hours and Minutes
Issues:
None
See Also:
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Intended Test Duration
Run-Time without Error
Run-Time without Control Plane Error
Run-Time without Management Plane Error
Run-Time without Security Plane Error
3.4.4 Run-Time without Management Plane Error
Definition:
The run-time for the Accelerated Life Test without the DUT
exhibiting an error in the Management Plane to User Access,
SNMP, or Logging/Debug.
Discussion:
For a successful test, the Run-Time Without Management Plane
Error will equal the Run-Time without Error. In the event of
a Management Plane failure, the Run-Time Without Management
Plane Error is less than the Run-Time without Error.
Measurement units:
Hours and Minutes
Issues:
None
See Also:
Intended Test Duration
Run-Time without Error
Run-Time without Control Plane Error
Run-Time without Data Plane Error
Run-Time without Security Plane Error
3.4.5 Run-Time without Security Plane Error
Definition:
The run-time for the Accelerated Life Test without the DUT
exhibiting an error in the Security Plane to ACLs.
Discussion:
For a successful test, the Run-Time Without Security Plane
Error will equal the Run-Time without Error. In the event
of a Security Plane failure, the Run-Time Without Control
Plane Error is less than the Run-Time without Error.
Measurement units:
Hours and Minutes
Issues:
None
See Also:
Intended Test Duration
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Run-Time without Error
Run-Time without Control Plane Error
Run-Time without Data Plane Error
Run-Time without Management Plane Error
4. Security Considerations
Documents of this type do not directly effect the security of
the Internet or of corporate networks as long as benchmarking
is not performed on devices or systems connected to operating
networks.
5. References
[1] Bradner, S., Editor, "Benchmarking Terminology for Network
Interconnection Devices", RFC 1242, July 1991.
[2] Mandeville, R., "Benchmarking Terminology for LAN Switching
Devices", RFC 2285, June 1998.
[3] Bradner, S. and McQuaid, J., "Benchmarking Methodology for
Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999.
[4] "Core Router Evaluation for Higher Availability", Scott
Poretsky, NANOG 25, June 8, 2002, Toronto, CA.
[5] "Router Stress Testing to Validate Readiness for Network
Deployment", Scott Poretsky, IEEE CQR 2003.
6. Author's Address
Scott Poretsky
Avici Systems
101 Billerica Avenue
N. Billerica, MA 01862
USA
Phone: + 1 978 964 2287
EMail: sporetsky@avici.com
Shankar Rao
Qwest Communications
Denver, CO
USA
Phone: + 1 303 437 6643
Email: srao@qwest.net
Ray Piatt
Cable and Wireless
11700 Plaza America Drive
Reston, VA 20190
USA
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Phone: + 1 703 292 2113
Email: rpiatt@cw.net
7. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights
Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and
furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or
otherwise explain it or assist in its implementation may be
prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in
part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above
copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such
copies and derivative works. However, this document itself may
not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright
notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet
organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights
defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or
as required to translate it into languages other than English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will
not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or
assigns. This document and the information contained herein is
provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY
THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY
RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Appendix 1. White Box Benchmarking Terminology
Appendix 1.1 Minimum Available Memory
Definition:
Minimum DUT Available Memory during the duration of the
Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
It is necessary to monitor DUT memory to measure this
benchmark.
Measurement units:
bytes
Issues:
None
See Also:
Maximum CPU Utilization
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Appendix 1.2 Maximum CPU Utilization
Definition:
Maximum DUT CPU utilization during the duration of the
Accelerated Life Test.
Discussion:
It is necessary to monitor DUT CPU Utilization to measure
this benchmark.
Measurement units:
%
Issues:
None
See Also:
Minimum Available Memory
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