Benchmarking Methodology Working Group                      B. Balarajah
Internet-Draft
Intended status: Informational                           C. Rossenhoevel
Expires: September 6, 2019                                      EANTC AG
                                                              B. Monkman
                                                              NetSecOPEN
                                                           March 5, 2019


    Benchmarking Methodology for Network Security Device Performance
                  draft-ietf-bmwg-ngfw-performance-00

Abstract

   This document provides benchmarking terminology and methodology for
   next-generation network security devices including next-generation
   firewalls (NGFW), intrusion detection and prevention solutions (IDS/
   IPS) and unified threat management (UTM) implementations.  This
   document aims to strongly improve the applicability, reproducibility,
   and transparency of benchmarks and to align the test methodology with
   today's increasingly complex layer 7 application use cases.  The main
   areas covered in this document are test terminology, traffic profiles
   and benchmarking methodology for NGFWs to start with.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on September 6, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents



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   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Requirements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.1.  Testbed Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     4.2.  DUT/SUT Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     4.3.  Test Equipment Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       4.3.1.  Client Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
       4.3.2.  Backend Server Configuration  . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       4.3.3.  Traffic Flow Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
       4.3.4.  Traffic Load Profile  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  Test Bed Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   6.  Reporting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
     6.1.  Key Performance Indicators  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
   7.  Benchmarking Tests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
     7.1.  Throughput Performance With NetSecOPEN Traffic Mix  . . .  17
       7.1.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       7.1.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       7.1.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
       7.1.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results  . . . . . . . .  19
     7.2.  TCP/HTTP Connections Per Second . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       7.2.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       7.2.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       7.2.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
       7.2.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results  . . . . . . . .  22
     7.3.  HTTP Throughput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       7.3.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       7.3.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       7.3.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
       7.3.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results  . . . . . . . .  25
     7.4.  TCP/HTTP Transaction Latency  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       7.4.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       7.4.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       7.4.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
       7.4.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results  . . . . . . . .  28
     7.5.  Concurrent TCP/HTTP Connection Capacity . . . . . . . . .  29
       7.5.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29
       7.5.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29



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       7.5.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
       7.5.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results  . . . . . . . .  31
     7.6.  TCP/HTTPS Connections per second  . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
       7.6.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  32
       7.6.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       7.6.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
       7.6.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results  . . . . . . . .  35
     7.7.  HTTPS Throughput  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       7.7.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       7.7.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       7.7.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  36
       7.7.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results  . . . . . . . .  39
     7.8.  HTTPS Transaction Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
       7.8.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
       7.8.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
       7.8.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  40
       7.8.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results  . . . . . . . .  42
     7.9.  Concurrent TCP/HTTPS Connection Capacity  . . . . . . . .  43
       7.9.1.  Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
       7.9.2.  Test Setup  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
       7.9.3.  Test Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
       7.9.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results  . . . . . . . .  45
   8.  Formal Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
   9.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
   11. Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
   Appendix A.  NetSecOPEN Basic Traffic Mix . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  56

1.  Introduction

   15 years have passed since IETF recommended test methodology and
   terminology for firewalls initially ([RFC2647], [RFC3511]).  The
   requirements for network security element performance and
   effectiveness have increased tremendously since then.  Security
   function implementations have evolved to more advanced areas and have
   diversified into intrusion detection and prevention, threat
   management, analysis of encrypted traffic, etc.  In an industry of
   growing importance, well-defined and reproducible key performance
   indicators (KPIs) are increasingly needed: They enable fair and
   reasonable comparison of network security functions.  All these
   reasons have led to the creation of a new next-generation firewall
   benchmarking document.





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2.  Requirements

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119], [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

3.  Scope

   This document provides testing terminology and testing methodology
   for next-generation firewalls and related security functions.  It
   covers two main areas: Performance benchmarks and security
   effectiveness testing.  This document focuses on advanced, realistic,
   and reproducible testing methods.  Additionally, it describes test
   bed environments, test tool requirements and test result formats.

4.  Test Setup

   Test setup defined in this document is applicable to all benchmarking
   test scenarios described in Section 7.

4.1.  Testbed Configuration

   Testbed configuration MUST ensure that any performance implications
   that are discovered during the benchmark testing aren't due to the
   inherent physical network limitations such as number of physical
   links and forwarding performance capabilities (throughput and
   latency) of the network devise in the testbed.  For this reason, this
   document recommends avoiding external devices such as switches and
   routers in the testbed wherever possible.

   However, in the typical deployment, the security devices (DUT/SUT)
   are connected to routers and switches which will reduce the number of
   entries in MAC or ARP tables of the DUT/SUT.  If MAC or ARP tables
   have many entries, this may impact the actual DUT/SUT performance due
   to MAC and ARP/ND table lookup processes.  Therefore, it is
   RECOMMENDED to connect aggregation switches or routers between test
   equipment and DUT/SUT as shown in Figure 1.  The aggregation switches
   or routers can be also used to aggregate the test equipment or DUT/
   SUT ports, if the numbers of used ports are mismatched between test
   equipment and DUT/SUT.

   If the test equipment is capable of emulating layer 3 routing
   functionality and there is no need for test equipment port
   aggregation, it is RECOMMENDED to configure the test setup as shown
   in Figure 2.




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    +-------------------+      +-----------+      +--------------------+
    |Aggregation Switch/|      |           |      | Aggregation Switch/|
    | Router            +------+  DUT/SUT  +------+ Router             |
    |                   |      |           |      |                    |
    +----------+--------+      +-----------+      +--------+-----------+
               |                                           |
               |                                           |
   +-----------+-----------+                   +-----------+-----------+
   |                       |                   |                       |
   | +-------------------+ |                   | +-------------------+ |
   | | Emulated Router(s)| |                   | | Emulated Router(s)| |
   | |     (Optional)    | |                   | |     (Optional)    | |
   | +-------------------+ |                   | +-------------------+ |
   | +-------------------+ |                   | +-------------------+ |
   | |      Clients      | |                   | |      Servers      | |
   | +-------------------+ |                   | +-------------------+ |
   |                       |                   |                       |
   |    Test Equipment     |                   |    Test Equipment     |
   +-----------------------+                   +-----------------------+

                    Figure 1: Testbed Setup - Option 1

   +-----------------------+                   +-----------------------+
   | +-------------------+ |   +-----------+   | +-------------------+ |
   | | Emulated Router(s)| |   |           |   | | Emulated Router(s)| |
   | |    (Optional)     | +----- DUT/SUT  +-----+    (Optional)     | |
   | +-------------------+ |   |           |   | +-------------------+ |
   | +-------------------+ |   +-----------+   | +-------------------+ |
   | |     Clients       | |                   | |      Servers      | |
   | +-------------------+ |                   | +-------------------+ |
   |                       |                   |                       |
   |   Test Equipment      |                   |   Test Equipment      |
   +-----------------------+                   +-----------------------+

                    Figure 2: Testbed Setup - Option 2

4.2.  DUT/SUT Configuration

   A unique DUT/SUT configuration MUST be used for all benchmarking
   tests described in Section 7.  Since each DUT/SUT will have their own
   unique configuration, users SHOULD configure their device with the
   same parameters that would be used in the actual deployment of the
   device or a typical deployment.  Users MUST enable security features
   on the DUT/SUT to achieve maximum security coverage for a specific
   deployment scenario.

   This document attempts to define the recommended security features
   which SHOULD be consistently enabled for all the benchmarking tests



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   described in Section 7.  Table 1 below describes the RECOMMENDED sets
   of feature list which SHOULD be configured on the DUT/SUT.

   Based on customer use case, users MAY enable or disable SSL
   inspection feature for "Throughput Performance with NetSecOPEN
   Traffic Mix" test scenario described in Section 7.1

   To improve repeatability, a summary of the DUT configuration
   including description of all enabled DUT/SUT features MUST be
   published with the benchmarking results.

                   +---------------------+
                   |         NGFW        |
   +-------------- +-----------+---------+
   |               |           |         |
   |DUT Features   | Mandatory | Optional|
   |               |           |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |SSL Inspection |     x     |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |IDS/IPS        |     x     |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Web Filtering  |           |    x    |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Antivirus      |     x     |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Anti Spyware   |     x     |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Anti Botnet    |     x     |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |DLP            |           |    x    |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |DDoS           |           |    x    |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Certificate    |           |    x    |
   |Validation     |           |         |
   +-------------------------------------+
   |Logging and    |     x     |         |
   |Reporting      |           |         |
   +-------------- +---------------------+
   |Application    |     x     |         |
   |Identification |           |         |
   +---------------+-----------+---------+

                       Table 1: DUT/SUT Feature List

   In summary, DUT/SUT SHOULD be configured as follows:




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   o  All security inspection enabled

   o  Disposition of all traffic is logged - Logging to an external
      device is permissible

   o  Detection of CVEs matching the following characteristics when
      searching the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)


      *  CVSS Version: 2

      *  CVSS V2 Metrics: AV:N/Au:N/I:C/A:C

      *  AV=Attack Vector, Au=Authentication, I=Integrity and
         A=Availability

      *  CVSS V2 Severity: High (7-10)

      *  If doing a group test the published start date and published
         end date SHOULD be the same

   o  Geographical location filtering and Application Identification and
      Control configured to be triggered based on a site or application
      from the defined traffic mix

   In addition, it is also RECOMMENDED to configure a realistic number
   of access policy rules on the DUT/SUT.  This document determines the
   number of access policy rules for three different classes of DUT/SUT.
   The classification of the DUT/SUT MAY be based on its maximum
   supported firewall throughput performance number defined in the
   vendor data sheet.  This document classifies the DUT/SUT in three
   different categories; namely small, medium, and maximum.

   The RECOMMENDED throughput values for the following classes are:

   Extra Small (XS) - supported throughput less than 1Gbit/s

   Small (S) - supported throughput less than 5Gbit/s

   Medium (M) - supported throughput greater than 5Gbit/s and less than
   10Gbit/s

   Large (L) - supported throughput greater than 10Gbit/s

   The Access Conrol Rules (ACL) defined in Table 2 SHOULD be configured
   from top to bottom in the correct order as shown in the table.
   (Note: There will be differences between how security vendors




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   implement ACL decision making.)  The configured ACL MUST NOT block
   the test traffic used for the benchmarking test scenarios.

   +---------------------------------------------------+---------------+
   |                                                   | DUD/SUT       |
   |                                                   | Classification|
   |                                                   | #rules        |
   +-----------+-----------+------------------+------------+---+---+---+
   |           | Match     |                  |        |   |   |   |   |
   | Rules Type| Criteria  |   Description    | Action | XS| S | M | L |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |Application|Application| Any application  |  block | 5 | 10| 20| 50|
   |layer      |           | traffic NOT      |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | included in the  |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | test traffic     |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-----------------------+ ------------------------------------------+
   |Transport  |Src IP and | Any src IP subnet|  block | 25| 50|100|250|
   |layer      |TCP/UDP    | used in the test |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |Dst ports  | AND any dst ports|        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | NOT used in the  |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | test traffic     |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |IP layer   |Src/Dst IP | Any src/dst IP   |  block | 25| 50|100|250|
   |           |           | subnet NOT used  |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | in the test      |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |Application|Application| Applications     |  allow | 10| 10| 10| 10|
   |layer      |           | included in the  |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | test traffic     |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |Transport  |Src IP and | Half of the src  |  allow |  1|  1|  1|  1|
   |layer      |TCP/UDP    | IP used in the   |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |Dst ports  | test AND any dst |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | ports used in the|        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | test traffic. One|        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | rule per subnet  |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |IP layer   |Src IP     | The rest of the  |  allow |  1|  1|  1|  1|
   |           |           | src IP subnet    |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | range used in the|        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | test. One rule   |        |   |   |   |   |
   |           |           | per subnet       |        |   |   |   |   |
   +-----------+-----------+------------------+--------+---+---+---+---+

                       Table 2: DUT/SUT Access List






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4.3.  Test Equipment Configuration

   In general, test equipment allows configuring parameters in different
   protocol layers.  These parameters thereby influence the traffic
   flows which will be offered and impact performance measurements.

   This document specifies common test equipment configuration
   parameters applicable for all test scenarios defined in Section 7.
   Any test scenario specific parameters are described under the test
   setup section of each test scenario individually.

4.3.1.  Client Configuration

   This section specifies which parameters SHOULD be considered while
   configuring clients using test equipment.  Also, this section
   specifies the recommended values for certain parameters.

4.3.1.1.  TCP Stack Attributes

   The TCP stack SHOULD use a TCP Reno [RFC5681] variant, which include
   congestion avoidance, back off and windowing, fast retransmission,
   and fast recovery on every TCP connection between client and server
   endpoints.  The default IPv4 and IPv6 MSS segments size MUST be set
   to 1460 bytes and 1440 bytes respectively and a TX and RX receive
   windows of 65536 bytes.  Client initial congestion window MUST NOT
   exceed 10 times the MSS.  Delayed ACKs are permitted and the maximum
   client delayed Ack MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS before a forced
   ACK.  Up to 3 retries SHOULD be allowed before a timeout event is
   declared.  All traffic MUST set the TCP PSH flag to high.  The source
   port range SHOULD be in the range of 1024 - 65535.  Internal timeout
   SHOULD be dynamically scalable per RFC 793.  Client SHOULD initiate
   and close TCP connections.  TCP connections MUST be closed via FIN.

4.3.1.2.  Client IP Address Space

   The sum of the client IP space SHOULD contain the following
   attributes.  The traffic blocks SHOULD consist of multiple unique,
   discontinuous static address blocks.  A default gateway is permitted.
   The IPv4 ToS byte or IPv6 traffic class should be set to '00' or
   '000000' respectively.

   The following equation can be used to determine the required total
   number of client IP address.

   Desired total number of client IP = Target throughput [Mbit/s] /
   Throughput per IP address [Mbit/s]





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   Based on deployment and use case scenario, the value for "Throughput
   per IP address" can be varied.

   (Option 1)  Enterprise customer use case: 6-7 Mbps per IP (e.g.
               1,400-1,700 IPs per 10Gbit/s throughput)

   (Option 2)  Mobile ISP use case: 0.1-0.2 Mbps per IP (e.g.
               50,000-100,000 IPs per 10Gbit/s throughput)

   Based on deployment and use case scenario, client IP addresses SHOULD
   be distributed between IPv4 and IPv6 type.  The Following options can
   be considered for a selection of traffic mix ratio.

   (Option 1)  100 % IPv4, no IPv6

   (Option 2)  80 % IPv4, 20% IPv6

   (Option 3)  50 % IPv4, 50% IPv6

   (Option 4)  20 % IPv4, 80% IPv6

   (Option 5)  no IPv4, 100% IPv6

4.3.1.3.  Emulated Web Browser Attributes

   The emulated web browser contains attributes that will materially
   affect how traffic is loaded.  The objective is to emulate modern,
   typical browser attributes to improve realism of the result set.

   For HTTP traffic emulation, the emulated browser MUST negotiate HTTP
   1.1.  HTTP persistency MAY be enabled depending on test scenario.
   The browser MAY open multiple TCP connections per Server endpoint IP
   at any time depending on how many sequential transactions are needed
   to be processed.  Within the TCP connection multiple transactions MAY
   be processed if the emulated browser has available connections.  The
   browser SHOULD advertise a User-Agent header.  Headers MUST be sent
   uncompressed.  The browser SHOULD enforce content length validation.

   For encrypted traffic, the following attributes SHALL define the
   negotiated encryption parameters.  The test clients MUST use TLSv1.2
   or higher.  TLS record size MAY be optimized for the HTTPS response
   object size up to a record size of 16 KByte.  The client endpoint
   MUST send TLS Extension Server Name Indication (SNI) information when
   opening a security tunnel.  Each client connection MUST perform a
   full handshake with servercertificate and MUST NOT use session reuse
   or resumption.  Cipher suite and key size should be defined in the
   parameter session of each test scenario.




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4.3.2.  Backend Server Configuration

   This document specifies which parameters should be considerable while
   configuring emulated backend servers using test equipment.

4.3.2.1.  TCP Stack Attributes

   The TCP stack on the server side SHOULD be configured similar to the
   client side configuration described in Section 4.3.1.1.  In addition,
   server initial congestion window MUST NOT exceed 10 times the MSS.
   Delayed ACKs are permitted and the maximum server delayed ACK MUST
   NOT exceed 10 times the MSS before a forced ACK.

4.3.2.2.  Server Endpoint IP Addressing

   The server IP blocks SHOULD consist of unique, discontinuous static
   address blocks with one IP per Server Fully Qualified Domain Name
   (FQDN) endpoint per test port.  The IPv4 ToS byte and IPv6 traffic
   class bytes should be set to '00' and '000000' respectively.

4.3.2.3.  HTTP / HTTPS Server Pool Endpoint Attributes

   The server pool for HTTP SHOULD listen on TCP port 80 and emulate
   HTTP version 1.1 with persistence.  The Server MUST advertise server
   type in the Server response header [RFC2616].  For HTTPS server, TLS
   1.2 or higher MUST be used with a maximum record size of 16 KBytes
   and MUST NOT use ticket resumption or Session ID reuse . The server
   MUST listen on port TCP 443.  The server SHALL serve a certificate to
   the client.  It is REQUIRED that the HTTPS server also check Host SNI
   information with the FQDN.  Cipher suite and key size should be
   defined in the parameter section of each test scenario.

4.3.3.  Traffic Flow Definition

   This section describes the traffic pattern between client and server
   endpoints.  At the beginning of the test, the server endpoint
   initializes and will be ready to accept connection states including
   initialization of the TCP stack as well as bound HTTP and HTTPS
   servers.  When a client endpoint is needed, it will initialize and be
   given attributes such as a MAC and IP address.  The behavior of the
   client is to sweep though the given server IP space, sequentially
   generating a recognizable service by the DUT.  Thus, a balanced, mesh
   between client endpoints and server endpoints will be generated in a
   client port server port combination.  Each client endpoint performs
   the same actions as other endpoints, with the difference being the
   source IP of the client endpoint and the target server IP pool.  The
   client SHALL use Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) in Host Headers
   and for TLS Server Name Indication (SNI).



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4.3.3.1.  Description of Intra-Client Behavior

   Client endpoints are independent of other clients that are
   concurrently executing.  When a client endpoint initiates traffic,
   this section describes how the client steps though different
   services.  Once the test is initialized, the client endpoints SHOULD
   randomly hold (perform no operation) for a few milliseconds to allow
   for better randomization of start of client traffic.  Each client
   will either open a new TCP connection or connect to a TCP persistence
   stack still open to that specific server.  At any point that the
   service profile may require encryption, a TLS encryption tunnel will
   form presenting the URL request to the server.  The server will then
   perform an SNI name check with the proposed FQDN compared to the
   domain embedded in the certificate.  Only when correct, will the
   server process the HTTPS response object.  The initial response
   object to the server MUST NOT have a fixed size; its size is based on
   benchmarking tests described in Section 7.  Multiple additional sub-
   URLs (response objects on the service page) MAY be requested
   simultaneously.  This MAY be to the same server IP as the initial
   URL.  Each sub-object will also use a conical FQDN and URL path, as
   observed in the traffic mix used.

4.3.4.  Traffic Load Profile

   The loading of traffic is described in this section.  The loading of
   a traffic load profile has five distinct phases: Init, ramp up,
   sustain, ramp down, and collection.

   1.  During the Init phase, test bed devices including the client and
       server endpoints should negotiate layer 2-3 connectivity such as
       MAC learning and ARP.  Only after successful MAC learning or ARP/
       ND resolution SHALL the test iteration move to the next phase.
       No measurements are made in this phase.  The minimum RECOMMEND
       time for Init phase is 5 seconds.  During this phase, the
       emulated clients SHOULD NOT initiate any sessions with the DUT/
       SUT, in contrast, the emulated servers should be ready to accept
       requests from DUT/SUT or from emulated clients.

   2.  In the ramp up phase, the test equipment SHOULD start to generate
       the test traffic.  It SHOULD use a set approximate number of
       unique client IP addresses actively to generate traffic.  The
       traffic SHOULD ramp from zero to desired target objective.  The
       target objective will be defined for each benchmarking test.  The
       duration for the ramp up phase MUST be configured long enough, so
       that the test equipment does not overwhelm DUT/SUT's supported
       performance metrics namely; connections per second, concurrent
       TCP connections, and application transactions per second.  The




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       RECOMMENDED time duration for the ramp up phase is 180-300
       seconds.  No measurements are made in this phase.

   3.  In the sustain phase, the test equipment SHOULD continue
       generating traffic to constant target value for a constant number
       of active client IPs.  The RECOMMENDED time duration for sustain
       phase is 600 seconds.  This is the phase where measurements
       occur.

   4.  In the ramp down/close phase, no new connections are established,
       and no measurements are made.  The time duration for ramp up and
       ramp down phase SHOULD be same.  The RECOMMENDED duration of this
       phase is between 180 to 300 seconds.

   5.  The last phase is administrative and will occur when the test
       equipment merges and collates the report data.

5.  Test Bed Considerations

   This section recommends steps to control the test environment and
   test equipment, specifically focusing on virtualized environments and
   virtualized test equipment.

   1.  Ensure that any ancillary switching or routing functions between
       the system under test and the test equipment do not limit the
       performance of the traffic generator.  This is specifically
       important for virtualized components (vSwitches, vRouters).

   2.  Verify that the performance of the test equipment matches and
       reasonably exceeds the expected maximum performance of the system
       under test.

   3.  Assert that the test bed characteristics are stable during the
       entire test session.  Several factors might influence stability
       specifically for virtualized test beds, for example additional
       workloads in a virtualized system, load balancing and movement of
       virtual machines during the test, or simple issues such as
       additional heat created by high workloads leading to an emergency
       CPU performance reduction.

   Test bed reference pre-tests help to ensure that the desired traffic
   generator aspects such as maximum throughput and the network
   performance metrics such as maximum latency and maximum packet loss
   are met.

   Once the desired maximum performance goals for the system under test
   have been identified, a safety margin of 10% SHOULD be added for




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   throughput and subtracted for maximum latency and maximum packet
   loss.

   Test bed preparation may be performed either by configuring the DUT
   in the most trivial setup (fast forwarding) or without presence of
   DUT.

6.  Reporting

   This section describes how the final report should be formatted and
   presented.  The final test report MAY have two major sections;
   Introduction and result sections.  The following attributes SHOULD be
   present in the introduction section of the test report.

   1.  The name of the NetSecOPEN traffic mix (see Appendix A) MUST be
       prominent.

   2.  The time and date of the execution of the test MUST be prominent.

   3.  Summary of testbed software and Hardware details

       A.  DUT Hardware/Virtual Configuration

           +  This section SHOULD clearly identify the make and model of
              the DUT

           +  The port interfaces, including speed and link information
              MUST be documented.

           +  If the DUT is a virtual VNF, interface acceleration such
              as DPDK and SR-IOV MUST be documented as well as cores
              used, RAM used, and the pinning / resource sharing
              configuration.  The Hypervisor and version MUST be
              documented.

           +  Any additional hardware relevant to the DUT such as
              controllers MUST be documented

       B.  DUT Software

           +  The operating system name MUST be documented

           +  The version MUST be documented

           +  The specific configuration MUST be documented

       C.  DUT Enabled Features




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           +  Specific features, such as logging, NGFW, DPI MUST be
              documented

           +  Attributes of those featured MUST be documented

           +  Any additional relevant information about features MUST be
              documented

       D.  Test equipment hardware and software

           +  Test equipment vendor name

           +  Hardware details including model number, interface type

           +  Test equipment firmware and test application software
              version

   4.  Results Summary / Executive Summary

       1.  Results SHOULD resemble a pyramid in how it is reported, with
           the introduction section documenting the summary of results
           in a prominent, easy to read block.

       2.  In the result section of the test report, the following
           attributes should be present for each test scenario.

           a.  KPIs MUST be documented separately for each test
               scenario.  The format of the KPI metrics should be
               presented as described in Section 6.1.

           b.  The next level of details SHOULD be graphs showing each
               of these metrics over the duration (sustain phase) of the
               test.  This allows the user to see the measured
               performance stability changes over time.

6.1.  Key Performance Indicators

   This section lists KPIs for overall benchmarking tests scenarios.
   All KPIs MUST be measured during the sustain phase of the traffic
   load profile described in Section 4.3.4.  All KPIs MUST be measured
   from the result output of test equipment.

   o  Concurrent TCP Connections
      This key performance indicator measures the average concurrent
      open TCP connections in the sustaining period.

   o  TCP Connections Per Second




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      This key performance indicator measures the average established
      TCP connections per second in the sustaining period.  For "TCP/
      HTTP(S) Connection Per Second" benchmarking test scenario, the KPI
      is measured average established and terminated TCP connections per
      second simultaneously.

   o  Application Transactions Per Second
      This key performance indicator measures the average successfully
      completed application transactions per second in the sustaining
      period.

   o  TLS Handshake Rate
      This key performance indicator measures the average TLS 1.2 or
      higher session formation rate within the sustaining period.

   o  Throughput
      This key performance indicator measures the average Layer 2
      throughput within the sustaining period as well as average packets
      per seconds within the same period.  The value of throughput
      SHOULD be presented in Gbit/s rounded to two places of precision
      with a more specific kbps in parenthesis.  Optionally, goodput MAY
      also be logged as an average goodput rate measured over the same
      period.  Goodput result SHALL also be presented in the same format
      as throughput.

   o  URL Response time / Time to Last Byte (TTLB)
      This key performance indicator measures the minimum, average and
      maximum per URL response time in the sustaining period.  The
      latency is measured at Client and in this case would be the time
      duration between sending a GET request from Client and the
      receival of the complete response from the server.

   o  Application Transaction Latency
      This key performance indicator measures the minimum, average and
      maximum the amount of time to receive all objects from the server.
      The value of application transaction latency SHOULD be presented
      in millisecond rounded to zero decimal.

   o  Time to First Byte (TTFB)
      This key performance indicator will measure minimum, average and
      maximum the time to first byte.  TTFB is the elapsed time between
      sending the SYN packet from the client and receiving the first
      byte of application date from the DUT/SUT.  TTFB SHOULD be
      expressed in millisecond.







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7.  Benchmarking Tests

7.1.  Throughput Performance With NetSecOPEN Traffic Mix

7.1.1.  Objective

   Using NetSecOPEN traffic mix, determine the maximum sustainable
   throughput performance supported by the DUT/SUT. (see Appendix A for
   details about traffic mix)

   This test scenario is RECOMMENDED to perform twice; one with SSL
   inspection feature enabled and the second scenario with SSL
   inspection feature disabled on the DUT/SUT.

7.1.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup MUST be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any test
   scenario specific test bed configuration changes MUST be documented.

7.1.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.1.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.1.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   noted for this test scenario:

      Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

      Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

      Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
      Section 4.3.1.2

      Target throughput: It can be defined based on requirements.
      Otherwise it represents aggregated line rate of interface(s) used
      in the DUT/SUT

      Initial throughput: 10% of the "Target throughput"




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      One of the following ciphers and keys are RECOMMENDED to use for
      this test scenarios.

      1.  ECHDE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with Prime256v1 (Signature Hash
          Algorithm: ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256 and Supported group:
          sepc256r1)

      2.  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with RSA 2048 (Signature Hash
          Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha256 and Supported group: sepc256)

      3.  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with Secp521 (Signature Hash
          Algorithm: ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384 and Supported group:
          sepc521r1)

      4.  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with RSA 4096 (Signature Hash
          Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha384 and Supported group: secp256)

7.1.3.3.  Traffic Profile

   Traffic profile: Test scenario MUST be run with a single application
   traffic mix profile (see Appendix A for details about traffic mix).
   The name of the NetSecOPEN traffic mix MUST be documented.

7.1.3.4.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of total attempt
       transactions

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  Maximum deviation (max. dev) of application transaction time or
       TTLB (Time To Last Byte) MUST be less than X (The value for "X"
       will be finalized and updated after completion of PoC test)
       The following equation MUST be used to calculate the deviation of
       application transaction latency or TTLB
       max. dev = max((avg_latency - min_latency),(max_latency -
       avg_latency)) / (Initial latency)
       Where, the initial latency is calculated using the following
       equation.  For this calculation, the latency values (min', avg'
       and max') MUST be measured during test procedure step 1 as
       defined in Section 7.1.4.1.



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       The variable latency represents application transaction latency
       or TTLB.
       Initial latency:= min((avg' latency - min' latency) | (max'
       latency - avg' latency))

   d.  Maximum value of Time to First Byte (TTFB) MUST be less than X

7.1.3.5.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario.

   Mandatory KPIs: average Throughput, average Concurrent TCP
   connections, TTLB/application transaction latency (minimum, average
   and maximum) and average application transactions per second

   Optional KPIs: average TCP connections per second, average TLS
   handshake rate and TTFB

7.1.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results

   The test procedures are designed to measure the throughput
   performance of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load
   profile.  The test procedure consists of three major steps.

7.1.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to generate test
   traffic at the "Initial throughput" rate as described in the
   parameters Section 7.1.3.2.  The test equipment SHOULD follow the
   traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.  The
   DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial throughput" during the sustain
   phase.  Measure all KPI as defined in Section 7.1.3.5.  The measured
   KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet acceptance criteria "a" and
   "b" defined in Section 7.1.3.4.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to step 2.

7.1.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to generate traffic at the "Target
   throughput" rate defined in the parameter table.  The test equipment
   SHOULD follow the traffic load profile definition as described in
   Section 4.3.4.  The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record
   all specified KPIs.  The frequency of KPI metric measurements MUST be



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   less than 5 seconds.  Continue the test until all traffic profile
   phases are completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target throughput during
   the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all
   acceptance criteria.  Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet
   the acceptance criteria.

7.1.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the
   acceptance criteria.  Final test iteration MUST be performed for the
   test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.

7.2.  TCP/HTTP Connections Per Second

7.2.1.  Objective

   Using HTTP traffic, determine the maximum sustainable TCP connection
   establishment rate supported by the DUT/SUT under different
   throughput load conditions.

   To measure connections per second, test iterations MUST use different
   fixed HTTP response object sizes defined in Section 7.2.3.2.

7.2.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc.  MUST be documented.

7.2.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.2.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.2.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2



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   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2

   Target connections per second: Initial value from product data sheet
   (if known)

   Initial connections per second: 10% of "Target connections per
   second"

   The client SHOULD negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the connection with
   FIN immediately after completion of one transaction.  In each test
   iteration, client MUST send GET command requesting a fixed HTTP
   response object size.

   The RECOMMENDED response object sizes are 1, 2, 4, 16, 64 KByte

7.2.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of total attempt
       transactions

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic should be forwarded at a
       constant rate

   d.  Concurrent TCP connections SHOULD be constant during steady
       state.  Any deviation of concurrent TCP connections MUST be less
       than 10%. This confirms the DUT opens and closes TCP connections
       almost at the same rate

7.2.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test iteration.

   Mandatory KPIs: average TCP connections per second, average
   Throughput and Average Time to First Byte (TTFB).





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7.2.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure the TCP connections per
   second rate of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of the traffic
   load profile.  The test procedure consists of three major steps.
   This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IP
   types; IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic
   distribution.

7.2.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure the traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "initial connections per second" as defined in the parameters
   Section 7.2.3.2.  The traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as
   described in Section 4.3.4.

   The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial connections per second" before
   the sustain phase.  The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST
   meet acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in Section 7.2.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.2.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second"
   defined in the parameters table.  The test equipment SHOULD follow
   the traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase of each test iteration, other
   KPIs such as throughput, concurrent TCP connections and application
   transactions per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value the DUT/
   SUT can support.  The test results for specific test iterations
   SHOULD NOT be reported, if the above mentioned KPI (especially
   throughput) reaches the maximum value.  (Example: If the test
   iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP response object size reached the
   maximum throughput limitation of the DUT, the test iteration MAY be
   interrupted and the result for 64kbyte SHOULD NOT be reported).

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.






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   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per
   second rate at the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs
   MUST meet all acceptance criteria.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.2.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable connections per second
   within the acceptance criteria.

7.3.  HTTP Throughput

7.3.1.  Objective

   Determine the throughput for HTTP transactions varying the HTTP
   response object size.

7.3.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc. must be documented.

7.3.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.3.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.3.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2




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   Target Throughput: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)

   Initial Throughput: 10% of "Target Throughput"

   Number of HTTP response object requests (transactions) per
   connection: 10

   RECOMMENDED HTTP response object size: 1KB, 16KB, 64KB, 256KB and
   mixed objects defined in the table

   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | Object size (KByte) | Number of requests/ |
   |                     | Weight              |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 0.2                 | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 6                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 8                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 9                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 10                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 25                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 26                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 35                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 59                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 347                 | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+

                          Table 3: Mixed Objects

7.3.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of attempt transactions.

   b.  Traffic should be forwarded constantly.




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   c.  Concurrent connetions MUST be constant.  The deviation of
       concurrent TCP connection MUST NOT increase more than 10%

7.3.3.4.  Measurement

   The KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:

   Average Throughput, average HTTP transactions per second, concurrent
   connections, and average TCP connections per second.

7.3.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure HTTP throughput of the DUT/
   SUT.  The test procedure consists of three major steps.  This test
   procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6
   traffic distribution and HTTP response object sizes.

7.3.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "Initial Throughput" as defined in the parameters Section 7.3.3.2.

   The traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as described in
   Section 4.3.4.  The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial Throughput"
   during the sustain phase.  Measure all KPI as defined in
   Section 7.3.3.4.

   The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance
   criteria "a" defined in Section 7.3.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.3.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired "Target Throughput" at
   the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs must meet all
   acceptance criteria.

   Perform the test separately for each HTTP response object size.




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   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.3.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the
   acceptance criteria.  Final test iteration MUST be performed for the
   test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.

7.4.  TCP/HTTP Transaction Latency

7.4.1.  Objective

   Using HTTP traffic, determine the average HTTP transaction latency
   when DUT is running with sustainable HTTP transactions per second
   supported by the DUT/SUT under different HTTP response object sizes.

   Test iterations MUST be performed with different HTTP response object
   sizes in two different scenarios.one with a single transaction and
   the other with multiple transactions within a single TCP connection.
   For consistency both the single and multiple transaction test MUST be
   configured with HTTP 1.1.

   Scenario 1: The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the
   connection with FIN immediately after completion of a single
   transaction (GET and RESPONSE).

   Scenario 2: The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 and close the
   connection FIN immediately after completion of 10 transactions (GET
   and RESPONSE) within a single TCP connection.

7.4.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc.  MUST be documented.

7.4.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.4.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.





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7.4.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3 . Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2

   Target objective for scenario 1: 50% of the maximum connection per
   second measured in test scenario TCP/HTTP Connections Per Second
   (Section 7.2)

   Target objective for scenario 2: 50% of the maximum throughput
   measured in test scenario HTTP Throughput (Section 7.3)

   Initial objective for scenario 1: 10% of Target objective for
   scenario 1"

   Initial objective for scenario 2: 10% of "Target objective for
   scenario 2"

   HTTP transaction per TCP connection: test scenario 1 with single
   transaction and the second scenario with 10 transactions

   HTTP 1.1 with GET command requesting a single object.  The
   RECOMMENDED object sizes are 1, 16 or 64 Kbyte.  For each test
   iteration, client MUST request a single HTTP response object size.

7.4.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.  Ramp up and
   ramp down phase SHOULD NOT be considered.

   Generic criteria:

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of attempt transactions.

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections



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   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic should be forwarded at a
       constant rate.

   d.  Concurrent TCP connections should be constant during steady
       state.  This confirms the DUT opens and closes TCP connections at
       the same rate.

   e.  After ramp up the DUT MUST achieve the "Target objective" defined
       in the parameter Section 7.4.3.2 and remain in that state for the
       entire test duration (sustain phase).

7.4.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test scenario and
   HTTP response object sizes separately:

   average TCP connections per second and average application
   transaction latency

   All KPI's are measured once the target throughput achieves the steady
   state.

7.4.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure the average application
   transaction latencies or TTLB when the DUT is operating close to 50%
   of its maximum achievable throughput or connections per second.  This
   test procedure CAN be repeated multiple times with different IP types
   (IPv4 only, IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution),
   HTTP response object sizes and single and multiple transactions per
   connection scenarios.

7.4.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "Initial objective" as defined in the parameters Section 7.4.3.2.
   The traffic load profile can be defined as described in
   Section 4.3.4.

   The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial objective" before the sustain
   phase.  The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the
   acceptance criteria a, b, c, d, e and f defined in Section 7.4.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".



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7.4.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target objective" defined in
   the parameters table.  The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic
   load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput,
   concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second
   MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can support.
   The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported,
   if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the
   maximum value.  (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP
   response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the
   DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte
   SHOULD NOT be reported).

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
   DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired "Target objective" at the
   sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all
   acceptance criteria.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.4.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum achievable connections per second within the
   acceptance criteria and measure the latency values.

7.5.  Concurrent TCP/HTTP Connection Capacity

7.5.1.  Objective

   Determine the maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that the
   DUT/ SUT sustains when using HTTP traffic.

7.5.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc. must be documented.








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7.5.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.5.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.5.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   noted for this test scenario:

      Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

      Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

      Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
      Section 4.3.1.2

      Target concurrent connection: Initial value from product data
      sheet (if known)

      Initial concurrent connection: 10% of "Target concurrent
      connection"

      Maximum connections per second during ramp up phase: 50% of
      maximum connections per second measured in test scenario TCP/HTTP
      Connections per second (Section 7.2)

      Ramp up time (in traffic load profile for "Target concurrent
      connection"): "Target concurrent connection" / "Maximum
      connections per second during ramp up phase"

      Ramp up time (in traffic load profile for "Initial concurrent
      connection"): "Initial concurrent connection" / "Maximum
      connections per second during ramp up phase"

   The client MUST negotiate HTTP 1.1 with persistence and each client
   MAY open multiple concurrent TCP connections per server endpoint IP.

   Each client sends 10 GET commands requesting 1Kbyte HTTP response
   object in the same TCP connection (10 transactions/TCP connection)
   and the delay (think time) between the transaction MUST be X seconds.




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   X = ("Ramp up time" + "steady state time") /10

   The established connections SHOULD remain open until the ramp down
   phase of the test.  During the ramp down phase, all connections
   SHOULD be successfully closed with FIN.

7.5.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transaction) of total attempted
       transactions

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic should be forwarded constantly

   d.  During the sustain phase, the maximum deviation (max. dev) of
       application transaction latency or TTLB (Time To Last Byte) MUST
       be less than 10%

7.5.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:

   average Throughput, Concurrent TCP connections (minimum, average and
   maximum), TTLB/ application transaction latency (minimum, average and
   maximum) and average application transactions per second.

7.5.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure the concurrent TCP
   connection capacity of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of
   traffic load profile.  The test procedure consists of three major
   steps.  This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with
   different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution.

7.5.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.





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   Configure test equipment to establish "Initial concurrent TCP
   connections" defined in Section 7.5.3.2.  Except ramp up time, the
   traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as described in Section 4.3.4.

   During the sustain phase, the DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial
   concurrent TCP connections".  The measured KPIs during the sustain
   phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria "a" and "b" defined in
   Section 7.5.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.5.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target concurrent TCP
   connections".  The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load
   profile definition (except ramp up time) as described in
   Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase, the other KPIs such as
   throughput, TCP connections per second and application transactions
   per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can
   support.

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record KPIs defined in
   Section 7.5.3.4.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5
   seconds.  Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are
   completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target concurrent
   connection at the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs must
   meet all acceptance criteria.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.5.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable concurrent TCP
   connections capacity within the acceptance criteria.

7.6.  TCP/HTTPS Connections per second

7.6.1.  Objective

   Using HTTPS traffic, determine the maximum sustainable SSL/TLS
   session establishment rate supported by the DUT/SUT under different
   throughput load conditions.



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   Test iterations MUST include common cipher suites and key strengths
   as well as forward looking stronger keys.  Specific test iterations
   MUST include ciphers and keys defined in Section 7.6.3.2.

   For each cipher suite and key strengths, test iterations MUST use a
   single HTTPS response object size defined in the test equipment
   configuration parameters Section 7.6.3.2 to measure connections per
   second performance under a variety of DUT Security inspection load
   conditions.

7.6.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc.  MUST be documented.

7.6.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.6.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.6.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2

   Target connections per second: Initial value from product data sheet
   (if known)

   Initial connections per second: 10% of "Target connections per
   second"

   RECOMMENDED ciphers and keys:





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   1.  ECHDE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with Prime256v1 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256 and Supported group: sepc256r1)

   2.  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with RSA 2048 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha256 and Supported group: sepc256)

   3.  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with Secp521 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384 and Supported group: sepc521r1)

   4.  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with RSA 4096 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha384 and Supported group: secp256)

   The client MUST negotiate HTTPS 1.1 and close the connection with FIN
   immediately after completion of one transaction.  In each test
   iteration, client MUST send GET command requesting a fixed HTTPS
   response object size.  The RECOMMENDED object sizes are 1, 2, 4, 16,
   64 Kbyte.

7.6.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria:

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of attempt transactions

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic should be forwarded at a
       constant rate

   d.  Concurrent TCP connections SHOULD be constant during steady
       state.  This confirms that the DUT open and close the TCP
       connections at the same rate

7.6.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:

   average TCP connections per second, average Throughput and Average
   Time to TCP First Byte.








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7.6.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure the TCP connections per
   second rate of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of traffic load
   profile.  The test procedure consists of three major steps.  This
   test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and
   IPv6 traffic distribution.

7.6.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "Initial connections per second" as defined in Section 7.6.3.2.  The
   traffic load profile CAN be defined as described in Section 4.3.4.

   The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial connections per second" before
   the sustain phase.  The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST
   meet the acceptance criteria a, b, c, and d defined in
   Section 7.6.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.6.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target connections per second"
   defined in the parameters table.  The test equipment SHOULD follow
   the traffic load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput,
   concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second
   MUST NOT reach the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can support.  The
   test results for specific test iteration SHOULD NOT be reported, if
   the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches the maximum
   value.  (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTPS
   response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the
   DUT, the test iteration can be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte
   SHOULD NOT be reported).

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target connections per
   second rate at the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs
   must meet all acceptance criteria.



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   Follow the step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.6.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable connections per second
   within the acceptance criteria.

7.7.  HTTPS Throughput

7.7.1.  Objective

   Determine the throughput for HTTPS transactions varying the HTTPS
   response object size.

   Test iterations MUST include common cipher suites and key strengths
   as well as forward looking stronger keys.  Specific test iterations
   MUST include the ciphers and keys defined in the parameter
   Section 7.7.3.2.

7.7.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc. must be documented.

7.7.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.7.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.7.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2



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   Target Throughput: Initial value from product data sheet (if known)

   Initial Throughput: 10% of "Target Throughput"

   Number of HTTPS response object requests (transactions) per
   connection: 10

   RECOMMENDED ciphers and keys:

   1.  ECHDE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with Prime256v1 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: ecdsa_secp256r1_sha256 and Supported group: sepc256r1)

   2.  ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 with RSA 2048 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha256 and Supported group: sepc256)

   3.  ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with Secp521 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384 and Supported group: sepc521r1)

   4.  ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384 with RSA 4096 (Signature Hash
       Algorithm: rsa_pkcs1_sha384 and Supported group: secp256)

   RECOMMENDED HTTPS response object size: 1KB, 2KB, 4KB, 16KB, 64KB,
   256KB and mixed object defined in the table below.




























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   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | Object size (KByte) | Number of requests/ |
   |                     | Weight              |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 0.2                 | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 6                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 8                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 9                   | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 10                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 25                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 26                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 35                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 59                  | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+
   | 347                 | 1                   |
   +---------------------+---------------------+

                          Table 4: Mixed Objects

7.7.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of attempt transactions.

   b.  Traffic should be forwarded constantly.

   c.  The deviation of concurrent TCP connections MUST be less than 10%

7.7.3.4.  Measurement

   The KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:

   Average Throughput, Average transactions per second, concurrent
   connections, and average TCP connections per second.





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7.7.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results

   The test procedure consists of three major steps.  This test
   procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with different IPv4 and IPv6
   traffic distribution and HTTPS response object sizes.

7.7.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "initial throughput" as defined in the parameters Section 7.7.3.2.

   The traffic load profile should be defined as described in
   Section 4.3.4.  The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial Throughput"
   during the sustain phase.  Measure all KPI as defined in
   Section 7.7.3.4.

   The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the acceptance
   criteria "a" defined in Section 7.7.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.7.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired "Target Throughput" at
   the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all
   acceptance criteria.

   Perform the test separately for each HTTPS response object size.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.7.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable throughput within the
   acceptance criteria.  Final test iteration MUST be performed for the
   test duration defined in Section 4.3.4.






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7.8.  HTTPS Transaction Latency

7.8.1.  Objective

   Using HTTPS traffic, determine the average HTTPS transaction latency
   when DUT is running with sustainable HTTPS transactions per second
   supported by the DUT/SUT under different HTTPS response object size.

   Scenario 1: The client MUST negotiate HTTPS and close the connection
   with FIN immediately after completion of a single transaction (GET
   and RESPONSE).

   Scenario 2: The client MUST negotiate HTTPS and close the connection
   with FIN immediately after completion of 10 transactions (GET and
   RESPONSE) within a single TCP connection.

7.8.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc.  MUST be documented.

7.8.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.8.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.

7.8.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

   Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

   Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

   Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
   Section 4.3.1.2

   RECOMMENDED cipher suites and key size: ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384
   with Secp521 bits key size (Signature Hash Algorithm:
   ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384 and Supported group: sepc521r1)



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   Target objective for scenario 1: 50% of the maximum connections per
   second measured in test scenario TCP/HTTPS Connections per second
   (Section 7.6)

   Target objective for scenario 2: 50% of the maximum throughput
   measured in test scenario HTTPS Throughput (Section 7.7)

   Initial objective for scenario 1: 10% of Target objective for
   scenario 1"

   Initial objective for scenario 2: 10% of "Target objective for
   scenario 2"

   HTTPS transaction per TCP connection: test scenario 1 with single
   transaction and the second scenario with 10 transactions

   HTTPS 1.1 with GET command requesting a single 1, 16 or 64 Kbyte
   object.  For each test iteration, client MUST request a single HTTPS
   response object size.

7.8.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.  Ramp up and
   ramp down phase SHOULD NOT be considered.

   Generic criteria:

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of attempt transactions.

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic should be forwarded at a
       constant rate.

   d.  Concurrent TCP connections should be constant during steady
       state.  This confirms the DUT opens and closes TCP connections at
       the same rate.

   e.  After ramp up the DUT MUST achieve the "Target objective" defined
       in the parameter Section 7.8.3.2 and remain in that state for the
       entire test duration (sustain phase).





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7.8.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for each test scenario and
   HTTPS response object sizes separately:

   average TCP connections per second and average application
   transaction latency or TTLB

   All KPI's are measured once the target connections per second
   achieves the steady state.

7.8.4.  Test Procedures and Expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure average application
   transaction latency or TTLB when the DUT is operating close to 50% of
   its maximum achievable connections per second.  This test procedure
   can be repeated multiple times with different IP types (IPv4 only,
   IPv6 only and IPv4 and IPv6 mixed traffic distribution), HTTPS
   response object sizes and single and multiple transactions per
   connection scenarios.

7.8.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of the all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure traffic load profile of the test equipment to establish
   "Initial objective" as defined in the parameters Section 7.8.3.2.
   The traffic load profile can be defined as described in
   Section 4.3.4.

   The DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial objective" before the sustain
   phase.  The measured KPIs during the sustain phase MUST meet the
   acceptance criteria a, b, c, d, e and f defined in Section 7.8.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.8.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target objective" defined in
   the parameters table.  The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic
   load profile definition as described in Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase, other KPIs such as throughput,
   concurrent TCP connections and application transactions per second
   MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can support.
   The test results for specific test iterations SHOULD NOT be reported,



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   if the above mentioned KPI (especially throughput) reaches to the
   maximum value.  (Example: If the test iteration with 64Kbyte of HTTP
   response object size reached the maximum throughput limitation of the
   DUT, the test iteration MAY be interrupted and the result for 64kbyte
   SHOULD NOT be reported).

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record all specified
   KPIs.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5 seconds.
   Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are completed.
   DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired "Target objective" at the
   sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs MUST meet all
   acceptance criteria.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.8.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum achievable connections per second within the
   acceptance criteria and measure the latency values.

7.9.  Concurrent TCP/HTTPS Connection Capacity

7.9.1.  Objective

   Determine the maximum number of concurrent TCP connections that the
   DUT/SUT sustains when using HTTPS traffic.

7.9.2.  Test Setup

   Test bed setup SHOULD be configured as defined in Section 4.  Any
   specific test bed configuration changes such as number of interfaces
   and interface type, etc.  MUST be documented.

7.9.3.  Test Parameters

   In this section, test scenario specific parameters SHOULD be defined.

7.9.3.1.  DUT/SUT Configuration Parameters

   DUT/SUT parameters MUST conform to the requirements defined in
   Section 4.2.  Any configuration changes for this specific test
   scenario MUST be documented.








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7.9.3.2.  Test Equipment Configuration Parameters

   Test equipment configuration parameters MUST conform to the
   requirements defined in Section 4.3.  Following parameters MUST be
   documented for this test scenario:

      Client IP address range defined in Section 4.3.1.2

      Server IP address range defined in Section 4.3.2.2

      Traffic distribution ratio between IPv4 and IPv6 defined in
      Section 4.3.1.2

      RECOMMENDED cipher suites and key size: ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-
      SHA384 with Secp521 bits key size (Signature Hash Algorithm:
      ecdsa_secp384r1_sha384 and Supported group: sepc521r1)

      Target concurrent connections: Initial value from product data
      sheet (if known)

      Initial concurrent connections: 10% of "Target concurrent
      connections"

      Connections per second during ramp up phase: 50% of maximum
      connections per second measured in test scenario TCP/HTTPS
      Connections per second (Section 7.6)

      Ramp up time (in traffic load profile for "Target concurrent
      connections"): "Target concurrent connections" / "Maximum
      connections per second during ramp up phase"

      Ramp up time (in traffic load profile for "Initial concurrent
      connections"): "Initial concurrent connections" / "Maximum
      connections per second during ramp up phase"

   The client MUST perform HTTPS transaction with persistence and each
   client can open multiple concurrent TCP connections per server
   endpoint IP.

   Each client sends 10 GET commands requesting 1Kbyte HTTPS response
   objects in the same TCP connections (10 transactions/TCP connection)
   and the delay (think time) between each transactions MUST be X
   seconds.

   X = ("Ramp up time" + "steady state time") /10






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   The established connections SHOULD remain open until the ramp down
   phase of the test.  During the ramp down phase, all connections
   SHOULD be successfully closed with FIN.

7.9.3.3.  Test Results Acceptance Criteria

   The following test Criteria is defined as test results acceptance
   criteria.  Test results acceptance criteria MUST be monitored during
   the whole sustain phase of the traffic load profile.

   a.  Number of failed Application transactions MUST be less than
       0.001% (1 out of 100,000 transactions) of total attempted
       transactions

   b.  Number of Terminated TCP connections due to unexpected TCP RST
       sent by DUT/SUT MUST be less than 0.001% (1 out of 100,000
       connections) of total initiated TCP connections

   c.  During the sustain phase, traffic SHOULD be forwarded constantly

   d.  During the sustain phase, the maximum deviation (max. dev) of
       application transaction latency or TTLB (Time To Last Byte) MUST
       be less than 10%

7.9.3.4.  Measurement

   Following KPI metrics MUST be reported for this test scenario:

   Average Throughput, max.  Min. Avg. Concurrent TCP connections, TTLB/
   application transaction latency and average application transactions
   per second

7.9.4.  Test Procedures and expected Results

   The test procedure is designed to measure the concurrent TCP
   connection capacity of the DUT/SUT at the sustaining period of
   traffic load profile.  The test procedure consists of three major
   steps.  This test procedure MAY be repeated multiple times with
   different IPv4 and IPv6 traffic distribution.

7.9.4.1.  Step 1: Test Initialization and Qualification

   Verify the link status of all connected physical interfaces.  All
   interfaces are expected to be in "UP" status.

   Configure test equipment to establish "initial concurrent TCP
   connections" defined in Section 7.9.3.2.  Except ramp up time, the
   traffic load profile SHOULD be defined as described in Section 4.3.4.



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   During the sustain phase, the DUT/SUT SHOULD reach the "Initial
   concurrent TCP connections".  The measured KPIs during the sustain
   phase MUST meet the acceptance criteria "a" and "b" defined in
   Section 7.9.3.3.

   If the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance criteria, the test
   procedure MUST NOT be continued to "Step 2".

7.9.4.2.  Step 2: Test Run with Target Objective

   Configure test equipment to establish "Target concurrent TCP
   connections".The test equipment SHOULD follow the traffic load
   profile definition (except ramp up time) as described in
   Section 4.3.4.

   During the ramp up and sustain phase, the other KPIs such as
   throughput, TCP connections per second and application transactions
   per second MUST NOT reach to the maximum value that the DUT/SUT can
   support.

   The test equipment SHOULD start to measure and record KPIs defined in
   Section 7.9.3.4.  The frequency of measurement MUST be less than 5
   seconds.  Continue the test until all traffic profile phases are
   completed.

   The DUT/SUT is expected to reach the desired target concurrent
   connections at the sustain phase.  In addition, the measured KPIs
   MUST meet all acceptance criteria.

   Follow step 3, if the KPI metrics do not meet the acceptance
   criteria.

7.9.4.3.  Step 3: Test Iteration

   Determine the maximum and average achievable concurrent TCP
   connections within the acceptance criteria.

8.  Formal Syntax

9.  IANA Considerations

   This document makes no request of IANA.

   Note to RFC Editor: this section may be removed on publication as an
   RFC.






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10.  Acknowledgements

   Acknowledgements will be added in the future release.

11.  Contributors

   The authors would like to thank the many people that contributed
   their time and knowledge to this effort.

   Specifically, to the co-chairs of the NetSecOPEN Test Methodology
   working group and the NetSecOPEN Security Effectiveness working group
   - Alex Samonte, Aria Eslambolchizadeh, Carsten Rossenhoevel and David
   DeSanto.

   Additionally, the following people provided input, comments and spent
   time reviewing the myriad of drafts.  If we have missed anyone the
   fault is entirely our own.  Thanks to - Amritam Putatunda, Chao Guo,
   Chris Chapman, Chris Pearson, Chuck McAuley, David White, Jurrie Van
   Den Breekel, Michelle Rhines, Rob Andrews, Samaresh Nair, and Tim
   Winters.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

12.2.  Informative References

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2616, June 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2616>.

   [RFC2647]  Newman, D., "Benchmarking Terminology for Firewall
              Performance", RFC 2647, DOI 10.17487/RFC2647, August 1999,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2647>.






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   [RFC3511]  Hickman, B., Newman, D., Tadjudin, S., and T. Martin,
              "Benchmarking Methodology for Firewall Performance",
              RFC 3511, DOI 10.17487/RFC3511, April 2003,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3511>.

   [RFC5681]  Allman, M., Paxson, V., and E. Blanton, "TCP Congestion
              Control", RFC 5681, DOI 10.17487/RFC5681, September 2009,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5681>.

Appendix A.  NetSecOPEN Basic Traffic Mix

   A traffic mix for testing performance of next generation firewalls
   MUST scale to stress the DUT based on real-world conditions.  In
   order to achieve this the following MUST be included:

   o  Clients connecting to multiple different server FQDNs per
      application

   o  Clients loading apps and pages with connections and objects in
      specific orders

   o  Multiple unique certificates for HTTPS/TLS

   o  A wide variety of different object sizes

   o  Different URL paths

   o  Mix of HTTP and HTTPS

   A traffic mix for testing performance of next generation firewalls
   MUST also facility application identification using different
   detection methods with and without decryption of the traffic.  Such
   as:

   o  HTTP HOST based application detection

   o  HTTPS/TLS Server Name Indication (SNI)

   o  Certificate Subject Common Name (CN)

   The mix MUST be of sufficient complexity and volume to render
   differences in individual apps as statistically insignificant.  For
   example, changes in like to like apps - such as one type of video
   service vs. another both consist of larger objects whereas one news
   site vs. another both typically have more connections then other apps
   because of trackers and embedded advertising content.  To achieve
   sufficient complexity, a mix MUST have:




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   o  Thousands of URLs each client walks thru

   o  Hundreds of FQDNs each client connects to

   o  Hundreds of unique certificates for HTTPS/TLS

   o  Thousands of different object sizes per client in orders matching
      applications

   The following is a description of what a popular application in an
   enterprise traffic mix contains.

   Table 5 lists the FQDNs, number of transactions and bytes transferred
   as an example client interacts with Office 365 Outlook, Word, Excel,
   PowerPoint, SharePoint and Skype.

   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | Office365 FQDN                  | Bytes      | Transaction |
   +============================================================+
   | r1.res.office365.com            | 14,056,960 | 192         |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | 6,731,019  | 22          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | company1-my.sharepoint.com      | 6,269,492  | 42          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | swx.cdn.skype.com               | 6,100,027  | 12          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | static.sharepointonline.com     | 6,036,947  | 41          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | spoprod-a.akamaihd.net          | 3,904,250  | 25          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | s1-excel-15.cdn.office.net      | 2,767,941  | 16          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | outlook.office365.com           | 2,047,301  | 86          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | shellprod.msocdn.com            | 1,008,370  | 11          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | word-edit.officeapps.live.com   | 932,080    | 25          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | res.delve.office.com            | 760,146    | 2           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | s1-powerpoint-15.cdn.office.net | 557,604    | 3           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | appsforoffice.microsoft.com     | 511,171    | 5           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | powerpoint.officeapps.live.com  | 471,625    | 14          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | excel.officeapps.live.com       | 342,040    | 14          |



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   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | 331,343    | 5           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | webdir0a.online.lync.com        | 66,930     | 15          |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | portal.office.com               | 13,956     | 1           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | config.edge.skype.com           | 6,911      | 2           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | clientlog.portal.office.com     | 6,608      | 8           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | webdir.online.lync.com          | 4,343      | 5           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | graph.microsoft.com             | 2,289      | 2           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | nam.loki.delve.office.com       | 1,812      | 5           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | login.microsoftonline.com       | 464        | 2           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+
   | login.windows.net               | 232        | 1           |
   +---------------------------------+------------+-------------+

                            Table 5: Office365

   Clients MUST connect to multiple server FQDNs in the same order as
   real applications.  Connections MUST be made when the client is
   interacting with the application and MUST NOT first setup up all
   connections.  Connections SHOULD stay open per client for subsequent
   transactions to the same FQDN similar to how a web browser behaves.
   Clients MUST use different URL Paths and Object sizes in orders as
   they are observed in real Applications.  Clients MAY also setup
   multiple connections per FQDN to process multiple transactions in a
   sequence at the same time.  Table 6 has a partial example sequence of
   the Office 365 Word application transactions.

   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | FQDN                            | URL Path             | Object   |
   |                                 |                      | size     |
   +===================================================================+
   | company1-my.sharepoint.com      | /personal...         | 23,132   |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | word-edit.officeapps.live.com   | /we/WsaUpload.ashx   | 2        |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | static.sharepointonline.com     | /bld/.../blank.js    | 454      |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | static.sharepointonline.com     | /bld/.../            | 23,254   |
   |                                 | initstrings.js       |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+



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   | static.sharepointonline.com     | /bld/.../init.js     | 292,740  |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | company1-my.sharepoint.com      | /ScriptResource...   | 102,774  |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | company1-my.sharepoint.com      | /ScriptResource...   | 40,329   |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | company1-my.sharepoint.com      | /WebResource...      | 23,063   |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | word-edit.officeapps.live.com   | /we/wordeditorframe. | 60,657   |
   |                                 | aspx...              |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | static.sharepointonline.com     | /bld/_layouts/.../   | 454      |
   |                                 | blank.js             |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 19,201   |
   |                                 | EditSurface.css      |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 221,397  |
   |                                 | WordEditor.css       |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../           | 107,571  |
   |                                 | Microsoft            |          |
   |                                 | Ajax.js              |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 39,981   |
   |                                 | wacbootwe.js         |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-officeapps-15.cdn.office.net | /we/s/.../           | 51,749   |
   |                                 | CommonIntl.js        |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 6,050    |
   |                                 | Compat.js            |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 54,158   |
   |                                 | Box4Intl.js          |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 24,946   |
   |                                 | WoncaIntl.js         |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 53,515   |
   |                                 | WordEditorIntl.js    |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../           | 1,978,712|
   |                                 | WordEditorExp.js     |          |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | s1-word-edit-15.cdn.office.net  | /we/s/.../jSanity.js | 10,912   |
   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+
   | word-edit.officeapps.live.com   | /we/OneNote.ashx     | 145,708  |



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   +---------------------------------+----------------------+----------+

                   Table 6: Office365 Word Transactions

   For application identification the HTTPS/TLS traffic MUST include
   realistic Certificate Subject Common Name (CN) data as well as Server
   Name Indications (SNI).  For example, a DUT MAY detect Facebook Chat
   traffic by inspecting the certificate and detecting *.facebook.com in
   the certificate subject CN and subsequently detect the word chat in
   the FQDN 5-edge-chat.facebook.com and identify traffic on the
   connection to be Facebook Chat.

   Table 7 includes further examples in SNI and CN pairs for several
   FQDNs of Office 365.

   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   |Server Name Indication (SNI)  | Certificate Subject              |
   |                              | Common Name (CN)                 |
   +=================================================================+
   | r1.res.office365.com         | *.res.outlook.com                |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | login.windows.net            | graph.windows.net                |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | webdir0a.online.lync.com     | *.online.lync.com                |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | login.microsoftonline.com    | stamp2.login.microsoftonline.com |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | webdir.online.lync.com       | *.online.lync.com                |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | graph.microsoft.com          | graph.microsoft.com              |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | outlook.office365.com        | outlook.com                      |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+
   | appsforoffice.microsoft.com  | appsforoffice.microsoft.com      |
   +------------------------------+----------------------------------+

               Table 7: Office365 SNI and CN Pairs Examples

   NetSecOPEN has provided a reference enterprise perimeter traffic mix
   with dozens of applications, hundreds of connections, and thousands
   of transactions.

   The enterprise perimeter traffic mix consists of 70% HTTPS and 30%
   HTTP by Bytes, 58% HTTPS and 42% HTTP by Transactions.  By
   connections with a single connection per FQDN the mix consists of 43%
   HTTPS and 57% HTTP.  With multiple connections per FQDN the HTTPS
   percentage is higher.




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   Table 8 is a summary of the NetSecOPEN enterprise perimeter traffic
   mix sorted by bytes with unique FQDNs and transactions per
   applications.

   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Application      | FQDNs | Transactions | Bytes       |
   +=======================================================+
   | Office365        | 26    | 558          | 52,931,947  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Box              | 4     | 90           | 23,276,089  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Salesforce       | 6     | 365          | 23,137,548  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Gmail            | 13    | 139          | 16,399,289  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Linkedin         | 10    | 206          | 15,040,918  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | DailyMotion      | 8     | 77           | 14,751,514  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | GoogleDocs       | 2     | 71           | 14,205,476  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Wikia            | 15    | 159          | 13,909,777  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Foxnews          | 82    | 499          | 13,758,899  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Yahoo Finance    | 33    | 254          | 13,134,011  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Youtube          | 8     | 97           | 13,056,216  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Facebook         | 4     | 207          | 12,726,231  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | CNBC             | 77    | 275          | 11,939,566  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Lightreading     | 27    | 304          | 11,200,864  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | BusinessInsider  | 16    | 142          | 11,001,575  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Alexa            | 5     | 153          | 10,475,151  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | CNN              | 41    | 206          | 10,423,740  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Twitter Video    | 2     | 72           | 10,112,820  |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Cisco Webex      | 1     | 213          | 9,988,417   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Slack            | 3     | 40           | 9,938,686   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Google Maps      | 5     | 191          | 8,771,873   |



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   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | SpectrumIEEE     | 7     | 145          | 8,682,629   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Yelp             | 9     | 146          | 8,607,645   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Vimeo            | 12    | 74           | 8,555,960   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Wikihow          | 11    | 140          | 8,042,314   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Netflix          | 3     | 31           | 7,839,256   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Instagram        | 3     | 114          | 7,230,883   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Morningstar      | 30    | 150          | 7,220,121   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Docusign         | 5     | 68           | 6,972,738   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Twitter          | 1     | 100          | 6,939,150   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Tumblr           | 11    | 70           | 6,877,200   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Whatsapp         | 3     | 46           | 6,829,848   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Imdb             | 16    | 251          | 6,505,227   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | NOAAgov          | 1     | 44           | 6,316,283   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | IndustryWeek     | 23    | 192          | 6,242,403   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Spotify          | 18    | 119          | 6,231,013   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | AutoNews         | 16    | 165          | 6,115,354   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Evernote         | 3     | 47           | 6,063,168   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | NatGeo           | 34    | 104          | 6,026,344   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | BBC News         | 18    | 156          | 5,898,572   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Investopedia     | 38    | 241          | 5,792,038   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Pinterest        | 8     | 102          | 5,658,994   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Succesfactors    | 2     | 112          | 5,049,001   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | AbaJournal       | 6     | 93           | 4,985,626   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Pbworks          | 4     | 78           | 4,670,980   |



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   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | NetworkWorld     | 42    | 153          | 4,651,354   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | WebMD            | 24    | 280          | 4,416,736   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | OilGasJournal    | 14    | 105          | 4,095,255   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Trello           | 5     | 39           | 4,080,182   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | BusinessWire     | 5     | 109          | 4,055,331   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Dropbox          | 5     | 17           | 4,023,469   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Nejm             | 20    | 190          | 4,003,657   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | OilGasDaily      | 7     | 199          | 3,970,498   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Chase            | 6     | 52           | 3,719,232   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | MedicalNews      | 6     | 117          | 3,634,187   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Marketwatch      | 25    | 142          | 3,291,226   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Imgur            | 5     | 48           | 3,189,919   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | NPR              | 9     | 83           | 3,184,303   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Onelogin         | 2     | 31           | 3,132,707   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Concur           | 2     | 50           | 3,066,326   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Service-now      | 1     | 37           | 2,985,329   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Apple itunes     | 14    | 80           | 2,843,744   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | BerkeleyEdu      | 3     | 69           | 2,622,009   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | MSN              | 39    | 203          | 2,532,972   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Indeed           | 3     | 47           | 2,325,197   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | MayoClinic       | 6     | 56           | 2,269,085   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Ebay             | 9     | 164          | 2,219,223   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | UCLAedu          | 3     | 42           | 1,991,311   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | ConstructionDive | 5     | 125          | 1,828,428   |



Balarajah, et al.       Expires September 6, 2019              [Page 55]


Internet-Draft      Benchmarking for NGFW performance         March 2019


   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | EducationNews    | 4     | 78           | 1,605,427   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | BofA             | 12    | 68           | 1,584,851   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | ScienceDirect    | 7     | 26           | 1,463,951   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Reddit           | 8     | 55           | 1,441,909   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | FoodBusinessNews | 5     | 49           | 1,378,298   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Amex             | 8     | 42           | 1,270,696   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Weather          | 4     | 50           | 1,243,826   |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Wikipedia        | 3     | 27           | 958,935     |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Bing             | 1     | 52           | 697,514     |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | ADP              | 1     | 30           | 508,654     |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   |                  |       |              |             |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+
   | Grand Total      | 983   | 10021        | 569,819,095 |
   +------------------+-------+--------------+-------------+

      Table 8: Summary of NetSecOPEN Enterprise Perimeter Traffic Mix

Authors' Addresses

   Balamuhunthan Balarajah

   Email: bm.balarajah@gmail.com


   Carsten Rossenhoevel
   EANTC AG
   Salzufer 14
   Berlin  10587
   Germany

   Email: cross@eantc.de


   Brian Monkman
   NetSecOPEN

   Email: bmonkman@netsecopen.org



Balarajah, et al.       Expires September 6, 2019              [Page 56]