Network Working Group                                         A. Keranen
Internet-Draft                                                  Ericsson
Intended status: Standards Track                              M. Mohajer
Expires: August 22, 2019                                       u-blox UK
                                                       February 18, 2019


          FETCH & PATCH with Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)
                     draft-ietf-core-senml-etch-02

Abstract

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type and data model can be
   used to send collections of resources, such as batches of sensor data
   or configuration parameters.  The CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH
   methods enable accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple
   resources with one request.  This document defines new media types
   for the CoAP iPATCH, and FETCH methods for resources represented with
   the SenML data model.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on August 22, 2019.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must



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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Using FETCH and iPATCH with SenML . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  SenML FETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.2.  SenML iPATCH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     5.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     5.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   6.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type {{RFC8428} and data
   model can be used to transmit collections of resources, such as
   batches of sensor data or configuration parameters.

   Example of a SenML collection is shown below:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3306/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

   Here three resources "3306/0/5850", "3306/0/5851", and "3306/0/5750",
   of an IPSO dimmable light smart object [IPSO] are represented using a
   single SenML Pack with three SenML Records.  All resources share the
   same base name "2001:db8::2/3306/0/", hence full names for resources
   are "2001:db8::2/3306/0/5850", etc.

   The CoAP [RFC7252] iPATCH and FETCH methods [RFC8132] enable
   accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple resources with
   one request.

   This document defines two new media types, one using the JavaScript
   Object Notation (JSON) [RFC8259] and one using the Concise Binary



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   Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC7049], that can be used with the
   CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods for resources represented with
   the SenML data model.  The semantics of the new media types are the
   same for the CoAP PATCH and iPATCH methods.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Readers should also be familiar with the terms and concepts discussed
   in [RFC8132] and [RFC8428].  Also the following terms are used in
   this document:

   Fetch Record:  One set of parameters that is used to match SenML
      Record(s).

   Fetch Pack:  One or more Fetch Records in an array structure.

   Patch Record:  One set of parameters similar to Fetch Record but also
      containing instructions on how to change existing SenML Pack(s).

   Patch Pack:  One or more Patch Records in an array structure.

   Target Record:  A Record in a SenML Pack that is matching the
      selection criteria of a Fetch or Patch Record and hence is a
      target for a Fetch or Patch operation.

3.  Using FETCH and iPATCH with SenML

   The FETCH/iPATCH media types for SenML are modeled as extensions to
   the SenML media type to enable re-use of existing SenML parsers and
   generators, in particular on constrained devices.  Unless mentioned
   otherwise, FETCH and PATCH Packs are constructed with the same rules
   and constraints as SenML Packs.  The only difference to SenML media
   type is allowing the use of "null" value for removing records with
   the iPATCH method.

3.1.  SenML FETCH

   The FETCH method can be used to select and return parts of one or
   more SenML Packs.  The SenML Records are selected by giving the
   name(s) of the resources using the SenML "name" and/or "base name"
   Fields.




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   For example, to select resources "5850" and "5851" from the example
   in Section 1, the following Fetch Pack can be used:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3306/0/", "n":"5850"},
    {"n":"5851"}
   ]

   The result to a FETCH request with the example above would be:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3306/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
   ]

   When SenML Records contain also time values, a name may no longer
   uniquely identify a single Record.  When no time is given in a Fetch
   Record, all SenML Records with the given name are matched.  When time
   is given in the Fetch Record, only a SenML Record (if any) with equal
   time value and name is matched.

   The resolved form of records (Section 4.6 of [RFC8428]) is used when
   comparing the names and times of the Target and Fetch Records to
   accommodate for differences in use of the base values.

3.2.  SenML iPATCH

   The iPATCH method can be used to change the values of SenML Records,
   to add new Records, and to remove existing Records.  The names and
   times of the Patch Records are given and matched in same way as for
   the Fetch Records, except each Patch Record can match at most one
   Target Record.  Patch Packs can also include new values and other
   SenML Fields for the Records.

   When the name in a Patch Record matches with the name in an existing
   Record, the time values are compared.  If the time values do not
   exist or are equal in both Records, the Target Record is replaced
   with the contents of the Patch Record.

   If a Patch Record contains a name, or combination of a time value and
   a name, that do not exist in any existing Record in the Pack, the
   given Record, with all the fields it contains, is added to the Pack.

   If a Patch Record has a value field with value null, the matched
   Record (if any) is removed from the Pack.






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   For example, the following document could be given as iPATCH payload
   to change/set values of two SenML Records for the example in
   Section 1:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3306/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10}
   ]

   If the request is successful, the resulting representation of the
   example SenML Pack would be as follows:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3306/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

4.  Security Considerations

   The security and privacy considerations of SenML apply also with the
   FETCH and iPATCH methods.

   In FETCH and iPATCH requests, the client can pass arbitrary names to
   the target resource for manipulation.  The resource implementer must
   take care to only allow access to names that are actually part of (or
   accessible through) the target resource.

   If the client is not allowed to do a GET or PUT on the full target
   resource (and thus all the names accessible through it), access
   control rules must be evaluated for each record in the pack.

5.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers two new media types and CoAP Content-Format
   IDs for both media types.

   Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "RFC-AAAA" with
   the RFC number of this document.

5.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration

   IANA is requested to assign CoAP Content-Format IDs for the SenML
   PATCH and FETCH media types in the "CoAP Content-Formats" sub-
   registry, within the "CoRE Parameters" registry [RFC7252].  All IDs
   are assigned from the "IETF Review or IESG Approval" range.  The
   assigned IDs are show in Table 1.




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                   +-----------------------------+-----+
                   | Media type                  | ID  |
                   +-----------------------------+-----+
                   | application/senml-etch+json | TBD |
                   |                             |     |
                   | application/senml-etch+cbor | TBD |
                   +-----------------------------+-----+

                     Table 1: CoAP Content-Format IDs

5.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+json

   Required parameters: none

   Optional parameters: none

   Encoding considerations: Must be encoded as using a subset of the
   encoding allowed in [RFC8259].  See RFC-AAAA for details.  This
   simplifies implementation of very simple system and does not impose
   any significant limitations as all this data is meant for machine to
   machine communications and is not meant to be human readable.

   Security considerations: See Section 4 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: Applications MUST ignore any key
   value pairs that they do not understand unless the key ends with the
   '_' character in which case an error MUST be generated.  This allows
   backwards compatible extensions to this specification.

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: N/A

   Additional information:

   Magic number(s): none

   File extension(s): senml-etchj

   Windows Clipboard Name: "SenML FETCH/PATCH format"




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   Macintosh file type code(s): none

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-json
   conforms to public.text

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: None

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG

5.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+cbor

   Required parameters: none

   Optional parameters: none

   Encoding considerations: Must be encoded as using [RFC7049].  See
   RFC-AAAA for details.

   Security considerations: See Section 4 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: Applications MUST ignore any key
   value pairs that they do not understand unless the key ends with the
   '_' character in which case an error MUST be generated.  This allows
   backwards compatible extensions to this specification.

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: N/A

   Additional information:

   Magic number(s): none

   File extension(s): senml-etchc



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   Macintosh file type code(s): none

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-cbor
   conforms to public.data

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: None

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG

6.  Acknowledgements

   The use of FETCH and iPATCH methods with SenML was first introduced
   by the OMA SpecWorks LwM2M v1.1 specification.  This document
   generalizes the use to any SenML representation.  The authors would
   like to thank Carsten Bormann, Christian Amsuess, Jaime Jimenez,
   Klaus Hartke, and also everyone in the IETF CoRE and OMA SpecWorks
   DMSE working groups for their contributions and reviews.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.

   [RFC8132]  van der Stok, P., Bormann, C., and A. Sehgal, "PATCH and
              FETCH Methods for the Constrained Application Protocol
              (CoAP)", RFC 8132, DOI 10.17487/RFC8132, April 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8132>.




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   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8428]  Jennings, C., Shelby, Z., Arkko, J., Keranen, A., and C.
              Bormann, "Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)", RFC 8428,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8428, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8428>.

7.2.  Informative References

   [IPSO]     IPSO, "IPSO Smart Object Guidelines", 2018,
              <https://www.omaspecworks.org/develop-with-oma-specworks/
              ipso-smart-objects/guidelines/>.

Authors' Addresses

   Ari Keranen
   Ericsson

   Email: ari.keranen@ericsson.com


   Mojan Mohajer
   u-blox UK

   Email: Mojan.Mohajer@u-blox.com



















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