Network Working Group                                         A. Keranen
Internet-Draft                                                  Ericsson
Intended status: Standards Track                              M. Mohajer
Expires: February 18, 2020                                     u-blox UK
                                                         August 17, 2019


          FETCH & PATCH with Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)
                     draft-ietf-core-senml-etch-05

Abstract

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type and data model can be
   used to send collections of resources, such as batches of sensor data
   or configuration parameters.  The CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH
   methods enable accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple
   resources with one request.  This document defines new media types
   for the CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods for resources
   represented with the SenML data model.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   This Internet-Draft will expire on February 18, 2020.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must



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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Using FETCH and (i)PATCH with SenML . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     3.1.  SenML FETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.2.  SenML (i)PATCH  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
   4.  Fragment Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     6.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration  . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     6.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     6.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   7.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10

1.  Introduction

   The Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML) media type [RFC8428] and data
   model can be used to transmit collections of resources, such as
   batches of sensor data or configuration parameters.

   An example of a SenML collection is shown below:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

   Here three resources "3311/0/5850", "3311/0/5851", and "3311/0/5750",
   of an IPSO dimmable light smart object [IPSO] are represented using a
   single SenML Pack with three SenML Records.  All resources share the
   same base name "2001:db8::2/3311/0/", hence full names for resources
   are "2001:db8::2/3311/0/5850", etc.

   The CoAP [RFC7252] iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods [RFC8132] enable
   accessing and updating parts of a resource or multiple resources with
   one request.





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   This document defines two new media types, one using the JavaScript
   Object Notation (JSON) [RFC8259] and one using the Concise Binary
   Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC7049], that can be used with the
   CoAP iPATCH, PATCH, and FETCH methods for resources represented with
   the SenML data model.  The semantics of the new media types are the
   same for the CoAP PATCH and iPATCH methods.  The rest of the document
   uses term "(i)PATCH" when referring to both methods.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

   Readers should also be familiar with the terms and concepts discussed
   in [RFC8132] and [RFC8428].  Also the following terms are used in
   this document:

   Fetch Record:  One set of parameters that is used to match SenML
      Record(s).

   Fetch Pack:  One or more Fetch Records in an array structure.

   Patch Record:  One set of parameters similar to Fetch Record but also
      containing instructions on how to change existing SenML Pack(s).

   Patch Pack:  One or more Patch Records in an array structure.

   Target Record:  A Record in a SenML Pack that is matching the
      selection criteria of a Fetch or Patch Record and hence is a
      target for a Fetch or Patch operation.

   (i)PATCH:  A term that refers to both CoAP "PATCH" and "iPATCH"
      methods when there is no difference in this specification in which
      one is used.

3.  Using FETCH and (i)PATCH with SenML

   The FETCH/(i)PATCH media types for SenML are modeled as extensions to
   the SenML media type to enable re-use of existing SenML parsers and
   generators, in particular on constrained devices.  Unless mentioned
   otherwise, FETCH and PATCH Packs are constructed with the same rules
   and constraints as SenML Packs.

   The key difference to the SenML media type is allowing the use of a
   "null" value for removing records with the (i)PATCH method.  Also the



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   Fetch and Patch Records do not have default time or base version when
   the fields are omitted.

3.1.  SenML FETCH

   The FETCH method can be used to select and return a subset of
   records, in sequence, of one or more SenML Packs.  The SenML Records
   are selected by giving a set of names that, when resolved, match
   resolved names in a SenML Pack.  The names for a Fetch Pack are given
   using the SenML "name" and/or "base name" Fields.  The names are
   resolved by concatenating the base name with the name field as
   defined in [RFC8428].

   For example, to select the IPSO resources "5850" and "5851" from the
   example in Section 1, the following Fetch Pack can be used:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850"},
    {"n":"5851"}
   ]

   The result to a FETCH request with the example above would be:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":true},
    {"n":"5851", "v":42},
   ]

   When SenML Records contain also time values, a name may no longer
   uniquely identify a single Record.  When no time is given in a Fetch
   Record, all SenML Records with the given name are matched (i.e.,
   unlike with SenML Records, lack of time field in a Fetch Record does
   not imply time value zero).  When time is given in the Fetch Record,
   only a SenML Record (if any) with equal resolved time value and name
   is matched.

   The resolved form of records (Section 4.6 of [RFC8428]) is used when
   comparing the names and times of the Target and Fetch Records to
   accommodate for differences in use of the base values.

3.2.  SenML (i)PATCH

   The (i)PATCH method can be used to change the values of SenML
   Records, to add new Records, and to remove existing Records.  The
   names and times of the Patch Records are given and matched in same
   way as for the Fetch Records, except each Patch Record can match at
   most one Target Record.  Patch Packs can also include new values and




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   other SenML Fields for the Records.  Application of Patch Packs is
   idempotent.

   When the name in a Patch Record matches with the name in an existing
   Record, the resolved time values are compared.  If the time values
   either do not exist in both Records or are equal, the Target Record
   is replaced with the contents of the Patch Record.

   If a Patch Record contains a name, or combination of a time value and
   a name, that do not exist in any existing Record in the Pack, the
   given Record, with all the fields it contains, is added to the Pack.

   If a Patch Record has a value ("v") field with value null, the
   matched Record (if any) is removed from the Pack.

   For example, the following document could be given as an (i)PATCH
   payload to change/set values of two SenML Records for the example in
   Section 1:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10}
   ]

   If the request is successful, the resulting representation of the
   example SenML Pack would be as follows:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "vb":false},
    {"n":"5851", "v":10},
    {"n":"5750", "vs":"Ceiling light"}
   ]

   As another example, the following document could be given as an
   (i)PATCH payload to remove the two SenML Records:

   [
    {"bn":"2001:db8::2/3311/0/", "n":"5850", "v":null},
    {"n":"5851", "v":null}
   ]

4.  Fragment Identification

   Fragment identification is supported by analogously applying fragment
   identifiers as specified in Section 9 of [RFC8428] to the Fetch/Patch
   Records.





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5.  Security Considerations

   The security and privacy considerations of SenML apply also with the
   FETCH and (i)PATCH methods.

   In FETCH and (i)PATCH requests, the client can pass arbitrary names
   to the target resource for manipulation.  The resource implementer
   must take care to only allow access to names that are actually part
   of (or accessible through) the target resource.

   If the client is not allowed to do a GET or PUT on the full target
   resource (and thus all the names accessible through it), access
   control rules must be evaluated for each record in the pack.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers two new media types and CoAP Content-Format
   IDs for both media types.

   Note to RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of "RFC-AAAA" with
   the RFC number of this document.

6.1.  CoAP Content-Format Registration

   IANA is requested to assign CoAP Content-Format IDs for the SenML
   PATCH and FETCH media types in the "CoAP Content-Formats" sub-
   registry, within the "CoRE Parameters" registry [RFC7252].  The
   assigned IDs are shown in Table 1.

           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+
           | Media type                  | Encoding | ID      |
           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+
           | application/senml-etch+json | -        | TBD-320 |
           |                             |          |         |
           | application/senml-etch+cbor | -        | TBD-322 |
           +-----------------------------+----------+---------+

                     Table 1: CoAP Content-Format IDs

6.2.  senml-etch+json Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+json

   Required parameters: none

   Optional parameters: none



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   Encoding considerations: binary

   Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: Applications MUST ignore any key
   value pairs that they do not understand unless the key ends with the
   '_' character in which case an error MUST be generated.  This allows
   backwards compatible extensions to this specification.

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: Fragment identification for
   application/senml-etch+json is supported by using fragment
   identifiers as specified by RFC AAAA.

   Additional information:

   Magic number(s): none

   File extension(s): senml-etchj

   Windows Clipboard Name: "SenML FETCH/PATCH format"

   Macintosh file type code(s): none

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-json
   conforms to public.text

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: None

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG

6.3.  senml-etch+cbor Media Type

   Type name: application

   Subtype name: senml-etch+cbor




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   Required parameters: none

   Optional parameters: none

   Encoding considerations: binary

   Security considerations: See Section 5 of RFC-AAAA.

   Interoperability considerations: Applications MUST ignore any key
   value pairs that they do not understand unless the key ends with the
   '_' character in which case an error MUST be generated.  This allows
   backwards compatible extensions to this specification.

   Published specification: RFC-AAAA

   Applications that use this media type: Applications that use the
   SenML media type for resource representation.

   Fragment identifier considerations: Fragment identification for
   application/senml-etch+cbor is supported by using fragment
   identifiers as specified by RFC AAAA.

   Additional information:

   Magic number(s): none

   File extension(s): senml-etchc

   Macintosh file type code(s): none

   Macintosh Universal Type Identifier code: org.ietf.senml-etch-cbor
   conforms to public.data

   Person & email address to contact for further information: Ari
   Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Intended usage: COMMON

   Restrictions on usage: None

   Author: Ari Keranen ari.keranen@ericsson.com

   Change controller: IESG








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7.  Acknowledgements

   The use of FETCH and (i)PATCH methods with SenML was first introduced
   by the OMA SpecWorks LwM2M v1.1 specification.  This document
   generalizes the use to any SenML representation.  The authors would
   like to thank Carsten Bormann, Christian Amsuess, Jaime Jimenez,
   Klaus Hartke, Michael Richardson, and other participants from the
   IETF CoRE and OMA SpecWorks DMSE working groups who have contributed
   ideas and reviews.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7049]  Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
              Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
              October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.

   [RFC7252]  Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., and C. Bormann, "The Constrained
              Application Protocol (CoAP)", RFC 7252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7252, June 2014,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7252>.

   [RFC8132]  van der Stok, P., Bormann, C., and A. Sehgal, "PATCH and
              FETCH Methods for the Constrained Application Protocol
              (CoAP)", RFC 8132, DOI 10.17487/RFC8132, April 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8132>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8259]  Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
              Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.

   [RFC8428]  Jennings, C., Shelby, Z., Arkko, J., Keranen, A., and C.
              Bormann, "Sensor Measurement Lists (SenML)", RFC 8428,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8428, August 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8428>.





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8.2.  Informative References

   [IPSO]     IPSO, "IPSO Light Control Smart Object", 2018,
              <http://www.openmobilealliance.org/tech/profiles/
              lwm2m/3311.xml>.

Authors' Addresses

   Ari Keranen
   Ericsson

   Email: ari.keranen@ericsson.com


   Mojan Mohajer
   u-blox UK

   Email: Mojan.Mohajer@u-blox.com

































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