Internet Engineering Task Force                 P. Duffy
   INTERNET DRAFT                                  Cisco Systems
   DHC Working Group                               March 2003
   Document: draft-ietf-dhc-pktc-kerb-tckt-01.txt
  
  
                    Security Ticket Control Sub-option
              for the CableLabs Client Configuration Option.
  
  
   Status of this Memo
  
      This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance
      with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026.
  
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   Copyright Notice
  
      Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.
  
   Abstract
  
      This document defines a new sub-option for the CableLabs Client
      Configuration (CCC) Option.  This new sub-option will be used to
      direct CableLabs Client Devices (CCDs) to invalidate locally
      persisted security tickets.
  
   1.   Conventions used in this document
  
  
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      The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
      NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and
      "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
      RFC 2119 [2].
  
   2.   Terminology
  
      Definitions of terms/acronyms used throughout this document:
  
      CCC - CableLabs Client Configuration option, defined in [1].
  
      CCD - CableLabs Client Device.  A PacketCable MTA is an example
      of a CCD.
  
      STC - Security Ticket Control.  The CCC sub-option described in
      this document.
  
      MTA - Media Terminal Adapter. The CCD specific to the PacketCable
      architecture.
  
      PacketCable - multimedia architecture developed by CableLabs. See
      [7] for full details.
  
      Security Ticket - a data object used to support establishment of
      authentication and privacy relationships.  Defined in the
      PacketCable Security Specification[3].
  
   3.   Introduction
  
      The CableLabs Client Configuration Option [1] defines several sub-
      options used to configure devices deployed within CableLabs
      architectures. These architectures implement the PacketCable
      Security Specification [3] (based on  Kerberos V5  [4]) to support
      CCD authentication and establishment of security associations
      between CCDs and application servers.
  
      CCDs are permitted to retain security tickets in local persistent
      storage. Thus a power-cycled CCD is enabled to avoid expensive
      ticket acquisition for locally persisted, non-expired tickets.
      This feature greatly reduces the security overhead of a
      deployment.
  
      This sub-option allows the service provider to control the
      lifetime of tickets persisted locally on a CCD.  The service
  
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      provider requires this capability to support operational
      functions such as forcing authentication, remote testing, and
      remote diagnostics of CCDs.
  
      It should be noted that, although based on the Kerberos V5 RFC
      [4], the PacketCable Security Specification is not a strict
      implementation of this RFC.  See [3] for details of the
      PacketCable Security Specification.
  
   4.   Security Ticket Control Sub-option
  
      This sub-option defines a Ticket Control Mask (TCM) that
      instructs the CCD to validate/invalidate specific application
      server tickets.  The sub-option is encoded as follows:
  
       Code   Len      TCM
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+
      | TBD |  2  | m1  | m2  |
      +-----+-----+-----+-----+
  
  
      The length MUST be 2.  The TCM field is encoded as an unsigned 16
      bit quantity per network byte-ordering rules.  Each bit of the TCM
      is assigned to a specific server or server group. A bit value of
      0 means the CCD MUST apply normal invalidation rules (defined in
      [3]) to the locally persisted ticket for the server/server group.
      A bit value of 1 means the CCD MUST immediately invalidate the
      locally persisted ticket for the server/server group.
  
      Bit #0 is the least significant bit of the field. The bit
      positions are assigned as follows.
  
         Bit #0 - the PacketCable Provisioning Server used by the CCD.
  
         Bit #1 - the group of all PacketCable Call Management Servers
         used by the CCD.
  
         Bit #2 - #15. Reserved and MUST be set to 0.
  
      If a CCD does not locally persist tickets, it MUST ignore this
      sub-option.
  
   5.   IANA Considerations
  
  
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      IANA is requested to assign a sub-option code to this sub-option
      from the "CableLabs Client Configuration" sub-option number space
      (maintained within the BOOTP-DHCP Parameters Registry).
  
   6.   Security Considerations
  
      Potential DHCP protocol attack exposure is discussed in section 7
      of the DHCP protocol specification [5] and in Authentication for
      DHCP Messages [6].  Additional CCC attack exposure is discussed
      in [1].
  
      The STC sub-option could be used to disrupt a CableLabs
      architecture deployment.  In the specific case of PacketCable
      [7], a deployment could be disrupted if a large number of MTAs
      are reset/power cycled, initiate their provisioning flow [8], and
      are instructed by a malicious DHCP server to invalidate all
      security tickets.  This could lead to a Denial of Service (DoS)
      condition as this large set of MTAs simultaneously attempt to
      authenticate and obtain tickets from the security infrastructure.
  
      However, the scenario described above is unlikely to occur.
      Within the cable delivery architecture required by the various
      CableLabs projects, the DHCP client is connected to a network
      through a cable modem and the CMTS (head-end). The CMTS is
      explicitly configured with a set of DHCP servers to which DHCP
      requests are forwarded.  Further, a correctly configured CMTS
      will only allow downstream traffic from specific IP
      addresses/ranges.
  
   7.   References
  
   7.1.  Normative
  
      [1] B. Beser and P. Duffy, "DHCP Option for CableLabs Client
      Configuration", http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-
      dhc-packetcable-06.txt, January 2003.
  
      [2] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
      Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
  
      [3] "PacketCable Security Specification", PKT-SP-SEC-I07-021127,
      http://www.packetcable.com/specifications.html
  
   7.2.  Informational
  
  
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      [4] J. Kohl and C. Neuman, "The Kerberos Network Authentication
      Service (V5)", RFC 1510, September 1993.
  
      [5] R. Droms, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131,
      March 1997.
  
      [6] R. Droms and W. Arbaugh, "Authentication for DHCP Messages",
      RFC 3118, June 2001
  
      [7] "PacketCable Architecture Framework Technical Report", PKT-
      TR-ARCH-V01-991201,
      http://www.packetcable.com/specifications.html
  
      [8] "PacketCable MTA Device Provisioning Specification", PKT-SP-
      PROV-I05-021127.  http://www.packetcable.com/specifications.html
  
  
   8.   Acknowledgments
  
      The author would like to acknowledge the effort of all those who
      contributed to the development of the PacketCable Provisioning
      specifications:
  
      Sumanth Channabasappa (Alopa Networks); Angela Lyda, Rick Morris,
      Rodney Osborne (Arris Interactive); Steven Bellovin and Chris
      Melle (AT&T); Eugene Nechamkin (Broadcom); John Berg, Maria
      Stachelek, Matt Osman (CableLabs); Klaus Hermanns, Azita Kia,
      Michael Thomas, Paul Duffy (Cisco); Deepak Patil (Com21); Jeff
      Ollis, Rick Vetter (General Instrument/Motorola); Roger Loots,
      David Walters (Lucent); Peter Bates (Telcordia); Patrick Meehan
      (Tellabs); Satish Kumar, Itay Sherman, Roy Spitzer (Telogy/TI),
      Aviv Goren (Terayon); Prithivraj Narayanan (Wipro), Burcak Beser
      (Juniper Networks), and Rich Woundy (Comcast).
  
      The author would also like to extend a special "thank you" to
      Eugene Nechamkin (Broadcom), David Atwood (Motorola), and Eric
      RosenFeld (CableLabs) for their thoughtful inputs.
  
  
   9.   Author's Addresses
  
      Paul Duffy
      Cisco Systems
      300 Apollo Drive
  
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      Chelmsford, MA, 01824
      Email: paduffy@cisco.com
  
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   Acknowledgement
  
      Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
      Internet Society.
  
  
  
  
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