Network Working Group                                         S. Park
  Internet-Draft                                                 P. Kim
  June 25, 2004                                     Samsung Electronics
                                                                B. Volz
                                                          Cisco Systems
  
  
                        Rapid Commit Option for DHCPv4
                    draft-ietf-dhc-rapid-commit-opt-05.txt
  
  
  Status of this Memo
  
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     This Internet-Draft will expire on December 24, 2004.
  
  Copyright Notice
  
     Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
  
  
  Abstract
  
     This document defines a new DHCPv4 option, modeled on the DHCPv6
     Rapid Commit option, for obtaining IP address and configuration
     information using a 2-message exchange rather than the usual 4-
     message exchange, expediting client configuration.
  
  
  
  
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  Table of Contents
  
    1. Introduction..................................................2
    2. Requirements..................................................3
    3. Client/Server Operations......................................3
    3.1 Detailed Flow................................................4
    3.2 Administrative Considerations................................7
    4. Rapid Commit Option Format....................................8
    5. IANA Considerations...........................................8
    6. Security Considerations.......................................8
    7. References....................................................9
    7.1 Normative References.........................................9
    7.2 Informative References.......................................9
    8. Authors' Addresses...........................................10
    9. Acknowledgements.............................................10
  
  
  
  
  1. Introduction
  
     In some environments, such as those in which high mobility occurs
     and the network attachment point changes frequently, it is benefical
     to rapidly configure clients. And, in these environments it is
     possible to more quickly configure clients because the protections
     offered by the normal (and longer) 4-message exchange may not be
     needed. The 4-message exchange allows for redundancy (multiple DHCP
     servers) without wasting addresses, as addresses are only
     provisionally assigned to a client until the client chooses and
     requests one of the provisionally assigned addresses. The 2-message
     exchange may therefore be used when only one server is present or
     when addresses are plentiful and having multiple servers commit
     addresses for a client is not a problem.
  
     This document defines a new Rapid Commit option for DHCPv4, modeled
     on the DHCPv6 Rapid Commit option [RFC3315], which can be used to
     initiate a 2-message exchange to expedite client configuration in
     some environments. A client advertises its support of this option
     by sending it in DHCPDISCOVER messages. A server then determines
     whether to allow the 2-message exchange based on its configuration
     information and can either handle the DHCPDISCOVER as defined in
     [RFC2131] or commit the client's configuration information and
     advance to sending a DHCPACK message with the Rapid Commit option
     as defined herein.
  
  
  
  
  
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  2. Requirements
  
     The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
     SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this
     document, are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119]
  
  
  3. Client/Server Operations
  
     If a client that supports the Rapid Commit option intends to use
     the rapid commit capability, it includes a Rapid Commit option in
     DHCPDISCOVER messages that it sends.  The client MUST NOT include
     it in any other messages.  A client and server only use this option
     when configured to do so.
  
     A client that sent a DHCPDISCOVER with Rapid Commit option processes
     responses as described in [RFC 2131].  However, if the client
     receives a DHCPACK message with a Rapid Commit option, it SHOULD
     process the DHCPACK immediately (without waiting for additional
     DHCPOFFER or DHCPACK messages) and use the address and
     configuration information contained therein.
  
     A server that supports the Rapid Commit option MAY respond to a
     DHCPDISCOVER message that included the Rapid Commit option with a
     DHCPACK that includes the Rapid Commit option and fully committed
     address and configuration information.  A server MUST NOT include
     the Rapid Commit option in any other messages.
  
     The Rapid Commit option MUST NOT appear in a Parameter Request
     List option [RFC 2132].
  
     All other DHCP operations are as documented in [RFC 2131].
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  3.1 Detailed Flow
  
     The following is a revised Section 3.1 of [RFC 2131] that includes
     handling of the Rapid Commit option.
  
        1. The client broadcasts a DHCPDISCOVER message on its local
           physical subnet.  If the client supports the Rapid Commit
           option and intends to use the rapid commit capability, it
           includes a Rapid Commit option in the DHCPDISCOVER message.
           The DHCPDISCOVER message MAY include options that suggest
           values for the network address and lease duration.  BOOTP
           relay agents may pass the message on to DHCP servers not on
           the same physical subnet.
  
        2. Each server may respond with either a DHCPOFFER message or a
           DHCPACK message with Rapid Commit option (the latter only if
           the DHCPDISCOVER contained a Rapid Commit option and the
           server's configuration policies allow use of Rapid Commit)
           that includes an available network address in the 'yiaddr'
           field (and other configuration parameters in DHCP options).
           Servers sending a DHCPOFFER need not reserve the offered
           network address, although the protocol will work more
           efficiently if the server avoids allocating the offered
           network address to another client.  Servers sending the
           DHCPACK message commit the binding for the client to
           persistent storage before sending the DHCPACK.  The
           combination of 'client identifier' or 'chaddr' and assigned
           network address constitute a unique identifier for the
           client's lease and are used by both the client and server
           to identify a lease referred to in any DHCP messages.  The
           server transmits the DHCPOFFER or DHCPACK message to the
           client, using the BOOTP relay agent if necessary.
  
           When allocating a new address, servers SHOULD check that the
           offered network address is not already in use; e.g., the
           server may probe the offered address with an ICMP Echo Request.
           Servers SHOULD be implemented so that network administrators
           MAY choose to disable probes of newly allocated addresses.
  
           Figure 3 in [RFC 2131] shows the flow for the normal 4-message
           exchange. Figure 1 below shows the 2-message exchange.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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                     Server          Client          Server
                 (not selected)                    (selected)
  
                       v               v               v
                       |               |               |
                       |     Begins initialization     |
                       |               |               |
                       | _____________/|\____________  |
                       |/DHCPDISCOVER  | DHCPDISCOVER \|
                       | w/Rapid Commit| w/Rapid Commit|
                       |               |               |
                   Determines          |          Determines
                  configuration        |         configuration
                       |               |     Commits configuration
                       |       Collects replies        |
                       |\              |  ____________/|
                       | \________     | / DHCPACK     |
                       | DHCPOFFER\    |/w/Rapid Commit|
                       |  (discarded)  |               |
                       |    Initialization complete    |
                       |               |               |
                       .               .               .
                       .               .               .
                       |               |               |
                       |      Graceful shutdown        |
                       |               |               |
                       |               |\ ____________ |
                       |               | DHCPRELEASE  \|
                       |               |               |
                       |               |        Discards lease
                       |               |               |
                       v               v               v
  
          Figure 1: Timeline diagram when Rapid Commit used
  
  
       3. The client receives one or more DHCPOFFER or DHCPACK (if Rapid
          Commit option sent in DHCPDISCOVER) messages from one or more
          servers.  If a DHCPACK (with Rapid Commit option) is received,
          the client may immediately advance to step 5 below if the
          offered configuration parameters are acceptable. The client may
          choose to wait for multiple responses. The client chooses one
          server from which to request or accept configuration parameters,
          based on the configuration parameters offered in the DHCPOFFER
          and DHCPACK messages.  If the client chooses a DHCPACK, it
          advances to step 5. Otherwise, the client broadcasts a
          DHCPREQUEST message that MUST include the 'server identifier'
  
  
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          option to indicate which server it has selected, and that MAY
          include other options specifying desired configuration values.
          The 'requested IP address' option MUST be set to the value of
          'yiaddr' in the DHCPOFFER message from the server.  This
          DHCPREQUEST message is broadcast and relayed through DHCP/BOOTP
          relay agents.  To help ensure that any BOOTP relay agents
          forward the DHCPREQUEST message to the same set of DHCP servers
          that received the original DHCPDISCOVER message, the
          DHCPREQUEST message MUST use the same value in the DHCP message
          header's 'secs' field and be sent to the same IP broadcast
          address as the original DHCPDISCOVER message.  The client times
          out and retransmits the DHCPDISCOVER message if the client
          receives no DHCPOFFER messages.
  
       4. The servers receive the DHCPREQUEST broadcast from the client.
          Those servers not selected by the DHCPREQUEST message use the
          message as notification that the client has declined that
          server's offer.  The server selected in the DHCPREQUEST message
          commits the binding for the client to persistent storage and
          responds with a DHCPACK message containing the configuration
          parameters for the requesting client.  The combination of
          'client identifier' or 'chaddr' and assigned network address
          constitute a unique identifier for the client's lease and are
          used by both the client and server to identify a lease referred
          to in any DHCP messages.  Any configuration parameters in the
          DHCPACK message SHOULD NOT conflict with those in the earlier
          DHCPOFFER message to which the client is responding.  The
          server SHOULD NOT check the offered network address at this
          point. The 'yiaddr' field in the DHCPACK messages is filled in
          with the selected network address.
  
          If the selected server is unable to satisfy the DHCPREQUEST
          message (e.g., the requested network address has been
          allocated), the server SHOULD respond with a DHCPNAK message.
  
          A server MAY choose to mark addresses offered to clients in
          DHCPOFFER messages as unavailable.  The server SHOULD mark an
          address offered to a client in a DHCPOFFER message as available
          if the server receives no DHCPREQUEST message from that client.
  
       5. The client receives the DHCPACK message with configuration
          parameters.  The client SHOULD perform a final check on the
          parameters (e.g., ARP for allocated network address), and notes
          the duration of the lease specified in the DHCPACK message.  At
          this point, the client is configured.  If the client detects
          that the address is already in use (e.g., through the use of
          ARP), the client MUST send a DHCPDECLINE message to the server
  
  
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          and restarts the configuration process.  The client SHOULD wait
          a minimum of ten seconds before restarting the configuration
          process to avoid excessive network traffic in case of looping.
  
          If the client receives a DHCPNAK message, the client restarts
          the configuration process.
  
          The client times out and retransmits the DHCPREQUEST message if
          the client receives neither a DHCPACK nor a DHCPNAK message.
          The client retransmits the DHCPREQUEST according to the
          retransmission algorithm in section 4.1 of [RFC 2131].  The
          client should choose to retransmit the DHCPREQUEST enough times
          to give adequate probability of contacting the server without
          causing the client (and the user of that client) to wait overly
          long before giving up; e.g., a client retransmitting as
          described in section 4.1 of [RFC 2131] might retransmit the
          DHCPREQUEST message four times, for a total delay of 60 seconds,
          before restarting the initialization procedure.  If the client
          receives neither a DHCPACK nor a DHCPNAK message after
          employing the retransmission algorithm, the client reverts to
          INIT state and restarts the initialization process.  The client
          SHOULD notify the user that the initialization process has
          failed and is restarting.
  
       6. The client may choose to relinquish its lease on a network
          address by sending a DHCPRELEASE message to the server.  The
          client identifies the lease to be released with its 'client
          identifier', or 'chaddr' and network address in the DHCPRELEASE
          message. If the client used a 'client identifier' when it
          obtained the lease, it MUST use the same 'client identifier' in
          the DHCPRELEASE message.
  
  
  3.2 Administrative Considerations
  
     Network administrators MUST only enable the use of Rapid Commit on a
     DHCP server if one of the following conditions is met:
  
       1. The server is the only server for the subnet.
  
       2. When multiple servers are present, they may each commit a
          binding for all clients and therefore each server must have
          sufficient addresses available.
  
          A server MAY allow configuration for a different (likely
          shorter) initial lease time for addresses assigned when Rapid
  
  
  
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          Commit is used to expedite reclaiming addresses not used by
          clients.
  
  
  4. Rapid Commit Option Format
  
     The Rapid Commit option is used to signal the use of the two message
     exchange for address assignment.  The code for the Rapid Commit
     Option has to be defined (TBD). The format of the option is:
  
  
            Code  Len
          +-----+-----+
          | TBD |  0  |
          +-----+-----+
  
  
          A client MUST include this option in a DHCPDISCOVER message if
          the client is prepared to perform the DHCPDISCOVER-DHCPACK
          message exchange described earlier.
  
          A server MUST include this option in a DHCPACK message sent in
          a response to a DHCPDISCOVER message when completing the
          DHCPDISCOVER-DHCPACK message exchange.
  
  
  5. IANA Considerations
  
     IANA is requested to assign a value for the Rapid Commit option code
     in accordance with [RFC 2939].
  
  
  6. Security Considerations
  
     The concepts in this document do not significantly alter the
     security considerations for DHCP (see [RFC 2131] and [RFC 3118]).
     However, use of this option could expedite denial of service attacks
     by allowing a mischievous client to more rapidly consume all
     available addresses or to do so without requiring two-way
     communication (as injecting DHCPDISCOVER messages with the Rapid
     Commit option is sufficient to cause a server to allocate an
     address).
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  7. References
  
  7.1 Normative References
  
     [RFC 2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
                 Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
  
     [RFC 2131]  R. Droms, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, RFC 2131,
                 March 1997.
  
  
  7.2 Informative References
  
     [RFC 2132]  Alexander, S. and Droms, R., "DHCP Options and BOOTP
                 Vendor Extensions," RFC 2132, March 1997.
  
     [RFC 2939]  R. Droms, Procedures and IANA Guidelines for Definition
                 of New DHCP Options and Message Types, RFC 2939,
                 September 2000.
  
     [RFC 3118]  R. Droms and W. Arbaugh, Authentication for DHCP
                 Messages, RFC 3118, June 2001.
  
     [RFC 3315]  R. Droms, et. al., Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
                 for IPv6, RFC 3315, July 2003.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  8. Authors' Addresses
  
     Soohong Daniel Park
     Mobile Platform Laboratory
     Samsung Electronics
     416, Maetan-3dong, Yeongtong-Gu
     Suwon, Korea
  
     Phone: +82-31-200-4508
     EMail: soohong.park@samsung.com
  
  
     Pyungsoo Kim
     Mobile Platform Laboratory
     Samsung Electronics
     416, Maetan-3dong, Yeongtong-Gu
     Suwon, Korea
  
     Phone: +82-31-200-4635
     Email: kimps@samsung.com
  
  
     Bernie Volz
     Cisco Systems, Inc.
     1414 Massachusette Ave.
     Boxborough, MA 01719
     USA
  
     Phone:  +1-978-936-0382
     EMail:  volz@cisco.com
  
  
  9. Acknowledgements
  
     Special thanks to Ted Lemon and Andre Kostur for their many
     valuable comments.  Thanks to Ralph Droms for his review comments
     during WGLC.  Thanks to Youngkeun Kim for his support on this work.
  
     Particularly, authors would like to acknowledge the implementation
     contributions by Minho Lee of Samsung Electronics.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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  Acknowledgment
  
     Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
     Internet Society.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
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