Internet Engineering Task Force P. Resnick, Ed.
Internet-Draft Qualcomm Incorporated
Obsoletes: RFC5738 (if approved) C. Newman, Ed.
Intended status: Standards Track Oracle
Expires: June 7, 2012 S. Shen, Ed.
CNNIC
December 5, 2011
IMAP Support for UTF-8
draft-ietf-eai-5738bis-02
Abstract
This specification extends the Internet Message Access Protocol
version 4rev1 (IMAP4rev1) to support UTF-8 encoded international
characters in user names, mail addresses and message headers. This
specification replaces RFC 5738.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 7, 2012.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Conventions Used in this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. UTF8=ACCEPT IMAP Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. IMAP UTF-8 Quoted Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2. UTF8 Parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.3. UTF-8 LIST and LSUB Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4. UTF-8 Interaction with IMAP4 LIST Command Extensions . . . 6
3.4.1. UTF8 LIST Selection Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.4.2. UTF8 LIST Return Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. IMAP UTF8 Append Data Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. LOGIN Command and UTF-8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. UTF8=ONLY Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7. Issues with UTF-8 Header Mailstore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Appendix A. Appendix A. Design Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Appendix B. Appendix B. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
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1. Introduction
This specification extends IMAP4rev1 [RFC3501] to permit UTF-8
[RFC3629] in headers as described in "Internationalized Email
Headers" [I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis] . It also adds a mechanism to
support mailbox names, login names, and passwords using the UTF-8
charset. This specification creates two new IMAP capabilities to
allow servers to advertise these new extensions, along with one new
IMAP LIST selection option and a new IMAP LIST return option.
This specification permits implementation of an IMAP server that
hides mailboxes with internationalized email messages from IMAP
clients that do not support this extension. Implementation of "Post-
delivery Message Downgrading for Internationalized Email Messages"
[popimap-downgrade] is necessary for an MDA to make mailboxes with
internationalized email messages visible to IMAP clients that do not
support this extension.
2. Conventions Used in this Document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY"
in this document are to be interpreted as defined in "Key words for
use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [RFC2119].
The formal syntax uses the Augmented Backus-Naur Form (ABNF)
[RFC5234] notation including the core rules defined in Appendix B of
[RFC5234]. In addition, rules from IMAP4rev1 [RFC3501], UTF-8
[RFC3629], "Collected Extensions to IMAP4 ABNF" [RFC4466], and IMAP4
LIST Command Extensions [RFC5258] are also referenced.
In examples, "C:" and "S:" indicate lines sent by the client and
server, respectively. If a single "C:" or "S:" label applies to
multiple lines, then the line breaks between those lines are for
editorial clarity only and are not part of the actual protocol
exchange.
3. UTF8=ACCEPT IMAP Capability
The "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability indicates that the server supports UTF-8
quoted strings, the "UTF8" parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE, and UTF-8
responses from the LIST and LSUB commands.
A client MUST use the "ENABLE UTF8=ACCEPT" command (defined in
[RFC5161]) to indicate to the server that the client accepts UTF-8
quoted-strings. The "ENABLE UTF8=ACCEPT" command MUST only be used
in the authenticated state. (Note that the "UTF8=ONLY" capability
described in Section 6 imply the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability. See
additional information in these sections.)
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3.1. IMAP UTF-8 Quoted Strings
The IMAP4rev1 [RFC3501] base specification forbids the use of 8-bit
characters in atoms or quoted strings. Thus, a UTF-8 string can only
be sent as a literal. This can be inconvenient from a coding
standpoint, and unless the server offers IMAP4 non-synchronizing
literals [RFC2088], this requires an extra round trip for each UTF-8
string sent by the client. When the IMAP server advertises the
"UTF8=ACCEPT" capability, it informs the client that it supports
native UTF-8 quoted-strings with the following syntax:
string =/ uQuoted
uQuoted = "*" DQUOTE *uQUOTED-CHAR DQUOTE
; referred as 'utf8-quote' in this document
DQUOTE = <Defined in appendix B.1 of RFC 5234>
uQUOTED-CHAR = QUOTED-CHAR / UTF8-2 / UTF8-3 / UTF8-4
UTF8-2 = <Defined in Section 4 of RFC3629>
UTF8-3 = <Defined in Section 4 of RFC3629>
UTF8-4 = <Defined in Section 4 of RFC3629>
When this quoting mechanism is used by the client (specifically an
octet sequence beginning with *" and ending with "), then the server
MUST reject octet sequences with the high bit set that fail to comply
with the formal syntax in [RFC3629] with a BAD response.
The IMAP server MUST NOT send utf8-quoted syntax to the client unless
the client has indicated support for that syntax by using the "ENABLE
UTF8=ACCEPT" command.
If the server advertises the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability, the client MAY
use utf8-quoted syntax with any IMAP argument that permits a string
(including astring and nstring). However, if characters outside the
US-ASCII repertoire are used in an inappropriate place, the results
would be the same as if other syntactically valid but semantically
invalid characters were used. Specific cases where UTF-8 characters
are permitted or not permitted are described in the following
paragraphs.
All IMAP servers that advertise the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability SHOULD
accept UTF-8 in mailbox names, and those that also support the
"Mailbox International Naming Convention" described in RFC 3501,
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Section 5.1.3 MUST accept utf8-quoted mailbox names and convert them
to the appropriate internal format. Mailbox names MUST comply with
the Net-Unicode Definition (Section 2 of [RFC5198]) with the specific
exception that they MUST NOT contain control characters (0000-001F,
0080-009F), delete (007F), line separator (2028), or paragraph
separator (2029).
An IMAP client MUST NOT issue a SEARCH command that uses a mixture of
utf8-quoted syntax and a SEARCH CHARSET other than UTF-8. If an IMAP
server receives such a SEARCH command, it SHOULD reject the command
with a BAD response (due to the conflicting charset labels).
3.2. UTF8 Parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE
The "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability also indicates that the server supports
the "UTF8" parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE. When a mailbox is
selected with the "UTF8" parameter, it alters the behavior of all
IMAP commands related to message sizes, message headers, and MIME
body headers so they refer to the message with UTF-8 headers.
Servers MAY include mailboxes that can only be selected or examined
if the "UTF8" parameter is provided. However, such mailboxes MUST
NOT be included in the output of LIST, LSUB, or equivalent command
unless the "UTF8" parameter is present. If a client attempts to
SELECT or EXAMINE such mailboxes without the "UTF8" parameter, the
server MUST reject the command with a [UTF-8-ONLY] response code. As
a result, such mailboxes will not be accessible by IMAP clients
written prior to this specification and are discouraged unless the
server advertises "UTF8=ONLY".
utf8-select-param = "UTF8" ;; Conforms to select-param from RFC 4466
C: a SELECT newmailbox (UTF8)
S: ...
S: a OK SELECT completed
C: b FETCH 1 (SIZE ENVELOPE BODY)
S: ... UTF-8 header native results
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S: b OK FETCH completed
C: c EXAMINE legacymailbox (UTF8)
S: c NO [NOT-UTF-8] Mailbox does not support UTF-8 access
C: d SELECT funky-new-mailbox
S: d NO [UTF-8-ONLY] Mailbox requires UTF-8 client
3.3. UTF-8 LIST and LSUB Responses
After an IMAP client successfully issues an "ENABLE UTF8=ACCEPT"
command, the server MUST NOT return in LIST results any mailbox names
to the client following the IMAP4 Mailbox International Naming
Convention. Instead, the server SHOULD return any mailbox names with
characters using utf8-quoted syntax. (The IMAP4 Mailbox
International Naming Convention has proved problematic in the past,
so the desire is to make this syntax obsolete as quickly as
possible.)
3.4. UTF-8 Interaction with IMAP4 LIST Command Extensions
When an IMAP server advertises the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability the
server MUST implement a "UTF8" LIST selection option and LIST return
option. These options are compatible with the "LIST-EXTENDED"
[RFC5258] capability.
When an IMAP server advertises both the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability and
the "LIST-EXTENDED" [RFC5258] capability, the server MUST support the
LIST extensions described in this section.
3.4.1. UTF8 LIST Selection Option
The "UTF8" LIST selection option tells the server to include
mailboxes that only support UTF-8 headers in the output of the list
command. Use of this selection option will also result in UTF-8
mailbox names in the result as described in Section 3.3 and implies
the "UTF8" List return option described in Section 3.4.2.
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3.4.2. UTF8 LIST Return Option
If the client supplies the "UTF8" LIST return option, then the server
MUST include either the "\NoUTF8" or the "\UTF8Only" mailbox
attribute as appropriate. The "\NoUTF8" mailbox attribute indicates
that an attempt to SELECT or EXAMINE that mailbox with the "UTF8"
parameter will fail with a [NOT-UTF-8] response code. The
"\UTF8Only" mailbox attribute indicates that an attempt to SELECT or
EXAMINE that mailbox without the "UTF8" parameter will fail with a
[UTF-8-ONLY] response code. Note that computing this information may
be expensive on some server implementations, so this return option
should not be used unless necessary.
The ABNF [RFC5234] for these LIST extensions follows:
List-select-independent-opt =/ "UTF8"
; List-select-independent-opt is defined in RFC 5258 Section 6
list-select-base-opt =/ "UTF8ONLY"
; list-select-base-opt is defined in RFC 5258 Section 6
return-option =/ "UTF8"
; return-option is defined in RFC 5258 Section 6
mbx-list-oflag =/ "\NoUTF8" / "\UTF8Only"
; mbx-list-oflag is defined in RFC 3501 Section 9
resp-text-code =/ "NOT-UTF-8" / "UTF-8-ONLY"
; resp-text-code is defined in RFC 3501 Section 9
In the event that the server advertises UTF8=ACCEPT and does not also
advertise LIST-EXTENDED [RFC 5258], then the first four of the above
five ABNF rules are replaced with the following ABNF:
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list = "LIST" [SP list-select-opts] SP mailbox SP list-mailbox
[SP list-return-opts]
; replaces "list" rule in RFC 3501 Section 9
list-select-opts = "(" [*(list-select-opt SP) list-select-opt] ")"
list-select-opt = "SUBSCRIBED" / "UTF8"
list-return-opts = "RETURN" SP
"(" [return-option *(SP return-option)] ")"
return-option = "SUBSCRIBED" / "UTF8"
mbx-list-sflag =/ "\NonExistent"
mbx-list-oflag =/ "\NoUTF8" / "\UTF8Only" / "\Subscribed"
; mbx-list-oflag is defined in RFC 3501 Section 9
In this case, the "SUBSCRIBED" LIST select option and "SUBSCRIBED"
LIST return option work as described in LIST Command Extensions [RFC
5258]. Any IMAP client that uses LIST selection options or LIST
return options (including "UTF8" and "SUBSCRIBED") MUST be able to
interoperate with a server that advertises both LIST-EXTENDED and
UTF8=ACCEPT. Such servers MAY include LIST response extensions as
described in LIST Command Extensions [RFC 5258].
4. IMAP UTF8 Append Data Extension
If the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability is advertised, then the server
accepts UTF-8 headers in the APPEND command message argument. A
client that sends a message with UTF-8 headers to the server MUST
send them using the "UTF8" APPEND data extension. If the server also
advertises the CATENATE capability (as specified in [RFC4469]), the
client can use the same data extension to include such a message in a
CATENATE message part. The ABNF for the APPEND data extension and
CATENATE extension follows:
utf8-literal = "UTF8" SP "(" literal8 ")"
append-data =/ utf8-literal
cat-part =/ utf8-literal
A server that advertises "UTF8=ACCEPT" MAY fail for \NotUTF8
mailboxes with a NOT-UTF-8 response code. If this command does not
fail, it MAY follow the requirements of the IMAP base specification
and [RFC5322] for message fetching. Mechanisms for 7-bit downgrading
to help comply with the standards are discussed in
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[popimap-downgrade].
IMAP servers that do not advertise the "UTF8=ACCEPT" or "UTF8=ONLY"
capability SHOULD reject an APPEND command that includes any 8-bit in
the message headers with a "NO" response.
Note that the "UTF8=ONLY" capability described in Section 6 implies
the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability. See additional information in that
section.
5. LOGIN Command and UTF-8
If the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability is advertised, that indicates the
server accepts UTF-8 user names and passwords and applies SASLprep
[RFC4013] to both arguments of the LOGIN command. The server MUST
reject UTF-8 that fails to comply with the formal syntax in RFC 3629
[RFC3629] or if it encounters Unicode characters listed in Section
2.3 of SASLprep RFC 4013 [RFC4013].
Although this makes it syntacically legal to have a UTF-8 user name
or password, there is no guarantee the user provisioning system used
by the IMAP server will allow such identities. This is an
implementation decision and MAY depend on what identity system the
IMAP server is configured to use.
6. UTF8=ONLY Capability
The "UTF8=ONLY" capability permits an IMAP server to advertise that
it does not support the international mailbox name convention
(modified UTF-7), and does not permit selection or examination of any
mailbox unless the "UTF8" parameter is provided. As this is an
incompatible change to IMAP, a clear warning is necessary. IMAP
clients that find implementation of the "UTF8=ONLY" capability
problematic are encouraged to at least detect the "UTF8=ONLY"
capability and provide an informative error message to the end-user.
The "UTF8=ONLY" capability implies the "UTF8=ACCEPT" capability.
7. Issues with UTF-8 Header Mailstore
When an IMAP server uses a mailbox format that supports UTF-8 headers
and it permits selection or examination of that mailbox without the
"UTF8" parameter, it is the responsibility of the server to comply
with the IMAP4rev1 base specification [RFC3501] and [RFC5322] with
respect to all header information transmitted over the wire.
Mechanisms for 7-bit downgrading to help comply with the standards
are discussed in [popimap-downgrade].
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8. IANA Considerations
This document adds two new capabilities ("UTF8=ACCEPT" and
"UTF8=ONLY") to the IMAP4rev1 Capabilities registry [RFC3501]. Three
other IMAP capabilites that were described in the experimental
predecessor to this document (UTF8=ALL, UTF8=APPEND, UTF8=USER) are
to be marked OBSOLETE in the registry.
This document adds two new IMAP4 list selection options and one new
IMAP4 list return option.
1. LIST-EXTENDED option name: UTF8
LIST-EXTENDED option type: SELECTION
Implied return options(s): UTF8
LIST-EXTENDED option description: Part of previous experiment, no
longer used.
Published specification: RFC 5738bis, Section 3.4.1
Security considerations: RFC 5738bis, section 9
Intended usage: OBSOLETE
Person and email address to contact for further information: see
the Authors' Addresses at the end of this specification
Owner/Change controller: iesg@ietf.org
2. LIST-EXTENDED option name: UTF8ONLY
LIST-EXTENDED option type: SELECTION
Implied return options(s): UTF8
LIST-EXTENDED option description: Causes the LIST response to
include mailboxes that mandate the UTF8 SELECT/EXAMINE parameter
and exclude mailboxes that do not support the UTF8 SELECT/EXAMINE
parameter.
Published specification: RFC 5738bis, Section 3.4.1
Security considerations: RFC 5738bis, section 9
Intended usage: COMMON
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Person and email address to contact for further information: see
the Authors' Addresses at the end of this specification
Owner/Change controller: iesg@ietf.org
3. LIST-EXTENDED option name: UTF8
LIST-EXTENDED option type: RETURN
Implied return options(s): none
LIST-EXTENDED option description: Causes the LIST response to
include \NoUTF8 and \UTF8Only mailbox attributes.
Published specification: RFC 5738bis, Section 3.4.1
Security considerations: RFC 5738bis, section 9
Intended usage: COMMON
Person and email address to contact for further information: see
the Authors' Addresses at the end of this specification
Owner/Change controller: iesg@ietf.org
9. Security Considerations
The security considerations of UTF-8 [RFC3629] and SASLprep [RFC4013]
apply to this specification, particularly with respect to use of
UTF-8 in user names and passwords. Otherwise, this is not believed
to alter the security considerations of IMAP4rev1.
This document does not address downgrading scenarios, the security
issues are discussed in [popimap-downgrade]
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC1341] Borenstein, N. and N. Freed, "MIME
(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions):
Mechanisms for Specifying and Describing
the Format of Internet Message Bodies",
RFC 1341, June 1992.
[RFC2045] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One:
Format of Internet Message Bodies",
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RFC 2045, November 1996.
[RFC2047] Moore, K., "MIME (Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions) Part Three: Message
Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text",
RFC 2047, November 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to
Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14,
RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2183] Troost, R., Dorner, S., and K. Moore,
"Communicating Presentation Information in
Internet Messages: The Content-Disposition
Header Field", RFC 2183, August 1997.
[RFC2231] Freed, N. and K. Moore, "MIME Parameter
Value and Encoded Word Extensions: Charact
er Sets, Languages, and Continuations",
RFC 2231, November 1997.
[RFC3501] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS
PROTOCOL - VERSION 4rev1", RFC 3501,
March 2003.
[RFC3629] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation
format of ISO 10646", STD 63, RFC 3629,
November 2003.
[RFC4013] Zeilenga, K., "SASLprep: Stringprep
Profile for User Names and Passwords",
RFC 4013, February 2005.
[RFC4466] Melnikov, A. and C. Daboo, "Collected
Extensions to IMAP4 ABNF", RFC 4466,
April 2006.
[RFC4469] Resnick, P., "Internet Message Access
Protocol (IMAP) CATENATE Extension",
RFC 4469, April 2006.
[RFC5161] Gulbrandsen, A. and A. Melnikov, "The IMAP
ENABLE Extension", RFC 5161, March 2008.
[RFC5198] Klensin, J. and M. Padlipsky, "Unicode
Format for Network Interchange", RFC 5198,
March 2008.
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[RFC5234] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF
for Syntax Specifications: ABNF", STD 68,
RFC 5234, January 2008.
[RFC5258] Leiba, B. and A. Melnikov, "Internet
Message Access Protocol version 4 - LIST
Command Extensions", RFC 5258, June 2008.
[RFC5259] Melnikov, A. and P. Coates, "Internet
Message Access Protocol - CONVERT
Extension", RFC 5259, July 2008.
[RFC5322] Resnick, P., Ed., "Internet Message
Format", RFC 5322, October 2008.
[I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5335bis] Yang, A., Steele, S., and N. Freed,
"Internationalized Email Headers",
draft-ietf-eai-rfc5335bis-13 (work in
progress), October 2011.
[RFC5738] Resnick, P. and C. Newman, "IMAP Support
for UTF-8", RFC 5738, March 2010.
[RFC5890] Klensin, J., "Internationalized Domain
Names for Applications (IDNA): Definitions
and Document Framework", RFC 5890,
August 2010.
10.2. Informative References
[RFC2049] Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Five:
Conformance Criteria and Examples",
RFC 2049, November 1996.
[RFC2088] Myers, J., "IMAP4 non-synchronizing
literals", RFC 2088, January 1997.
[RFC2277] Alvestrand, H., "IETF Policy on Character
Sets and Languages", BCP 18, RFC 2277,
January 1998.
[I-D.ietf-eai-rfc5721bis] Gellens, R., Newman, C., Yao, J., and K.
Fujiwara, "POP3 Support for UTF-8",
draft-ietf-eai-rfc5721bis-03 (work in
progress), November 2011.
[popimap-downgrade] Fujiwara, K., "Post-delivery Message
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Downgrading for Internationalized Email
Messages",
draft-ietf-eai-popimap-downgrade-03 (work
in progress), October 2010.
Appendix A. Appendix A. Design Rationale
This non-normative section discusses the reasons behind some of the
design choices in the above specification.
The basic approach of advertising the ability to access a mailbox in
UTF-8 mode is intended to permit graceful upgrade, including servers
that support multiple mailbox formats. In particular, it would be
undesirable to force conversion of an entire server mailstore to
UTF-8 headers, so being able to phase-in support for new mailboxes
and gradually migrate old mailboxes is permitted by this design.
The "UTF8=ONLY" mechanism simplifies diagnosis of interoperability
problems when legacy support goes away. In the situation where
backwards compatibility is broken anyway, just-send-UTF-8 IMAP has
the advantage that it might work with some legacy clients. However,
the difficulty of diagnosing interoperability problems caused by a
just-send-UTF-8 IMAP mechanism is the reason the "UTF8=ONLY"
capability mechanism was chosen.
Appendix B. Appendix B. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the participants of the EAI working group
for their contributions to this document with particular thanks to
Harald Alvestrand, David Black, Randall Gellens, Arnt Gulbrandsen,
Kari Hurtta, John Klensin, Xiaodong Lee, Charles Lindsey, Alexey
Melnikov, Subramanian Moonesamy, Shawn Steele, Daniel Taharlev, and
Joseph Yee for their specific contributions to the discussion.
Authors' Addresses
Pete Resnick (editor)
Qualcomm Incorporated
5775 Morehouse Drive
San Diego, CA 92121-1714
US
Phone: +1 858 651 4478
EMail: presnick@qualcomm.com
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Chris Newman (editor)
Oracle
800 Royal Oaks
Monrovia, CA 91016
USA
Phone:
EMail: chris.newman@oracle.com
Sean Shen (editor)
CNNIC
No.4 South 4th Zhongguancun Street
Beijing, 100190
China
Phone: +86 10-58813038
EMail: shenshuo@cnnic.cn
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