HIP Working Group                                             A. Keranen
Internet-Draft                                              G. Camarillo
Intended status: Experimental                                 J. Maenpaa
Expires: December 12, 2013                                      Ericsson
                                                           June 10, 2013


 Host Identity Protocol-Based Overlay Networking Environment (HIP BONE)
  Instance Specification for REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
                   draft-ietf-hip-reload-instance-08

Abstract

   This document is the Host Identity Protocol-Based Overlay Networking
   Environment (HIP BONE) instance specification for the REsource
   LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD) protocol.  The document provides the
   details needed to build a RELOAD-based overlay that uses HIP.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 12, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.












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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
   2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  Peer Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   4.  Node ID Generation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   5.  Mapping between Protocol Primitives and HIP Messages  . . . .   3
     5.1.  Forwarding Header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.2.  Security Block  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     5.3.  Replaced RELOAD Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   6.  Securing Communication  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   7.  Routing HIP Messages via the Overlay  . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   8.  Enrollment and Bootstrapping  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   9.  NAT Traversal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
   10. RELOAD Overlay Configuration Document Extension . . . . . . .   7
   11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   12. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   13. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   14. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     14.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
     14.2.  Informational References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9

1.  Introduction

   The HIP BONE (Host Identify Protocol-Based Overlay Networking
   Environment) specification [RFC6079] provides a high-level framework
   for building HIP-based [RFC5201] overlays.  The HIP BONE framework
   leaves the specification of the details on how to combine a
   particular peer protocol with HIP to build an overlay up to documents
   referred to as HIP BONE instance specifications.  As discussed in
   [RFC6079], a HIP BONE instance specification needs to define,
   minimally:

   o  the peer protocol to be used.

   o  what kind of Node IDs are used and how they are derived.




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   o  which peer protocol primitives trigger HIP messages.

   o  how the overlay identifier is generated.

   This document addresses all the previous items and provides
   additional details needed to built RELOAD-based HIP BONEs.  The
   details on how different RELOAD modules would be integrated to a HIP
   implementation and what kind of APIs are used between them are left
   as implementation details or to be defined by other documents.

2.  Terminology

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
   In addition, this document uses the terms defined in [RFC5201],
   [RFC6079], [RFC6028], and [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].

3.  Peer Protocol

   The peer protocol to be used is RELOAD, which is specified in
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].  When used with RELOAD, HIP replaces the
   RELOAD's Forwarding and Link Management Layer (described in
   Section 6.5 of [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]).

4.  Node ID Generation

   This document specifies two modes for generating Node and Resource
   IDs.  Which mode is used in an actual overlay is defined by the
   overlay configuration.  Both of the modes are based on 16-byte ID
   mode of RELOAD, and hence only 16-byte RELOAD Node and Resource IDs
   MUST be used in a RELOAD HIP BONE.

   HIP uses 128-bit ORCHIDs [RFC4843] as identifiers.  In a RELOAD HIP
   BONE a peer's ORCHID can be used as such as a RELOAD Node ID (the
   "ORCHID" mode).  In this mode all the RELOAD IDs, including Resource
   IDs, are prefixed with the ORCHID prefix and the lower 100 bits of
   the IDs defined by RELOAD usage documents are used after the prefix.

   In the other Node ID mode, namely "RELOAD", all 128 bits are
   generated as defined in [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] resulting in a larger
   usable address space.  The downside of not using the ORCHID prefix is
   that such Node IDs can not be used with legacy applications and APIs,
   as discussed in Section 5.1 of [RFC6079].

5.  Mapping between Protocol Primitives and HIP Messages





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   RELOAD HIP BONE replaces the RELOAD protocol primitives taking care
   of connection establishment with the HIP base exchange, whereas the
   rest of the RELOAD messages are conveyed within HIP messages.  The
   Forwarding and Link Management Layer functionality of RELOAD defined
   in Section 6.5 of [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base], including all the NAT
   traversal functionality, is replaced by HIP, existing extensions of
   HIP, and the extensions defined in this document.

   The standard RELOAD messages consist of three parts: Forwarding
   Header, Message Contents and the Security Block.  When RELOAD
   messages are sent in a RELOAD HIP BONE overlay, the RELOAD Message
   Contents are used as such within HIP DATA [RFC6078] messages, but the
   functionality of the Forwarding Header and Security Block are
   replaced with HIP header, HIP Destination and Via lists [RFC6028],
   and CERT [RFC6253], TRANSACTION_ID [RFC6078], OVERLAY_ID and
   OVERLAY_TTL [RFC6079] parameters, as defined in the following
   sections.

5.1.  Forwarding Header

   The RELOAD Forwarding Header is used for forwarding messages between
   peers and to their final destination.  The Forwarding Header's
   overlay field value MUST be used as such in an OVERLAY_ID parameter
   and the transaction_id field in a TRANSACTION_ID parameter.  That is,
   all RELOAD HIP BONE messages MUST contain these parameters and the
   length of the OVERLAY_ID parameter's identifier field is 4 and the
   length of the TRANSACTION_ID parameter is 8 octets.  HIP Destination
   and Via lists are used for the same purpose as the destination_list
   and via_list in the Forwarding Header, with the exception that all
   Resource IDs MUST be of the same length as Node IDs and compressed
   IDs MUST NOT be used.  The TTL value in the OVERLAY_TTL parameter is
   used like the ttl field in the Forwarding Header.

   The functionality of the fragment and length fields are provided by
   the HIP headers.  The relo_token, version, and max_response_length
   are not needed with HIP and options field, if needed eventually for
   some extensions, can be replaced with additional HIP parameters.

5.2.  Security Block

   The RELOAD Security Block contains certificates and digital
   signatures of the message.  All the HIP DATA messages are digitally
   signed by the originator of the message and contain the HOST_ID
   parameter with the identifier that can be used for verifying the
   signature.  Certificates are delivered in a HIP CERT parameter as
   defined in [RFC6253] or stored to the overlay using the RELOAD
   Certificate Storage Usage.




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   Note that when the RELOAD mode for Node ID generation is used, the
   certificate certifying that a host is allowed to use a certain Node
   ID MUST contain host's Node ID instead of HIT in the "Subject
   Alternative Name" of the certificate as described in Section 11.3 of
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] while the "Subject" field contains the HIT
   calculated from the Host Identity.

5.3.  Replaced RELOAD Messages

   The Attach procedure in RELOAD establishes a connection between two
   peers.  This procedure is performed using the AttachReq and AttachAns
   messages.  When HIP is used, the Attach procedure is performed by
   using a HIP base exchange.  That is, peers send HIP I1 messages
   instead of RELOAD AttachReq messages.  This behavior replaces the one
   described in Section 6.5 of [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].

   The AppAttach procedure in RELOAD is used for creating a connection
   for other applications than RELOAD.  Also the AppAttach procedure is
   replaced with HIP base exchange and, after the base exchange, peers
   can exchange any application layer data using the normal transport
   layer ports over the NAT traversing IPsec connection.

   This specification does not support flooding of configuration files,
   so ConfigUpdate requests and responses (Section 6.5.4 of
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]) MUST NOT be sent in the overlay.  RELOAD Ping
   messages (Section 6.5.3 of [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]) MAY be used.

   For all other RELOAD messages the Message Contents are used as such
   within HIP DATA messages.

6.  Securing Communication

   RELOAD uses TLS [RFC5246] connections for securing the hop-by-hop
   messaging and certificates and signatures for providing integrity
   protection for the overlay messages and for the data stored in the
   overlay.

   With a RELOAD HIP BONE, instead of using TLS connections as defined
   in [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base], all HIP overlay messages SHOULD be either
   sent using encrypted connections (such as IPsec ESP tunnel between
   two peers [RFC6261]) or the contents of the messages SHOULD be in an
   ENCRYPTED parameter (see Section 5.2.15 of [RFC5201]).  Use of
   encrypted connections is RECOMMENDED since that provides
   confidentiality also for the HIP headers.

   The data objects stored in the RELOAD HIP BONE overlay are signed and
   the signatures are stored as defined in [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] with
   the exception that SignerIdentity is carried in the HIP DATA



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   message's HOST_ID parameter instead of using the RELOAD
   SecurityBlock.  Where certificates are needed, they are sent using
   the HIP CERT parameter.

7.  Routing HIP Messages via the Overlay

   If a host has no valid locator for the receiver of a new HIP packet,
   and the receiver is part of a RELOAD HIP BONE overlay the host is
   participating in, the host can send the HIP packet to the receiver
   using the overlay routing.

   When sending a HIP packet via the overlay, the host MUST add an empty
   ROUTE_VIA parameter [RFC6028] to the packet with the SYMMETRIC and
   MUST_FOLLOW flags set and an OVERLAY_ID parameter containing the
   identifier of the right overlay network.  The host consults the
   RELOAD Topology Plugin for the next hop and sends the HIP packet to
   that host.

   An intermediate host receiving a HIP packet with the OVERLAY_ID
   parameter checks if it is participating in that overlay, and SHOULD
   drop packets sent to unknown overlays.  If the host is not the final
   destination of the packet (i.e., the Receiver HIT in the HIP header
   does not match to any of its HITs), it checks if the packet contains
   a ROUTE_DST parameter.  Such packets are forwarded to the next hop as
   specified in [RFC6028].  If the packet does not contain a ROUTE_DST
   parameter, the host finds the next hop from the RELOAD Topology
   Plugin and forwards the packet there.  As specified in [RFC6028], the
   host adds the HIT it uses on the HIP association with the next hop
   host to the end of the ROUTE_VIA parameter, if present.

   When the final destination host receives the HIP packet, the host
   processes it as specified in [RFC5201] and in case of HIP DATA
   packet, the contents are processed as specified in
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].  If the HIP packet generates a response, the
   response is routed back on the same path using the ROUTE_DST
   parameter as specified in [RFC6028].

8.  Enrollment and Bootstrapping

   The RELOAD HIP BONE instance uses the enrollment and bootstrap
   procedure defined by RELOAD [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] with the
   exceptions listed below.

   o  In RELOAD, a node wishing to enroll in an overlay starts with
      obtaining a configuration document as explained in
      [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base].  This specification extends the RELOAD
      overlay configuration document as defined in Section 10.




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   o  The X.509 certificates used by the RELOAD HIP BONE instance are
      similar to those of RELOAD except that they contain HITs instead
      of RELOAD URIs.  The HITs are included in the SubjectAltName field
      of the certificate as described in [RFC6253].

   o  When contacting a bootstrap node, instead of forming a DTLS or TLS
      connection, the host MUST perform a HIP base exchange with the
      bootstrap node.  The base exchange MAY be performed using a HIP
      rendezvous or relay server.

9.  NAT Traversal

   RELOAD relies on the Forwarding and Link Management Layer providing
   NAT traversal capabilities.  Thus, the RELOAD HIP BONE instance
   implementations MUST implement some reliable NAT traversal mechanism.
   To maximize interoperability, all implementations SHOULD implement at
   least [RFC5770].

   HIP relay servers are not necessarily needed with this HIP BONE
   instance since the overlay network can be used for relaying the Base
   Exchange and further HIP signaling can be done directly between the
   peers.  However, if it is possible that a bootstrap peer is behind a
   NAT, it MUST register with a HIP relay so that there is a reliable
   way to connect to it.

10.  RELOAD Overlay Configuration Document Extension

   This document modifies the bootstrap-node element of the RELOAD
   overlay configuration document.  The modified bootstrap-node element
   contains the following attributes:

   address:  The locator of the bootstrap node.

   port:  The HIP port of the bootstrap node.

   hit:  The HIT of the bootstrap node.

   If the bootstrap-node element does not contain a HIT, the
   opportunistic mode (as specified in [RFC5201]) SHOULD be used for
   contacting the bootstrap node.  If the element does not contain a
   port number, the bootstrap node SHOULD be contacted by starting the
   base exchange as defined in [RFC5201].  Otherwise, the base exchange
   MUST be started UDP-encapsulated as defined in [RFC5770] using the
   given port as the destination port number.

   A RELOAD HIP BONE overlay MUST use Overlay Link Protocol type "HIP"
   in the configuration document's overlay-link-protocol element.  The
   enrolling node MUST check the overlay-link-protocol element and



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   proceed with procedures defined in this document only if "HIP" link
   type is found.

   This document also adds a new element inside the configuration
   element that defines which mode (see Section 4) is used for
   generating the Node and Resource IDs.  The name of the element is
   "hipbone-id-mode" and the content is the identifier of the mode:
   "ORCHID" for the ORCHID prefixed IDs and "RELOAD" for the IDs that
   use the whole 128 bits as defined by the RELOAD specification.  The
   NodeIdLength MUST be set to 16 in the configuration document and the
   16 bytes are used, depending on the generation mode, as defined in
   Section 4.

11.  Security Considerations

   The security considerations of RELOAD (Section 13 of
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]), with the exception of TLS specific features,
   apply also to RELOAD HIP BONE instances.

   The option to send overlay messages unencrypted makes it possible for
   hosts that are not part of the overlay to inspect the contents of the
   messages and thus should be avoided when possible.  If the ENCRYPTED
   parameter is used instead of encrypted connections, the HIP header
   remains visible but the contents are protected.

   Limiting the Node ID and Resource ID space into 128 bits (or 100 bits
   with ORCHID prefixes) results in a higher probability for ID
   collisions, both unintentional and intentional, than using larger
   address spaces.

12.  IANA Considerations

   This section is to be interpreted according to [RFC5226].

   IANA is requested to update the "Overlay Link Protocol" registry
   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base] by assigning new Overlay Link Protocol type
   "HIP" (see Section 10).

13.  Acknowledgements

   Tom Henderson provided valuable comments on the draft.

14.  References

14.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.



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   [RFC4843]  Nikander, P., Laganier, J., and F. Dupont, "An IPv6 Prefix
              for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers
              (ORCHID)", RFC 4843, April 2007.

   [RFC5201]  Moskowitz, R., Nikander, P., Jokela, P., and T. Henderson,
              "Host Identity Protocol", RFC 5201, April 2008.

   [RFC5226]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
              IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 5226,
              May 2008.

   [RFC5770]  Komu, M., Henderson, T., Tschofenig, H., Melen, J., and A.
              Keranen, "Basic Host Identity Protocol (HIP) Extensions
              for Traversal of Network Address Translators", RFC 5770,
              April 2010.

   [RFC6028]  Camarillo, G. and A. Keranen, "Host Identity Protocol
              (HIP) Multi-Hop Routing Extension", RFC 6028, October
              2010.

   [RFC6078]  Camarillo, G. and J. Melen, "Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
              Immediate Carriage and Conveyance of Upper-Layer Protocol
              Signaling (HICCUPS)", RFC 6078, January 2011.

   [RFC6079]  Camarillo, G., Nikander, P., Hautakorpi, J., Keranen, A.,
              and A. Johnston, "HIP BONE: Host Identity Protocol (HIP)
              Based Overlay Networking Environment (BONE)", RFC 6079,
              January 2011.

   [RFC6253]  Heer, T. and S. Varjonen, "Host Identity Protocol
              Certificates", RFC 6253, May 2011.

   [RFC6261]  Keranen, A., "Encrypted Signaling Transport Modes for the
              Host Identity Protocol", RFC 6261, May 2011.

   [I-D.ietf-p2psip-base]
              Jennings, C., Lowekamp, B., Rescorla, E., Baset, S., and
              H. Schulzrinne, "REsource LOcation And Discovery (RELOAD)
              Base Protocol", draft-ietf-p2psip-base-26 (work in
              progress), February 2013.

14.2.  Informational References

   [RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
              (TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.

Authors' Addresses




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   Ari Keranen
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   02420 Jorvas
   Finland

   Email: Ari.Keranen@ericsson.com


   Gonzalo Camarillo
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas  02420
   Finland

   Email: Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com


   Jouni Maenpaa
   Ericsson
   Hirsalantie 11
   Jorvas  02420
   Finland

   Email: Jouni.Maenpaa@ericsson.com


























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