Network Working Group Srihari R. Sangli (Cisco Systems) Internet Draft Daniel Tappan (Cisco Systems) Expiration Date: August 2005 Yakov Rekhter (Juniper Networks) BGP Extended Communities Attribute draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt Status of this Memo This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as ``work in progress.'' The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. IPR Disclosure Acknowledgement By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been disclosed, and any of which I become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 1]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (year). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Additional copyright notices are not permitted in IETF Documents except in the case where such document is the product of a joint development effort between the IETF and another standards development organization or the document is a republication of the work of another standards organization. Such exceptions must be approved on an individual basis by the IAB. Disclaimer This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Abstract This document describes an extension to BGP-4 which may be used to provide flexible control over the distribution of routing information. Specification of Requirements The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119]. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 2]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 1. Introduction The Extended Community Attribute provides two important enhancements over the existing BGP Community Attribute: - It provides an extended range, ensuring that communities can be assigned for a plethora of uses, without fear of overlap. - The addition of a Type field provides structure for the community space. The addition of structure allows the usage of policy based on the application for which the community value will be used. For example, one can filter out all communities of a particular type, or allow only certain values for a particular type of community. It also allows one to specify whether a particular community is transitive or non-transitive across Autonomous system boundary. Without structure, this can only be accomplished by explicitly enumerating all community values which will be denied or allowed and passed to BGP speakers in neighboring ASes based on the transitive property. 2. BGP Extended Communities Attribute The Extended Communities Attribute is a transitive optional BGP attribute, with the Type Code 16. The attribute consists of a set of "extended communities". All routes with the Extended Communities attribute belong to the communities listed in the attribute. Each Extended Community is encoded as an eight octet quantity, as follows: - Type Field : 1 or 2 octets - Value Field : Remaining octets 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type high | Type low(*) | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Value | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ *) Present for Extended types only, used for the Value field otherwise Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 3]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 Type Field: Two classes of Type Field are introduced: Regular type and Extended type. The size of Type Field for Regular types is 1 octet and the size of the Type Field for Extended types is 2 octets. The value of the high-order octet of the Type Field determines if an extended community is a Regular type or an Extended type. The high-order octet of the Type Field is as shown below: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |I|T| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ I - IANA authority bit Value 0: IANA assignable type using the "First Come First Serve" policy Value 1: IANA assignable type using the IETF Consensus policy and experimental T - Transitive bit Value 0: The community is transitive across ASes Value 1: The community is non-transitive across ASes Remaining 6 bits: Indicates the structure of the community Value Field: The encoding of the Value Field is dependent on the "type" of the community as specified by the Type Field. Two extended communities are declared equal only when all 8 octets of their encoding are equal. The two members in the tuple <Type, Value> should be enumerated to specify any community value. Based on the value of the Type field, the remaining octets of the community should be interpreted. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 4]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 3. Defined BGP Extended Community Types This section introduces a few extended types and defines the format of the Value Field for those types. The types introduced here provide "templates", where each template is identified by the high order octet of the extended community Type field, and the lower order octet (sub-type) is used to indicate a particular type of extended commu- nity. 3.1. Two-octet AS specific extended community This is an extended type with Type Field comprising of 2 octets and Value Field comprising of 6 octets. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x00 or 0x40 | Sub-Type | Global Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Local Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ The value of the high-order octet of this extended type is either 0x00 or 0x40. The low-order octet of this extended type is used to indicate sub-types. The Value Field consists of two sub-fields: Global Administrator sub-field: 2 octets This sub-field contains an Autonomous System number assigned by IANA. Local Administrator sub-field: 4 octets The organization identified by Autonomous System number in the Global Administrator sub-field, can encode any information in this sub-field. The format and meaning of the value encoded in this sub-field should be defined by the sub-type of the commu- nity. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 5]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 3.2. IPv4 address specific extended community This is an extended type with Type Field comprising of 2 octets and Value Field comprising of 6 octets. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x01 or 0x41 | Sub-Type | Global Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Global Administrator (cont.) | Local Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ The value of the high-order octet of this extended type is either 0x01 or 0x41. The low-order octet of this extended type is used to indicate sub-types. The Value field consists of two sub-fields: Global Administrator sub-field: 4 octets This sub-field contains an IPv4 address assigned by IANA. Local Administrator sub-field: 2 octets The organization which has been assigned the IPv4 address in the Global Administrator sub-field, can encode any information in this sub-field. The format and meaning of this value encoded in this sub-field should be defined by the sub-type of the community. 3.3. Four-octet AS specific extended community This is an extended type with Type Field comprising of 2 octets and Value Field comprising of 6 octets. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x02 or 0x42 | Sub-Type | Global Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Global Administrator (cont.) | Local Administrator | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 6]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 The value of the high-order octet of this extended type is either 0x02 or 0x42. The low-order octet of this extended type is used to indicate sub-types. The Value Field consists of two sub-fields: Global Administrator sub-field: 4 octets This sub-field contains a 4-octets Autonomous System number assigned by IANA. Local Administrator sub-field: 2 octets The organization identified by Autonomous System number in the Global Administrator sub-field, can encode any information in this sub-field. The format and meaning of the value encoded in this sub-field should be defined by the sub-type of the commu- nity. 3.4. Opaque extended community This is an extended type with Type Field comprising of 2 octets and Value Field comprising of 6 octets. 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | 0x03 or 0x43 | Sub-Type | Value | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Value (cont.) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ The value of the high-order octet of this extended type is either 0x03 or 0x43. The low-order octet of this extended type is used to indicate sub-types. This is a generic community of extended type. The value of the sub- type which should define the Value Field is to be assigned by IANA. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 7]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 4. Route Target Community The Route Target Community identifies one or more routers that may receive a set of routes (that carry this Community) carried by BGP. This is transitive across the Autonomous system boundary. The Route Target Community is of an extended type. The value of the high-order octet of the Type field for the Route Target Community can be 0x00, 0x01 or 0x02. The value of the low- order octet of the Type field for this community is 0x02. When the value of the high-order octet of the Type field is 0x00 or 0x02, the Local Administrator sub-field contains a number from a num- bering space which is administered by the organization to which the Autonomous System number carried in the Global Administrator subfield has been assigned by an appropriate authority. When the value of the high-order octet of the Type field is 0x01, the Local Administrator sub-field contains a number from a numbering space which is administered by the organization to which the IP address carried in the Global Administrator subfield has been assigned by an appropriate authority. 5. Route Origin Community The Route Origin Community identifies one or more routers that inject a set of routes (that carry this Community) into BGP. This is transi- tive across the Autonomous system boundary. The Route Origin Community is of an extended type. The value of the high-order octet of the Type field for the Route Origin Community can be 0x00, 0x01 or 0x02. The value of the low- order octet of the Type field for this community is 0x03. When the value of the high-order octet of the Type field is 0x00 or 0x02, the Local Administrator sub-field contains a number from a num- bering space which is administered by the organization to which the Autonomous System number carried in the Global Administrator subfield has been assigned by an appropriate authority. When the value of the high-order octet of the Type field is 0x01, the Local Administrator sub-field contains a number from a numbering space which is administered by the organization to which the IP address carried in the Global Administrator subfield has been assigned by an appropriate authority. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 8]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 6. Link Bandwidth Community When a router receives a route from a directly connected external neighbor (the external neighbor that is one IP hop away), and adver- tises this route (via IBGP) to internal neighbors, as part of this advertisement the router may carry the bandwidth of the link that connects the router with the external neighbor. The bandwidth of such a link is carried in the Link Bandwidth Community. The Link Bandwidth Community is of an extended type. The value of the high-order octet of the Type Field is 0x00. The value of the low-order octet of the Type field for this community is 0x04. The value of the Global Administrator sub-field in the Value Field MUST represent the Autonomous System of the router that attaches the Link Bandwidth Community. The bandwidth of the link is expressed as 4 octets in IEEE floating point format, units being bytes per second. It is carried in the Local Administrator sub-field of the Value Field. 7. Operations A BGP speaker may use the Extended Communities attribute to control which routing information it accepts or distributes to its peers. The Extended Community attribute MUST NOT be used to modify the BGP best path selection algorithm in a way that leads to forwarding loops. A BGP speaker receiving a route that doesn't have the Extended Commu- nities attribute MAY append this attribute to the route when propa- gating it to its peers. A BGP speaker receiving a route with the Extended Communities attribute MAY modify this attribute according to the local policy. By default if a range of routes is to be aggregated and the resultant aggregates path attributes do not carry the ATOMIC_AGGREGATE attribute, then the resulting aggregate should have an Extended Com- munities path attribute which contains the set union of all the Extended Communities from all of the aggregated routes. The default behavior could be overriden via local configuration, in which case handling the Extended Communities attribute in the presence of route aggregation becomes a matter of the local policy of the BGP speaker Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 9]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 that performs the aggregation. If a route has a non-transitivity extended community, then before advertising the route across the Autonomous system boundary the com- munity SHOULD be removed from the route. However, the community SHOULD NOT be removed when advertising the route across the BGP Con- federation boundary. A route may carry both the BGP Communities attribute as defined in [RFC1997]), and the Extended BGP Communities attribute. In this case the BGP Communities attribute is handled as specified in [RFC1997], and the Extended BGP Communities attribute is handled as specified in this document. 8. IANA Considerations All the BGP Extended Communities contain a Type field for which IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled BGP Extended Communi- ties Type. The Type could be either regular or extended. For a regular Type the IANA allocates an 8-bits value; for an extended Type the IANA allo- cates a 16-bits value. The value allocated for a regular Type MUST NOT be reused as the value of the high-order octet when allocating an extended Type. The value of the high-order octet allocated for an extended Type MUST NOT be reused when allocating a regular Type. The Type field indicates where the Extended Community is transitive or not. Future assignment are to be made using either the Standards Action process defined in [RFC2434], or the Early IANA Allocation process defined in [kompella-zinin], or the "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC2434]. The following table summarizes the ranges for the assignment of Types: Type Standard Action First Come Early IANA Allocation First Served ------------------ --------------------- ------------ regular, transitive 0x90-0xbf 0x00-x3f regular, non-transitive 0xd0-0xff 0x40-0x7f Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 10]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 extended, transitive 0x9000-0xbfff 0x0000-0x3fff extended, non-transitive 0xd000-0xffff 0x4000-0x7fff Assignments consist of a name and the value. The Type values 0x80-0x8f and 0xc0-0xcf for regular Types, and 0x8000-0x8fff and 0xc000-0xcfff for extended Types are experimental, and are not to be assigned by IANA. This document defines a class of extended communities called two- octet AS specific extended community for which the IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled Two-octet AS Specific Extended Com- munity. All the communities in this class are of extended Types. Future assignment are to be made using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC2434]. The Type values for the transitive com- munities of the two-octet AS specific extended community class are 0x0000-0x00ff, and for the non-transitive communities of that class are 0x4000-0x40ff. Assignments consist of a name and the value. This document makes the following assignments for the two-octet AS specific extended community: Name Type Value ---- ---------- two-octet AS specific Route Target 0x0002 two-octet AS specific Route Origin 0x0003 two-octet AS specific Link Bandwidth 0x0004 This document defines a class of extended communities called IPv4 address specific extended community for which the IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled IPv4 Address Specific Extended Community. All the communities in this class are of extended Types. Future assignment are to be made using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC2434]. The Type values for the transitive communities of the two-octet AS specific extended community class are 0x0100-0x01ff, and for the non-transitive communities of that class are 0x4100-0x41ff. Assignments consist of a name and the value. This document makes the following assignments for the IPv4 address specific extended community: Name Type Value ---- ---------- IPv4 address specific Route Target 0x0102 IPv4 address specific Route Origin 0x0103 Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 11]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 This document defines a class of extended communities called four-octet AS specific extended community for which the IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled Four-octet AS Specific Extended Community. All the communities in this class are of extended Types. Future assignment are to be made using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC2434]. The Type values for the transitive communities of the two-octet AS specific extended community class are 0x0200-0x02ff, and for the non-transitive communities of that class are 0x4200-0x42ff. Assignments consist of a name and the value. This document makes the following assignments for the four-octet AS specific extended community: Name Type Value ---- ---------- four-octet AS specific Route Target 0x0202 four-octet AS specific Route Origin 0x0203 This document defines a class of extended communities called opaque extended community for which the IANA is to create and maintain a registry entitled Opaque Extended Community. All the communities in this class are of extended Types. Future assignment are to be made using the "First Come First Served" policy defined in [RFC2434]. The Type values for the transitive communities of the opaque extended community class are 0x0300-0x03ff, and for the non-transitive communities of that class are 0x4300-0x43ff. Assignments consist of a name and the value. When requesting an allocation from more than one registry defined above, one may ask for allocating the same Type value from these registries. If possible, the IANA should accommodate such requests. 9. Security Considerations This extension to BGP does not change the underlying security issues. Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 12]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 10. Intellectual Property Considerations This section is taken from Section 10.4 of [RFC2026]. The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to per- tain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards- related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. 11. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (date). All Rights Reserved. This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or assist in its implmentation may be prepared, copied, published and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this doc- ument itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of develop- ing Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than English. The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. This document and the information contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 13]
Internet Draft draft-ietf-idr-bgp-ext-communities-08.txt February 2005 BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER- CHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 12. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank John Hawkinson, Jeffrey Haas, Bruno Rijsman, and Alex Zinin for their suggestions and feedback. 13. Normative References [BGP-4] Rekhter, Y., and T. Li, "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 1771, March 1995. [RFC1997] Chandra, R., Traina, P., Li, T., "BGP Communities Attribute", RFC1997, August 1996. [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. 14. Author Information Srihari R. Sangli Cisco Systems, Inc. Dan Tappan Cisco Systems, Inc. 250 Apollo Drive Chelmsford, MA 01824 e-mail: tappan@cisco.com Yakov Rekhter Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 N. Mathilda Ave Sunnyvale, CA 94089 e-mail: yakov@juniper.net Sangli, Tappan, Rekhter [Page 14]