Internet Engineering Task Force                    Ken Carlberg
INTERNET DRAFT                                     UCL
April 28, 2003                                     Ran Atkinson
                                                   Extreme Networks


                     IP Telephony Requirements for
                  Emergency Telecommunication Service
                <draft-ietf-ieprep-ets-telephony-04.txt>


Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 [1].

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other
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   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
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   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
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   For potential updates to the above required-text see:
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-guidelines.txt

Abstract

   This document presents a list of requirements in support of Emergency
   Telecommunications Service (ETS) within the context of IP telephony.
   It is an extension to the general requirements presented in [2].
   Solutions to these requirements are not presented in this document.


1.  Introduction

   Effective telecommunications capabilities can be imperative to
   facilitate immediate recovery operations for serious disaster events,
   such as, hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks.
   Disasters can happen any time, any place, unexpectedly. Quick
   response for recovery operations requires immediate access to any
   public telecommunications capabilities at hand.  These capabilities
   include:  conventional telephone, cellular phones, and Internet
   access via online terminals, IP telephones, and wireless Personal



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   Digital Assistants (PDAs).  The commercial telecommunications
   infrastructure is rapidly evolving to Internet-based technology.
   Therefore, the Internet community needs to consider how it can best
   support emergency management and recovery operations.

1.1  Problem

   Standards have been developed by other standards bodies concerning
   emergency communications.  As discussed in [2], some of these
   standards, such as T1.631 [4], define specific indicators or labels
   for emergency communications in Signaling System 7 (SS7) networks.
   Certain requirements must be defined in order to achieve peering
   across hybrid networks (networks that communicate between IP and
   other types of networks such as that realized by the Public Switched
   Telephone Network) in order to achieve an interworking of services.

2. Scope

   [2] has defined a set of general system requirements to support
   Emergency Telecommunications Service (ETS).  This document defines an
   additional set of system requirements to achieve support for ETS
   within the specific context of IP telephony (note that this document
   views IP telephony within the context of an end-to-end application
   layer service).  Solutions to requirements are not defined.  The
   document does not specify protocol enhancements or specifications.

   Note that [3], Requirements for Resource Priority Mechanisms for the
   Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), is an RFC that shares some overlap
   with this document.  However, [3] only applies to SIP and is not
   meant to be applied to a more general perspective of IP telephony as
   it relates to ETS.

2.1  Out of Scope

   An item that is not in scope of this document is mandating acceptance
   and support of the requirements presented in this document.  The IETF
   does not mandate requirements or capabilities to independent networks
   that comprise the Internet.  As an example, Internet Service
   Providers (ISP) may choose not to operate any telephony-related
   gateways or services.  The IETF cannot and does not mandate that an
   ISP deploy either telephony-related gateways or telephony-related
   services.  There is an expectation that business contracts, for
   example Service Level Agreements (SLA), will be used to satisfy those
   following requirements that apply to service providers.  Absence of
   an SLA implies best effort service is provided.

   It is assumed that some ISPs will choose to offer ETS services and
   that other carriers will choose not to offer ETS services.  These



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   requirements do not apply to ISPs that have chosen not to offer ETS
   services.

3. IP Telephony Requirements

   The requirements in this section relate only to Telephony Signaling
   as used in Internet-based telephony services.  They are an extension
   to the general requirements specified in [2].  The following
   requirements explicitly do not relate to IP-layer mechanisms, such as
   Differentiated Services or Integrated Services.

     1) Telephony signaling applications used with Internet-based
     telephony MUST be able to carry labels.

     2) The ability to carry labels MUST be extensible to support
     various types and numbers of labels.  A single binary value will
     not be sufficient given the various labeling standards in existence
     today.

     3) Telephony signaling labels SHOULD have a mapping with the
     various emergency related labels/markings used in other telephony
     based networks, such as the Public Switched Telephone Network
     (PSTN).  This ensures that a telephone call placed over a hybrid
     infrastructure (traditional PSTN over some portion(s) of the path,
     Internet telephony over some other portion(s) of the path) can
     carry the labels end-to-end with appropriate translation at
     PSTN/Internet boundaries.  Absence of a mapping means that the
     signaling reverts to a default service (presumably one attributed
     to the general public).

     4) Application layer IP telephony capabilities MUST NOT preclude
     the ability to do application layer accounting.

     5) With respect to application layer signaling, application layer
     mechanisms specifically targeted to recognize ETS type labels MUST
     be ABLE to support "best available" service (this will probably
     be realized as better than best effort).  This support SHOULD
     focus on probability of forwarding packets used for call
     completion.  Probability MAY reach 100% depending on the local
     policy associated with the label.  Local policy MUST also be used
     to determine IF better than best effort is to be applied to a
     specific label (or related set of labels).

     The above paragraph MUST be taken in its entirety.  The ability to
     support best available service does not mean that the application
     layer mechanism is expected to be activated.  Further, we do not
     define the means by which best available service is or should be
     realized.  Application layer mechanisms that do not recognize ETS



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     type labels are not subject to this requirement.


4.  Issues

   This section presents issues that arise in considering solutions for
   the telephony requirements that have been defined for ETS.  This
   section does not specify solutions nor is it to be confused with
   requirements.  Subsequent documents that articulate a more specific
   set of requirements for a particular service may make a statement
   about the following issues.

     1) Alternate paths

       Experience with The Government Emergency Telecommunications
       Service (GETS) over the PSTN has shown the utility of
       alternate paths to a destination to help facilitate
       emergency-related communications.  From the perspective of the
       Internet, this utility may be difficult to achieve and have a
       more limited benefit.  Unlike the PSTN, which creates a fixed
       path during call setup phase, the Internet uses dynamic routing
       for IP packets.  This dynamic routing capability automatically
       causes IP packets to travel the best current path. The Internet
       network infrastructure does not have the concept of a "call" or
       the concept of "call setup", though IP telephony applications
       might have application layer awareness of calls or the call
       setup concept.




5. Security

   Only authorized users or operators SHOULD be able to create non-
   ordinary Labels (i.e., labels that may alter the default best effort
   service.  Labels SHOULD be associated with mechanisms to provide
   strong end-to-end integrity during their transmission through the
   telephony systems.  Finally, in cases where labels are expected to be
   acted upon by operators, these operators SHOULD have the capability
   of authenticating the label on a received message or transmission in
   order to prevent theft of service and reduce risk of denial of
   service (e.g. by unauthorized users consuming any limited resources).

   Security is also discussed in the general requirements of [2], which
   applies to section 3 above.


6. References



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   1  Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP
      9, RFC 2026, October 1996.

   2  Carlberg, K., Atkinson, R., "General System Requirements for
      Emergency Telecommunications Service", Internet Draft,
      Work In Progress, September, 2002

   3  Schulzrinne, H., "Requirements for Resource Priority Mechanisms
      for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3487, February,
      2003.

   4  ANSI, "Signaling System No. 7(SS7): High Probability of
      Completion (HPC) Network Capability", ANSI T1.631, 1993.






7.  Author's Addresses

Ken Carlberg                            Ran Atkinson
University College London               Extreme Networks
Department of Computer Science          3585 Monroe Street
Gower Street                            Santa Clara, CA
London, WC1E 6BT                        95051  USA
United Kingdom
k.carlberg@cs.ucl.ac.uk                 rja@extremenetworks.com

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