IP Security Protocol Working Group (IPSEC) T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo
INTERNET-DRAFT SSH Communications Security
draft-ietf-ipsec-ike-modp-groups-00.txt 12 October 2000
Expires: 12 April 2001
More MODP Diffie-Hellman groups for IKE
Status of This memo
This document is a submission to the IETF IP Security Protocol
(IPSEC) Working Group. Comments are solicited and should be
addressed to the working group mailing list (ipsec@lists.tislabs.com)
or to the editor.
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance
with all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as
Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-
Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as
"work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
Abstract
This document defines new MODP groups for the IKE [RFC-2409] protocol.
It documents the well know and used 1536 bit group 5, and also defines
new 2048, 3072, and 4096 bit Diffie-Hellman groups. The groups are gen-
erated using the guidelines defined in the [RFC-2412].
T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo [page 1]
INTERNET-DRAFT 12 October 2000
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Specification of Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. 1536-bit MODP Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. 2048-bit MODP Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
5. 3072-bit MODP Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
6. 4096-bit MODP Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
9. Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. Introduction
Current Diffie-Hellman groups defined in the IKE [RFC-2409] have only
strength that matches strength of symmetric key of 70-80 bits. The new
AES cipher needs stronger groups. For the 128-bit AES we need about
2000-bit group. The 192 and 256-bit keys would need groups that are
about 9000 and 15000-bits respectively. In the current hardware
generating such groups and using them is still too slow, thus this
document only provides groups for 128-bit AES.
2. Specification of Requirements
This document shall use the keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED, "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" to describe requirements. They are to be interpreted as
described in [RFC-2119] document.
3. 1536-bit MODP Group
The 1536 bit MODP group has been used for the implementations for quite
a long time, but it has not been documented in the current RFCs or
drafts. This group has already been used as having group id 5.
The prime is: 2^1536 - 2^1472 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^1406 pi] + 741804 }
Its hexadecimal value is
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED
EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D
C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F
83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D
670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA237327 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
The generator is: 2.
4. 2048-bit MODP Group
T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo [page 2]
INTERNET-DRAFT 12 October 2000
This group is assigned id XX.
This prime is: 2^2048 - 2^1984 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^1918 pi] + 124476 }
Its hexadecimal value is
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED
EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D
C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F
83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D
670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B
E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9
DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510
15728E5A 8AACAA68 FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
The generator is: 2.
5. 3072-bit MODP Group
This group is assigned id XX + 1.
This prime is: 2^3072 - 2^3008 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^2942 pi] + 1690314 }
Its hexadecimal value is
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED
EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D
C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F
83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D
670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B
E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9
DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510
15728E5A 8AAAC42D AD33170D 04507A33 A85521AB DF1CBA64
ECFB8504 58DBEF0A 8AEA7157 5D060C7D B3970F85 A6E1E4C7
ABF5AE8C DB0933D7 1E8C94E0 4A25619D CEE3D226 1AD2EE6B
F12FFA06 D98A0864 D8760273 3EC86A64 521F2B18 177B200C
BBE11757 7A615D6C 770988C0 BAD946E2 08E24FA0 74E5AB31
43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A93AD2CA FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
The generator is: 2.
6. 4096-bit MODP Group
This group is assigned id XX + 2.
This prime is: 2^4096 - 2^4032 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^3966 pi] + 240904 }
Its hexadecimal value is
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1
T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo [page 3]
INTERNET-DRAFT 12 October 2000
29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD
EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245
E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED
EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D
C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F
83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D
670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B
E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9
DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510
15728E5A 8AAAC42D AD33170D 04507A33 A85521AB DF1CBA64
ECFB8504 58DBEF0A 8AEA7157 5D060C7D B3970F85 A6E1E4C7
ABF5AE8C DB0933D7 1E8C94E0 4A25619D CEE3D226 1AD2EE6B
F12FFA06 D98A0864 D8760273 3EC86A64 521F2B18 177B200C
BBE11757 7A615D6C 770988C0 BAD946E2 08E24FA0 74E5AB31
43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A9210801 1A723C12 A787E6D7
88719A10 BDBA5B26 99C32718 6AF4E23C 1A946834 B6150BDA
2583E9CA 2AD44CE8 DBBBC2DB 04DE8EF9 2E8EFC14 1FBECAA6
287C5947 4E6BC05D 99B2964F A090C3A2 233BA186 515BE7ED
1F612970 CEE2D7AF B81BDD76 2170481C D0069127 D5B05AA9
93B4EA98 8D8FDDC1 86FFB7DC 90A6C08F 4DF435C9 34063199
FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF
The generator is: 2.
7. Security Considerations
This document describes new stronger groups to be used in the IKE. The
strength of the 1536-bit group is about 90 bits.
ECPP certificate for 1536-bit group can be found from the
http://people.ssh.fi/mkojo/ikeprime-1536-certificate.txt.
ECPP certificate for 2048-bit group can be found from the
http://people.ssh.fi/mkojo/ikeprime-2048-certificate.txt.
ECPP certificate for 3072-bit group can be found from the
http://people.ssh.fi/mkojo/ikeprime-3072-certificate.txt.
ECPP certificate for 4096-bit group can be found from the
http://people.ssh.fi/mkojo/ikeprime-4096-certificate.txt.
8. References
[RFC-2412] Orman H., "The OAKLEY Key Determination Protocol", November
1998.
[RFC-2409] Harkins D., Carrel D., "The Internet Key Exchange (IKE)",
November 1998
[RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to indicate
Requirement Levels", March 1997
T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo [page 4]
INTERNET-DRAFT 12 October 2000
9. Authors' Addresses
Tero Kivinen
SSH Communications Security Ltd.
Tekniikantie 12
FIN-02150 ESPOO
Finland
E-mail: kivinen@ssh.fi
Mika Kojo
SSH Communications Security Ltd.
Tekniikantie 12
FIN-02150 ESPOO
Finland
E-mail: mkojo@ssh.com
T. Kivinen, and M. Kojo [page 5]
