IPSEC Working Group                         Scott Kelly, RedCreek
INTERNET-DRAFT                              Tero Kivinen, SSH
draft-ietf-ipsec-notifymsg-02.txt           October, 1999


            Content Requirements for ISAKMP Notify Messages


Status of This Memo

   This document is an Internet Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of [RFC2026]. Internet Drafts are
   working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its
   areas, and working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

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   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   Comments on this document should be sent to the IETF IPsec WG
   discussion list (ipsec@lists.tislabs.com).


Abstract

   The ISAKMP and DOI RFCs [RFC2408, RFC2407] specify error and status
   message types for use in ISAKMP NOTIFY messages, but in some cases do
   not specify that any additional clarifying data be carried in the
   messages. In these cases, it is difficult to determine which SA
   corresponds to the received NOTIFY message. While the DOI RFC
   specifies content and formats for additional data in the currently
   defined IPSEC status messages, no such requirements are currently
   specified for ISAKMP NOTIFY messages. This document provides content
   and format recommendations for those messages.









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Table of Contents

   1. Overview .............................................  3
     1.1  Requirements Terminology .........................  3
     1.2  Reader Prerequisites .............................  4
     1.3  Document Organization ............................  4
   2. General Formatting Considerations ....................  4
   3. ISAKMP NOTIFY Error Messages .........................  7
     3.1  INVALID-PAYLOAD-TYPE .............................  7
     3.2  DOI-NOT-SUPPORTED ................................  8
     3.3  SITUATION-NOT-SUPPORTED ..........................  8
     3.4  INVALID-COOKIE ...................................  9
     3.5  INVALID-MAJOR-VERSION ............................  9
     3.6  INVALID-MINOR-VERSION ............................  10
     3.7  INVALID-EXCHANGE-TYPE ............................  10
     3.8  INVALID-FLAGS ....................................  11
     3.9  INVALID-MESSAGE-ID ...............................  11
     3.10 INVALID-PROTOCOL-ID ..............................  12
     3.11 INVALID-SPI ......................................  12
     3.12 INVALID-TRANSFORM-ID .............................  13
     3.13 ATTRIBUTES-NOT-SUPPORTED .........................  13
     3.14 NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN ...............................  14
     3.15 BAD-PROPOSAL-SYNTAX ..............................  14
     3.16 PAYLOAD-MALFORMED ................................  15
     3.17 INVALID-KEY-INFORMATION ..........................  16
     3.18 INVALID-ID-INFORMATION ...........................  16
     3.19 INVALID-CERT-ENCODING ............................  17
     3.20 INVALID-CERTIFICATE ..............................  17
     3.21 CERT-TYPE-UNSUPPORTED ............................  18
     3.22 INVALID-CERT-AUTHORITY ...........................  18
     3.23 INVALID-HASH-INFORMATION .........................  19
     3.24 AUTHENTICATION-FAILED ............................  19
     3.25 INVALID-SIGNATURE ................................  20
     3.26 ADDRESS-NOTIFICATION .............................  20
     3.27 NOTIFY-SA-LIFETIME ...............................  21
     3.28 CERTIFICATE-UNAVAILABLE ..........................  22
     3.29 UNSUPPORTED-EXCHANGE-TYPE ........................  22
     3.30 UNEQUAL-PAYLOAD-LENGTHS ..........................  22
   4. ISAKMP Notify Status messages ......................... 23
     4.1  CONNECTED ........................................  23
   4. Security Considerations ..............................  24
   5. Editors' Addresses ...................................  24
   References ..............................................  25
   Full Copyright Statement ................................  25







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1. Overview

   The ISAKMP and DOI RFCs [RFC2408, RFC2407] specify error and status
   message types for use in ISAKMP NOTIFY messages, but in some cases do
   not specify that any additional clarifying data be carried in the
   messages. In many cases, it is difficult to determine which SA
   corresponds to the received NOTIFY message. Such determination requires
   that additional information be placed in the notification data
   section of the NOTIFY payload. While the DOI RFC specifies content
   and formats for additional data in the currently defined IPSEC status
   messages, no content or formatting requirements are currently
   specified for ISAKMP NOTIFY messages.

   Many of the ISAKMP NOTIFY messages may apply to either phase 1 or
   phase 2 negotiations. In some cases, the context of the  message
   makes clear what transaction it refers to, e.g. if the NOTIFY message
   pertains to the ISAKMP (phase 1) SA upon which it is received.
   However, there are cases in which ambiguities may arise. For example,
   there may be multiple phase 2 SAs negotiated using a single phase 1
   SA, and these may be simultaneously under negotiation. A NOTIFY
   message received via the parent phase 1 SA may apply to any of the
   phase 2 SAs, but the receiver may not be able to determine which.

   In order to be truly useful, NOTIFY messages must, at minimum, allow
   the receiver to determine which transaction the message corresponds
   to. As indicated above, in some cases this information may be
   entirely derived from information contained in the ISAKMP header
   (cookies and message ID). However, in many cases, and in particular
   with respect to phase 2 negotiations, the correct context cannot be
   ascertained without additional information. In some of those cases,
   the relevant information may be carried in the predefined notify
   payload fields. In others, this is not enough, and in such cases
   additional information may be carried in the notify payload data
   field.

   In addition to the need to determine which SA a NOTIFY message
   corresponds to, it would also be useful to know more precisely what
   problem was encountered. For example, an INVALID-PAYLOAD message
   would be far more useful if one could determine exactly which payload
   was at issue. Such additional data would be very useful when
   diagnosing error conditions, and also would provide useful
   information for auditing purposes. This document provides content and
   format recommendations for ISAKMP NOTIFY messages which are aimed at
   providing the additional granularity required to make these messages
   truly useful.

1.1 Requirements Terminology




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   The keywords MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD,
   SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL, when they appear in this
   document, are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

1.2 Reader Prerequisites

   [RFC2407], [RFC2408], and [RFC2409] are prerequisites to
   understanding the material presented here. While not strictly
   necessary, reader familiarity with [RFC2401], [RFC2402], [RFC2406],
   and with general IP security concepts will further facilitate
   understanding.

1.3 Document Organization

   In the following section is a discussion of general format
   considerations for all notify messages. Following that, the NOTIFY
   messages are presented in 2 sections: ISAKMP error messages, and
   ISAKMP status messages. It is possible that a later revision of this
   document will address IPSEC error/status messages, but some of those
   NOTIFY message types are currently addressed in [RFC2407].

   Within each section, messages are detailed in individual subsections.
   Following the example of [RFC2407], each message payload is detailed
   field-by-field.  Where appropriate, additional information regarding
   the circumstances under which each message arises, along with
   relative payload variations under those circumstances, is included.

2. General Formatting Considerations

   The ISAKMP notify payload contains a number of fields meant to convey
   contextual information regarding the event precipitating the message.
   Following is an enumeration of the notify payload fields:

     (payload type/length fields omitted)

     o  Domain of Interpretation (4 octets) - Identifies the DOI
        under which this notification is taking place.

     o  Protocol-Id (1 octet) - Specifies the protocol identifier
        for the current notification.  Examples might include ISAKMP,
        IPSEC ESP, IPSEC AH, OSPF, TLS, etc.

     o  SPI Size (1 octet) - Length in octets of the SPI as defined by
        the Protocol-Id.

     o  Notify Message Type (2 octets) - Specifies the type of
        notification message.




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     o  SPI (variable length) - Security Parameter Index.  The
        receiving entity's SPI. The length of this field is
        determined by the SPI Size field.

     o  Notification Data (variable length) - Informational or error
        data transmitted in addition to the Notify Message Type.


   In many cases, the information contained in the notify payload is
   insufficient to fully identify the session or transaction for which
   the error(s) occurred, and in these cases the Notification Data field
   MAY be used to convey additional information. In order to provide for
   uniform processing of the notification data field, class attributes
   are defined below for ISAKMP NOTIFY messages, and notification data
   MUST be encoded using these attributes.

   Attribute encoding is discussed in [RFC2408], and that discussion is
   not repeated here, except for the following notes. Attribute encoding
   types are either Basic (B) or Variable-length (V). Encoding of these
   attributes is defined in the [RFC2408] as Type/Value (Basic) and
   Type/Length/Value (Variable-length). Attributes described as Basic
   MUST NOT be encoded as Variable. Variable attributes MAY be encoded
   as basic attributes if their value can fit into two octets.

   Attribute Classes

                                                     Encoding
         Type Description                Value         Type
      --------------------------------------------------------
       Type of Offending Payload            1           B
       Offending Payload Data               2           V
       Error Position Offset                3           B
       Error Text Describing
          the Problem                       4           V
       Error Text Language                  5           V
       Message Id of the Offending
          Negotiation                       6           V
       Exchange Type of Negotiation         7           B
       Invalid Flag Bits                    8           B
       Suggested Proposal                   9           V
       Notification Attribute Version      10           B
      -------------------------------------------------------

     Values 11-16383 are reserved to IANA. Values 16384-32767
     are for private use among mutually consenting parties.

   Attribute Type Descriptions




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     Type of Offending Payload
        Payload type of the offending payload encoded as a 16
        bit integer.

     Offending Payload Data
        Offending payload data including the generic header. Note
        that next payload type in the notify payload itself points
        to the next payload beyond the notification data. Likewise,
        the next payload type in the offending payload contains
        the value placed there by the original sender, and does
        not reference any payloads within the notify message.

     Error Position Offset
        Byte offset of the error position from the beginning of the
        offending payload. Presence of this attribute implies the
        presence of the offending payload data attribute. That is,
        when this attribute is present, there MUST also be a
        corresponding offending payload attribute.

     Error Text Describing the Problem
        Text describing the problem. (ISO-10646 UTF-8 encoding).

     Error Text Language
        Error text language tag (as defined in RFC 1766). When this
        attribute is present, there MUST also be a corresponding
        error text attribute.

     Message Id of the Offending Negotiation
        Message id of the offending negotiation encoded has 4 byte
        value.

     Exchange Type of Negotiation
        Exchange type of the offending negotiation. Encoded as 16
        bit integer.

     Invalid Flag Bits
        Invalid flags (valid flags are masked out) Encoded as 16
        bit integer.

     Suggested Proposal
        Optional proposal suggestion to be used in case of failed
        negotiation due to policy mismatch.

     Notification Attribute Version
        Indicates the version of this document from which encodings
        were derived. MUST be the first attribute in the notification
        data if notification data is included, and MUST contain the
        value 0x0001. Because this attribute is always first, it can



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        be used as a magic cookie, i.e. if the notification data
        begins with bytes 0x80, 0x0A, 0x00, 0x01, then it most likely
        follows the formatting guidelines described in this document.


   Note that implementations may not recognize some or all of these
   attributes, and in some cases, inclusion of some attributes within
   specific notify messages will be optional. In such cases,
   implementations MUST ignore unrecognized attributes.


3. ISAKMP NOTIFY Error Messages

   This section contains NOTIFY error messages which are usually
   specific to ISAKMP (phase 1) Security Associations (SAs). Some of
   these messages may also apply to the negotiation of IPSec (phase 2)
   SAs. In such cases, provision is made for use of the appropriate SPI
   (and other) values.  These NOTIFY message types are defined in
   [RFC2408].

3.1 INVALID-PAYLOAD-TYPE

   The INVALID-PAYLOAD-TYPE error message may be used to communicate
   that an unrecognized or invalid payload type was received.

   Phase:            1 or 2

   Differentiators:  Cookies vs SPI,
                     Subject payload (and/or type)
                     Message ID

   Payloads:         All

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data (var)
     o  DOI - set to the current DOI if available, or set to zero (0)
        to indicate ISAKMP DOI.
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA
        if available; set to zero (0) to indicate ISAKMP SA.
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-PAYLOAD-TYPE
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed
        negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the type of the offending
        payload, and MAY contain the offending payload, the message ID
        associated with the payload, and error text describing the



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        problem.

3.2 DOI-NOT-SUPPORTED

   The DOI-NOT-SUPPORTED error message may be used to communicate that
   an unrecognized or unsupported DOI value was received.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiators:  Cookies vs SPI, Protocol ID,
                     subject DOI, message ID
   Payloads:         SA

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to DOI-NOT-SUPPORTED
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed
        negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending payload
        and the message ID associated with the payload. It MAY also
        contain the error position offset, and error text describing
        the problem.


3.3 SITUATION-NOT-SUPPORTED

   The SITUATION-NOT-SUPPORTED error message may be used to communicate
   that an unrecognized or unsupported situation value was received.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies vs SPI, Protocol ID,
                     offending payload, message ID
   Payloads:         SA

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to ISAKMP DOI
     o  Protocol ID - set to zero (0)
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to SITUATION-NOT-SUPPORTED
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed
        negotiation.



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     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending payload
        and the message ID associated with the payload. It MAY also
        contain the error position offset, and error text describing
        the problem.


3.4 INVALID-COOKIE

   The INVALID-COOKIE error message may be used to communicate that an
   invalid ISAKMP cookie was received. Invalid cookies are those cookies
   for which there is no matching SA. This message applies to a few
   different situations:

     o one of the cookies in the pair is not valid
     o neither of the cookies in the pair are valid

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID
                     invalid cookie(s) in SPI field
   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-COOKIE
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation, and MAY contain error text describing
        the problem.


3.5 INVALID-MAJOR-VERSION

   The INVALID-MAJOR-VERSION error message may be used to communicate
   that this portion of the ISAKMP version is invalid or unsupported.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID
                     invalid version
   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:




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     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-MAJOR-VERSION
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation, and MAY contain error text describing
        the problem.


3.6 INVALID-MINOR-VERSION

   The INVALID-MINOR-VERSION error message may be used to communicate
   that this portion of the ISAKMP version is invalid or unsupported.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID,
                     invalid version
   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-MINOR-VERSION
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation, and MAY contain error text describing
        the problem.



3.7 INVALID-EXCHANGE-TYPE

   The INVALID-EXCHANGE-TYPE error message may be used to communicate
   that that an unrecognized or invalid ISAKMP exchange type was
   received.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID
                     invalid exchange type in notify data
   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following



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   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-EXCHANGE-TYPE
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation and the invalid exchange type, and MAY
        contain error text describing the problem.


3.8 INVALID-FLAGS

   The INVALID-FLAGS error message may be used to communicate that one
   or more of the received ISAKMP header flags were unrecognized or
   invalid. Cases where flags are invalid include the following:

     o The encryption bit is unset/set when it should/shouldn't be
     o The commit bit is unset/set when it should/shouldn't be
     o The auth-only bit is unset/set when it should/shouldn't be

     Phase:            1 or 2
     Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID
                       invalid flags
     Payloads:         ISAKMP header

     When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
     format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-FLAGS
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - contains the flags octet with only
        the unknown/invalid flags bits set (valid bits masked off)


3.9 INVALID-MESSAGE-ID

   The INVALID-MESSAGE-ID error message may be used to communicate that
   the message ID in the received message is unrecognized or invalid.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID



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   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0 (ISAKMP DOI)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-MESSAGE-ID
     o  SPI - set to the ISAKMP cookies for the failed negotiation.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation, and MAY contain error text describing
        the problem.


3.10 INVALID-PROTOCOL-ID

   The INVALID-PROTOCOL-ID error message may be used to communicate that
   an invalid or unsupported protocol ID was received as part of a
   proposal payload.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   message ID, proposal payload
   Payloads:         Proposal

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-PROTOCOL-ID
     o  SPI - empty
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending SA payload,
        error offset position, and the message ID from the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.11 INVALID-SPI

   The INVALID-SPI error message may be used to communicate that an
   invalid SPI was received as part of a proposal payload.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, offending payload
   Payloads:         Proposal



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   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-SPI
     o  SPI - set to empty
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending SA payload,
        error offset position, and the message ID from the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.

3.12 INVALID-TRANSFORM-ID

   The INVALID-TRANSFORM-ID error message may be used to communicate
   that an invalid or unrecognized (unimplemented?) transform was
   received as part of a proposal.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI
   Payloads:         Transform

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-TRANSFORM-ID
     o  SPI - empty
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending SA payload,
        error offset position, and the message ID from the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.13 ATTRIBUTES-NOT-SUPPORTED

   The ATTRIBUTES-NOT-SUPPORTED error message may be used to communicate
   that unrecognized or unsupported attributes were received as part of
   a proposal.  Currently, this message may result from one of the
   following events:

     o  unacceptable group in IKE new-group-mode negotiation
     o  conflicting lifetime attributes are detected
     o  invalid or unsupported SA attributes are received




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   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, attributes
   Payloads:         SA

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from subject SA
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or four (4)(one IPSEC SPI)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to ATTRIBUTES-NOT-SUPPORTED
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the target entity's IPSec SPI;
        if present, the SPI MUST be from the same proposal payload
        contains the offending transform.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending SA payload,
        error offset position, and the message ID from the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.14 NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN

   The NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN error message may be used to communicate that
   none of the received proposals are acceptable to the responder.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID
   Payloads:         SA

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:
     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data (4)
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from subject SA
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to NO-PROPOSAL-CHOSEN
     o  SPI - set to ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation, and MAY contain error text describing
        the problem. MAY also contain a proposal suggestion.


3.15 BAD-PROPOSAL-SYNTAX

   The BAD-PROPOSAL-SYNTAX error message may be used to communicate that
   a received proposal is improperly formed. This message may be
   precipitated by the following events (among others):




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     o a reserved field in a proposal payload does not
       contain zero (0)
     o a reserved field in a transform payload does not
       contain zero (0)
     o responder returns SA payload containing multiple proposals
     o responder returns multiple (or no) transforms
     o initiator attempts to negotiate multiple quick mode SAs
       but responder only answers to one of them.


   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, proposal/transform payload
   Payloads:           Generic Payload Header, Proposal, Transform

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to BAD-PROPOSAL-SYNTAX
     o  SPI - empty or ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending SA payload,
        error offset position, and the message ID from the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.

    [Note: There's an ambiguity here due to overloading this error
      type. It  would be resolved by adding a BAD-TRANSFORM-SYNTAX
      error, and only using  this one for proposals. Alternatively,
      we could add an identifier to  this message to distinguish
      between the two cases]

3.16 PAYLOAD-MALFORMED

   The PAYLOAD-MALFORMED error message may be used to communicate that a
   malformed payload was received. This includes proposals, transforms,
   or attributes that are syntactically incorrect.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID,  malformed payload
   Payloads:         Generic Payload Header, Proposal, Transform

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to ISAKMP DOI (0)



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     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from subject SA if
        available, else set to protocol PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0), two (2), four (4) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to PAYLOAD-MALFORMED
     o  SPI - If protocol ID is PROTO_ISAKMP, contains the cookies;
        otherwise, contains SPI associated with Protocol ID if
        applicable, or nothing.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the type of the offending
        payload, the payload data, the error position offset, and the
        message ID of the offending negotiation. It MAY contain error
        text describing the problem.


   [Note: This overlaps with BAD-PROPOSAL-SYNTAX...]


3.17 INVALID-KEY-INFORMATION

   The INVALID-KEY-INFORMATION error message may be used to communicate
   that the key exchange payload is not the correct size.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID,  KE payload
   Payloads:         Key Exchange

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to ISAKMP DOI (0)
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from subject SA if
        available, else set to protocol PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0), two (2), four (4) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-KEY-INFORMATION
     o  SPI - If protocol ID is PROTO_ISAKMP, contains the cookies;
        otherwise, contains SPI associated with Protocol ID if
        applicable, or nothing.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending payload, the
        error position offset, and the message ID of the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.18 INVALID-ID-INFORMATION

   The INVALID-ID-INFORMATION error message may be used to communicate
   that the identification type of the ID payload is not supported.

   Phase:            1 or 2



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   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, ID payload
   Payloads:         ID

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from subject SA if
        phase 2, else set to protocol PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0), two (2), four (4) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-ID-INFORMATION
     o  SPI - If protocol ID is PROTO_ISAKMP, contains the cookies;
        otherwise, contains SPI associated with Protocol ID if
        applicable, or nothing.
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending payload, the
        error position offset, and the message ID of the offending
        negotiation. It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.19 INVALID-CERT-ENCODING

   The INVALID-CERT-ENCODING error message may be used to communicate
   that the encoding of a received certificate payload is not valid.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, CERT payload
   Payloads:         Certificate, Certificate Request

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-CERT-ENCODING
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending certificate
        payload, error position offset, and Message ID. It MAY contain
        error text describing the problem.


3.20 INVALID-CERTIFICATE

   The INVALID-CERTIFICATE error message may be used to communicate that
   the data in a certificate payload is invalid or improperly formatted.




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   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, CERT payload
   Payloads:         Certificate

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-CERTIFICATE
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending certificate
        payload, error position offset, and Message ID. It MAY contain
        error text describing the problem.


3.21 CERT-TYPE-UNSUPPORTED

   The CERT-TYPE-UNSUPPORTED error message may be used to communicate
   that the encoding of a received certificate payload is not supported.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, CERT payload
   Payloads:         Certificate Request

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to CERT-TYPE-UNSUPPORTED
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending certificate
        request payload, error position offset, and Message ID. It
        MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.22 INVALID-CERT-AUTHORITY

   The INVALID-CERT-AUTHORITY error message may be used to communicate
   that the Certificate Authority in a certificate request payload is
   invalid or improperly formatted.

   Phase:            1



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   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, CERT-REQ payload
   Payloads:         Certificate Request

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-CERT-AUTHORITY
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending certificate
        request payload, error position offset, and Message ID. It
        MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.23 INVALID-HASH-INFORMATION

   The INVALID-HASH-INFORMATION error message may be used to communicate
   that that the hash size is incorrect.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, hash payload
   Payloads:         Hash

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA or
        PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0), four (4), or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-HASH-INFORMATION
     o  SPI - set to empty, the target entity's IPSec SPI, or the
        ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending hash payload
        error position offset, and Message ID. It MAY contain error
        text describing the problem.


3.24 AUTHENTICATION-FAILED

   The AUTHENTICATION-FAILED error message may be used to communicate
   that that the authentication operation (hash) produced an incorrect
   result.




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   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI
   Payloads:         Hash, Signature

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA or
        PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0), four (4), or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to AUTHENTICATION-FAILED
     o  SPI - set to empty, the target entity's IPSec SPI, or the
        ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the Message ID of the
        offending payload. It MAY contain error text describing the
        problem.


3.25 INVALID-SIGNATURE

   The INVALID-SIGNATURE error message may be used to communicate that
   the signature is the wrong size.

   NOTE: If signature verification fails, AUTHENTICATION-FAILED is sent.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI
   Payloads:         Signature

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:
     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA or
        PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0), four (4), or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to INVALID-SIGNATURE
     o  SPI - set to empty, the target entity's IPSec SPI, or the
        ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending Message ID.
        It MAY contain error text describing the problem.


3.26 ADDRESS-NOTIFICATION

   The ADDRESS-NOTIFICATION error message may be used to communicate



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   that an invalid address was received in the ID payload.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, address info?
   Payloads:         ID

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA or
        PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to either zero (0), four (4), or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to ADDRESS-NOTIFICATION
     o  SPI - set to empty, the target entity's IPSec SPI, or the
        ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the offending ID payload and
        the associated message ID. It MAY contain error text describing
        the problem.



3.27 NOTIFY-SA-LIFETIME

   The NOTIFY-SA-LIFETIME message may be used to communicate that a
   lifetime which is shorter than the one requested will be enforced.

   Phase:            1
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID,
   Payloads:         Transform

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to selected Protocol ID from chosen SA
     o  SPI Size - set to four (4) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to NOTIFY-SA-LIFETIME
     o  SPI - set to the target entity's IPSec SPI, or the
        ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - contains an ISAKMP attribute list with the
        responder's actual SA lifetime

     WARNING: the attribute classes for the ISAKMP attribute list are
     defined in the ISAKMP DOI document (RFC2407). This message type is
     included here for completeness.



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3.28 CERTIFICATE-UNAVAILABLE

   The CERTIFICATE-UNAVAILABLE error message may be used to communicate
   that the requested certificate is unavailable.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, CERT-REQ payload
   Payloads:         Certificate Request

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to CERTIFICATE-UNAVAILABLE
     o  SPI - set to empty or to the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the subject certificate
        request payload and the associated message ID. MAY contain
        error text describing the problem.


3.29 UNSUPPORTED-EXCHANGE-TYPE

   The UNSUPPORTED-EXCHANGE-TYPE error message may be used to
   communicate that the requested exchange type is not supported.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI, exchange type
   Payloads:         ISAKMP header

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to 0
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP
     o  SPI Size - set to sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to UNSUPPORTED-EXCHANGE-TYPE
     o  SPI - set to ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the message ID of the
        offending negotiation and the offending exchange type. MAY
        contain error text describing the problem.


3.30 UNEQUAL-PAYLOAD-LENGTHS




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   The UNEQUAL-PAYLOAD-LENGTHS error message may be used to communicate
   that the message length in the ISAKMP header does not match the sum
   of the actual payload lengths. It may also be used when data
   attributes overflow their encapsulating payload boundaries.

   Phase:            1 or 2
   Differentiator:   Cookies, message ID, SPI

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet or zero (0)
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP or selected Protocol ID
        from chosen SA
     o  SPI Size - set to four (4) or (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to UNEQUAL-PAYLOAD-LENGTHS
     o  SPI - set to the target entity's IPSec SPI or the ISAKMP cookies
     o  Notification Data - SHOULD contain the type of the offending
        payload. It MAY contain the offending payload, the associated
        message ID, the error position offset, and error text describing
        the problem.


4. ISAKMP Notify Status messages

   This section contains NOTIFY status messages which are specific to
   ISAKMP, or phase 1 Security Associations (SAs). These NOTIFY message
   types are defined in [RFC2408].


4.1 CONNECTED

   The CONNECTED status message may be used to communicate that the
   IPSEC protocol (phase 2) SA has been established.

   When present, the Notification Payload MUST have the following
   format:

     o  Payload Length - set to length of payload + size of data
     o  DOI - set to DOI of received packet
     o  Protocol ID - set to PROTO_ISAKMP or selected Protocol ID
        from chosen SA
     o  SPI Size - set to zero (0), four (4) or sixteen (16)
     o  Notify Message Type - set to CONNECTED
     o  SPI - set to the selected SPI
     o  Notification Data - empty




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4. Security Considerations

   In general, accepting unauthenticated NOTIFY messages renders an
   implementation susceptible to numerous attacks, both passive and
   active. In such cases, there is no assurance whatsoever that these
   messages are not being sent by an attacker intent upon mounting a
   simple denial of service attack, or perhaps a more sophisticated
   attack. Hence, applications MUST NOT rely upon information provided
   by such unprotected exchanges.

   Furthermore, the inclusion of variable notification payloads within
   unprotected messages presents a significant denial of service
   opportunity to a hostile adversary. Thus, implementations which
   choose to inspect unprotected notification data are well advised to
   limit the amount of processing expended upon such packets.

   In cases where received payloads are copied into notification data,
   if the original payload was encrypted, the resulting notify message
   MUST be encrypted with at least the same level of protection that the
   original payload had. Otherwise, numerous attacks are possible.

5. Editors' Addresses

   Scott Kelly
   RedCreek Communications
   3900 Newpark Mall Road
   Newark, CA 94560
   USA
   email: skelly@redcreek.com
   Telephone: +1 (510) 745-3969

   Tero Kivinen
   SSH Communications Security Ltd.
   Tekniikantie 12
   FIN-02150 ESPOO
   Finland
   E-mail: kivinen@ssh.fi


   The IPSec working group can be contacted via the IPSec working
   group's mailing list (ipsec@lists.tislabs.com) or through its chairs:

     Robert Moskowitz
     rgm@icsa.net
     International Computer Security Association

     Theodore Y. Ts'o
     tytso@MIT.EDU



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     Massachusetts Institute of Technology

References

   [RFC2401]   Kent, S., and R. Atkinson, "Security Architecture for the
               Internet Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.

   [RFC2402]   Kent, S., and R. Atkinson, "IP Authentication Header", RFC
               2402, November 1998.

   [RFC2406]   Kent, S., and R. Atkinson, "IP Encapsulating Security
               Payload (ESP)", RFC 2406, November 1998.

   [RFC2407]   Piper, D., "The Internet IP Security Domain of
               Interpretation for ISAKMP", RFC 2407, November 1998.

   [RFC2408]   Maughhan, D., Schertler, M., Schneider, M., and J. Turner,
               "Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
               (ISAKMP)", RFC 2408, November 1998.


   [RFC2409]   Harkins, D., and D. Carrel, "The Internet Key Exchange
               (IKE)", RFC 2409, November 1998.

   [RFC-2119]  Bradner, S., "Key Words for use in RFCs to Indicate
               Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.


Acknowledgements

   The editors would like to acknowledge all the helpful comments received
   from numerous members of the IPSec working group, including S. Frankel
   of NIST, T. Zegman of Checkpoint, D. Mason of Network Associates, V.
   Smyslov of Trustworks, and A. Potluri of TRI.

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph
   are included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other



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   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.




































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