INTERNET DRAFT              IS-IS restart                   July 2003



Network Working Group                                          M. Shand
Internet Draft                                             Les Ginsberg
Expiration Date: January 2004                             Cisco Systems
                                                              July 2003





                      Restart signaling for IS-IS
                     draft-ietf-isis-restart-04.txt


Status of this Memo


   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC 2026 [1].

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
   six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
   documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as
   reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

1.    Abstract

   The IS-IS routing protocol (RFC 1195 [2], ISO/IEC 10589 [3]) is a
   link state intra-domain routing protocol. Normally, when an IS-IS
   router is restarted, temporary disruption of routing occurs due to
   events in both the restarting router and the neighbors of the
   restarting router.

   The router which has been restarted computes its own routes before
   achieving database synchronization with its neighbors. The results
   of this computation are likely to be non-convergent with the routes
   computed by other routers in the area/domain.

   Neighbors of the restarting router detect the restart event and
   cycle their adjacencies with the restarting router through the down


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   state. The cycling of the adjacency state causes the neighbors to
   regenerate their LSPs describing the adjacency concerned. This in
   turn causes temporary disruption of routes passing through the
   restarting router.

   In certain scenarios the temporary disruption of the routes is
   highly undesirable. This draft describes mechanisms to avoid or
   minimize the disruption due to both of these causes.

2.    Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
   this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [3].

   If the control and forwarding functions in a router can be
   maintained independently, it is possible for the forwarding function
   state to be maintained across a control function restart. This
   functionality is assumed when the terms "restart/restarting" are
   used in this document.

   The terms "start/starting" are used to refer to a router in which
   the control function has either been started for the first time or
   has been restarted but the forwarding functions have not been
   maintained in a prior state.

   The terms "(re)start/(re)starting" are used when the text is
   applicable to both a "starting" and a "restarting" router.

3.    Overview

   When an adjacency is reinitialized as a result of a neighbor
   restarting, a router does three things:

      1. It causes its own LSP(s) to be regenerated, thus triggering
        SPF runs throughout the area (or in the case of Level 2,
        throughout the domain).

      2. It sets SRMflags on its own LSP database on the adjacency
        concerned.

      3. In the case of a Point-to-Point link it transmits a (set of)
        CSNP(s) over the adjacency.

   In the case of a restarting router process, the first of these is
   highly undesirable, but the second is essential in order to ensure
   synchronization of the LSP database.

   The third action above minimizes the number of LSPs which must be
   exchanged and, if made reliable, provides a means of determining


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   when the LSP databases of the neighboring routers have been
   synchronized. This is desirable whether the router is being
   restarted or not (so that the overload bit can be cleared in the
   router's own LSP, for example).

   This draft describes a mechanism for a restarting router to signal
   that it is restarting to its neighbors, and allow them to
   reestablish their adjacencies without cycling through the down
   state, while still correctly initiating database synchronization.

   This draft additionally describes a mechanism for a restarting
   router to determine when it has achieved LSP database
   synchronization with its neighbors.

   This draft additionally describes a mechanism to optimize LSP
   database synchronization and minimize transient routing disruption
   when a router starts.

   It is assumed that the three-way handshake [4] is being used on
   Point-to-Point circuits.

4.    Approach

4.1     Timers

   Three additional timers, T1, T2 and T3 are required to support the
   functionality defined in this document.

   An instance of the timer T1 is maintained per interface, and
   indicates the time after which an unacknowledged (re)start attempt
   will be repeated. A typical value might be 3 seconds.

   An instance of the timer T2 is maintained for each LSP database
   present in the system i.e. for a Level1/2 system, there will be an
   instance of the timer T2 for Level 1 and an instance for Level 2.
   This is the maximum time that the system will wait for LSPDB
   synchronization. A typical value might be 60 seconds.

   A single instance of the timer T3 is maintained for the entire
   system. It indicates the time after which the router will declare
   that it has failed to achieve database synchronization (by setting
   the overload bit in its own LSP). This is initialized to 65535
   seconds, but is set to the minimum of the remaining times of
   received IIHs containing a restart TLV with RA set and an indication
   that the neighbor has an adjacency in the UP state to the restarting
   router.

   NOTE: The timer T3 is only used by a restarting router.




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4.2     Restart TLV

   A new TLV is defined to be included in IIH PDUs. The presence of
   this TLV indicates that the sender supports the functionality
   defined in this document and it carries flags that are used to
   convey information during a (re)start. All IIHs transmitted by a
   router that supports this capability MUST include this TLV.

         Type   211
         Length 1 - (3 + ID Length)
         Value
           Flags (1 octet)

              0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7
             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
             |  Reserved    |SA|RA|RR|
             +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+


             RR - Restart Request
             RA - Restart Acknowledgment
             SA - Suppress adjacency advertisement


           (Note: Remaining fields are required when RA bit is set)

           Remaining Time (2 octets)

             Remaining holding time (in seconds)


           Restarting Neighbor System ID (ID Length octets)

             The system ID of the neighbor to which the RA refers.
             Note: Implementations based on earlier versions of this
             document may not include this field in the TLV when RA is
             set. In this case a router which is expecting an RA on a
             LAN circuit SHOULD assume that the acknowledgement is
             directed at the local system.)


4.2.1       Use of RR and RA bits

   The RR bit is used by a (re)starting router to signal to its
   neighbors that a (re)start is in progress, that an existing
   adjacency SHOULD be maintained even under circumstances when the
   normal operation of the adjacency state machine would require the
   adjacency to be reinitialized, to request a set of CSNPs, and to
   request setting of SRMflags.


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   The RA bit is sent by the neighbor of a (re)starting router to
   acknowledge the receipt of a restart TLV with the RR bit set.

   When the neighbor of a (re)starting router receives an IIH with the
   restart TLV having the RR bit set, if there exists on this interface
   an adjacency in state "Up" with the same System ID, and in the case
   of a LAN circuit, with the same source LAN address, then,
   irrespective of the other contents of the "Intermediate System
   Neighbors" option (LAN circuits), or the "Point-to-Point Three-Way
   Adjacency" option (Point-to-Point circuits):

    a) The state of the adjacency is not changed. If this is the first
      IIH with the RR bit set that this system has received associated
      with this adjacency then the adjacency is marked as being in
      "Restart mode" and the adjacency holding time is refreshed -
      otherwise the holding time is not refreshed. The "remaining time"
      transmitted according to (b) below MUST reflect the actual time
      after which the adjacency will now expire. Receipt of a normal
      IIH with RR bit reset will clear the "Restart mode" state. This
      procedure allows the restarting router to cause the neighbor to
      maintain the adjacency long enough for restart to successfully
      complete while also preventing repetitive restarts from
      maintaining an adjacency indefinitely. Whether an adjacency is
      marked as being in "Restart mode" or not has no effect on
      adjacency state transitions.

    b) immediately (i.e. without waiting for any currently running
      timer interval to expire, but with a small random delay of a few
      10s of milliseconds on LANs to avoid "storms"), transmit over the
      corresponding interface an IIH including the restart TLV with the
      RR bit clear and the RA bit set, in the case of Point-to-Point
      adjacencies having updated the "Point-to-Point Three-Way
      Adjacency" option to reflect any new values received from the
      (re)starting router. (This allows a restarting router to quickly
      acquire the correct information to place in its hellos.) The
      "Remaining Time" MUST be set to the current time (in seconds)
      before the holding timer on this adjacency is due to expire. If
      the corresponding interface is a LAN interface, then the
      Restarting Neighbor System ID SHOULD be set to the System ID of
      the router from whom the IIH with RR bit set was received. This
      is required to correctly associate the acknowledgement and
      holding time in the case where multiple systems on a LAN restart
      at approximately the same time. This IIH SHOULD be transmitted
      before any LSPs or SNPs transmitted as a result of the receipt of
      the original IIH.

    c) if the corresponding interface is a Point-to-Point interface, or
      if the receiving router has the highest LnRouterPriority (with
      highest source MAC address breaking ties) among those routers to
      which the receiving router has an adjacency in state "Up" on this


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      interface whose IIHs contain the restart TLV, excluding
      adjacencies to all routers which are considered in "Restart mode"
      (note the actual DIS is NOT changed by this process), initiate
      the transmission over the corresponding interface of a complete
      set of CSNPs, and set SRMflags on the corresponding interface for
      all LSPs in the local LSP database.

   Otherwise (i.e. if there was no adjacency in the "UP" state to the
   system ID in question), process the IIH as normal by reinitializing
   the adjacency, and setting the RA bit in the returned IIH.

4.2.2       Use of SA bit

   The SA bit is used by a starting router to request that its neighbor
   suppress advertisement of the adjacency to the starting router in
   the neighbor's LSPs.

   A router which is starting has no maintained forwarding function
   state. This may or may not be the first time the router has started.
   If this is not the first time the router has started, copies of LSPs
   generated by this router in its previous incarnation may exist in
   the LSP databases of other routers in the network. These copies are
   likely to appear "newer" than LSPs initially generated by the
   starting router due to the reinitialization of LSP fragment sequence
   numbers by the starting router. This may cause temporary blackholes
   to occur until the normal operation of the update process causes the
   starting router to regenerate and flood copies of its own LSPs with
   higher sequence numbers. The temporary blackholes can be avoided if
   the starting router's neighbors suppress advertising an adjacency to
   the starting router until the starting router has been able to
   propagate newer versions of LSPs generated by previous incarnations.

   When the neighbor of a starting router receives an IIH with the
   restart TLV having the SA bit set, if there exists on this interface
   an adjacency in state "Up" with the same System ID, and in the case
   of a LAN circuit, with the same source LAN address, then
   advertisement of the adjacency to the starting router in LSPs MUST
   be suppressed. Until an IIH with the SA bit clear has been received,
   the adjacency advertisement MUST continue to be suppressed. If the
   adjacency transitions to the UP state, the new adjacency MUST NOT be
   advertised until an IIH with the SA bit clear has been received.

   Note that a router which suppresses advertisement of the adjacency
   to the starting router MUST NOT use this adjacency when performing
   its SPF calculation. In particular, if an implementation follows the
   example guidelines presented in [3] Annex C.2.5 Step 0:b) "pre-load
   TENT with the local adjacency database", the suppressed adjacency
   MUST NOT be loaded into the TENT.




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4.3     Adjacency (re)acquisition

   Adjacency (re)acquisition is the first step in (re)initialization.
   Restarting and starting routers will make use of the RR bit in the
   restart TLV, though each will use it at different stages of the
   (re)start procedure.

4.3.1       Adjacency reacquisition during restart

   The restarting router explicitly notifies its neighbor that the
   adjacency is being reacquired, and hence that it SHOULD NOT
   reinitialize the adjacency. This is achieved by setting the RR bit
   in the restart TLV. When the neighbor of a restarting router
   receives an IIH with the restart TLV having the RR bit set, if there
   exists on this interface an adjacency in state "Up" with the same
   System ID, and in the case of a LAN circuit, with the same source
   LAN address, then the procedures described in 4.2.1 are followed.

   A router that does not support the restart capability will ignore
   the restart TLV and reinitialize the adjacency as normal, returning
   an IIH without the restart TLV.

   On restarting, a router initializes the timer T3, starts the timer
   T2 for each LSPDB and for each interface (and in the case of a LAN
   circuit, for each level) starts the timer T1 and transmits an IIH
   containing the restart TLV with the RR bit set.

   On a Point-to-Point circuit the "Adjacency Three-Way State" SHOULD
   be set to "Init", because the receipt of the acknowledging IIH (with
   RA set) MUST cause the adjacency to enter "Up" state immediately.

   On a LAN circuit the LAN-ID assigned to the circuit SHOULD be the
   same as that used prior to the restart. In particular, for any
   circuits for which the restarting router was previously DIS, the use
   of a different LAN-ID would necessitate the generation of a new set
   of pseudonode LSPs, and corresponding changes in all the LSPs
   referencing them from other routers on the LAN. By preserving the
   LAN-ID across the restart, this churn can be prevented. To enable a
   restarting router to learn the LAN-ID used prior to restart, the
   LAN-ID specified in an IIH w RR set MUST be ignored.

   Transmission of "normal" IIHs is inhibited until the conditions
   described below are met (in order to avoid causing an unnecessary
   adjacency initialization). On expiry of the timer T1, it is
   restarted and the IIH is retransmitted as above.

   When a restarting router receives an IIH a local adjacency is
   established as usual, and if the IIH contains a restart TLV with the
   RA bit set (and on LAN circuits with a Restart Neighbor System ID
   which matches that of the local system), the receipt of the


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   acknowledgement over that interface is noted. When the RA bit is set
   and the state of the remote adjacency is UP then the timer T3 is set
   to the minimum of its current value and the value of the "Remaining
   Time" field in the received IIH.

   On a Point-to-Point link, receipt of an IIH not containing the
   restart TLV is also treated as an acknowledgement, since it
   indicates that the neighbor is not restart capable. However, since
   no CSNP is guaranteed to be received over this interface, the timer
   T1 is cancelled immediately without waiting for a complete set of
   CSNP(s). Synchronization may therefore be deemed complete even
   though there are some LSPs which are held (only) by this neighbor
   (see section 4.4). In this case we also want to be certain that the
   neighbor will reinitialize the adjacency in order to guarantee that
   SRMflags have been set on its database, thus ensuring eventual LSPDB
   synchronization. This is guaranteed to happen except in the case
   where the Adjacency Three-Way State in the received IIH is UP and
   the Neighbor Extended Local Circuit ID matches the extended local
   circuit ID assigned by the restarting router. In this case the
   restarting router MUST force the adjacency to reinitialize by
   setting the local Adjacency Three-Way State to DOWN and sending a
   normal IIH.

   In the case of a LAN interface, receipt of an IIH not containing the
   restart TLV is unremarkable since synchronization can still occur so
   long as at least one of the non-restarting neighboring routers on
   the LAN supports restart. Therefore T1 continues to run in this
   case. If none of the neighbors on the LAN are restart capable, T1
   will eventually expire after the locally defined number of retries.

   In the case of a Point-to-Point circuit, the "LocalCircuitID" and
   "Extended Local Circuit ID" information contained in the IIH can be
   used immediately to generate an IIH containing the correct 3-way
   handshake information. The presence of "Neighbor System ID" or
   "Neighbor Extended Local Circuit ID" information which does not
   match the values currently in use by the local system is ignored
   (since the IIH may have been transmitted before the neighbor had
   received the new values from the restarting router), but the
   adjacency remains in the initializing state until the correct
   information is received.

   In the case of a LAN circuit the source neighbor information (e.g.
   SNPAAddress) is recorded and used for adjacency establishment and
   maintenance as normal.

   When BOTH a complete set of CSNP(s) (for each active level, in the
   case of a pt-pt circuit) and an acknowledgement have been received
   over the interface, the timer T1 is cancelled.




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   Once the timer T3 has expired or been cancelled, subsequent IIHs are
   transmitted according to the normal algorithms, but including the
   restart TLV with both RR and RA clear.

   If a LAN contains a mixture of systems, only some of which support
   the new algorithm, database synchronization is still guaranteed, but
   the "old" systems will have reinitialized their adjacencies.

   If an interface is active, but does not have any neighboring router
   reachable over that interface the timer T1 would never be cancelled,
   and according to clause 4.4.1.1 the SPF would never be run.
   Therefore timer T1 is cancelled after some pre-determined number of
   expirations (which MAY be 1). (By this time any existing adjacency
   on a remote system would probably have expired anyway.)

4.3.2       Adjacency acquisition during start

   The starting router wants to ensure that in the event a neighboring
   router has an adjacency to the starting router in the UP state (from
   a previous incarnation of the starting router) that this adjacency
   is reinitialized. The starting router also wants neighboring routers
   to suppress advertisement of an adjacency to the starting router
   until LSP database synchronization is achieved. This is achieved by
   sending IIHs with the RR bit clear and the SA bit set in the restart
   TLV. The RR bit remains clear and the SA bit remains set in
   subsequent transmissions of IIHs until the adjacency has reached the
   UP state and the initial T1 timer interval (see below) has expired.

   Receipt of an IIH with RR bit clear will result in the neighboring
   router utilizing normal operation of the adjacency state machine.
   This will ensure that any old adjacency on the neighboring router
   will be reinitialized.

   On receipt of an IIH with SA bit set the behavior described in 4.2.2
   is followed.

   On starting, a router starts timer T2 for each LSPDB.

   For each interface (and in the case of a LAN circuit, for each
   level), when an adjacency reaches the UP state, the starting router
   starts a timer T1 and transmits an IIH containing the restart TLV
   with the RR bit clear and SA bit set. On expiry of the timer T1, it
   is restarted and the IIH is retransmitted with both RR and SA bits
   set(only the RR bit has changed state from earlier IIHs).

   On receipt of an IIH with RR bit set (regardless of whether SA is
   set or not) the behavior described in 4.2.1 is followed.

   When an IIH is received by the starting router and the IIH contains
   a restart TLV with the RA bit set (and on LAN circuits with a


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   Restart Neighbor System ID which matches that of the local system),
   the receipt of the acknowledgement over that interface is noted.

   On a Point-to-Point link, receipt of an IIH not containing the
   restart TLV is also treated as an acknowledgement, since it
   indicates that the neighbor is not restart capable. Since the
   neighbor will have reinitialized the adjacency this guarantees that
   SRMflags have been set on its database, thus ensuring eventual LSPDB
   synchronization. However, since no CSNP is guaranteed to be received
   over this interface, the timer T1 is cancelled immediately without
   waiting for a complete set of CSNP(s). Synchronization may therefore
   be deemed complete even though there are some LSPs which are held
   (only) by this neighbor (see section 4.4).

   In the case of a LAN interface, receipt of an IIH not containing the
   restart TLV is unremarkable since synchronization can still occur so
   long as at least one of the non-restarting neighboring routers on
   the LAN supports restart. Therefore T1 continues to run in this
   case. If none of the neighbors on the LAN are restart capable, T1
   will eventually expire after the locally defined number of retries.
   The usual operation of the update process will ensure that
   synchronization is eventually achieved.

   When BOTH a complete set of CSNP(s) (for each active level, in the
   case of a pt-pt circuit) and an acknowledgement have been received
   over the interface, the timer T1 is cancelled. Subsequent IIHs sent
   by the starting router have the RR and RA bits clear and the SA bit
   set in the restart TLV.

   Timer T1 is cancelled after some pre-determined number of
   expirations (which MAY be 1).

   When the T2 timer(s) are cancelled or expire transmission of
   "normal" IIHs (with RR, RA, and SA bits clear) will begin.

4.3.3       Multiple levels

   A router which is operating as both a Level 1 and a Level 2 router
   on a particular interface MUST perform the above operations for each
   level.

   On a LAN interface, it MUST send and receive both Level 1 and
   Level 2 IIHs and perform the CSNP synchronizations independently for
   each level.

   On a pt-pt interface, only a single IIH (indicating support for both
   levels) is required, but it MUST perform the CSNP synchronizations
   independently for each level.




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4.4     Database synchronization

   When a router is started or restarted it can expect to receive a
   (set of) CSNP(s) over each interface. The arrival of the CSNP(s) is
   now guaranteed, since an IIH with RR bit set will be retransmitted
   until the CSNP(s) are correctly received.

   The CSNPs describe the set of LSPs that are currently held by each
   neighbor. Synchronization will be complete when all these LSPs have
   been received.

   When (re)starting, a router starts an instance of timer T2 for each
   LSPDB as described in 4.3.1 or 4.3.2. In addition to normal
   processing of the CSNPs, the set of LSPIDs contained in the first
   complete set of CSNP(s) received over each interface is recorded,
   together with their remaining lifetime. In the case of a LAN
   interface, a complete set of CSNPs MUST consist of CSNPs received
   from neighbor(s) which are not restarting. If there are multiple
   interfaces on the (re)starting router, the recorded set of LSPIDs is
   the union of those received over each interface. LSPs with a
   remaining lifetime of zero are NOT so recorded.

   As LSPs are received (by the normal operation of the update process)
   over any interface, the corresponding LSPID entry is removed (it is
   also removed if the LSP had arrived before the CSNP containing the
   reference). When an LSPID has been held in the list for its
   indicated remaining lifetime, it is removed from the list. When the
   list of LSPIDs is empty and the timer T1 has been cancelled for all
   the interfaces that have an adjacency at this level, the timer T2 is
   cancelled.

   At this point the local database is guaranteed to contain all the
   LSP(s) (either the same sequence number, or a more recent sequence
   number) which were present in the neighbors' databases at the time
   of (re)starting. LSPs that arrived in a neighbor's database after
   the time of (re)starting may or may not be present, but the normal
   operation of the update process will guarantee that they will
   eventually be received. At this point the local database is deemed
   to be "synchronized".

   Since LSPs mentioned in the CSNP(s) with a zero remaining lifetime
   are not recorded, and those with a short remaining lifetime are
   deleted from the list when the lifetime expires, cancellation of the
   timer T2 will not be prevented by waiting for an LSP that will never
   arrive.

4.4.1       LSP generation and flooding and SPF computation

   The operation of a router starting, as opposed to restarting is
   somewhat different. These two cases are dealt with separately below.


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4.4.1.1.          Restarting

   In order to avoid causing unnecessary routing churn in other
   routers, it is highly desirable that the own LSPs generated by the
   restarting system are the same as those previously present in the
   network (assuming no other changes have taken place). It is
   important therefore not to regenerate and flood the LSPs until all
   the adjacencies have been re-established and any information
   required for propagation into the local LSPs is fully available.
   Ideally, the information is loaded into the LSPs in a deterministic
   way, such that the same information occurs in the same place in the
   same LSP (and hence the LSPs are identical to their previous
   versions). If this can be achieved, the new versions will not even
   cause SPF to be run in other systems. However, provided the same
   information is included in the set of LSPs (albeit in a different
   order, and possibly different LSPs), the result of running the SPF
   will be the same and will not cause churn to the forwarding tables.

   In the case of a restarting router, none of the router's LSPs are
   transmitted, nor are the router's own forwarding tables updated
   while the timer T3 is running.

   Redistribution of inter-level information MUST be regenerated before
   this router's LSP is flooded to other nodes. Therefore the Level-n
   non-pseudonode LSP(s) MUST NOT be flooded until the other level's T2
   timer has expired and its SPF has been run. This ensures that any
   inter-level information which is to be propagated can be included in
   the Level-n LSP(s).

   During this period, if one of the router's own (including
   pseudonodes) LSPs is received, which the local router does not
   currently have in its own database, it is NOT purged. Under normal
   operation, such an LSP would be purged, since the LSP clearly should
   not be present in the global LSP database. However, in the present
   circumstances, this would be highly undesirable, because it could
   cause premature removal of an own LSP - and hence churn in remote
   routers. Even if the local system has one or more own LSPs (which it
   has generated, but not yet transmitted) it is still not valid to
   compare the received LSP against this set, since it may be that as a
   result of propagation between Level 1 and Level 2 (or vice versa) a
   further own LSP will need to be generated when the LSP databases
   have synchronized.

   During this period a restarting router SHOULD send CSNPs as it
   normally would. Information about the router's own LSPs MAY be
   included, but if it is included it MUST be based on LSPs which have
   been received, not on versions which have been generated (but not



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   yet transmitted). This restriction is necessary to prevent premature
   removal of an LSP from the global LSP database.

   When the timer T2 expires or is cancelled indicating that
   synchronization for that level is complete, the SPF for that level
   is run in order to derive any information which is required to be
   propagated to another level, but the forwarding tables are not yet
   updated.

   Once the other level's SPF has run and any inter-level propagation
   has been resolved, the 'own' LSPs can be generated and flooded. Any
   'own' LSPs which were previously ignored, but which are not part of
   the current set of 'own' LSPs (including pseudonodes) MUST then be
   purged. Note that it is possible that a Designated Router change may
   have taken place, and consequently the router SHOULD purge those
   pseudonode LSPs which it previously owned, but which are now no
   longer part of its set of pseudonode LSPs.

   When all the T2 timers have expired or been cancelled, the timer T3
   is cancelled and the local forwarding tables are updated.

   If the timer T3 expires before all the T2 timers have expired or
   been cancelled, this indicates that the synchronization process is
   taking longer than minimum holding time of the neighbors. The
   router's own LSP(s) for levels which have not yet completed their
   first SPF computation are then flooded with the overload bit set to
   indicate that the router's LSPDB is not yet synchronized (and
   therefore other routers MUST NOT compute routes through this
   router). Normal operation of the update process resumes and the
   local forwarding tables are updated. In order to prevent the
   neighbor's adjacencies from expiring, IIHs with the normal interface
   value for the holding time are transmitted over all interfaces with
   neither RR nor RA set in the restart TLV. This will cause the
   neighbors to refresh their adjacencies. The own LSP(s) will continue
   to have the overload bit set until timer T2 has expired or been
   cancelled.

4.4.1.2.          Starting

   In the case of a starting router, as soon as each adjacency is
   established, and before any CSNP exchanges, the router's own zeroth
   LSP is transmitted with the overload bit set. This prevents other
   routers from computing routes through the router until it has
   reliably acquired the complete set of LSPs. The overload bit remains
   set in subsequent transmissions of the zeroth LSP (such as will
   occur if a previous copy of the routers LSP is still present in the
   network) while any timer T2 is running.

   When all the T2 timers have been cancelled, the own LSP(s) MAY be
   regenerated with the overload bit clear (assuming the router isn't


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   in fact overloaded, and there is no other reason, such as incomplete
   BGP convergence, to keep the overload bit set), and flooded as
   normal.

   Other 'own' LSPs (including pseudonodes) are generated and flooded
   as normal, irrespective of the timer T2. The SPF is also run as
   normal and the RIB and FIB updated as routes become available.

   To avoid the possible formation of temporary blackholes the starting
   router sets the SA bit in the restart TLV (as described in 4.3.2) in
   all IIHs that it sends.

   When all T2 timers have been cancelled the starting router MUST
   transmit IIHs with the SA bit clear.

5.    State Tables

   This section presents state tables which summarize the behaviors
   described in this document. Other behaviors, in particular adjacency
   state transitions and LSP database update operation, are NOT
   included in the state tables except where this document modifies the
   behaviors described in [3] and [5].

   Three state tables are presented from the point of view of a running
   router, a restarting router, and a starting router.

5.1     Running Router

  Event       | Running              | ADJ suppressed
 ==============================================================
  RX RR       | Maintain ADJ State   |
              | Send RA              |
              | Set SRM,send CSNP    |
              |  (Note 1)            |
              | Update Hold Time,    |
              |  set Restart Mode    |
              |  (Note 2)            |
 -------------+----------------------+-------------------------
  RX RR clr   | Clr Restart mode     |
 -------------+----------------------+-------------------------
  RX SA set   | Suppress IS neighbor |
              |   TLV in LSP(s)      |
              | Goto ADJ Suppressed  |
 -------------+----------------------+-------------------------
  RX SA clr   |                      |Unsuppress IS neighbor
              |                      |   TLV in LSP(s)
              |                      |Goto Running


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 ==============================================================

    Note 1: If ADJ is UP
    Note 2: If Restart Mode clear















































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5.2     Restarting Router

  Event      | Restarting | ADJ Seen RA | ADJ Seen CSNP | SPF Wait
 ===================================================================
  Router     | Send IIH/RR|             |               |
   restarts  | ADJ Init   |             |               |
             | Start T1,  |             |               |
             |    T2,T3   |             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  RX RA      | Adjust T3  |             | Cancel T1     |
             | Goto ADJ   |             |               |
             |   Seen RA  |             |               |
 ----------- +------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  RX CSNP    | Goto ADJ   | Cancel T1   |               |
    Set      |   Seen CSNP|             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  RX IIH w/o | Cancel T1  |             |               |
  Restart TLV|            |             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  T1 Expires | Send IIH/RR| Send IIH/RR | Send IIH/RR   |
             | Restart T1 | Restart T1  | Restart T1    |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  T1 Expires | Send IIH/  | Send IIH/   | Send IIH/     |
   nth time  |   normal   |   normal    |   normal      |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  T2 expires | Trigger SPF|             |               |
             | Goto SPF   |             |               |
             |    Wait    |             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  T3 expires | Set OL     |             |               |
             | Flood local|             |               |
             |  LSPs      |             |               |
             | Update fwd |             |               |
             |   plane    |             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
  LSP DB Sync| Cancel T2, |             |               |
             |   and T3   |             |               |
             | Trigger SPF|             |               |
             | Goto SPF   |             |               |
             |   wait     |             |               |
 ------------+------------+-------------+---------------+------------
 All SPF     |            |             |               | Clear OL
   done      |            |             |               | Update Fwd


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             |            |             |               |   plane
             |            |             |               | Flood local
             |            |             |               |   LSPs
             |            |             |               | Goto Running
 =====================================================================














































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5.3     Starting Router

  Event       | Starting    | ADJ Seen RA | ADJ Seen CSNP
 =========================================================
 Router       | Send IIH/SA |             |
   starts     | Start T1,T2 |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 RX RA        | Goto ADJ    |             | Cancel T1
              |   Seen RA   |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 RX CSNP      | Goto ADJ    | Cancel T1   |
   Set        |   Seen CSNP |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 RX IIH w     | Cancel T1   |             |
   no Restart |             |             |
   TLV        |             |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 ADJ UP       | Start T1    |             |
              | Send local  |             |
              |  LSPs w OL  |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 T1 Expires   | Send IIH/RR | Send IIH/RR | Send IIH/RR
              |   and SA    |   and SA    |   and SA
              | Restart T1  | Restart T1  | Restart T1
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 T1 Expires   | Send IIH/SA | Send IIH/SA | Send IIH/SA
  nth time    |             |             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 T2 expires   | Clear OL    |             |
              | Send IIH    |             |
              |   normal    |             |
              | Goto Running|             |
 -------------+-------------+-------------+---------------
 LSP DB Sync  | Cancel T2   |             |
              | Clear OL    |             |
              | Send IIH    |             |
              |   normal    |             |
 =========================================================








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6.    Security Considerations

   This memo does not create any new security issues for the IS-IS
   protocol. Security considerations for the base IS-IS protocol are
   covered in [2] and [3].

7.    References

   1 Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3", BCP
     9, RFC 2026, October 1996.

   2 Callon, R., "OSI IS-IS for IP and Dual Environment," RFC 1195,
     December 1990.

   3 ISO, "Intermediate system to Intermediate system routeing
     information exchange protocol for use in conjunction with the
     Protocol for providing the Connectionless-mode Network Service
     (ISO 8473)," ISO/IEC 10589:2002, Second Edition.

   4 Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
     Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997

   5 Katz, D., "Three-Way Handshake for IS-IS Point-to-Point
     Adjacencies", RFC 3373, September 2002

8.    Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to acknowledge contributions made by Jeff
   Parker, Radia Perlman, Mark Schaefer, Naiming Shen, Nischal Sheth,
   Russ White, and Rena Yang.

9.    Authors' Addresses

   Mike Shand
   Cisco Systems
   250 Longwater Avenue,
   Reading,
   Berkshire,
   RG2 6GB
   UK
   Phone: +44 208 824 8690
   Email: mshand@cisco.com


   Les Ginsberg
   Cisco Systems
   510 McCarthy Blvd.
   Milpitas, Ca. 95035 USA
   Email: ginsberg@cisco.com



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