Internet Working Group                                  Ali Sajassi, Ed.
Internet Draft                                               Samer Salam
Category: Standards Track                                          Cisco
                                                             Nabil Bitar
                                                                 Verizon
                                                            Aldrin Isaac
                                                               Bloomberg
                                                          Wim Henderickx
                                                          Alcatel-Lucent
                                                             Lizhong Jin
                                                                     ZTE
Expires: April 18, 2015                                 October 18, 2014


                               PBB-EVPN
                      draft-ietf-l2vpn-pbb-evpn-08

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   Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
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   publication of this document. Please review these documents



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   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Abstract

   This document discusses how Ethernet Provider Backbone Bridging (PBB)
   can be combined with Ethernet VPN (EVPN) in order to reduce the
   number of BGP MAC advertisement routes by aggregating Customer/Client
   MAC (C-MAC) addresses via Provider Backbone MAC address (B-MAC),
   provide client MAC address mobility using C-MAC aggregation, confine
   the scope of C-MAC learning to only active flows, offer per site
   policies and avoid C-MAC address flushing on topology changes. The
   combined solution is referred to as PBB-EVPN.

Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   4.  Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.1.  MAC Advertisement Route Scalability  . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.2.  C-MAC Mobility Independent of B-MAC Advertisements . . . .  5
     4.3.  C-MAC Address Learning and Confinement . . . . . . . . . .  5
     4.4.  Per Site Policy Support  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     4.5.  No C-MAC Address Flushing for All-Active Multi-Homing  . .  6
   5.  Solution Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   6.  BGP Encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     6.1.  Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     6.2.  MAC/IP Advertisement Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     6.3.  Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route . . . . . . . . . .  8
     6.4.  Ethernet Segment Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     6.5.  ESI Label Extended Community . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     6.6.  ES-Import Route Target . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     6.7.  MAC Mobility Extended Community  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     6.8.  Default Gateway Extended Community . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   7.  Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     7.1.  MAC Address Distribution over Core . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     7.2.  Device Multi-homing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10



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       7.2.1. Flow-based Load-balancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
         7.2.1.1.  PE B-MAC Address Assignment  . . . . . . . . . . . 10
         7.2.1.2.  Automating B-MAC Address Assignment  . . . . . . . 12
         7.2.1.3  Split Horizon and Designated Forwarder Election . . 12
       7.2.2. I-SID Based Load-balancing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
         7.2.2.1. PE B-MAC Address Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
         7.2.2.2. Split Horizon and Designated Forwarder Election . . 13
         7.2.2.3. Handling Failure Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     7.3.  Network Multi-homing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     7.4.  Frame Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       7.4.1.  Unicast  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
       7.4.2.  Multicast/Broadcast  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.5.  MPLS Encapsulation of PBB Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   8.  Minimizing ARP Broadcast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   9. Seamless Interworking with IEEE 802.1aq/802.1Qbp  . . . . . . . 16
     9.1. B-MAC Address Assignment  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     9.2.  IEEE 802.1aq / 802.1Qbp B-MAC Address Advertisement  . . . 17
     9.4. Operation:  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   10.  Solution Advantages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     10.1.  MAC Advertisement Route Scalability . . . . . . . . . . . 18
     10.2.  C-MAC Mobility Independent of B-MAC Advertisements  . . . 18
     10.3.  C-MAC Address Learning and Confinement  . . . . . . . . . 19
     10.4.  Seamless Interworking with 802.1aq Access Networks  . . . 19
     10.5.  Per Site Policy Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     10.6.  No C-MAC Address Flushing for All-Active Multi-Homing . . 20
   11.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   12.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   13.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   14.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   15.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
   16.  Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21




















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1.  Introduction

   [EVPN] introduces a solution for multipoint L2VPN services, with
   advanced multi-homing capabilities, using BGP for distributing
   customer/client MAC address reach-ability information over the core
   MPLS/IP network. [PBB] defines an architecture for Ethernet Provider
   Backbone Bridging (PBB), where MAC tunneling is employed to improve
   service instance and MAC address scalability in Ethernet as well as
   VPLS networks [RFC7080].

   In this document, we discuss how PBB can be combined with EVPN in
   order to: reduce the number of BGP MAC advertisement routes by
   aggregating Customer/Client MAC (C-MAC) addresses via Provider
   Backbone MAC address (B-MAC), provide client MAC address mobility
   using C-MAC aggregation and B-MAC sub-netting, confine the scope of
   C-MAC learning to only active flows, offer per site policies and
   avoid C-MAC address flushing on topology changes. The combined
   solution is referred to as PBB-EVPN.

2.  Contributors

   In addition to the authors listed above, the following individuals
   also contributed to this document.

   Sami Boutros, Cisco
   Dennis Cai, Cisco
   Keyur Patel, Cisco
   Clarence Filsfils, Cisco
   Sam Aldrin, Huawei
   Himanshu Shah, Ciena
   Florin Balus, ALU

3.  Terminology

   BEB: Backbone Edge Bridge
   B-MAC: Backbone MAC Address
   CE: Customer Edge
   C-MAC: Customer/Client MAC Address
   ES: Ethernet Segment
   ESI: Ethernet Segment Identifier
   LSP: Label Switched Path
   MP2MP: Multipoint to Multipoint
   MP2P: Multipoint to Point
   P2MP: Point to Multipoint
   P2P: Point to Point
   PE: Provider Edge
   EVPN: Ethernet VPN
   EVI: EVPN Instance



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   RT: Route Target

   Single-Active Redundancy Mode: When only a single PE, among a group
   of PEs attached to an Ethernet segment, is allowed to forward traffic
   to/from that Ethernet Segment, then the Ethernet segment is defined
   to be operating in Single-Active redundancy mode.

   All-Active Redundancy Mode: When all PEs attached to an Ethernet
   segment are allowed to forward traffic to/from that Ethernet Segment,
   then the Ethernet segment is defined to be operating in All-Active
   redundancy mode.


4.  Requirements

   The requirements for PBB-EVPN include all the requirements for EVPN
   that were described in [RFC7209], in addition to the following:

4.1.  MAC Advertisement Route Scalability

   In typical operation, an [EVPN] PE sends a BGP MAC Advertisement
   Route per customer/client MAC (C-MAC) address. In certain
   applications, this poses scalability challenges, as is the case in
   data center interconnect (DCI) scenarios where the number of virtual
   machines (VMs), and hence the number of C-MAC addresses, can be in
   the millions. In such scenarios, it is required to reduce the number
   of BGP MAC Advertisement routes by relying on a 'MAC summarization'
   scheme, as is provided by PBB.

4.2.  C-MAC Mobility Independent of B-MAC Advertisements

   Certain applications, such as virtual machine mobility, require
   support for fast C-MAC address mobility. For these applications, when
   using EVPN, the virtual machine MAC address needs to be transmitted
   in BGP MAC Advertisement route. Otherwise, traffic would be forwarded
   to the wrong segment when a virtual machine moves from one Ethernet
   segment to another. This means MAC address prefixes cannot be used in
   data center applications.

   In order to support C-MAC address mobility, while retaining the
   scalability benefits of MAC summarization, PBB technology is used. It
   defines a Backbone MAC (B-MAC) address space that is independent of
   the C-MAC address space, and aggregates C-MAC addresses via a single
   B-MAC address.

4.3.  C-MAC Address Learning and Confinement

   In EVPN, all the PE nodes participating in the same EVPN instance are



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   exposed to all the C-MAC addresses learnt by any one of these PE
   nodes because a C-MAC learned by one of the PE nodes is advertise in
   BGP to other PE nodes in that EVPN instance. This is the case even if
   some of the PE nodes for that EVPN instance are not involved in
   forwarding traffic to, or from, these C-MAC addresses. Even if an
   implementation does not install hardware forwarding entries for C-MAC
   addresses that are not part of active traffic flows on that PE, the
   device memory is still consumed by keeping record of the C-MAC
   addresses in the routing table (RIB). In network applications with
   millions of C-MAC addresses, this introduces a non-trivial waste of
   PE resources. As such, it is required to confine the scope of
   visibility of C-MAC addresses only to those PE nodes that are
   actively involved in forwarding traffic to, or from, these addresses.

4.4.  Per Site Policy Support

   In many applications, it is required to be able to enforce
   connectivity policy rules at the granularity of a site (or segment).
   This includes the ability to control which PE nodes in the network
   can forward traffic to, or from, a given site. Both EVPN and PBB-EVPN
   are capable of providing this granularity of policy control. In the
   case where the policy needs to be at the granularity of per C-MAC
   address, then C-MAC address learning in control-plane (in BGP) per
   [EVPN] should be used.

4.5.  No C-MAC Address Flushing for All-Active Multi-Homing

   Just as in [EVPN], it is required to avoid C-MAC address flushing
   upon link, port or node failure for All-Active multi-homed segments.

5.  Solution Overview

   The solution involves incorporating IEEE Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB)
   functionality on the EVPN PE nodes similar to PBB-VPLS, where BEB
   functionality is incorporated in the VPLS PE nodes. The PE devices
   would then receive 802.1Q Ethernet frames from their attachment
   circuits, encapsulate them in the PBB header and forward the frames
   over the IP/MPLS core. On the egress EVPN PE, the PBB header is
   removed following the MPLS disposition, and the original 802.1Q
   Ethernet frame is delivered to the customer equipment.











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                   BEB   +--------------+  BEB
                   ||    |              |  ||
                   \/    |              |  \/
       +----+ AC1 +----+ |              | +----+   +----+
       | CE1|-----|    | |              | |    |---| CE2|
       +----+\    | PE1| |   IP/MPLS    | | PE3|   +----+
              \   +----+ |   Network    | +----+
               \         |              |
             AC2\ +----+ |              |
                 \|    | |              |
                  | PE2| |              |
                  +----+ |              |
                    /\   +--------------+
                    ||
                    BEB
         <-802.1Q-> <------PBB over MPLS------> <-802.1Q->

   Figure 1: PBB-EVPN Network

   The PE nodes perform the following functions:- Learn customer/client
   MAC addresses (C-MACs) over the attachment circuits in the data-
   plane, per normal bridge operation.

   - Learn remote C-MAC to B-MAC bindings in the data-plane for traffic
   received from the core per [PBB] bridging operation.

   - Advertise local B-MAC address reach-ability information in BGP to
   all other PE nodes in the same set of service instances. Note that
   every PE has a set of B-MAC addresses that uniquely identify the
   device. B-MAC address assignment is described in details in section
   7.2.2.

   - Build a forwarding table from remote BGP advertisements received
   associating remote B-MAC addresses with remote PE IP addresses and
   the associated MPLS label(s).

6.  BGP Encoding

   PBB-EVPN leverages the same BGP Routes and Attributes defined in
   [EVPN], adapted as follows:


6.1.  Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route

   This route and all of its associated modes are not needed in PBB-EVPN
   because PBB encapsulation provides the required level of indirection
   for C-MAC addresses - i.e., an ES can be represented by a B-MAC
   address for the purpose of data-plane learning/forwarding.



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   The receiving PE knows that it need not wait for the receipt of the
   Ethernet A-D route for route resolution by means of the reserved
   Ethernet Segment Identifier (ESI) encoded in the MAC Advertisement
   route: the ESI values of 0 and MAX-ESI indicate that the receiving PE
   can resolve the path without an Ethernet A-D route.


6.2.  MAC/IP Advertisement Route

   The EVPN MAC/IP Advertisement Route is used to distribute B-MAC
   addresses of the PE nodes instead of the C-MAC addresses of end-
   stations/hosts. This is because the C-MAC addresses are learnt in the
   data-plane for traffic arriving from the core. The MAC Advertisement
   Route is encoded as follows:

   - The MAC address field contains the B-MAC address.
   - The Ethernet Tag field is set to 0.
   - The Ethernet Segment Identifier field must be set either to 0 (for
   single-homed segments or multi-homed segments with per-ISID load-
   balancing) or to MAX-ESI (for multi-homed segments with per-flow
   load-balancing). All other values are not permitted.
   - All other fields are set as defined in [EVPN].

   This route is tagged with the Route Target (RT) corresponding to its
   EVI. This EVI is analogous to a B-VID.


6.3.  Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route

   This route is used for multicast pruning per I-SID. It is used for
   auto-discovery of PEs participating in a given I-SID so that a
   multicast tunnel (MP2P, P2P, P2MP, or MP2MP LSP) can be setup for
   that I-SID . [RFC7080] uses multicast pruning per I-SID based on
   [MMRP] which is a soft-state protocol. The advantages of multicast
   pruning using this BGP route over [MMRP] are that a) it scales very
   well for large number of PEs and b) it works with any type of LSP
   (MP2P, P2P, P2MP, or MP2MP); whereas, [MMRP] only works over P2P
   pseudowires. The Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route is encoded as
   follow:

   - The Ethernet Tag field is set with the appropriate I-SID value.
   - All other fields are set as defined in [EVPN].

   This route is tagged with an RT. This RT SHOULD be set to a value
   corresponding to its EVI (which is analogous to a B-VID). The RT for
   this route MAY also be auto-derived from the corresponding Ethernet
   Tag (I-SID) based on the procedure specified in section 8.4.1.1.1 of
   [EVPN].



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6.4.  Ethernet Segment Route

   This route is auto-discovery of member PEs belonging to a given
   redundancy group (e.g., attached to a given Ethernet Segment) per
   [EVPN].


6.5.  ESI Label Extended Community

   This extended community is not used in PBB-EVPN. In [EVPN], this
   extended community is used along with the Ethernet AD route to
   advertise an MPLS label for the purpose of split-horizon filtering.
   Since in PBB-EVPN, the split-horizon filtering is performed natively
   using B-MAC SA, there is no need for this extended community.


6.6.  ES-Import Route Target

   This RT is used as defined in [EVPN].


6.7.  MAC Mobility Extended Community

   This extended community is defined in [EVPN] and it is used with a
   MAC route (B-MAC route in case of PBB-EVPN). The B-MAC route is
   tagged with the RT corresponding to its EVI (which is analogous to a
   B-VID). When this extended community is used along with a B-MAC route
   in PBB-EVPN, it indicates that all C-MAC addresses associated with
   that B-MAC address across all corresponding I-SIDs must be flushed.


6.8.  Default Gateway Extended Community

   This extended community is not used in PBB-EVPN.


7.  Operation

   This section discusses the operation of PBB-EVPN, specifically in
   areas where it differs from [EVPN].

7.1.  MAC Address Distribution over Core

   In PBB-EVPN, host MAC addresses (i.e. C-MAC addresses) need not be
   distributed in BGP. Rather, every PE independently learns the C-MAC
   addresses in the data-plane via normal bridging operation. Every PE
   has a set of one or more unicast B-MAC addresses associated with it,
   and those are the addresses distributed over the core in MAC



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   Advertisement routes.

7.2.  Device Multi-homing

7.2.1. Flow-based Load-balancing

   This section describes the procedures for supporting device multi-
   homing in an All-Active redundancy mode (i.e., flow-based load-
   balancing).

7.2.1.1.  PE B-MAC Address Assignment

   In [PBB] every BEB is uniquely identified by one or more B-MAC
   addresses. These addresses are usually locally administered by the
   Service Provider. For PBB-EVPN, the choice of B-MAC address(es) for
   the PE nodes must be examined carefully as it has implications on the
   proper operation of multi-homing. In particular, for the scenario
   where a CE is multi-homed to a number of PE nodes with All-Active
   redundancy mode, a given C-MAC address would be reachable via
   multiple PE nodes concurrently. Given that any given remote PE will
   bind the C-MAC address to a single B-MAC address, then the various PE
   nodes connected to the same CE must share the same B-MAC address.
   Otherwise, the MAC address table of the remote PE nodes will keep
   oscillating between the B-MAC addresses of the various PE devices.
   For example, consider the network of Figure 1, and assume that PE1
   has B-MAC BM1 and PE2 has B-MAC BM2. Also, assume that both links
   from CE1 to the PE nodes are part of the same Ethernet link
   aggregation group. If BM1 is not equal to BM2, the consequence is
   that the MAC address table on PE3 will keep oscillating such that the
   C-MAC address M1 of CE1 would flip-flop between BM1 or BM2, depending
   on the load-balancing decision on CE1 for traffic destined to the
   core.

   Considering that there could be multiple sites (e.g. CEs) that are
   multi-homed to the same set of PE nodes, then it is required for all
   the PE devices in a Redundancy Group to have a unique B-MAC address
   per site. This way, it is possible to achieve fast convergence in the
   case where a link or port failure impacts the attachment circuit
   connecting a single site to a given PE.












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                               +---------+
                +-------+  PE1 | IP/MPLS |
               /               |         |
            CE1                | Network |     PEr
           M1  \               |         |
                +-------+  PE2 |         |
                /-------+      |         |
               /               |         |
            CE2                |         |
          M2   \               |         |
                \              |         |
                 +------+  PE3 +---------+

   Figure 2: B-MAC Address Assignment

   In the example network shown in Figure 2 above, two sites
   corresponding to CE1 and CE2 are dual-homed to PE1/PE2 and PE2/PE3,
   respectively. Assume that BM1 is the B-MAC used for the site
   corresponding to CE1. Similarly, BM2 is the B-MAC used for the site
   corresponding to CE2. On PE1, a single B-MAC address (BM1) is
   required for the site corresponding to CE1. On PE2, two B-MAC
   addresses (BM1 and BM2) are required, one per site. Whereas on PE3, a
   single B-MAC address (BM2) is required for the site corresponding to
   CE2. All three PE nodes would advertise their respective B-MAC
   addresses in BGP using the MAC Advertisement routes defined in
   [EVPN]. The remote PE, PEr, would learn via BGP that BM1 is reachable
   via PE1 and PE2, whereas BM2 is reachable via both PE2 and PE3.
   Furthermore, PEr establishes, via the PBB bridge learning procedure,
   that C-MAC M1 is reachable via BM1, and C-MAC M2 is reachable via
   BM2. As a result, PEr can load-balance traffic destined to M1 between
   PE1 and PE2, as well as traffic destined to M2 between both PE2 and
   PE3. In the case of a failure that causes, for example, CE1 to be
   isolated from PE1, the latter can withdraw the route it has
   advertised for BM1. This way, PEr would update its path list for BM1,
   and will send all traffic destined to M1 over to PE2 only.

   For single-homed sites, it is possible to assign a unique B-MAC
   address per site, or have all the single-homed sites connected to a
   given PE share a single B-MAC address. The advantage of the first
   model over the second model is the ability to avoid C-MAC destination
   address lookup on the disposition PE (even though source C-MAC
   learning is still required in the data-plane). Also, by assigning the
   B-MAC addresses from a contiguous range, it is possible to advertise
   a single B-MAC subnet for all single-homed sites, thereby rendering
   the number of MAC advertisement routes required at par with the
   second model.

   In summary, every PE may use a unicast B-MAC address shared by all



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   single-homed sites or a unicast B-MAC address per single-homed site
   and, in addition, a unicast B-MAC address per All-Active multi-homed
   site. In the latter case, the B-MAC address MUST be the same for all
   PE nodes in a Redundancy Group connected to the same site.

7.2.1.2.  Automating B-MAC Address Assignment

   The PE B-MAC address used for single-homed sites can be automatically
   derived from the hardware (using for e.g. the backplane's address).
   However, the B-MAC address used for multi-homed sites must be
   coordinated among the RG members. To automate the assignment of this
   latter address, the PE can derive this B-MAC address from the MAC
   Address portion of the CE's Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP)
   System Identifier by flipping the 'Locally Administered' bit of the
   CE's address. This guarantees the uniqueness of the B-MAC address
   within the network, and ensures that all PE nodes connected to the
   same multi-homed CE use the same value for the B-MAC address.

   Note that with this automatic provisioning of the B-MAC address
   associated with multi-homed CEs, it is not possible to support the
   uncommon scenario where a CE has multiple link bundles within the
   same LACP session towards the PE nodes, and the service involves
   hair-pinning traffic from one bundle to another. This is because the
   split-horizon filtering relies on B-MAC addresses rather than Site-ID
   Labels (as will be described in the next section). The operator must
   explicitly configure the B-MAC address for this fairly uncommon
   service scenario.

   Whenever a B-MAC address is provisioned on the PE, either manually or
   automatically (as an outcome of CE auto-discovery), the PE MUST
   transmit an MAC Advertisement Route for the B-MAC address with a
   downstream assigned MPLS label that uniquely identifies that address
   on the advertising PE. The route is tagged with the RTs of the
   associated EVIs as described above.

7.2.1.3  Split Horizon and Designated Forwarder Election

   [EVPN] relies on access split horizon, where the Ethernet Segment
   Label is used for egress filtering on the attachment circuit in order
   to prevent forwarding loops. In PBB-EVPN, the B-MAC source address
   can be used for the same purpose, as it uniquely identifies the
   originating site of a given frame. As such, Ethernet Segment (ES)
   Labels are not used in PBB-EVPN, and the egress split-horizon
   filtering is done based on the B-MAC source address. It is worth
   noting here that [PBB] defines this B-MAC address based filtering
   function as part of the I-Component options, hence no new functions
   are required to support split-horizon beyond what is already defined
   in [PBB].



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   The Designated Forwarder election procedures are defined in [EVPN].

7.2.2. I-SID Based Load-balancing

   This section describes the procedures for supporting device multi-
   homing in a Single-Active redundancy mode with per-ISID load-
   balancing.

7.2.2.1. PE B-MAC Address Assignment

   In the case where per-ISID load-balancing is desired among the PE
   nodes in a given redundancy group, multiple unicast B-MAC addresses
   are allocated per multi-homed Ethernet Segment: Each PE connected to
   the multi-homed segment is assigned a unique B-MAC. Every PE then
   advertises its B-MAC address using the BGP MAC advertisement route.
   In this mode of operation, two B-MAC address assignment models are
   possible:

   - The PE may use a shared B-MAC address for multiple Ethernet
   Segments (ES's). This includes the single-homed segments as well as
   the multi-homed segments operating with per-ISID load-balancing mode.

   - The PE may use a dedicated B-MAC address for each ES operating with
   per-ISID load-balancing mode.

   All PE implementations MUST support the shared B-MAC address model
   and MAY support the dedicated B-MAC address model.

   A remote PE initially floods traffic to a destination C-MAC address,
   located in a given multi-homed Ethernet Segment, to all the PE nodes
   configured with that I-SID. Then, when reply traffic arrives at the
   remote PE, it learns (in the data-path) the B-MAC address and
   associated next-hop PE to use for said C-MAC address.

7.2.2.2. Split Horizon and Designated Forwarder Election The procedures
   are similar to the flow-based load-balancing case, with the only
   difference being that the DF filtering must be applied to unicast as
   well as multicast traffic, and in both core-to-segment as well as
   segment-to-core directions.

7.2.2.3. Handling Failure Scenarios

   When a PE connected to a multi-homed Ethernet Segment loses
   connectivity to the segment, due to link or port failure, it needs to
   notify the remote PEs to trigger C-MAC address flushing. This can be
   achieved in one of two ways, depending on the B-MAC assignment model:

   - If the PE uses a shared B-MAC address for multiple ES's, then the



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   C-MAC flushing is signaled by means of having the failed PE re-
   advertise the MAC Advertisement route for the associated B-MAC,
   tagged with the MAC Mobility Extended Community attribute. The value
   of the Counter field in that attribute must be incremented prior to
   advertisement. This causes the remote PE nodes to flush all C-MAC
   addresses associated with the B-MAC in question. This is done across
   all I-SIDs that are mapped to the EVI of the withdrawn MAC route.


   - If the PE uses a dedicated B-MAC address for each Ethernet Segment
   operating under per-ISID load-balancing mode, the the failed PE
   simply withdraws the B-MAC route previously advertised for that
   segment. This causes the remote PE nodes to flush all C-MAC addresses
   associated with the B-MAC in question. This is done across all I-SIDs
   that are mapped to the EVI of the withdrawn MAC route.

   When a PE connected to a multi-homed Ethernet Segment fails (i.e.
   node failure) or when the PE becomes completely isolated from the
   EVPN network, the remote PEs will start purging the MAC Advertisement
   routes that were advertised by the failed PE. This is done either as
   an outcome of the remote PEs detecting that the BGP session to the
   failed PE has gone down, or by having a Route Reflector withdrawing
   all the routes that were advertised by the failed PE. The remote PEs,
   in this case, will perform C-MAC address flushing as an outcome of
   the MAC Advertisement route withdrawals.

   For all failure scenarios (link/port failure, node failure and PE
   node isolation), when the fault condition clears, the recovered PE
   re-advertises the associated Ethernet Segment route to other members
   of its Redundancy Group. This triggers the backup PE(s) in the
   Redundancy Group to block the I-SIDs for which the recovered PE is a
   DF. When a backup PE blocks the I-SIDs, it triggers a C-MAC address
   flush notification to the remote PEs by re-advertising the MAC
   Advertisement route for the associated B-MAC, with the MAC Mobility
   Extended Community attribute. The value of the Counter field in that
   attribute must be incremented prior to advertisement. This causes the
   remote PE nodes to flush all C-MAC addresses associated with the B-
   MAC in question. This is done across all I-SIDs that are mapped to
   the EVI of the withdrawn/readvertised MAC route.

7.3.  Network Multi-homing

   When an Ethernet network is multi-homed to a set of PE nodes running
   PBB-EVPN, a single-active redundancy model can be supported with per
   service instance (i.e. I-SID) load-balancing. In this model, DF
   election is performed to ensure that a single PE node in the
   redundancy group is responsible for forwarding traffic associated
   with a given I-SID. This guarantees that no forwarding loops are



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   created. Filtering based on DF state applies to both unicast and
   multicast traffic, and in both access-to-core as well as core-to-
   access directions (unlike the multi-homed device scenario where DF
   filtering is limited to multi-destination frames in the core-to-
   access direction). Similar to the multi-homed device scenario, with
   I-SID based load-balancing, a unique B-MAC address is assigned to
   each of the PE nodes connected to the multi-homed network (Segment).

7.4.  Frame Forwarding

   The frame forwarding functions are divided in between the Bridge
   Module, which hosts the [PBB] Backbone Edge Bridge (BEB)
   functionality, and the MPLS Forwarder which handles the MPLS
   imposition/disposition. The details of frame forwarding for unicast
   and multi-destination frames are discussed next.

7.4.1.  Unicast

   Known unicast traffic received from the AC will be PBB-encapsulated
   by the PE using the B-MAC source address corresponding to the
   originating site. The unicast B-MAC destination address is determined
   based on a lookup of the C-MAC destination address (the binding of
   the two is done via transparent learning of reverse traffic). The
   resulting frame is then encapsulated with an LSP tunnel label and the
   MPLS label which uniquely identifies the B-MAC destination address on
   the egress PE. If per flow load-balancing over ECMPs in the MPLS core
   is required, then a flow label is added below the label associated
   with the BMAC address in the label stack.

   For unknown unicast traffic, the PE forwards these frames over MPLS
   core. When these frames are to be forwarded, then the same set of
   options used for forwarding multicast/broadcast frames (as described
   in next section) are used.

7.4.2.  Multicast/Broadcast

   Multi-destination frames received from the AC will be PBB-
   encapsulated by the PE using the B-MAC source address corresponding
   to the originating site. The multicast B-MAC destination address is
   selected based on the value of the I-SID as defined in [PBB]. The
   resulting frame is then forwarded over the MPLS core using one out of
   the following two options:

   Option 1: the MPLS Forwarder can perform ingress replication over a
   set of MP2P or P2P tunnel LSPs. The frame is encapsulated with a
   tunnel LSP label and the EVPN ingress replication label advertised in
   the Inclusive Multicast Route.




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   Option 2: the MPLS Forwarder can use P2MP tunnel LSP per the
   procedures defined in [EVPN]. This includes either the use of
   Inclusive or Aggregate Inclusive trees. Furthermore, the MPLS
   Forwarder can use MP2MP tunnel LSP if Inclusive trees are used.

   Note that the same procedures for advertising and handling the
   Inclusive Multicast Route defined in [EVPN] apply here.

7.5.  MPLS Encapsulation of PBB Frames

   The encapsulation for the transport of PBB frames over MPLS is
   similar to that of classical Ethernet, albeit with the additional PBB
   header, as shown in the figure below:

   +------------------+
   | IP/MPLS Header   |
   +------------------+
   | PBB Header       |
   +------------------+
   | Ethernet Header  |
   +------------------+
   | Ethernet Payload |
   +------------------+
   | Ethernet FCS     |
   +------------------+

   Figure 8: PBB over MPLS Encapsulation

8.  Minimizing ARP Broadcast

   The PE nodes implement an ARP-proxy function in order to minimize the
   volume of ARP traffic that is broadcasted over the MPLS network. This
   is achieved by having each PE node snoop on ARP request and response
   messages received over the access interfaces or the MPLS core. The PE
   builds a cache of IP / MAC address bindings from these snooped
   messages. The PE then uses this cache to respond to ARP requests
   ingress on access ports and targeting hosts that are in remote sites.
   If the PE finds a match for the IP address in its ARP cache, it
   responds back to the requesting host and drops the request.
   Otherwise, if it does not find a match, then the request is flooded
   over the MPLS network using either ingress replication or P2MP LSPs.


9. Seamless Interworking with IEEE 802.1aq/802.1Qbp







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                           +--------------+
                           |              |
           +---------+     |     MPLS     |    +---------+
   +----+  |         |   +----+        +----+  |         |  +----+
   |SW1 |--|         |   | PE1|        | PE2|  |         |--| SW3|
   +----+  | 802.1aq |---|    |        |    |--| 802.1aq |  +----+
   +----+  |  .1Qbp  |   +----+        +----+  |  .1Qbp  |  +----+
   |SW2 |--|         |     |   Backbone   |    |         |--| SW4|
   +----+  +---------+     +--------------+    +---------+  +----+

   |<------ IS-IS -------->|<-----BGP----->|<------ IS-IS ------>|  CP


   |<-------------------------   PBB  -------------------------->|  DP
                           |<----MPLS----->|

   Legend: CP = Control Plane View
           DP = Data Plane View

   Figure 7: Interconnecting 802.1aq/802.1Qbp Networks with PBB-EVPN

9.1. B-MAC Address Assignment

   The B-MAC addresses need to be globally unique across all the IEEE
   802.1aq / 802.1Qbp networks. Given that each network operator has
   typically have its own assigned Organizationally Unique Identifier
   (OUI), the assignment of unique B-MAC addresses shouldn't be an
   issue.


9.2.  IEEE 802.1aq / 802.1Qbp B-MAC Address Advertisement

   B-MAC addresses associated with 802.1aq / 802.1Qbp switches are
   advertised using the EVPN MAC/IP route advertisement already defined
   in [EVPN].


9.4. Operation:

   When a PE receives a PBB-encapsulated Ethernet frame from the access
   side, it performs a lookup on the B-MAC destination address to
   identify the next hop. If the lookup yields that the next hop is a
   remote PE, the local PE would then encapsulate the PBB frame in MPLS.
   The label stack comprises of the VPN label (advertised by the remote
   PE), followed by an LSP/IGP label. From that point onwards, regular
   MPLS forwarding is applied.

   On the disposition PE, assuming penultimate-hop-popping is employed,



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   the PE receives the MPLS-encapsulated PBB frame with a single label:
   the VPN label. The value of the label indicates to the disposition PE
   that this is a PBB frame, so the label is popped, the TTL field (in
   the 802.1Qbp F-Tag) is reinitialized and normal PBB processing is
   employed from this point onwards.

10.  Solution Advantages

   In this section, we discuss the advantages of the PBB-EVPN solution
   in the context of the requirements set forth in section 3 above.

10.1.  MAC Advertisement Route Scalability

   In PBB-EVPN the number of MAC Advertisement Routes is a function of
   the number of Ethernet Segments (e.g., sites), rather than the number
   of hosts/servers. This is because the B-MAC addresses of the PEs,
   rather than C-MAC addresses (of hosts/servers) are being advertised
   in BGP. As discussed above, there's a one-to-one mapping between All-
   Active multi-homed segments and their associated B-MAC addresses, and
   there can be either a one-to-one or many-to-one mapping between
   Single-Active multi-homed segments and their associated B-MAC
   addresses, and finally there is a many-to-one mapping between single-
   home sites and their associated B-MAC addresses on a given PE. This
   means a single B-MAC is associated with one or more segments where
   each segment can be associated with many C-MAC addresses. As a
   result, the volume of MAC Advertisement Routes in PBB-EVPN may be
   multiple orders of magnitude less than EVPN.

10.2.  C-MAC Mobility Independent of B-MAC Advertisements

   As described above, in PBB-EVPN, a single B-MAC address can aggregate
   many C-MAC addresses. Given that B-MAC addresses are associated with
   segments attached to a PE or to the PE itself, their locations are
   fixed and thus not impacted what so ever by C-MAC mobility.
   Therefore, C-MAC mobility does not affect B-MAC addresses (e.g., any
   re-advertisements of them).  This is because the C-MAC address to B-
   MAC address association is learnt in the data-plane and C-MAC
   addresses are not advertised in BGP. Aggregation via B-MAC addresses
   in PBB-EVPN perform much better than EVPN even if MAC subnet is used
   in EVPN. This is because MAC mobility punctures many holes in a MAC
   subnet and effectively renders useless the aggregation property of a
   subnet in EVPN.

   To illustrate how this compares to EVPN, consider the following
   example:

   If a PE running EVPN advertises reachability for a MAC subnet that
   spans N addresses via a particular segment, and then 50% of the MAC



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   addresses in that subnet move to other segments (e.g. due to virtual
   machine mobility), then in the worst case, N/2 additional MAC
   Advertisement routes need to be sent for the MAC addresses that have
   moved. This defeats the purpose of the sub-netting. With PBB-EVPN, on
   the other hand, the B-MAC addresses which are statically associated
   with PE nodes, are not subject to mobility. As C-MAC addresses move
   from one segment to another, the binding of C-MAC to B-MAC addresses
   is updated via data-plane learning in PBB-EVPN.

10.3.  C-MAC Address Learning and Confinement

   In PBB-EVPN, C-MAC address reachability information is built via
   data-plane learning. As such, PE nodes not participating in active
   conversations involving a particular C-MAC address will purge that
   address from their forwarding tables. Furthermore, since C-MAC
   addresses are not distributed in BGP, PE nodes will not maintain any
   record of them in control-plane routing table.

10.4.  Seamless Interworking with 802.1aq Access Networks

   Consider the scenario where two access networks, one running MPLS and
   the other running 802.1aq, are interconnected via an MPLS backbone
   network. The figure below shows such an example network.


                               +--------------+
                               |              |
               +---------+     |     MPLS     |    +---------+
       +----+  |         |   +----+        +----+  |         |  +----+
       | CE |--|         |   | PE1|        | PE2|  |         |--| CE |
       +----+  | 802.1aq |---|    |        |    |--|  MPLS   |  +----+
       +----+  |         |   +----+        +----+  |         |  +----+
       | CE |--|         |     |   Backbone   |    |         |--| CE |
       +----+  +---------+     +--------------+    +---------+  +----+

   Figure 9: Interoperability with 802.1aq

   If the MPLS backbone network employs EVPN, then the 802.1aq data-
   plane encapsulation must be terminated on PE1 or the edge device
   connecting to PE1. Either way, all the PE nodes that are part of the
   associated service instances will be exposed to all the C-MAC
   addresses of all hosts/servers connected to the access networks.
   However, if the MPLS backbone network employs PBB-EVPN, then the
   802.1aq encapsulation can be extended over the MPLS backbone, thereby
   maintaining C-MAC address transparency on PE1. If PBB-EVPN is also
   extended over the MPLS access network on the right, then C-MAC
   addresses would be transparent to PE2 as well.




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10.5.  Per Site Policy Support

   In PBB-EVPN, the per site policy can be supported via B-MAC addresses
   via assigning a unique B-MAC address for every site/segment
   (typically multi-homed but can also be single-homed). Given that the
   B-MAC addresses are sent in BGP MAC/IP route advertisement, it is
   possible to define per site (i.e. B-MAC) forwarding policies
   including policies for E-TREE service.

10.6.  No C-MAC Address Flushing for All-Active Multi-Homing

   Just as in [EVPN], with PBB-EVPN, it is possible to avoid C-MAC
   address flushing upon topology change affecting an All-Active multi-
   homed segment. To illustrate this, consider the example network of
   Figure 1. Both PE1 and PE2 advertise the same B-MAC address (BM1) to
   PE3. PE3 then learns the C-MAC addresses of the servers/hosts behind
   CE1 via data-plane learning. If AC1 fails, then PE3 does not need to
   flush any of the C-MAC addresses learnt and associated with BM1. This
   is because PE1 will withdraw the MAC Advertisement routes associated
   with BM1, thereby leading PE3 to have a single adjacency (to PE2) for
   this B-MAC address. Therefore, the topology change is communicated to
   PE3 and no C-MAC address flushing is required.

11.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Jose Liste and Patrice Brissette for
   their reviews and comments of this document.

12.  Security Considerations

   All the security considerations in [EVPN] apply directly to this
   document because this document leverages [EVPN] control plane and
   their associated procedures - although not the complete set but
   rather a subset.


13.  IANA Considerations

   There is no additional IANA considerations for PBB-EVPN beyond what
   is already described in [EVPN].

14.  Normative References

   [EVPN]     Sajassi, et al., "BGP MPLS Based Ethernet VPN", draft-
              ietf-l2vpn-evpn-11.txt, work in progress, October 2014.

15.  Informative References




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   [RFC7080]  A. Sajassi, et al., "Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS)
              Interoperability with Provider Backbone Bridges", RFC
              7080, December 2013.

   [RFC7209]  A. Sajassi, et al., "Requirements for Ethernet VPN
              (EVPN)", RFC 7209, May 2014.

   [PBB]      Clauses 25 and 26 of "IEEE Standard for Local and
              metropolitan area networks - Media Access Control (MAC)
              Bridges and Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks", IEEE Std
              802.1Q, 2013.

   [MMRP]     Clause 10 of "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan
              area networks - Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and
              Virtual Bridged Local Area Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q,
              2013.

16.  Authors' Addresses

   Ali Sajassi
   Cisco
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134, US
   Email: sajassi@cisco.com


   Samer Salam
   Cisco
   595 Burrard Street, Suite # 2123
   Vancouver, BC V7X 1J1, Canada
   Email: ssalam@cisco.com


   Nabil Bitar
   Verizon Communications
   Email : nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com


   Aldrin Isaac
   Bloomberg
   Email: aisaac71@bloomberg.net


   Wim Henderickx
   Alcatel-Lucent
   Email: wim.henderickx@alcatel-lucent.be





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   Lizhong Jin
   Shanghai,
   China
   Email: lizho.jin@gmail.comLizhong Jin















































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