L3VPN WG Yacine El Mghazli
Internet Draft Alcatel
<draft-ietf-l3vpn-mgt-fwk-01.txt>
Category: Informational Thomas D. Nadeau
Cisco Systems
Expires: July 2004
Kwok Ho Chan
Nortel Networks
Mohamed Boucadair
France Telecom
Arnaud Gonguet
Alcatel
January 2004
Framework for L3VPN Operations and Management
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is subject to all provisions
of Section 10 of RFC2026 except that the right to produce derivative
works is not granted.
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Abstract
This document provides a framework for operation and management of
Layer 3 Virtual Private Networks (L3VPNs). This framework intends to
produce a coherent description of the significant technical issues
that are important in the design of L3VPN management solutions.
Selection of specific approaches, making choices among information
models and protocols are outside of the scope of this document.
Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as deL3scribed in [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................4
1.1 Changes since last version.................................4
1.2 Terminology................................................4
1.3 Management Functions.......................................5
1.4 Reference Models...........................................6
2. PPVPN Service Operations and Management........................8
2.1 Service Management: Overview...............................8
2.2 PPVPN Service Offering Management..........................9
2.3 PPVPN Service Order Management.............................9
2.4 PPVPN Service Assurance....................................9
2.5 Customer Service Management Information Model..............9
2.5.1 SLA/SLS Content....................................10
2.6 Customer Management Functions.............................10
2.6.1 Fault Management...................................11
2.6.2 Configuration Management...........................11
2.6.3 Accounting.........................................11
2.6.4 Performance Management.............................12
2.6.5 Security Management................................12
2.7 Customer Management Architecture..........................13
2.7.1 Functional Architecture............................14
2.7.2 Communication......................................14
3. L3VPN Provider Network Manager................................14
3.1 Provider Network Management Definition....................14
3.2 Network Management Functions..............................15
3.2.1 Fault Management...................................15
3.2.2 Configuration Management...........................16
3.2.3 Accounting.........................................20
3.2.4 Performance Management.............................20
3.2.5 Security Management................................20
3.3 Network Management Information Models.....................20
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3.4 Network Management Architecture...........................21
4. L3VPN Devices.................................................21
4.1 Information model.........................................21
4.1.1 Standard MIBs/PIBs.................................21
4.1.2 L3VPN specific MIBs/PIBs...........................22
4.2 Communication.............................................23
5. Configuration aspects of PPVPN solutions......................23
5.1 Layer 2 VPNs..............................................23
5.1.1 VPWS...............................................23
5.1.2 VPLS...............................................23
5.2 Layer 3 VPNs..............................................23
5.2.1 PE-based 2547bis...................................23
5.2.2 PE-based Virtual Router............................23
5.2.3 CE-based VPNs using IPSec..........................23
Security Considerations..........................................23
References.......................................................24
Acknowledgments..................................................25
Authors' Addresses...............................................25
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1. Introduction
1.1 Changes since last version
. Add new section 1.2 on terminology.
. Rewording of major parts of the document.
1.2 Terminology
In this document, the following terms are used and defined as
follows:
VPN:
Virtual Private Network. A set of transmission and switching
resources, which will be used over a public infrastructure to
process the (IP) traffic that characterizes communication
services between the sites or premises interconnected via this
VPN. Such VPN networks MUST provide user identification and
authorization capabilities so that their access can be granted
accordingly, and they SHOULD also provide some guarantees as far
as the preservation of the VPN traffic's confidentiality is
concerned.
VPN Instance:
From a management standpoint, a VPN instance is the collection of
management data that strictly refer to a given VPN that has been
deployed and managed by a VPN service provider.
VPN Site:
A VPN customer's location that can access at least one VPN.
VPN Service Provider (SP):
A Service Provider that offers VPN-related services.
VPN Customer:
Refers to a customer that bought VPNs from a VPN service provider.
PPVPN:
Provider Provisioned VPN. Denotes VPNs for which a service
provider participates in provisioning and management.
L3VPN:
PPVPN for providing layer-3 (routed) services. See [L3VPN-FRWK].
Customer Agent:
Denotes the entity that is responsible for requesting VPN customer
specific information.
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SLA:
Service Level Agreement.
SLS:
Service Level Specifications.
1.3 Management Functions
For any type of Layer-3 PPVPN (PE or CE-based VPNs) it is recommended
to have a management platform where the VPN-related information could
be collected and managed. The Service and Network Management System
may centralize information related to instances of a VPN and allow
users to configure and provisions each instance from a central
location.
A SP must be able to manage the capabilities and characteristics of
their VPN services. Customers should have means to ensure fulfillment
of the VPN service they subscribed to. To the extent possible,
automated operations and interoperability with standard management
protocols should be supported.
Two main management functions are identified:
. A customer service management function:
Provides the means for a customer to query or configure customer
specific information, or receive alarms regarding his or her VPN.
Customer specific information includes data related to contact,
billing, site, access network, IP address, routing protocol
parameters, etc. It may also include confidential data, such as
encryption keys. Several solutions could be used: (1) proprietary
network management system (2) SNMP manager (3) PDP function (4)
directory service, etc. The customer should have a means to order
VPN-based services (we will refer to this function as "VPN
Ordering").
. A provider network management function:
This function is responsible for configuring and provisioning the
network resources in order to meet the offered VPN services
requirements. This mainly consists of (1) managing, (2) provisioning
and (3) configuring the physical links, the offered VPNS, the
subscribed customers and the VPN services offering. Additional
features to be supported includes add a VPN, add a customer, delete a
VPN, modifying VPN-related parameters. In addition, the VPN-SLS
assurance should be deployed in order to verify the fulfillment of
the subscribed VPN agreements.
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1.4 Reference Models
The ITU-T Telecommunications Management Network has the following
generic requirements structure:
. Engineer, deploy and manage the switching, routing and
transmission resources supporting the service, from a network
perspective (network element management);
. Manage the VPNs deployed over these resources (network
management);
. Manage the VPN service (service management);
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Service +-------------+ : +----------+
Management | Service |<------------------:----->| Customer |
Layer | Manager | : | Agent |
+-------------+ : +----------+
- - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network | +------------+ :
Management | | Provider | :
Layer | | Network | Customer
+------>| Manager | Interface
+------------+ :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network Element | :
Management | +------+ : +------+
Layer | | | : | CE |
+->| PE | : |device|
|device| : | of |
| |--:--|VPN A|
+------+ : +------+
---------------------------------------------->:<----------------
SP network : Customer Network
Figure 1: Reference Model for PE-based L3VPNs Management.
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- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Service +-------------+ : +----------+
Management | Service |<------------------:----->| Customer |
Layer | Manager | : | Agent |
+-------------+ : +----------+
- - - - - - - - - - ^ - - - - - - - - - - - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network | +------------+ :
Management | | Provider | :
Layer | | Network | Customer
+------>| Manager | Interface
+------------+ :
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -^- - - -^- - - -:- - - - - - - - -
Network Element | +-------:---------------+
Management | +------+ : +------+ |
Layer | | | : | CE | |
+---->| PE | : |device|<----+
|device| : | of |
| |--:--|VPN A|
+------+ : +------+
---------------------------------------------->:<----------------
SP network : Customer Network
Figure 2: Reference Model for CE-based L3VPNs Management.
Figure 1 and 2 (see above) presents the reference models for both PE
and CE-based L3VPN management, according to the aforementioned
generic structure.
In both models, the service manager administrates customer specific
attributes, such as customer Identifier (ID), personal information
(e.g., name, address, phone number, credit card number, etc.),
subscription services and parameters, access control policy
information, billing and statistical information, etc.
In the PE-based reference model, the provider network manager
administrates device attributes and their relationship, covering PE
devices and other devices constructing the corresponding PE-based
VPN.
In the CE-based reference model, the provider network manager
administrates device attributes and their relationship, covering PE
*and* CE devices constructing the corresponding CE-based VPN.
Network and customer management systems that are responsible for
managing VPN networks, have several challenges depending on the type
of VPN network(s) they are required to manage.
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2. PPVPN Service Operations and Management
The service management groups all functions that aim at managing the
service-based operations like service ordering, service subscription,
activation, etc.
The Customer Management function controls the PPVPN service
management at the Service Management Layer (SML). It mainly consists
of defining the PPVPN services offered by the SP, collecting and
consolidating the customer PPVPN services requirements, as well as
performing some reporting for the customer. This function is
correlated with the Network Management function at the Network
Management Layer (NML) for initiating the PPVPN services
provisioning, and getting some service reporting.
2.1 Service Management: Overview
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| Service +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| Management | VPN Offering| | VPN Order | |
| | Management | | Management | |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
| | VPN | | VPN-based | |
| | Assurance | | SLS Management | |
| +----------------+ +----------------+ |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
Figure 3: Overview of the Service Management
A customer must have a means to view the topology, operational state,
order status, and other parameters associated with the VPN service
offering that has been subscribed.
All aspects of management information about CE devices and customer
attributes of a PPVPN manageable by a SP should be capable of being
configured and maintained by an authenticated, authorized Service
manager.
A customer agent should be able to make dynamic requests for changing
parameters describing a service. A customer should be able to receive
response from the SP network in response to these requests (modulo
the existence of necessary agreements). Communication between
customer Agents and (VPN) service providers will rely upon a
query/response mechanism.
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A customer who may not be able to afford the resources to manage its
CPE premises should be able to outsource the management of the VPN to
the service provider(s) supporting the network.
2.2 PPVPN Service Offering Management
The deployment of a VPN hopefully addresses customers' requirements.
Thus, the provider must have the means to advertise the VPN-based
services it offers. Then, the potential customers could select the
service they want to subscribe to. Additional features could be
associated to this subscription phase, like the selection of a level
of quality associated to the delivery of the VPN service, the level
of management of the VPN service performed by the SP, security
options, etc.
2.3 PPVPN Service Order Management
This operation aims at managing the requests initiated by the
customers and tracks the status of the achievement of the related
operations. The activation of the orders is conditioned by the
availability of the resources that meet the customer's requirements
with the agreed guaranties (note that could be a result of a
negotiation phase between the customer and the provider).
2.4 PPVPN Service Assurance
The customer must have the means to evaluate the fulfillment of the
contracted SLA with the provider. Thus, the provider must monitor,
measure and provide some statistical information to the customer
assuming an agreement between both parties on the measurement
methodology as well as the specification of the corresponding (set
of) quality of service indicators.
2.5 Customer Service Management Information Model
This section presents the information model that is used for PPVPN
service management at the SML. The information models represent the
data that need to be managed, and the way they are represented. At
the SML, the information model that is foreseen is composed of
Service Level Agreements (SLA) and Service Level Specifications
(SLS).
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2.5.1 SLA/SLS Content
Services are described through Service Level Agreements (SLA) that
are contractual documents between customers and service providers.
The technical part of the service description is called the Service
Level Specification (SLS). The SLS groups different kinds of
parameters. Some are more related with the description of the
transport of the packets, and some with the specification of the
service itself.
A Service Level Specification (SLS) may be defined per access network
connection, per VPN, per VPN site, and/or per VPN route. The service
provider may define objectives and the measurement intervals for at
least the SLS using the following Service Level Objective (SLO)
parameters:
. QoS and traffic parameters
. Availability for the site, VPN, or access connection
. Duration of outage intervals per site, route or VPN
. Service activation interval (e.g., time to turn up a new site)
. Trouble report response time interval
. Time to repair interval
. Total incoming/outgoing traffic from a site, a (VPN) route or
that has transited through the whole VPN
. Measurement of non-conforming incoming/outgoing traffic
(compliance of traffic should deserve some elaboration, because
of many perspectives - security, QoS, routing, etc.) from a
site, a (VPN) route, or which has transited through the whole
VPN
The service provider and the customer may negotiate contractual
penalties in the case(s) where the provider does not meet a (set of)
SLS performance objective(s).
Traffic parameters and actions should be defined for incoming and
outgoing packets that go through the demarcation between the service
provider premises and the customer's premises. For example, traffic
policing functions may be activated at the ingress of the service
provider's network, while traffic shaping capabilities could be
activated at the egress of the service provider's network.
2.6 Customer Management Functions
This section presents detailed customer management functions in the
traditional fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and
security (FCAPS) management categories.
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2.6.1 Fault Management
Basically the fault management function of the Customer Service
Manager relies upon the manipulation of network layer failure
information, and it reports incidents to the impacted customers. Such
reports should be based upon and relate to the VPN service offering
subscribed by the customer. The Customer Management function support
for fault management includes:
. Indication of customer's services impacted by failure,
. Incident recording or logs.
2.6.2 Configuration Management
The configuration management function of the Customer Manager must be
able to configure PPVPN service parameters with the level of detail
that the customer is able to specify, according to service templates
defined by the provider.
A service template contains fields which, when instantiated, yield a
definite service requirement or policy. For example, a template for
an IPSec tunnel [IPSEC] would contain fields such as tunnel end
points, authentication modes, encryption and authentication
algorithms, shared keys (if any), and traffic filters.
A BGP/MPLS-based VPN service template would contain fields such as
the customer premises that need to be interconnected via the VPN.
A QoS agreement template would contain fields such as one-way transit
delay, inter-packet delay variation, throughput, and packet loss
thresholds.
2.6.3 Accounting
Basically, the accounting management function of the Customer Manager
is provided with network layer measurements information and manages
this information. The Customer Manager is responsible for the
following accounting functions:
. Retrieval of accounting information from the Provider Network
Manager,
. Analysis, storage and administration of measurements.
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Some providers may require near-real time reporting of measurement
information, and may offer this as part of a customer network
management service.
If a SP supports "Dynamic Bandwidth Management" service, then the
schedule and the amount of the bandwidth required to perform
requested bandwidth allocation change(s) must be traceable for
monitoring and accounting purposes.
Solutions should state compliance with accounting requirements, as
described in section 1.7 of [RFC2975].
2.6.4 Performance Management
>From the Customer Manager's perspective, performance management
includes functions involved in the determination of the conformance
level with the Service Level Specifications, such as QoS and
availability measurements. The objective is to correlate accounting
information with performance and fault management information to
produce billing that takes into account SLA provisions for periods of
time where the service level objectives are not met.
The performance information should reflect the quality of the
subscribed VPN service as perceived by the customer. This information
could be measured by the provider or controlled by a third party. The
parameters that will be used to reflect the performance level could
be negotiated and agreed between the service provider and the
customer during the VPN service negotiation phase.
Performance management should also support analysis of important
aspects of a PPVPN, such as bandwidth utilization, response time,
availability, QoS statistics, and trends based on collected data.
2.6.5 Security Management
From the Customer Manager's perspective, the security management
function includes management features to guarantee the security of
devices, configuration data and access connections.
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2.6.5.1 Management Access Control
Management access control determines the privileges that a user has
for particular applications and parts of the network. Without such
control, only the security of the data and control traffic is
protected, leaving the devices providing the PPVPN network
unprotected, among other equipment or resources. Access control
capabilities protect these devices to ensure that users have access
to the sole resources and applications they are granted to use.
2.6.5.2 Authentication
Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a VPN
user. The Service Manager must support standard methods for
authenticating users attempting to access VPN services.
Scalability is critical as the number of nomadic/mobile clients is
increasing rapidly. The authentication scheme implemented for such
deployments must be manageable for large numbers of users and VPN
access points.
Support for strong authentication schemes shall be supported to
ensure the security of both VPN access point-to-VPN access point (PE
to PE) and client-to-VPN Access point (CE-to-PE) communications. This
is particularly important to prevent VPN access point (VPN AP)
spoofing. VPN Access Point Spoofing is the situation where an
attacker tries to convince a PE or a CE that the attacker is the VPN
Access Point. If an attacker succeeds, then the device will send VPN
traffic to the attacker (who could forward it on to the actual (and
granted) access point after compromising confidentiality and/or
integrity).
In other words, a non-authenticated VPN AP can be spoofed with a man-
in-the-middle attack, because the endpoints rarely verify each other.
A weakly authenticated VPN AP may be subject to such an attack.
However, strongly authenticated VPN APs are not subject to such
attacks, because the man-in-the-middle cannot authenticate as the
real AP, due to the strong authentication algorithms.
2.7 Customer Management Architecture
This section proposes a high level architecture for the PPVPN
management framework as far as the SML layer is concerned. The goal
is to map the customer management functions described in section 2.3
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to architectural yet functional blocks, and to describe the
communication with the other PPVPN management functions.
2.7.1 Functional Architecture
Two main functional blocks can be recognized:
. A PPVPN Service Manager, for defining the PPVPN services and
initiating the corresponding provisioning. This block takes the
Customer Agent requirements as inputs, and the Provider Network
Management provisioning system as the output.
. A PPVPN Service Assurance Manager, for managing services
failures, and performing customer reporting. This block takes
the Provider Network Management assurance system as an input,
and the Customer Agent as the output.
2.7.2 Communication
2.7.2.1 Customer Agent interface
TBD
2.7.2.2 Provider Network Management interface
TBD
3. L3VPN Provider Network Manager
3.1 Provider Network Management Definition
When implementing a VPN architecture within a domain (or a set of
domains managed by a single ISP), an ISP must have a means to view
the physical and logical topology of the VPN premises, the VPN
operational status, the VPN service ordering status, the VPN service
handling, the VPN service activation status, and other aspects
associated with each customer's VPN in terms of set of relevant
parameters and attributes.
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The management of a VPN service from a provider's perspective
consists mainly in:
. Managing the customers (the term "customer" denotes a role
rather than the end user, thus a SP could be a customer) and
end-users in terms of SLA
. Managing the VPN premises (especially creating, modifying and
deleting operations, editing the related information to a
specific link or supervising the AAA [RFC2903][RFC2906]
operations)
. Managing the CE-PE links (particularly creating, modifying and
deleting links, editing the related information to a specific
VPN)
. Managing the service ordering like Quality of Service in terms
of supported classes of service, traffic isolation, etc.
Currently, proprietary methods are often used to manage VPNs. The
additional expense associated with operators having to use multiple
proprietary configuration-related management methods (e.g., Command
Line Interface (CLI) languages) to access such systems is not
recommended, because it affects the overall cost of the service
(including the exploitation costs), especially when multiple vendor
technologies (hence multiple expertise) are used to support the VPN
service offering. Therefore, devices should provide standards-based
interfaces wherever feasible. From this perspective, additional
requirements on possible interoperability issues and availability of
such standardized management interfaces need to be investigated.
3.2 Network Management Functions
In addition, there can be internal service provided by the SP for
satisfying the customer service requirements. Some of these may
include the notion of dynamic deployment of resources for supporting
the customer visible services, high availability service for the
customer may be supported by automatic failure detection and
automatic switchover to back-up VPNs. These are accomplished with
inter-working with the FCAPS capabilities of Provider Network
Manager.
3.2.1 Fault Management
The Provider Network Manager support for fault management includes:
. Fault detection (incidents reports, alarms, failure
visualization),
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. Fault localization (analysis of alarms reports, diagnostics),
. Corrective actions (data path, routing, resource allocation).
Since L3VPNs rely upon a common network infrastructure, the Provider
Network Manager provides a means to inform the Service Manager about
the VPN customers impacted by a failure in the infrastructure. The
Provider Network Manager should provide pointers to the related
customer configuration information to contribute to the procedures of
fault isolation and the determination of corrective actions.
It is desirable to detect faults caused by configuration errors,
because these may cause VPN service to fail, or not meet other
requirements (e.g., traffic and routing isolation). One approach
could be a protocol that systematically checks all constraints have
been taken into account, and consistency checks have been enforced
during the tunnel configuration process.
A capability that aims at checking IP reachability within a VPN must
be provided for diagnostic purposes.
A capability that aims at checking the configuration of a VPN device
must be provided for diagnostic purposes.
3.2.2 Configuration Management
The Provider Network Manager must support configuration management
capabilities to deploy VPNs. To do so, a Provider Network Manager
must provide configuration management to provision at least the
following L3VPN components: PE, CE, hierarchical tunnels, access
connections, routing, and QoS, as detailed in this section. If access
to the Internet is provided, then this option must also be
configurable.
Provisioning for adding or removing VPN customer premises should be
as automated as possible.
Finally, the Provider Network Manager must ensure that these devices
and protocols are provisioned consistently and correctly. The
solution should provide a means for checking if a service order is
correctly provisioned. This would represent one method of diagnosing
configuration errors. Configuration errors can arise due to a variety
of reasons: manual configuration, intruder attacks, and conflicting
service requirements.
Requirements for L3VPN configuration management are:
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. The Provider Network Manager must support configuration of VPN
membership
. The Provider Network Manager should use identifiers for SPs,
L3VPNs, PEs, CEs, hierarchical tunnels and access connections as
described in [L3VPN-FRWK].
. Tunnels must be configured between PE/CE devices. This requires
coordination of tunnel identifiers, hierarchical tunnels, VPNs,
and any associated service information, for example, a QoS
service.
. Routing protocols running between PE routers and CE devices must
be configured. For multicast services, multicast routing
protocols must also be configurable.
. Routing protocols running between PE routers, and between PE and
P routers must also be configured.
PE-based only:
. Routing protocols running between PE routers and CE devices must
be configured on a per VPN basis. The Provider Network Manager
must support configuration of CE routing protocol for each
access connection.
. The configuration of a PE-based L3VPN must be coordinated with
the configuration of the underlying infrastructure, including
Layer 1 and 2 networks interconnecting components of a L3VPN.
3.2.2.1 Provisioning Routing-based Configuration Information
The Provider Network Manager must provision parameters for the IGP
for a L3VPN. This includes metrics, capacity, QoS capability, and
restoration parameters.
3.2.2.2 Provisioning Network Access-based Configuration Information
The Provider Network Manager must provision network access between
SP-managed PE and CE equipments.
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3.2.2.3 Provisioning Security Services-based Configuration Information
When a security service is requested, the Provider Network Manager
must provision the entities and associated parameters involved in the
provisioning of the service. For example, for IPSec services,
tunnels, options, keys, and other parameters must be provisioned at
either the CE and/or the PE routers. In the case of an intrusion
detection service, the filtering and detection rules must be
provisioned on a VPN basis.
3.2.2.4 Provisioning VPN Resource Parameters
A service provider must have a means to dynamically provision
resources associated with VPN services. For example, in a PE-based
service, the number and size of virtual switching and forwarding
table instances must be provisioned.
Dynamic VPN resource allocation is crucial to cope with the frequent
requests for changes that are expressed by customers (e.g., sites
joining or leaving a VPN), as well as to achieve scalability. The PE
routers should be able to dynamically assign the VPN resources. This
capability is especially important for dial-up and wireless VPN
services.
If a SP supports a "Dynamic Bandwidth Management" service, then the
dates, times, amounts and intervals required to perform requested
bandwidth allocation change(s) must be traceable for accounting
purposes.
If a SP supports a "Dynamic Bandwidth Management" service, then the
provisioning system must be able to make requested changes within the
ranges and bounds specified in the Service Level Specifications.
Examples of QoS parameters are the response time and the probability
of being able to service such a request.
3.2.2.5 Provisioning Value-Added Service Access
A L3VPN service provides controlled access between a set of sites
over a common backbone. However, many service providers also offer a
range of value-added services, for example: Internet access, firewall
services, intrusion detection, IP telephony and IP Centrex,
application hosting, backup, etc. It is outside of the scope of this
document to define if and how these different services interact with
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the VPN service offering. However, the VPN service must be able to
provide access to these various types of value-added services.
A VPN service should allow the SP to supply the customer with
different kinds of well-known IP services (e.g. DNS, NTP, RADIUS,
etc.) needed for ordinary network operation and management. The
provider should be able to provide IP services to multiple customers
from one or many servers.
A firewall function may be required to restrict access to the L3VPN
from the Internet [Y.1311].
A managed firewall service must be carrier-class. For redundancy and
failure recovery purposes, a means for firewall fail-over should be
provided. Managed firewall services that may be provided include
dropping specified protocol types, intrusion protection, traffic-rate
limiting against malicious attacks, etc.
Managed firewalls must be supported on a per-VPN basis, although
multiple VPNs will be supported by the same physical device. Managed
firewalls should be provided at the access point(s) of the L3VPN.
Such services may be embedded in the CE or PE devices, or implemented
in standalone devices.
The Provider Network Manager should allow a customer to outsource the
management of an IP service to the SP providing the VPN or a third
party.
The management system should support collection of information
necessary for optimal allocation of IP services in response to
customers' orders, in correlation with provider-provisioned resources
supporting the service.
Reachability to and from the Internet from/to sites within a VPN must
be configurable by an SP. Configuring routing policy to control
distribution of VPN routes advertised to the Internet could realize
this.
3.2.2.6 Provisioning Hybrid VPN Services
Configuration of inter-working L3VPN solutions should also be
supported. Ensuring that security and end-to-end QoS issues are
addressed.
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3.2.3 Accounting
The Provider Network Manager is responsible for the measurements of
resource utilization.
3.2.4 Performance Management
From the Provider Network Manager's perspective, performance
management includes functions involved in monitoring and collecting
performance data regarding devices, facilities, and services.
The Provider Network Manager must monitor the devices' behavior to
evaluate performance metrics associated with a SLS. Different
measurement techniques may be necessary depending on the service for
which an SLA is provided. Example services are QoS, security,
multicast, and temporary access. These techniques may be either
intrusive or non-intrusive, depending on the parameters being
monitored.
The Provider Network Manager must also monitor aspects of the VPN not
directly associated with a SLS, such as resource utilization, status
of devices and transmission facilities, as well as control of
monitoring resources such as probes and remote agents at network
access points used by customers and mobile users.
Devices supporting L3VPN whose level of quality is defined by SLSs
should have real-time performance measurements that have indicators
and threshold crossing alerts. Such thresholds should be
configurable.
3.2.5 Security Management
From the Provider Network Manager's perspective, the security
management function of the Provider Network Manager must include
management features to guarantee the preservation of the
confidentiality of customers' traffic and control data as described
in section 5.9 of [L3VPN-REQ].
3.3 Network Management Information Models
TBD
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3.4 Network Management Architecture
TBD
4. L3VPN Devices
4.1 Information model
Each L3VPN solution must specify the information bases (MIBs, PIBs,
XML schemas, etc.) for network elements involved in L3VPN services.
This is an essential requirement in network provisioning. The
approach should identify any L3VPN specific information not contained
in a standard MIB.
4.1.1 Standard MIBs/PIBs
4.1.1.1 Customer visible routing
According to section 3.3 of [L3VPN-FRWK], the following technologies
are available for the exchange of routing information at the customer
interface level. The corresponding MIBs can be used for managing
routing policies across the customer interface.
. Static routing
. RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
. BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol version 4)
4.1.1.2 Routing across the SP backbone
According to section 4.4 of [L3VPN-FRWK], the following technologies
are available for routing within the SP network:
. Per-VPN routing model
o Static routing
o RIP
o OSPF
o IS-IS
o BGP-4
. Aggregated routing model
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o MP-iBGP [MP-BGP4]
o OSPF
o IS-IS
4.1.1.3 VPN tunneling
According to section 4.4 of [L3VPN-FRWK], the following technologies
are available for VPN tunneling within the SP network:
. MPLS
. GRE
. IPSec ([IPSEC-MIB], [IPSEC-PIB])
. IP-in-IP
4.1.1.4 Quality of Service
According to section 4.5 of [L3VPN-FRWK], the following technologies
are available for QoS support within the SP network:
. Diffserv ([RFC3289], [RFC3317])
. RSVP signaling
4.1.2 L3VPN specific MIBs/PIBs
4.1.2.1 PE-based L3VPN
. Layer 3 VPNs
o BGP/MPLS VPNs ([MIB-2547], [PIB-2547])
o Virtual Routers ([VR-MIB])
o TBD
. Layer 2 VPNs:
o TBD
4.1.2.2 CE-based L3VPN
. TBD
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4.2 Communication
The deployment of a VPN may span a wide range of network equipment,
potentially including equipment from multiple vendors. Therefore, the
provisioning of a unified network management view of the VPN shall be
simplified by means of standard management interfaces and models.
This will also facilitate customer self-managed (monitored) network
devices or systems.
In case where significant configuration is required whenever a new
service is to be provisioned, it is important for scalability reasons
that the NMS provides a largely automated mechanism for the relevant
configuration operations.
Manual configuration of VPN services (i.e., new sites, or re-
provisioning existing ones), could lead to scalability issues, and
should be avoided. It is thus important for network operators to
maintain visibility of the complete picture of the VPN through the
NMS system. This should be achieved by using standard protocols such
as SNMP, COPS, NetConf. Use of proprietary command-line interfaces is
not recommended.
5. Configuration aspects of PPVPN solutions
5.1 Layer 2 VPNs
5.1.1 VPWS
5.1.15.1.2 VPLS
5.2 Layer 3 VPNs
5.2.1 PE-based 2547bis
5.2.15.2.2 PE-based Virtual Router
5.2.15.2.3 CE-based VPNs using IPSec
Security Considerations
TBD
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References
[L3VPN-REQ] M. Carugi, D. McDysan, L. Fang, F. Johansson, Ananth
Nagarajan, J. Sumimoto, R. Wilder, 'Service requirements for Layer
3 Provider Provisioned Virtual Private', draft-ietf-l3vpn-
requirements-00.txt , March 2002.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[L3VPN-FRWK] R. Callon, M. Suzuki, J. De Clercq, B. Gleeson, A.
Malis, K. Muthukrishnan, E. Rosen, C. Sargor, J. Yu, 'A Framework
for Layer 3 Provider Provisioned Virtual Private Networks', draft-
ietf-l3vpn-framework-00.txt>, April 2002.
[RFC2096] F. Baker, 'IP Forwarding Table MIB', RFC2096, January 1997.
[MP-BGP4] D Katz, Yakov Rekhter, T. Bates, R.Chandra, 'Multiprotocol
Extensions for BGP-4', RFC2858, June 2000.
[IPSEC-PIB] Avri Doria, David Arneson, Jamie Jason, Cliff Wang,
Markus Stenberg, Man Li, 'IPSec Policy Information Base', draft-
ietf-ipsp-ipsecpib-09.txt, February 2002.
[RFC3289] F. Baker, K. Chan, A. Smith, 'Management Information Base
for the Differentiated Services Architecture', RFC3289, May2002.
[RFC3317] K. McCloghrie, K. Chan, R. Sahita, S. Hahn, 'Differentiated
Services Quality of Service Policy Information Base', RFC3317,
March 2003.
[MIB-2547] Thomas Nadeau, 'MPLS/BGP Virtual Private Network
Management Information Base UsingSMIv2', draft-ietf-l3vpn-mpls-
vpn-mib-00.txt, May 2002.
[PIB-2547] Yacine El Mghazli, 'BGP/MPLS VPN Policy Information Base',
draft-yacine-ppvpn-2547bis-pib-02.txt, February 2003.
[Y.1311.1] Carugi M., "Network Based IP VPN over MPLS
architecture",Y.1311.1 ITU-T Recommendation, May 2001.
[IPSEC] S. Kent et al., "Security Architecture for the Internet
Protocol", RFC 2401, November 1998.
[RFC 2975] B. Aboba et al, "Introduction to Accounting Management",
October 2000.
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Acknowledgments
Special Thanks to Nathalie Charton, Alban Couturier and Christian
Jacquenet for their valuable comments.
Authors' Addresses
Yacine El Mghazli (Editor)
Alcatel
Route de Nozay
91460 Marcoussis cedex - FRANCE
Phone: +33 1 69 63 41 87
Email: yacine.el_mghazli@alcatel.fr
Thomas D. Nadeau
Cisco Systems, Inc.
300 Apollo Drive
Chelmsford, MA 01824 - USA
Phone: +1 978 497 3051
Email: tnadeau@cisco.com
Kwok Ho Chan
Nortel Networks
600 Technology Park Drive
Billerica, MA 01821 - USA
Phone: +1 978 288 8175
Email: khchan@nortelnetworks.com
Mohamed Boucadair
France Telecom
42, rue des Coutures
BP 6243
14066 Caen Cedex 4 - FRANCE
Phone: +33 2 31 75 92 31
Email: mohamed.boucadair@francetelecom.com
Arnaud Gonguet
Alcatel
Route de Nozay
91460 Marcoussis cedex - FRANCE
Phone: +33 1 69 63 42 17
Email: arnaud.gonguet@alcatel.fr
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