Internet Draft: Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail R. Gellens Document: draft-ietf-lemonade-mms-mapping-00.txt Qualcomm Expires: January 2005 July 2004Mapping Between the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
and Internet Mail
Status of this Memo By submitting this Internet-Draft, I certify that any applicable patent or other IPR claims of which I am aware have been disclosed and any of which I become aware will be disclosed, in accordance with RFC 3668 (BCP 79). By submitting this Internet-Draft, I accept the provisions of Section 3 of RFC 3667 (BCP 78). Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet- Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved. Abstract The cellular telephone industry has defined a service known as the Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS). This service uses formats and protocols which are similar to, but differ in key ways from those used in Internet mail. Gellens [Page 1] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 This document specifies how to exchange messages between these two services, including mapping information elements as used in MMS X-Mms-* headers as well as delivery and disposition reports, to and from that used in ESMTP and Internet message headers. Gellens [Page 2] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Table of Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Conventions Used in this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.4 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.5 Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1 Mapping Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.1 MMS to Internet Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.2 Internet Mail to MMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.3 MMS Information Element Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.3.1 Table 1: MM3 Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.1.3.2 Conversion of messages from MMS to Internet format 10 2.1.3.2.1 Table 2: Importance Mappings (MMS to Internet 13 2.1.3.2.2 Table 3: X-Priority Mappings (MMS to Internet 13 2.1.3.3 Conversion of messages from Internet to MMS format 16 2.1.3.3.1 Table 4: Priority Mappings (Internet Message t 18 2.1.4 Report Generation and Conversion . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.1.4.1 Delivery Report Mapping from MMS to Internet Messa 20 2.1.4.1.1 Table 5: Delivery Report Mappings (MMS to Inte 20 2.1.4.2 Delivery Report Mapping from Internet Message to M 22 2.1.4.2.1 Table 6: Delivery Report Mappings (Internet Me 22 2.1.4.3 Read Report Mapping from MMS to Internet Message . 23 2.1.4.3.1 Table 7: Read Report Mappings (MMS to Internet 23 2.1.4.4 Disposition Report Mapping from Internet Message t 24 2.1.4.4.1 Table 8: Disposition Report Mappings (Internet 24 2.1.5 Message Delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 3 Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 4 Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 5 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 6 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Intellectual Property Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This specification describes how to exchange messages with Internet mail systems. This includes translation between MMS (as defined by 3GPP/3GPP2/OMA) and Internet Mail messages using Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol [SMTP] and Internet message format [Msg-Fmt]. This also includes translation between delivery and disposition reports as used in MMS and in Internet mail ([DSN-Msg] and [MDN]). Gellens [Page 3] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 The MMS architecture [Stage_2] and specifications [Stage_3] refer to interfaces as reference points named MMx. For example, MM1 is the client-server interface, MM4 is the server-server interface, and MM3 is an interface to "external" or non-MMS systems. The specification in this document can be used for message exchange between any system which uses Internet Message formats and protocols and an MMS system; from the perspective of the MMS system, reference point MM3 is used. Note that MM3 can also be used for interworking with "external" (non-MMS) systems other than Internet mail, such as Short Messaging Service (SMS) and access to external mail stores (such as a voice mail system). This specification does not address these other uses or sub-interfaces of MM3; it is only concerned with Internet mail interworking and specifically exchange of messages. All MM3 Stage 2 [Stage_2] functions are supported except for reply charging. Sender address hiding may be used but is not recommended without security assurances which are beyond the scope of this specification (see Section 3).1.2 Conventions Used in this Document
The key words "REQUIRED", "MUST", "MUST NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", and "MAY" in this document are to be interpreted as described in "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels" [KEYWORDS]. Note that in the text of this document, a distinction is made between use of "SMTP" or "Simple Mail Transfer Protocol", and "ESMTP" or "Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol": when the term "ESMTP" or "Extended" is used, it indicates use of extended features of SMTP; that is, those beyond the facilities of RFC 821. (These extended facilities may be in RFC 2821 or in other RFCs, as indicated by the specific RFC reference used; note that the name of the RFC 2821 reference is "SMTP" because that is the official title of the RFC.)1.3 Definitions
--------------------|---------------------------------------------- Anonymous Remailer |A service which accepts messages and resends |them to their intended recipient, masking |information about the original sender. --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Body |The portion of an SMTP message's Content |following the Header (that is, following the |first blank line). The Body may contain Gellens [Page 4] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 |structured parts and sub-parts, each of which |may have their own Header and Body. The Body |contains information intended for the message |recipient (human or software). --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Content |The portion of an SMTP message that is |delivered. The Content consists of a Header |and a Body. --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Disposition Report |Feedback information to an originator User |Agent by a recipient User Agent about Message Disposition |handling of an original message. This may Notification |include notification that the message was or |was not read, was deleted unread, etc. --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Envelope |The portion of an SMTP message not included in |the Content; that is, not in the Header nor in |the Body. Envelope information only exists |while the message is in transit, and contains |information used by SMTP agents (MTAs). --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Header |The first part of an SMTP message's Content. |The Header is separated from the Body by a |blank line. The Header consists of Fields |(such as "To:"), also known as Header Fields |or Headers. The message Header contains |information used by User Agents. --------------------|---------------------------------------------- Gateway Function |An agent which acts as both MMSC and MTA |and/or MSA. --------------------|---------------------------------------------- User Agent |An MMS or Email user agent --------------------|----------------------------------------------1.4 Abbreviations
--------|---------------------------------------------------------- ESMTP |Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. The use of |features and capabilities added to SMTP since RFC 821. --------|---------------------------------------------------------- MSA |Message Submission Agent. A server which accepts messages |from User Agents and processes them; either delivering |them locally or relaying to an MTA. --------|---------------------------------------------------------- MTA |Mail Transfer Agent. A server which implements [SMTP]. --------|---------------------------------------------------------- Gellens [Page 5] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 20041.5 Assumptions
It is assumed that the reader is already familiar with the contents of the 3GPP2 MMS Specification Overview [Overview], MMS Stage 1 (requirements) [Stage_1] and Stage 2 (architecture and abstract messages) [Stage_2], and 3GPP/3GPP2 Stage 3 (protocols) [Stage_3] documents. It is also assumed that the reader is familiar with Internet mail, especially RFC 2821 [SMTP] and RFC 2822 [Msg-Fmt].2 Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail
This section defines the interworking between MMS Relay/Servers and External Servers using native ESMTP. That is, information elements are exchanged using standard Internet Message [Msg-Fmt] header fields and standard [SMTP] elements. SMTP and Internet mail extensions are used for features such as delivery reports, message expiration, discovery of server support for optional features, etc.2.1 Mapping Specification
2.1.1 MMS to Internet Mail
When sending a message to an Internet mail system the MMS Relay/Server MUST convert the MM if required, and MUST comply with the requirements of [SMTP] (for example, use of a null return-path for automatically-generated messages). The MMS Relay/Server SHOULD use the information elements associated with the MM to define the control information (Internet Message header fields and ESMTP values) needed for the transfer protocol. Section 2.1.3 lists the mappings between X-Mms-* headers and Internet Message header fields and ESMTP values. Delivery and read report MMs SHOULD be converted to standard Internet Message report format (multipart/report). In addition to converting Internet Message reports, the MMS Relay/Server MUST generate delivery and read report MMs for received messages as appropriate. See section 2.1.4 for more information.2.1.2 Internet Mail to MMS
Gellens [Page 6] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 When receiving a message from an Internet mail system the MMS Relay/Server MAY convert incoming messages to the MM format used within the receiving system. The MMS Relay/Server MAY convert control information received from the Internet mail server into appropriate information elements of an MM. Section 2.1.3 lists the mappings between X-Mms-* headers and Internet Message header fields and ESMTP values. Standard Internet Message report format (multipart/report) messages MAY be converted to delivery or read report MMs, as appropriate. In addition to converting report MMs, the MMS Relay/Server MUST generate standard Internet Message delivery and disposition reports for received Internet messages as appropriate. See section 2.1.4 for more information. Gellens [Page 7] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 20042.1.3 MMS Information Element Mappings
The mappings between MMS elements and ESMTP/Internet Message elements (either [SMTP] parameters, [Msg-Fmt] headers, or both) are summarized in the table below, and detailed in subsequent sections. The "MMS Headers" are from [OMA-MMS]. Note that only information elements which need to be mapped are listed. [Msg-Fmt] headers not listed here SHOULD be passed unaltered2.1.3.1 Table 1:
MM3 Mappings =================|=================|================|============== Information Elem |[SMTP] Element |[Msg-Fmt] Header|MMS Header =================|=================|================|============== 3GPP MMS Version |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-Version: | | | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Message Type |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-Message- (of PDU) | | | Type: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Transaction ID |N/A |N/A |X-Mms-Transact | | | ion-Id: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Message ID |ENVID [DSN-SMTP] |Message-ID: |X-Mms-Message- | | | Id: | | |Message-ID: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Recipient |RCPT TO |To:, Cc:, or |To:, Cc:, Bcc: address(es) |address(es) |omitted (Bcc) | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Sender's address |MAIL FROM |From: (MAY set |From: |address if |to locally-gen- | |user-originated; |erated value | |MUST set MAIL |to hide sender | |FROM to null |identity in | |("<>") for all |anonymous mes- | |automatically- |sages when | |generated MMs |receiving sys- | | |tem does not | | |support anony- | | |mous messages) | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Content type |N/A |Content-Type: |Content-type: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Message class |Class=auto: |MAY set 'Prece |X-Mms-Message- |MUST set MAIL | dence: bulk' | Class: |FROM to null |on class=auto | |("<>"). | | =================|=================|================|============== Gellens [Page 8] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 =================|=================|================|============== Information Elem |RFC 2821 Element |RFC 2822 Header |MMS Header =================|=================|================|============== Date and time |N/A |Date: |Date: of submission | | | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Time of expiry |DELIVER-BY |N/A |X-Mms-Expiry: |[Deliver-By] | | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Earliest deliv- |(only for submis-|N/A |X-Mms-Delivery ery time |sion; not relay) | | -Time: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Delivery report |DSN [DSN-SMTP] |N/A |X-Mms-Delivery request |SHOULD also | | -Report: |specify recip- | | |ient address as | | |ORCPT; SHOULD | | |also specify | | |ENVID | | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Importance (a/k/a|N/A |Importance: |X-Mms- "priority") | |X-Priority: | Priority: | | | | | | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Sender visib- |X-ANONYMOUS (see |N/A |X-Mms-Sender- ility |text below) | | Visibility: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Read reply |N/A |Disposition- |X-Mms-Read- request | | Notification | Reply: | | -To: [MDN] | _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply- permission |supported) |supported) | Charging: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply- permission |supported) |supported) | Charging- deadline | | | Deadline: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply- permission |supported) |supported) | Charging- limitation | | | Size: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply- usage request |supported) |supported) | Charging- | | | Id: =================|=================|================|============== Gellens [Page 9] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 =================|=================|================|============== Information Elem |RFC 2821 Element |RFC 2822 Header |MMS Header =================|=================|================|============== Reply-charging |(not currently |(not currently |X-Mms-Reply- usage reference |supported) |supported) | Charging: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Subject |N/A |Subject: |Subject: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Forward counter |N/A |Resent-Count: |(Not sup- | | |ported) _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Previously-sent- |N/A |Resent-From: |X-Mms-Previous by | | | ly-Sent-By: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Previously-sent- |N/A |Resent-Date: |X-Mms- date and-time | | | Previously- | | | Sent-Date: _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Hop/host trace |N/A |Received: |(Not sup- | | |ported) _________________|_________________|________________|______________ Content |N/A |<message body> |<message body> =================|=================|================|==============2.1.3.2 Conversion of messages from MMS to Internet format
3GPP MMS Version The 'X-Mms-Version:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Message Type (of PDU) The 'X-Mms-Message-Type:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Transaction ID The 'X-Mms-Transaction-Id:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Message ID An 'X-Mms-Message-Id:' header, if present, SHOULD be retained. The 'Message-Id:' header MUST be retained. If not present it MUST be created, with a unique value. If an 'X-Mms-Message-Id:' header is present and a 'Message-Id:' header is not, the value of the 'X-Mms-Message-Id:' header MAY be used in creating the 'Message-Id:' header. Gellens [Page 10] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 The message ID SHOULD be transmitted in the ESMTP envelope as the ENVID parameter, as specified in [DSN-SMTP]. Recipient(s) address The address of each recipient MUST be transmitted in the SMTP envelope as a RCPT TO value. All disclosed recipients SHOULD also appear in a 'To:' or 'Cc:' header. At least one 'To:' or 'Cc:' header MUST be present. If all recipients are undisclosed, a 'To:' header MAY be created that contains a comment, for example 'To: (undisclosed recipients)'. The 'To:' header SHOULD NOT appear more than once. The 'Cc:' header SHOULD NOT appear more than once. Each recipient address MUST obey the length restrictions per [SMTP]. Current Internet message format requires that only 7-bit US-ASCII characters be present in addresses. Other characters (for example, non-7-bit characters in a phrase part of an address header) MUST be encoded according to [Hdr-Enc]. Note that it would be possible to define an SMTP extension to permit transmission of unencoded 8-bit characters, but in the absence of such an extension [Hdr-Enc] MUST be used. Sender address The address of the message sender SHOULD appear in the 'From:' header, unless address hiding has been requested. If address hiding has been requested, the 'From:' header MAY contain a comment to this effect, for example, 'From: (anonymous sender)'. The address of the message sender for all user-generated messages ('X-Mms-Message-Class: Personal') SHOULD be transmitted in the SMTP envelope as the MAIL FROM value unless address hiding has been requested and the receiving server is not known and trusted to support address hiding. The 'From:' header and the MAIL FROM value MAY be set to a locally-generated value to hide the sender identity in anonymous messages when the receiving system does not support anonymous messages. Locally generated addresses MAY be internally mapped to the actual address to allow replies to anonymous messages, but such mapping is beyond the scope of this specification. Because of the risk of mail loops, it is critical that the MAIL FROM be set to null ("<>") for all automatically-generated MMs (such as 'X-Mms-Message-Class: Auto'). The MAIL FROM value MUST be set to null for all automatically-generated messages. This includes reports, "out-of-office" replies, etc. Gellens [Page 11] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Current Internet message format requires that only 7-bit US-ASCII characters be present in addresses. Other characters (for example, non-7-bit characters in a phrase part of an address header) MUST be encoded according to [Hdr-Enc]. Note that it would be possible to define an SMTP extension to permit transmission of unencoded 8-bit characters, but in the absence of such an extension [Hdr-Enc] MUST be used. The sender address MUST obey the length restrictions of [SMTP]. Content type The 'Content-Type:' header SHOULD be preserved. Content types not in widespread use in the Internet MAY be converted into those that are, when such conversion can be done without significant loss of content. For example, SMIL messages MAY be converted into widely-supported multipart/related with multipart/html. Message class The 'X-Mms-Message-Class:' header MAY be retained. A 'Precedence: bulk' header MAY be inserted for class=auto or class=advertisement. See 'Sender Address' above. (Class=personal and class=informational do not require special handling.) Time of Expiry The 'X-Mms-Expiry:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. The remaining time until the message is considered expired SHOULD be transmitted in the ESMTP envelope by using the DELIVER-BY extension, as specified in [Deliver-By]. Note that the ESMTP DELIVER-BY extension carries time remaining until expiration; each server decrements the value by the amount of time it has possessed the message. The 'X-Mms-Expiry:' header may contain either the absolute time at which the message is considered expired or the relative time until the message is considered expired. Earliest delivery time The 'X-Mms-Delivery-Time:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Future delivery is a message submission, not message relay feature. Gellens [Page 12] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Delivery report request Requests for delivery status notifications (DSNs) SHOULD be transmitted in the ESMTP envelope by using the DSN extension as specified in [DSN-SMTP] to request "success" or "none" notification (depending on the value of the 'X-Mms-Delivery-Report' header). When the NOTIFY extension is used, the unaltered recipient address SHOULD be transmitted as the ORCPT value, and the original message ID SHOULD be transmitted as the ENVID value. The 'X-Mms-Delivery-Report:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Importance The message sender's importance value (also called "priority", although this can be confused with class-of-service values) SHOULD be transmitted using an 'Importance:' header (although currently not all Internet mail clients support this header). An 'X-Priority:' header MAY be used in addition. Although not standardized, most email applications support the 'X-Priority:' header, and use an 'X-Priority' value of 3 for messages with "normal" priority. More important messages have lower values and less important message have higher values. In most cases, urgent messages have an X-Priority value of 1. Suggested mappings:2.1.3.2.1 Table 2:
Importance Mappings (MMS to Internet Message) ---------------------------|------------------ 'X-Mms-Priority: High' |'Importance: High' ---------------------------|------------------ 'X-Mms-Priority: Normal' |[omit] ---------------------------|------------------ 'X-Mms-Priority: Low' |'Importance: Low' ---------------------------|------------------ Normal priority messages should omit the 'Importance:' header.2.1.3.2.2 Table 3:
X-Priority Mappings (MMS to Internet Message) ---------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Mms-Priority: High' |'X-Priority: 2 (high)' ---------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Mms-Priority: Normal |[omit] ---------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Mms-Priority: Low |'X-Priority: 4 (low)' ---------------------------|---------------------- Gellens [Page 13] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Normal priority messages SHOULD omit the 'X-Priority:' header. The 'X-Mms-Priority:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Sender visibility Requests for sender address hiding may be transmitted in the ESMTP envelope by using the X-ANONYMOUS extension. The request is made by adding "X-ANONYMOUS" to the MAIL FROM command. Servers which support address hiding may advertise this by including X-ANONYMOUS in their EHLO response. Note that even if servers claim to support address hiding, there is no technical guarantee that it will be properly honored; servers MUST NOT trust other servers to support this without a basis which is beyond the scope of this specification (such as business relationships). The 'X-Mms-Sender-Visibility:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Read reply request A request for a read reply SHOULD be transmitted using a 'Disposition-Notification-To:' header as specified in [MDN]. The 'X-Mms-Read-Reply:' header, if present, SHOULD be removed. Reply-charging Reply charging permission and acceptance are complex issues requiring both user agent and server support. Misapplied reply charging may cause incorrect billing. Until the security issues have been properly addressed, reply charging SHOULD NOT be honored when using this interface. The 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging:', 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging-Deadline:', 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging-Size:', and 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging-Id:' headers MAY be removed. Messages containing a reply-charging usage request ('X-Mms-Reply-Charging-Id:' and 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging: accepted' or 'X-Mms-Reply-Charging: accepted (text only)' headers) SHOULD be rejected. Subject The 'Subject:' header MUST be preserved. Current Internet message format requires that only 7-bit US-ASCII characters be present. Other characters must be encoded according to [Hdr-Enc]. Note that it would be possible to define an SMTP extension to permit Gellens [Page 14] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 transmission of unencoded 8-bit characters, but in the absence of such an extension [Hdr-Enc] must be used. Resending/Forwarding In MMS a message may be resent or forwarded, the difference being that if the message has been downloaded then sending it to another address is considered forwarding, while sending a message that has not been downloaded is considered to be resending. In Internet mail there are two primary ways of sending a previously received message to a new recipient: forwarding and resending. Forwarding is when a user creates a new message containing the original message, either simply embedded within the text, or delineated. Embedded messages generally have each original line preceded by a quote symbol ('>'), surround the original text with a preceding and trailing line which starts with hyphens as per [Msg-Encap], such as '--- begin forwarded text' and '--- end forwarded text', or encapsulate the original message as a 'message/rfc822' content type, perhaps within a 'multipart/mixed' message. (This last method offers more robust delineation.) Resending is when the original message is unaltered except for the addition of 'Resent-' headers to explain the resending to the new recipient. A message may be resent more than once; each time new 'Resent-' headers SHOULD be added at the top of the message. Thus, if more than one series of 'Resent-' headers are present, the original series is the last; the most recent is the first. Forward counter The 'Resent-Count:' header MAY be used to track the number of times the message has been resent. Note that loop control is often done by counting 'Received' headers, which are more general than 'Resent-' headers. Previously-sent Information A 'Resent-From:' header MAY be added to indicate the address of the user who directed the message to be resent. A 'Resent-Date:' header SHOULD be added to indicate the time and date that the message was resent. Any 'X-Mms-Previously-Sent-By:' and 'X-Mms-Previously-Sent-Date' headers, if present, SHOULD be removed. The information contained in them SHOULD be translated into 'From:', 'Resent-To:', 'Resent-From:', 'Resent-Date:', and 'Resent-Count:' headers. The Gellens [Page 15] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 original sender of the message SHOULD appear in the 'From:' header; the original recipient(s) SHOULD appear in the 'To:' header; the time and date the message was originally sent SHOULD appear in the 'Date:' header. The most recent sender SHOULD appear in the top-most 'Resent-From:' header; the most recent recipient(s) SHOULD appear in the top-most 'Resent-To:' header; the time and date the message was most recently sent SHOULD appear in the top-most 'Resent-Date:' header. 'Received:' Headers Each system that processes a message SHOULD add a 'Received:' header as per [SMTP]. A message MAY be rejected if the number of 'Received:' headers exceeds a locally-defined maximum, which MUST conform to [SMTP] section 6.2 and SHOULD be no less than 100. Content The message content appears in the message body. Note that Internet message format requires that line-endings be encoded as CR LF, thus charset encodings that do not have this property cannot be used in text/* body parts. (They MAY be used in other body parts, but only when they are suitable encoded or when binary transmission has been negotiated.) In particular, MMS allows UTF-16, while Internet message format does not. UTF-16 encoding MUST be transcoded to UTF-8 or another charset and encoding which is suitable for use in Internet message format/protocols.2.1.3.3 Conversion of messages from Internet to MMS format
3GPP MMS Version An 'X-Mms-Mms-Version:' header SHOULD be added. Message Type (of PDU) An 'X-Mms-Message-Type:' header SHOULD be used in accordance with the specific MMS interface (e.g., MM1, MM4). Transaction ID An 'X-Mms-Transaction-Id:' header SHOULD be used in accordance with the specific MMS interface (e.g., MM1, MM4). Message ID Gellens [Page 16] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 The 'Message-Id:' header MUST be retained. If not present it MUST be created, with a unique value. If the 'Message-Id:' header does not exist, but the SMTP envelop contains an ENVID value (as specified in [DSN-SMTP]), it MAY be used to construct the value. Recipient(s) address 'To:' and 'Cc:' headers MUST be retained. Each recipient contained in the SMTP envelope (RCPT TO values) MUST be considered a recipient of the message. Recipients who appear in address headers but not the SMTP envelope MUST be ignored. Recipients who appear in the [SMTP] envelope but do not appear in headers are considered "blind" (Bcc) recipients; such recipients MUST NOT be added to message headers (including address and trace headers) unless there is only one recipient total. Sender address The 'From:' header MUST be retained. If address hiding has been requested, the 'From:' header MAY contain a comment to this effect, for example, 'From: (anonymous sender)'. Content type The complete 'Content-Type:' header (including any parameters) SHOULD be preserved. Message class An X-Mms-Message-Class: personal' header SHOULD be created for all received messages with a non-null return path (MAIL FROM value in the SMTP envelope). An X-Mms-Message-Class: auto' header MAY be created for messages with a null return path. Time of Expiry An 'x-Mms-Expiry:' header SHOULD be created if the message contains a relative time to expiration in the DELIVER-BY extension, as specified in [Deliver-By]. Earliest delivery time An 'X-Mms-Delivery-Time:' header SHOULD NOT be created. If a message arrives via ESMTP relay containing an earliest time of delivery in the AFTER extension, it MAY be rejected. If a message is submitted via Message Submission [Submission] containing an earliest time of delivery in the AFTER extension, it MUST either be Gellens [Page 17] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 retained until the delivery time arrives, or it may be immediately rejected. It MUST NOT be delivered or further relayed prior to the delivery time. Delivery report request An 'X-Mms-Delivery-Report:' header SHOULD be created for messages which request 'success' or 'none' delivery status notification by use of the DSN extension as specified in [DSN-SMTP]. Requests for 'delay' notifications or non-default actions, such as that only the message headers should be returned, cannot be mapped onto MMS headers and thus SHOULD be ignored. Priority An 'X-Priority:' or 'Importance:' header, if present, SHOULD be replaced with an 'X-Mms-Priority:' header. Suggested mappings:2.1.3.3.1 Table 4:
Priority Mappings (Internet Message to MMS) -------------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Priority: 1 (highest)' |'X-Mms-Priority: High' -------------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Priority: 2 (high)' |'X-Mms-Priority: High' -------------------------------|---------------------- 'Importance: High' |'X-Mms-Priority: High' -------------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Priority: 3 (normal)' | [omitted] -------------------------------|---------------------- 'Importance: Normal' | [omitted] -------------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Priority: 4 (low)' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low' -------------------------------|---------------------- 'Importance: Low' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low' -------------------------------|---------------------- 'X-Priority: 5 (lowest)' |'X-Mms-Priority: Low' -------------------------------|---------------------- Normal priority messages SHOULD omit the 'X-Mms-Priority:' header. Sender visibility Requests for sender address hiding MAY be received in the SMTP envelope by the X-ANONYMOUS extension. Servers which support address hiding MAY advertise this by including X-ANONYMOUS in their EHLO response. A message received which includes X-ANONYMOUS in the MAIL FROM command has requested address hiding. Gellens [Page 18] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Note that even if servers claim to support address hiding, there is no technical guarantee that it will be properly honored; servers SHOULD NOT trust other servers to support this without a basis which is beyond the scope of this specification (such as business relationships). Requests for sender address hiding MAY be reflected in the created MM by adding an 'X-Mms-Sender-Visibility:' header. Read reply request A request for a read reply contained in a 'Disposition-Notification-To:' header as specified in [MDN] SHOULD be replaced with an 'X-Mms-Read-Reply:' header. Subject The 'Subject:' header MUST be preserved. Resending/Forwarding One or more sets of 'Resent-' headers, if present, SHOULD be mapped to 'To:', 'From:', 'Date:', and 'X-Mms-Previously-Sent-' headers. 'Received:' Headers Each system that processes a message SHOULD add a 'Received:' header as per [SMTP]. A message MAY be rejected if the number of 'Received:' headers exceeds a locally-defined maximum, which MUST conform to [SMTP] section 6.2 and SHOULD be no less than 100. Content The message content appears in the message body.2.1.4 Report Generation and Conversion
Internet Message systems use the multipart/report MIME type for delivery and disposition reports (often called "read reports") as specified in [Report-Fmt]. This format is a two- or three-part MIME message; one part is a structured format describing the event being reported in an easy-to-parse format. Specific reports have a format which is built on [Report-Fmt]. Delivery reports are specified in [DSN-Msg]. Message disposition reports, which include read reports, are specified in [MDN]. Gellens [Page 19] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 By contrast, MMS reports are plain text, with no defined structure specified. This makes it difficult to convert from an MMS report to a standard Internet report. An MMS Relay/Server supporting Internet Message exchange using MM3 MUST convert reports received from one side (MMS or Internet mail) destined for the other. In addition, reports MUST be generated as appropriate for messages received from either side of the MM3 interface. For example, if an MM to be sent via MM3 is not deliverable, a delivery status MM shall be generated. Likewise, if an Internet message is received via MM3 that cannot be further relayed or delivered, a delivery status report [DSN-Msg] MUST be generated. When creating delivery or disposition reports from MMS reports, the MMS report should be parsed to determine the reported event and time, status, and the headers of the referenced (original) message. These elements, once determined, are used to populate the subparts of the delivery or disposition report. The first subpart is of type text/plain, and contains a human-readable explanation of the event. This text may include a statement that the report was synthesized based on an MMS report. The second subpart is of type report/delivery-status (for delivery reports) or report/disposition-notification (for disposition reports). This second part contains a structured itemization of the event. The third subpart is of type message/rfc822 and includes the headers and optionally the body of the referenced (original) message.2.1.4.1 Delivery Report Mapping from MMS to Internet Message
The following table maps information elements from MMS delivery reports to the format specified in [DSN-Msg].2.1.4.1.1 Table 5:
Delivery Report Mappings (MMS to Internet Message) ======================|============|=================================== Information Element |MMS Delivery|[DSN-Msg] Element |Report Elem | ======================|============|=================================== ID of message whose |Message-Id: |'Original-Envelope-ID' field of delivery status is | |per-message fields (use value of being reported | |ENVID from ESMTP envelope if avail- | |able, 'Message-ID:' otherwise). ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Recipient address of |From: |'Final-Recipient' field of the the original message | |per-recipient section (object of delivery | | report) | | Gellens [Page 20] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Destination address of|To: |'To:' header field value of top- report | |level. | | | |Value taken from [SMTP] envelope | |return-path of message being | |reported, not its 'From:' header | |field. ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of top- message was handled | |level ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Delivery status of |X-Mms- |Action and Status fields of original message | Status: |per-recipient section. | | | |The 'Action' field indicates if the | |message was delivered. | | | |For failed delivery an appropriate | |'Status' value shall be included | |per [DSN-Msg]. | | | |The Action field is set to one of | |the following values: | | | |* delivered (used for MMS status | |values 'retrieved' and 'rejected', | |depending on 'Status' code). | | | |* failed (used for MMS status | |values 'expired' and 'unreachable') | | | |* delayed MAY be used for MMS | |status value 'deferred' | | | |* relayed (used for MMS status | |value 'indeterminate') | | | |* expanded (SHOULD NOT be used) ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Status Text | |Text in first part (human-readable | |part) ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- When an MMS Relay/Server generates a [DSN-Msg] in response to a message received using [SMTP] on MM3: Gellens [Page 21] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 * Top-level header field 'To:' SHOULD be the [SMTP] return-path of the message whose status is being reported. * Top-level header field 'From:' SHOULD be the address of the recipient that the delivery-report concerns. * The first part of the [DSN-Msg] SHOULD include the MM Status Text field that would have been generated for an MM1 delivery-report.2.1.4.2 Delivery Report Mapping from Internet Message to MMS
The following table maps information elements from a delivery report as specified in [DSN-Msg] to the format of an MMS delivery report.2.1.4.2.1 Table 6:
Delivery Report Mappings (Internet Message to MMS) ===================|==================|================================ Information Element|MMS Delivery |[DSN=Msg] Element |Report Element | ===================|==================|================================ ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Original-Envelope-ID' field of message (object of | |per-message fields. If not delivery report) | |available, the 'Message-ID' | |header field of the message | |being reported, if included in | |the third part, may be | |substituted. -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Recipient address |From: |If available, the 'Original of the original | |-Recipient' field of the per- message (object of | |recipient section should be delivery report) | |used; otherwise the 'Final- | |Recipient' field of the per- | |recipient section is used -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Destination address|To: |'To:' header field value of of report | |top-level. | | | |Value taken from [SMTP] envelope | |return-path of message being | |reported, not its 'From:' header | |field. -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of message was handled| |top-level -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Delivery status of |X-Mms-Status: |'Action' and 'Status' fields of original message | |per-recipient section Gellens [Page 22] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 |Set to one of the | |following values: | | | |'retrieved' (used | |for 'Action' value| |'delivered'). | | | |'unreachable' | |(used for 'Action'| |value 'failed') | | | |'forwarded' (used | |for 'Action' value| |'relayed') | | | |'deferred' MUST | |NOT be used | |(ignore DSNs with | |'Action' value | |'delayed') | -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Status Text | |Text in first part (human- | |readable part) ===================|==================|================================2.1.4.3 Read Report Mapping from MMS to Internet Message
The following table maps information elements from MMS read reports to the format specified in [MDN].2.1.4.3.1 Table 7:
Read Report Mappings (MMS to Internet Message) ======================|============|=================================== Information Element |MMS Delivery|[DSN-Msg] Element |Report Elem | ======================|============|=================================== ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Original-Envelope-ID' field (use message (object of | |value of ENVID from ESMTP envelope read report) | |if available, 'Message-ID:' | |otherwise). ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Recipient address of |From: |'Final-Recipient' field the original message | | ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Destination address of|To: |'To:' header field value of top- report | |level. | | | |Value taken from 'Disposition- Gellens [Page 23] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 | |Notification-To:' header field of | |message being reported, not its | |'From:' header field. ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of top- message was handled | |level ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Disposition of message|X-Mms-Read- |Disposition-field being reported | Status: | | |For MMS-Read-Status value 'read', | |use 'disposition-type' value | |'displayed'; for MMS-Read-Status | |value 'Deleted without being read', | |use 'disposition-type' value | |'deleted') ----------------------|------------|----------------------------------- Status Text | |Text in first part (human-readable | |part) ======================|============|=================================== When an MMS Relay/Server generates an [MDN] in response to a message received using ESMTP on MM3: * Top-level header field 'To:' SHOULD be the value of the 'Disposition-Notification-To:' header field of the message whose disposition is being reported . * Top-level header field 'From:' SHOULD be the address of the recipient that the read report concerns.2.1.4.4 Disposition Report Mapping from Internet Message to MMS
The following table maps information elements from a disposition report as specified in [MDN] to the format of an MMS read report.2.1.4.4.1 Table 8:
Disposition Report Mappings (Internet Message to MMS) ===================|==================|================================ Information Element|MMS Read Report |[DSN=Msg] Element |Element | ===================|==================|================================ ID of the original |Message-Id: |'Original-Envelope-ID' field message (object of | | disposition report)| | -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Recipient address |From: |'Final-Recipient' field of the original | | Gellens [Page 24] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 message | | -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Destination address|To: |'To:' header field value of of report | |top-level. | | | |Value taken from 'Disposition- | |Notification-To:' header field | |of message being reported, not | |its 'From:' header field. -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Date and time the |Date: |'Date:' header field value of message was handled| |top-level -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Disposition of |X-Mms-Read-Status:|disposition-field message being | | reported |Set to one of the | |following values: | | | |'read' (used for | |disposition-type | |value 'displayed')| | | |'Deleted without | |being read' (used | |for disposition- | |types 'deleted', | |'denied' and | |'failed' when | |action-mode is | |'automatic- | |action') | -------------------|------------------|-------------------------------- Status Text | |Text in first part (human- | |readable part) ===================|==================|================================2.1.5 Message Delivery
Within Internet mail, when ESMTP is used and delivery reports are requested [DSN-SMTP], delivery is considered to be acceptance of a message by the final server, that is, the server closest to the recipient. When an MMS Relay/Server receives a message using ESMTP and a delivery report is requested, the MMS Relay/Server MAY consider the message delivered when it has been sent to the MMS User Agent. Gellens [Page 25] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 20043 Security Considerations
Data contained within messages should not be automatically trusted. Even within a carrier's network, and certainly within the Internet, various deliberate and accidental attacks or corruptions are possible. For example, routers may contain vulnerabilities which may be exploited, IP traffic may be intercepted and/or modified, etc. The following messaging-related security threats can be identified: * Misidentification of message source. * Message interception (unauthorized disclosure of contents). * Unauthorized disclosure of message sender or recipient. * Message modification (by adversary). * Message replay. * Traffic analysis (determining who is communicating with whom). There are existing mechanisms used to protect email traffic against some of these threats, such as: * Use of SSL/TLS (via [StartTLS]) to address disclosure and modification in transit between adjacent servers. * SMTP Authentication [Auth] to protect against misidentification of message source. * Use of end-to-end security mechanisms such as [PGP] or S/MIME [SMIME] to protect message contents. * Use of [IPSec] to protect against disclosure or modification in transit between servers. These mechanisms SHOULD be employed whenever the required infrastructure is available, e.g., a certificate infrastructure is necessary to support S/MIME, or user agent support for PGP is available. Enabling SMTP Authentication [Auth] and STARTTLS [StartTLS] are easy measures to deploy and SHOULD be used. Since MMS does not include a clear separation between in-transit envelope and message content, there are increased risks of unauthorized disclosure of information, and additional challenges in protecting data. For example, Bcc recipients do not normally appear in the message content, only in the envelope; care MUST be taken in Gellens [Page 26] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 the gateway function to ensure that Bcc recipients which do appear are deleted from the message content. Some MMS features contain inherently more risk than others. For example, reply charging and sender address hiding. The reply charging mechanism requires a high degree of trust between entities with little technical basis. Deliberate or accidental abuse of this trust can result in unexpected or unauthorized charges. For example, a sender may be charged for unauthorized replies, or a sender may be charged for a reply which the author thought would be paid for by the recipient. A sender's identity may be disclosed in violation of a request for this to be blocked. The identity of recipients may be disclosed to other recipients (or even non-recipients) for a message in which the sender intended for the recipients not to be disclosed. It is possible to hide the sender's identity from non-recipients using anonymous remailers. It is hard to hide the sender's identity from recipients when the mail is cryptographically signed. In view of anti-spam measures it may be undesirable to hide the sender's identity. Additional mechanisms can be developed to protect against various threats, however, these are not included in this version of this specification. It is strongly RECOMMENDED that features such as reply charging and sender identity hiding not be used across carrier domains, and be used within carrier domains only with full understanding of the risks involved.4 Normative References
IETF: [DSN-Msg] "An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status Notifications", Moore, Vaudreuil, RFC 3464, January 2003. [DSN-SMTP] "SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications", Moore, RFC 3461, January 2003. [Hdr-Enc] "MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) Part Three: Message Header Extensions for Non-ASCII Text", Moore, RFC 2047, November 1996. [KEYWORDS] Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, Harvard University, March 1997. Gellens [Page 27] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 [MDN] "An Extensible Message Format for Message Disposition Notifications", Fajman, RFC 2298, March 1998. [Msg-Fmt] ÔInternet Message FormatÕ, Resnick, RFC 2822, April 2001. [Report-Fmt] ÔThe Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail System Administrative MessagesÕ, Vaudreuil, RFC 3462, January 2003 [SMTP] ÔSimple Mail Transfer ProtocolÕ, Klensin, RFC 2821, April 2001.5 Informative References
IETF: [Auth] "SMTP Service Extension for Authentication", Myers, RFC 2554, March 1999 [Codes] "SMTP Service Extension for Returning Enhanced Error Codes", Freed, RFC 2034, October 1996. [Deliver-By] "Deliver By SMTP Service Extension", Newman, RFC 2852, June 2000. [Msg-Encap] "Proposed Standard for Message Encapsulation", Rose, Stefferud, RFC 934, January 1985. [Hdrs] "Common Internet Message Headers", J. Palme, RFC 2076, February 1997. [IPSec] "Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol", Kent, Atkinson, RFC 2401, November 1998 [PGP] "MIME Security with OpenPGP", Elkins, Del Torto, Levien, Roessler, RFC 3156, August 2001 [SMIME] "S/MIME Version 3 Message Specification", Ramsdell, RFC 2633, June 1999 [StartTLS] "SMTP Service Extension for Secure SMTP over Transport Layer Security", Hoffman, RFC 3207, February 2002 [Submission] ÔMessage SubmissionÕ, Gellens, Klensin, RFC 2476, December 1998. Gellens [Page 28] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 OMA: OMA specifications are available at the OMA web site <http://www.openmobilealliance.org>. [OMA-MMS] OMA-WAP-MMS-ENC-V1_2-20040323-C 3GPP2 and 3GPP: 3GPP2 specifications are available at the 3GPP2 (Third Generation Partnership Project 2) web site <http://www.3gpp2.org>. 3GPP specifications are available at the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) web site <http://www.3gpp.org> [Stage_3] "MMS MM1 Stage 3 using OMA/WAP", TIA-934-310, X.S0016-310 "MMS MM4 Stage 3 Inter-Carrier Interworking", TIA-934-340, X.S0016-340 ÔMultimedia Messaging Service: Functional description; Stage 2Õ, TS 23.140 Release 5. [Formats] "MMS Media Formats and CodecsÕ, C.P0045, (pending) [Overview] "Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS) Overview", X.S0016-000-B, PN-3-0085-000. [Stage_1] "Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS); Stage 1", Requirements, October 2002, S.R0064-0. [Stage_2] ÔMultimedia Messaging Service (MMS); Stage 2", Functional Specification, April 2003, X.S0016-200/TIA-934-200. "Multimedia Messaging Service; Media formats and codecs", TS26.140Release 5.6 Author's Address
Randall Gellens QUALCOMM Incorporated 5775 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 92121 USA randy@qualcomm.com Gellens [Page 29] Expires January 2005 Internet Draft Mapping Between MMS and Internet Mail July 2004 Intellectual Property Statement The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in this document or the extent to which any license under such rights might or might not be available; neither does it represent that it has made any effort to identify any such rights. Information on the IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11. Copies of claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of such proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can be obtained from the IETF Secretariat. The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice this standard. Please address the information to the IETF Executive Director. Full Copyright Statement Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors retain all their rights. Disclaimer This document and the information contained herein are provided on an "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Gellens [Page 30] Expires January 2005
Datatracker
draft-ietf-lemonade-mms-mapping-00
This is an older version of an Internet-Draft that was ultimately published as RFC 4356.
