Network Working Group                                    T. Senevirathne
Internet-Draft                                                Consultant
Intended status: Standards Track                                 N. Finn
Expires: October 23, 2016                                  D. Kumar, Ed.
                                                                S. Salam
                                                                   Cisco
                                                              Q. Wu, Ed.
                                                                 M. Wang
                                                                  Huawei
                                                          April 21, 2016


      Generic YANG Data Model for Connection Oriented Operations,
             Administration, and Maintenance(OAM) protocols
                   draft-ietf-lime-yang-oam-model-04

Abstract

   This document presents a base YANG Data model for connection oriented
   OAM protocols.  It provides a technology-independent abstraction of
   key OAM constructs for connection oriented protocols.  Based model
   presented here can be extended to include technology specific
   details.  This is leading to uniformity between OAM protocols and
   support nested OAM workflows (i.e., performing OAM functions at
   different levels through a unified interface).

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 23, 2016.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.




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   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.1.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
   3.  Architecture of Generic YANG Model for OAM  . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Overview of the OAM Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     4.1.  Maintenance Domain (MD) configuration . . . . . . . . . .   8
     4.2.  Maintenance Association (MA) configuration  . . . . . . .   9
     4.3.  Maintenance Endpoint (MEP) configuration  . . . . . . . .   9
     4.4.  rpc definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
     4.5.  OAM data hierarchy  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  OAM YANG Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
   6.  Base Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     6.1.  MEP Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     6.2.  MEP ID for Base Mode  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     6.3.  Maintenance Domain  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
     6.4.  Maintenance Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  41
   7.  connection-oriented oam yang model applicability  . . . . . .  42
     7.1.  Generic YANG Model extension for TRILL OAM  . . . . . . .  42
       7.1.1.  MD Configuration Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  42
       7.1.2.  MA Configuration Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  43
       7.1.3.  MEP Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . .  44
       7.1.4.  RPC extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  45
     7.2.  Generic YANG Model extension for MPLS-TP OAM  . . . . . .  45
       7.2.1.  MD Configuration Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  46
       7.2.2.  MA Configuration Extension  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  47
       7.2.3.  MEP Configuration Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
       7.2.4.  RPC Extension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
   8.  Note  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  48
   9.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  49
   11. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
   12. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     12.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  50
     12.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  51
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  52




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1.  Introduction

   Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) are important
   networking functions that allow operators to:

   1.  Monitor networks connections (Connectivity Verification,
       Continuity Check).

   2.  Troubleshoot failures (Fault verification and localization).

   3.  Monitor Performance

   An overview of OAM tools is presented at [RFC7276].  Over the years,
   many technologies have developed similar tools for fault verification
   and isolation.

   [IEEE802.1Q] Connectivity Fault Management is a well-established OAM
   standard that is widely adopted for Ethernet networks.  ITU-T
   [Y.1731][Y.1731], MEF Service OAM, MPLS-TP [RFC6371], TRILL
   [RFC7455][RFC7455] all define OAM methods based on manageability
   frame work of [IEEE802.1Q] [IEEE802.1Q]CFM.

   Given the wide adoption of the underlying OAM concepts defined in
   [IEEE802.1Q][IEEE802.1Q] CFM, it is a reasonable choice to develop
   the unified management framework for connection oriented OAM based on
   those concepts.  In this document, we take the
   [IEEE802.1Q][IEEE802.1Q] CFM model and extend it to a technology
   independent framework and build the corresponding YANG model
   accordingly.  The YANG model presented in this document is the base
   model for connection oriented OAM protocols and supports generic
   continuity check, connectivity verification and path discovery.  The
   generic YANG model for connection oriented OAM is designed such that
   it can be extended to cover various connection oriented technologies.
   Technology dependent nodes and RPC (remote process call) commands are
   defined in technology specific YANG models, which use and extend the
   base model defined here.  As an example, VXLAN uses source UDP port
   number for flow entropy, while TRILL uses either MAC addresses, the
   VLAN tag or fine grain label or IP addresses for flow entropy in the
   hashing for multipath selection.  To capture this variation,
   corresponding YANG models would define the applicable structures as
   augmentation to the generic base model presented here.  This
   accomplishes three purposes: first it keeps each YANG model smaller
   and manageable.  Second, it allows independent development of
   corresponding YANG models.  Third, implementations can limit support
   to only the applicable set of YANG models. (e.g.  TRILL RBridge may
   only need to implement Generic model and the TRILL YANG model).





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   All implementations that follow the YANG framework presented in this
   document MUST implement the generic connection oriented YANG model
   presented here.

   The YANG data model presented in this document is generated at the
   management layer.  Encapsulations and state machines may differ
   according to each OAM protocol.  A user who wishes to issues a
   Continuity Check command or a Loop back or initiate a performance
   monitoring session can do so in the same manner regardless of the
   underlying protocol or technology or specific vendor implementation.

   As an example, consider a scenario where Lookback from device A to
   Device B failed.  Between device A and B there are IEEE 802.1 bridges
   a,b and c.  Let's assume a,b and c are using [IEEE802.1Q] CFM.  A
   user upon detecting the Loopback failures may decide to drill down to
   the lower level at the different portion of the path and issue the
   corresponding fault verification (LBM) and fault isolation (LTM)
   tools, using the same API.  This ability to go down to the different
   portion of path at lower level for Fault localization and
   troubleshooting is referred to as "nested OAM workflow" and is a
   useful concept that leads to efficient network troubleshooting and
   maintenance.  The connection oriented OAM YANG model presented in
   this document facilitates that without needing changes to the
   underlying protocols.

2.  Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].

   The following notations are used within the data tree and carry the
   meaning as below.

   Each node is printed as:
















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   <status> <flags> <name> <opts> <type>

   <status> is one of:
        +  for current
        x  for deprecated
        o  for obsolete


   <flags> is one of:

       rw for configuration data
       ro for non-configuration data
       -x for rpcs
       -n for notifications


   <name> is the name of the node

   If the node is augmented into the tree from another module, its name
   is printed as <prefix>:<name>.

   <opts> is one of:

        ?  for an optional leaf or choice
        !  for a presence container
        *  for a leaf-list or list
        [<keys>] for a list's keys

   <type> is the name of the type for leafs and leaf-lists

   In this document, these words will appear with that interpretation
   only when in ALL CAPS.  Lower case uses of these words are not to be
   interpreted as carrying RFC-2119 significance.

2.1.  Terminology

   CCM   - Continuity Check Message [IEEE802.1Q].

   ECMP  - Equal Cost Multipath.

   LBM   - Loopback Message [IEEE802.1Q].

   MP    - Maintenance Point [IEEE802.1Q].

   MEP   - Maintenance End Point [RFC7174] [IEEE802.1Q] [RFC6371].

   MIP   - Maintenance Intermediate Point [RFC7174] [IEEE802.1Q]
         [RFC6371].



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   MA    - Maintenance Association [IEEE802.1Q] [RFC7174].

   MD    - Maintenance Domain [IEEE802.1Q]

   MTV   - Multi-destination Tree Verification Message.

   OAM   - Operations, Administration, and Maintenance [RFC6291].

   TRILL - Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links [RFC6325].

   CFM   - Connectivity Fault Management [RFC7174] [IEEE802.1Q].

   RPC   - Remote Process Call.

   CC    - Continuity Check [RFC7276].  Continuity Checks are used to
         verify that a destination is reachable and therefore also
         referred to as reachability verification.

   CV    - Connectivity Verification [RFC7276].Connectivity
         Verifications are also referred to as path verification and
         used to verify not only that the two MPs are connected, but
         also that they are connected through the expected path,
         allowing detection of unexpected topology changes.

3.  Architecture of Generic YANG Model for OAM

   In this document we define a generic YANG model for connection
   oriented OAM protocols.  The YANG model defined here is generic such
   that other technologies can extend it for technology specific needs.
   The Generic YANG model acts as the root for other OAM YANG models.
   This allows users to traverse between different OAM protocols at ease
   through a uniform API set.  This is also provides a nested OAM
   workflow.  Figure 1 depicts the relationship of different OAM YANG
   models to the Generic YANG Model for connection oriented OAM.  The
   Generic YANG model for OAM provides a framework where technology-
   specific YANG models can inherit constructs from the base YANG models
   without needing to redefine them within the sub-technology.

   Figure 1 depicts relationship of different YANG modules.












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                            +----------+
                            |Connection|
                            | Oriented |
                            |  gen     |
                            |OAM YANG  |
                            +-+-+-+-+-++
                                 |
                                 |
                                 |
         +------------------------------------------+
         |                       |                  |
     +-+-+-+-+-+          +-+-+-+-+-+          +-+-+-+-+-+
     | TRILL   |          | MPLS-TP |     . . .|  foo    |
     |OAM YANG |          |OAM YANG |          |OAM YANG |
     +-+-+-+-+-+          +-+-+-+-+-+          +-+-+-+-+-+
           |                    |                  |
           |                    |              +-+-+-+-+-+
           |                    |         . . .|  foo    |
           |                    |              |sub tech |
           |                    |              +-+-+-+-+-+
           |                    |                  |
           |                    |                  |
    +-------------------------------------------------------+
    |                      Uniform API                      |
    +-------------------------------------------------------+

        Relationship of OAM YANG model to generic (base) YANG model

4.  Overview of the OAM Model

   In this document we adopt the concepts of the [IEEE802.1Q] CFM model
   and structure it such that it can be adapted to different OAM
   protocols for connection oriented technology.

   At the top of the Model is the Maintenance Domain.  Each Maintenance
   Domain is associated with a Maintenance Name and a Domain Level.

   Under each Maintenance Domain there is one or more Maintenance
   Association (MA).  In TRILL this can be per Fine-Grained Label or for
   VPLS this can be per VPLS instance.

   Under each MA, there can be two or more MEPs (Maintenance Association
   End Points).  MEPs are addressed by their respective technology
   specific address identifiers.  The YANG model presented here provides
   flexibility to accommodate different addressing schemes.

   In the vertical direction orthogonal to the Maintenance Domain,
   presented are the commands.  Those, in YANG terms, are the rpc



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   commands.  These rpc commands provide uniform APIs for continuity
   check,connectivity verification, path discovery and their equivalents
   as well as other OAM commands.

   The generic YANG model defined here does not require explicit
   configuration of OAM entities prior to using any of the OAM tools.The
   OAM tools used here are limited to OAM toolset specified in section
   5.1 of [RFC7276].  In order to facilitate zero- touch experience,
   this document defines a default mode of OAM.  The default mode of OAM
   is referred to as the Base Mode and specifies default values for each
   of model parameters, such as Maintenance Domain Level, Name of the
   Maintenance Association and Addresses of MEP and so on.  The default
   values of these depend on the technology.  Base Mode for TRILL is
   defined in [RFC7455].  Base mode for other technologies such as MPLS-
   TP and future extensions will be defined in their corresponding
   documents.

   It is important to note that, no specific enhancements are needed in
   the YANG model to support Base Mode.  Implementations that comply
   with this document, by default implement the data nodes of the
   applicable technology.  Data nodes of the Base Mode are read-only
   nodes.

4.1.  Maintenance Domain (MD) configuration

   The container "domains" is the top level container within the gen-oam
   module.  Within the container "domains", separate list is maintained
   per MD.  The MD list uses the key MD-name-string for indexing.  MD-
   name-string is a leaf and derived from type string.  Additional name
   formats as defined in [IEEE802.1Q] or other standards can be included
   by association of the MD-name-format with an identity-ref.  MD-name-
   format indicates the format of the augmented MD-names.  MD-name is
   presented as choice/case construct.  Thus, it is easily augmentable
   by derivative work.

       module: ietf-conn-oam
         +--rw domains
            +--rw domain* [technology MD-name-string]
               +--rw technology        identityref
               +--rw MD-name-string    MD-name-string
               +--rw MD-name-format?   identityref
               +--rw (MD-name)?
               |  +--:(MD-name-null)
               |     +--rw MD-name-null?     empty
               +--rw md-level          MD-level  .

             Snippet of data hierarchy related to OAM domains




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4.2.  Maintenance Association (MA) configuration

   Within a given Maintenance Domain there can be one or more
   Maintenance Associations (MA).  MAs are represented as a list and
   indexed by the MA-name-string.  Similar to MD-name defined
   previously, additional name formats can be added by augmenting the
   name-format identity-ref and adding applicable case statements to MA-
   name.

      module: ietf-conn-oam
         +--rw domains
            +--rw domain* [technology MD-name-string]
               .
               .
               +--rw MAs
                  +--rw MA* [MA-name-string]
                     +--rw MA-name-string       MA-name-string
                     +--rw MA-name-format?      identityref
                     +--rw (MA-name)?
                     |  +--:(MA-name-null)
                     |     +--rw MA-name-null?        empty

    Snippet of data hierarchy related to Maintenance Associations (MA)

4.3.  Maintenance Endpoint (MEP) configuration

   Within a given Maintenance Association (MA), there can be one or more
   Maintenance End Points (MEP).  MEPs are represented as a list within
   the data hierarchy and indexed by the key MEP-name.






















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      module: ietf-conn-oam
         +--rw domains
            +--rw domain* [technology MD-name-string]
               +--rw technology        identityref
               .
               .
               +--rw MAs
                  +--rw MA* [MA-name-string]
                     +--rw MA-name-string       MA-name-string
                     .
                     .
                     +--rw MEP* [mep-name]
                     |  +--rw mep-name             MEP-name
                     |  +--rw (MEP-ID)?
                     |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
                     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-int?          int32
                     |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
                     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-type?         int16
                     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-len?          int16
                     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-value?        binary
                     |  +--rw MEP-ID-format?       identityref
                     |  +--rw (mp-address)?
                     |  |  +--:(mac-address)
                     |  |  |  +--rw mac-address?   yang:mac-address
                     |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
                     |  |  |  +--rw ipv4-address?  inet:ipv4-address
                     |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
                     |  |     +--rw ipv6-address?  inet:ipv6-address
                     .          .
                     .          .
                     .          .

      Snippet of data hierarchy related to Maintenance Endpoint (MEP)

4.4.  rpc definitions

   The rpc model facilitates issuing commands to a NETCONF server (in
   this case to the device that need to execute the OAM command) and
   obtain a response. rpc model defined here abstracts OAM specific
   commands in a technology independent manner.

   There are several rpc commands defined for the purpose of OAM.  In
   this section we present a snippet of the continuity check command for
   illustration purposes.  Please refer to Section 4 for the complete
   data hierarchy and Section 5 for the YANG model.






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      module: ietf-conn-oam
         +--rw domains
               +--rw domain* [technology MD-name-string]
               +--rw technology        identityref
         .
         .
   rpcs:
      +---x continuity-check
      |  +---w input
      |  |  +---w technology             identityref
      |  |  +---w MD-name-string         MD-name-string
      |  |  +---w MA-name-string?        MA-name-string
      |  |  +---w (flow-entropy)?
      |  |  |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
      |  |  |     +---w flow-entropy-null?     empty
      |  |  +---w priority?              uint8
      |  |  +---w ttl?                   uint8
      |  |  +---w session-type-enum?     enumeration
      |  |  +---w ecmp-choice?           ecmp-choices
      |  |  +---w sub-type?              identityref
      |  |  +---w outgoing-interfaces* [interface]
      |  |  |  +---w interface    if:interface-ref
      |  |  +---w source-mep?            MEP-name
      |  |  +---w destination-mp
      |  |  |  +---w (mp-address)?
      |  |  |  |  +--:(mac-address)
      |  |  |  |  |  +---w mac-address?     yang:mac-address
      |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
      |  |  |  |  |  +---w ipv4-address?    inet:ipv4-address
      |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
      |  |  |  |     +---w ipv6-address?    inet:ipv6-address
      |  |  |  +---w (MEP-ID)?
      |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
      |  |  |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-int?      int32
      |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
      |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-type?     int16
      |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-len?      int16
      |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-value?    binary
      |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-format?   identityref
      |  |  +---w count?                 uint32
      |  |  +---w transmit-interval?     Interval
      |  |  +---w packet-size?           uint32
      |  +--ro output
      |     +--ro (monitor-stats)?
      |        +--:(monitor-null)
      |           +--ro monitor-null?   empty

      Snippet of data hierarchy related to rpc call continuity-check



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4.5.  OAM data hierarchy

   The complete data hierarchy related to the connection oriented OAM
   YANG model is presented below.

module: ietf-conn-oam
   +--rw domains
      +--rw domain* [technology MD-name-string]
         +--rw technology        identityref
         +--rw MD-name-string    MD-name-string
         +--rw MD-name-format?   identityref
         +--rw (MD-name)?
         |  +--:(MD-name-null)
         |     +--rw MD-name-null?     empty
         +--rw md-level?         MD-level
         +--rw MAs
            +--rw MA* [MA-name-string]
               +--rw MA-name-string       MA-name-string
               +--rw MA-name-format?      identityref
               +--rw (MA-name)?
               |  +--:(MA-name-null)
               |     +--rw MA-name-null?        empty
               +--rw (connectivity-context)?
               |  +--:(context-null)
               |     +--rw context-null?        empty
               +--rw mep-direction        MEP-direction
               +--rw transmit-interval?   Interval
               +--rw loss-threshold?      uint32
               +--rw ttl?                 uint8
               +--rw (flow-entropy)?
               |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
               |     +--rw flow-entropy-null?   empty
               +--rw priority?            uint8
               +--rw MEP* [mep-name]
               |  +--rw mep-name             MEP-name
               |  +--rw (MEP-ID)?
               |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
               |  |  |  +--rw MEP-ID-int?          int32
               |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
               |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-type?         int16
               |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-len?          int16
               |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-value?        binary
               |  +--rw MEP-ID-format?       identityref
               |  +--rw (mp-address)?
               |  |  +--:(mac-address)
               |  |  |  +--rw mac-address?         yang:mac-address
               |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
               |  |  |  +--rw ipv4-address?        inet:ipv4-address



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               |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
               |  |     +--rw ipv6-address?        inet:ipv6-address
               |  +--rw (connectivity-context)?
               |  |  +--:(context-null)
               |  |     +--rw context-null?        empty
               |  +--rw Interface?           if:interface-ref
               |  +--rw (topology)?
               |  |  +--:(topo-null)
               |  |     +--rw topo-null?           empty
               |  +--ro admin-status?        -> /if:interfaces-state/interface/admin-status
               |  +--ro oper-status?         -> /if:interfaces-state/interface/oper-status
               |  +--rw (flow-entropy)?
               |  |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
               |  |     +--rw flow-entropy-null?   empty
               |  +--rw priority?            uint8
               |  +--rw session* [session-cookie]
               |     +--rw session-cookie             uint32
               |     +--rw ttl?                       uint8
               |     +--rw transmit-interval?         Interval
               |     +--rw enable?                    boolean
               |     +--rw ecmp-choice?               ecmp-choices
               |     +--rw source-mep?                MEP-name
               |     +--rw destination-mep
               |     |  +--rw (MEP-ID)?
               |     |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
               |     |  |  |  +--rw MEP-ID-int?      int32
               |     |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
               |     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-type?     int16
               |     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-len?      int16
               |     |  |     +--rw MEP-ID-value?    binary
               |     |  +--rw MEP-ID-format?   identityref
               |     +--rw destination-mep-address
               |     |  +--rw (mp-address)?
               |     |     +--:(mac-address)
               |     |     |  +--rw mac-address?    yang:mac-address
               |     |     +--:(ipv4-address)
               |     |     |  +--rw ipv4-address?   inet:ipv4-address
               |     |     +--:(ipv6-address)
               |     |        +--rw ipv6-address?   inet:ipv6-address
               |     +--rw (connectivity-context)?
               |     |  +--:(context-null)
               |     |     +--rw context-null?              empty
               |     +--rw (flow-entropy)?
               |     |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
               |     |     +--rw flow-entropy-null?         empty
               |     +--rw priority?                  uint8
               |     +--rw outgoing-interface* [interface]
               |        +--rw interface    if:interface-ref



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               +--rw MIP* [interface]
               |  +--rw interface    if:interface-ref
               +--rw related-oam-layer* [offset]
                  +--rw offset            int32
                  +--rw technology        identityref
                  +--rw MD-name-string    MD-name-string
                  +--rw MA-name-string?   MA-name-string
rpcs:
   +---x continuity-check
   |  +---w input
   |  |  +---w technology             identityref
   |  |  +---w MD-name-string         MD-name-string
   |  |  +---w MA-name-string?        MA-name-string
   |  |  +---w (flow-entropy)?
   |  |  |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
   |  |  |     +---w flow-entropy-null?     empty
   |  |  +---w priority?              uint8
   |  |  +---w ttl?                   uint8
   |  |  +---w session-type-enum?     enumeration
   |  |  +---w ecmp-choice?           ecmp-choices
   |  |  +---w sub-type?              identityref
   |  |  +---w outgoing-interfaces* [interface]
   |  |  |  +---w interface    if:interface-ref
   |  |  +---w source-mep?            MEP-name
   |  |  +---w destination-mp
   |  |  |  +---w (mp-address)?
   |  |  |  |  +--:(mac-address)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w mac-address?     yang:mac-address
   |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w ipv4-address?    inet:ipv4-address
   |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
   |  |  |  |     +---w ipv6-address?    inet:ipv6-address
   |  |  |  +---w (MEP-ID)?
   |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-int?      int32
   |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-type?     int16
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-len?      int16
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-value?    binary
   |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-format?   identityref
   |  |  +---w count?                 uint32
   |  |  +---w transmit-interval?     Interval
   |  |  +---w packet-size?           uint32
   |  +--ro output
   |     +--ro (monitor-stats)?
   |        +--:(monitor-null)
   |           +--ro monitor-null?   empty
   +---x continuity-verification {connectivity-verification}?



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   |  +---w input
   |  |  +---w technology             identityref
   |  |  +---w MD-name-string         MD-name-string
   |  |  +---w MA-name-string?        MA-name-string
   |  |  +---w (flow-entropy)?
   |  |  |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
   |  |  |     +---w flow-entropy-null?     empty
   |  |  +---w priority?              uint8
   |  |  +---w ttl?                   uint8
   |  |  +---w session-type-enum?     enumeration
   |  |  +---w ecmp-choice?           ecmp-choices
   |  |  +---w sub-type?              identityref
   |  |  +---w outgoing-interfaces* [interface]
   |  |  |  +---w interface    if:interface-ref
   |  |  +---w source-mep?            MEP-name
   |  |  +---w destination-mp
   |  |  |  +---w (mp-address)?
   |  |  |  |  +--:(mac-address)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w mac-address?     yang:mac-address
   |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w ipv4-address?    inet:ipv4-address
   |  |  |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
   |  |  |  |     +---w ipv6-address?    inet:ipv6-address
   |  |  |  +---w (MEP-ID)?
   |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
   |  |  |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-int?      int32
   |  |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-type?     int16
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-len?      int16
   |  |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-value?    binary
   |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-format?   identityref
   |  |  +---w count?                 uint32
   |  |  +---w transmit-interval?     Interval
   |  |  +---w packet-size?           uint32
   |  +--ro output
   |     +--ro (monitor-stats)?
   |        +--:(monitor-null)
   |           +--ro monitor-null?   empty
   +---x path-discovery
      +---w input
      |  +---w technology             identityref
      |  +---w MD-name-string         MD-name-string
      |  +---w MA-name-string?        MA-name-string
      |  +---w (flow-entropy)?
      |  |  +--:(flow-entropy-null)
      |  |     +---w flow-entropy-null?     empty
      |  +---w priority?              uint8
      |  +---w ttl?                   uint8



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      |  +---w session-type-enum?     enumeration
      |  +---w command-sub-type?      identityref
      |  +---w ecmp-choice?           ecmp-choices
      |  +---w outgoing-interfaces* [interface]
      |  |  +---w interface    if:interface-ref
      |  +---w source-mep?            MEP-name
      |  +---w destination-mp
      |  |  +---w (mp-address)?
      |  |  |  +--:(mac-address)
      |  |  |  |  +---w mac-address?     yang:mac-address
      |  |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
      |  |  |  |  +---w ipv4-address?    inet:ipv4-address
      |  |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
      |  |  |     +---w ipv6-address?    inet:ipv6-address
      |  |  +---w (MEP-ID)?
      |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
      |  |  |  |  +---w MEP-ID-int?      int32
      |  |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
      |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-type?     int16
      |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-len?      int16
      |  |  |     +---w MEP-ID-value?    binary
      |  |  +---w MEP-ID-format?   identityref
      |  +---w count?                 uint32
      |  +---w transmit-interval?     Interval
      +--ro output
         +--ro response* [response-index]
            +--ro response-index    uint8
            +--ro ttl?              uint8
            +--ro destination-mp
            |  +--ro (mp-address)?
            |  |  +--:(mac-address)
            |  |  |  +--ro mac-address?     yang:mac-address
            |  |  +--:(ipv4-address)
            |  |  |  +--ro ipv4-address?    inet:ipv4-address
            |  |  +--:(ipv6-address)
            |  |     +--ro ipv6-address?    inet:ipv6-address
            |  +--ro (MEP-ID)?
            |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
            |  |  |  +--ro MEP-ID-int?      int32
            |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
            |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-type?     int16
            |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-len?      int16
            |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-value?    binary
            |  +--ro MEP-ID-format?   identityref
            +--ro (monitor-stats)?
               +--:(monitor-null)
                  +--ro monitor-null?     empty
notifications:



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   +---n defect-condition-notification
      +--ro technology          identityref
      +--ro MD-name-string      MD-name-string
      +--ro MA-name-string?     MA-name-string
      +--ro mep-name?           MEP-name
      +--ro defect-type?        identityref
      +--ro generating-mepid
      |  +--ro (MEP-ID)?
      |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-int)
      |  |  |  +--ro MEP-ID-int?      int32
      |  |  +--:(MEP-ID-tlv)
      |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-type?     int16
      |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-len?      int16
      |  |     +--ro MEP-ID-value?    binary
      |  +--ro MEP-ID-format?   identityref
      +--ro (error)?
         +--:(error-null)
         |  +--ro error-null?         empty
         +--:(error-code)
            +--ro error-code?         int32


                           data hierarchy of OAM

5.  OAM YANG Module

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-conn-oam.yang"

module ietf-conn-oam {
  namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-conn-oam";
  prefix goam;

  import ietf-interfaces {
    prefix if;
  }
  import ietf-yang-types {
    prefix yang;
  }
  import ietf-inet-types {
    prefix inet;
  }

  organization "IETF LIME Working Group";
  contact
    "Tissa Senevirathne tsenevir@cisco.com";
  description
    "This YANG module defines the generic configuration,
     statistics and rpc for connection oriented OAM



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  to be used within IETF in a protocol indpendent manner.
  Functional level abstraction is indendent
  with YANG modeling. It is assumed that each protocol
  maps corresponding abstracts to its native format.
     Each protocol may extend the YANG model defined
     here to include protocol specific extensions";

  revision 2016-03-15 {
    description
      "Initial revision. - 05 version";
    reference "draft-ietf-lime-yang-oam-model";
  }

  /* features */
  feature connectivity-verification {
    description
      "This feature indicates that the server supports
       executing connectivity verification OAM command and
       returning a response. Servers that do not advertise
       this feature will not support executing
       connectivity verification command or rpc model for
       connectivity verification command.";
  }

  /* Identities */

  identity technology-types {
    description
      "this is the base identy of technology types which are
       TRILL,MPLS-TP,vpls etc";
  }

   identity command-sub-type {
       description
"defines different rpc command subtypes, e.g rfc6905 trill OAM,
this is optional for most cases";
     }


  identity name-format {
    description
      "This defines the name format, IEEE 8021Q CFM defines varying
      styles of names. It is expected name format as an identity ref
      to be extended with new types.";
  }

  identity name-format-null {
    base name-format;



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    description
      "defines name format as null";
  }

  identity identifier-format {
    description
      "identifier-format identity can be augmented to define other
     format identifiers used in MEP-ID etc";
  }

  identity identifier-format-integer {
    base identifier-format;
    description
      "defines identifier-format to be integer";
  }

  identity defect-types {
    description
      "defines different defect types, e.g. remote rdi,
       mis-connection defect, loss of continuity";
  }
  identity remote-rdi {
    base defect-types;
    description
      " Indicates the aggregate health of the remote MEPs. ";
  }

  identity remote-mep-error{
    base defect-types;
    description
      "Indicates that one or more of the remote MEPs is
       reporting a failure ";
  }
  identity invalue-oam-error{
    base defect-types;
    description
 "Indicates that one or more invalid OAM messages has been
received and that 3.5 times that OAM message transmission
interval has not yet expired.
";
  }

  identity cross-connect-error{
    base defect-types;
    description
"Indicates that one or more cross-connect oam messages has been
received and that 3.5 times that OAM message transmission
interval has not yet expired.



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";
  }

  /* typedefs */
  typedef MEP-direction {
    type enumeration {
      enum "Up" {
        value 0;
description
  "Indicates when OAM frames are transmitted towards and
received from the bridging/routing function.";
      }
      enum "Down" {
        value 1;
description
  "Indicates when OAM frames are transmitted towards and
received from the wire.";
      }
    }
    description
      "MEP direction.";
  }

  typedef MEP-name {
    type string;
    description
      "Generic administrative name for a MEP";
  }

  typedef Interval{
    type decimal64{
    fraction-digits 2;
   }
   units "milliseconds";
    description
    "Interval between packets in milliseconds.
    0 means no packets are sent.";
  }


  typedef ecmp-choices {
    type enumeration {
      enum "ecmp-use-platform-hash" {
        value 0;

description
  "Use Platform hashing.";
      }



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      enum "ecmp-use-round-robin" {
        value 1;
description
  "Use round robin hashing.";
      }
    }
    description
      "Equal cost multi Path Choices";
  }

  typedef MD-name-string {
    type string;
    default "";
    description
      "Generic administrative name for an MD";
  }

  typedef MA-name-string {
    type string;
    default "";
    description
      "Generic administrative name for an MA";
  }

  typedef oam-counter32 {
    type yang:zero-based-counter32;
    description
      "defines 32 bit counter for OAM";
  }

  typedef MD-level {
    type uint32 {
      range "0..255";
    }
    description
      "Maintenance Domain level.  The level may be restricted in
       certain protocols (eg to 0-7)";
  }

  /* groupings */

  grouping topology {
    choice topology {
      case topo-null {
        description

          "this is a placeholder when no topology is needed";
        leaf topo-null {



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           type empty;
           description
             "there is no topology define, it will be defined
              in technology specific model.";
        }
      }
      description
        "Topology choices";
    }
    description
      "Topology";
  }

  grouping error-message {
    choice error {
      case error-null {
        description
          "this is a placeholder when no error status is needed";
        leaf error-null {
           type empty;
           description
             "there is no error define, it will be defined in
              technology specific model.";
        }
      }
      case error-code {
        description
          "this is a placeholder to display error code.";
        leaf error-code {
           type int32;
           description
             "error code is integer value specific to technology.";
        }
      }
      description
        "Error Message choices.";
    }
    description
      "Error Message.";
  }

  grouping mp-address {
    choice mp-address {
      case mac-address {
        leaf mac-address {
          type yang:mac-address;

  description



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    "MAC Address";
        }
description
  "MAC Address based MP Addressing.";
      }
      case ipv4-address {
        leaf ipv4-address {
          type inet:ipv4-address;
  description
    "Ipv4 Address";
        }
description
  "Ip Address based MP Addressing.";
      }
      case ipv6-address {
        leaf ipv6-address {
          type inet:ipv6-address;
  description
    "Ipv6 Address";
        }
description
  "ipv6 Address based MP Addressing.";
      }
      description
        "MP Addressing.";
    }
    description
      "MP Address";
  }

  grouping maintenance-domain-id {
    description
      "Grouping containing leaves sufficient to identify an MD";
    leaf technology {
      type identityref {
        base technology-types;
      }
      mandatory true;

      description
        "Defines the technology";
    }
    leaf MD-name-string {
      type MD-name-string;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "Defines the generic administrative maintenance domain name";




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    }
  }

  grouping MD-name {
    leaf MD-name-format {
      type identityref {
        base name-format;
      }
      description
        "Name format.";
    }
    choice MD-name {
      case MD-name-null {
        leaf MD-name-null {
  when "../../../MD-name-format = name-format-null" {
     description
       "MD name format is equal to null format.";
  }
          type empty;
  description
    "MD name Null.";
        }
      }
      description
        "MD name.";
    }
    description
      "MD name";
  }

  grouping ma-identifier {
    description
      "Grouping containing leaves sufficient to identify an MA";
    leaf MA-name-string {
      type MA-name-string;
      description
        "MA name string.";
    }
  }

  grouping MA-name {
    description
      "MA name";
    leaf MA-name-format {
      type identityref {
        base name-format;
      }
      description



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        "Ma name format";
    }
    choice MA-name {
     case MA-name-null {
      leaf MA-name-null {
       when "../../../MA-name-format = name-format-null" {
  description
    "MA";
  }
  type empty;
  description
    "empty";
        }
      }
      description
        "MA name";
    }
  }

  grouping MEP-ID {
    choice MEP-ID {
      default "MEP-ID-int";
      case MEP-ID-int {
        leaf MEP-ID-int {
          type int32;
  description
    "MEP ID in integer format";
        }
      }
      case MEP-ID-tlv {
         leaf MEP-ID-type {
   type int16;
   description
     "Type of MEP-ID";
         }
 leaf MEP-ID-len {
   type int16;
   description
     "Length of MEP-ID value";
 }
 leaf MEP-ID-value {
    type binary {
      length "12..255";
    }
    description
      "Value please refer RFC6428.";
 }
      }



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      description
        "MEP-ID";
    }
    leaf MEP-ID-format {
      type identityref {
        base identifier-format;
      }
      description
        "MEP ID format.";
    }
    description
      "MEP-ID";
  }

  grouping MEP {
    description
      "Defines elements within the MEP";
    leaf mep-name {
      type MEP-name;
      mandatory true;
      description
        "Generic administrative name of the MEP";
    }
    uses MEP-ID;

    uses mp-address;
    uses connectivity-context;
    leaf Interface {
      type if:interface-ref;
      description
        "Interface name as defined by ietf-interfaces";
    }
    uses topology;
  }

  grouping session-type {
    description
      "This object indicates the current session
       definition.";
    leaf session-type-enum {
      type enumeration {
        enum proactive {
          description
            "The current session is proactive";
        }
        enum on-demand {
          description
            "The current session is on-demand.";



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        }
      }
      description
        "session type enum";
    }
  }

 grouping monitor-stats {
   description
    "grouping for monitoring statistics, this will be augmented
    by others who use this component";
    choice monitor-stats {
     default "monitor-null";
      case monitor-null {
       description
        "this is a place holder when
         no monitoring statistics is needed";
         leaf monitor-null {
          type empty;
          description
          "there is no monitoring statistics to be defined";
              }
            }
    description
    "define the monitor stats";
          }
        }

  grouping MIP {
    description
      "defines MIP";
    leaf interface {
      type if:interface-ref;
      description
         "Interface";
    }
  }

  grouping related-oam-layer {
    leaf offset {
      type int32 {
        range "-255..255";
      }
      description
        "defines offset (in MD levels) to a related OAM layer
         +1 is the layer immediately above
         -1 is the layer immediately below";
    }



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    uses maintenance-domain-id;
    uses ma-identifier;
    description
      "related OAM layer";
  }

  grouping interface-status {
    description
      "collection of interface related status";
    leaf admin-status {
      type leafref {
        path "/if:interfaces-state/if:interface/if:admin-status";
      }
      config false;
      description
        "oper status from ietf-interface module";
    }
    leaf oper-status {
      type leafref {
        path "/if:interfaces-state/if:interface/if:oper-status";
      }
      config false;
      description
        "oper status from ietf-interface module";
    }
  }

  grouping connectivity-context {
    description
      "Grouping defining the connectivity context for an MA; for
       example, a VRF for VPLS, or an LSP for MPLS-TP.  This will be
       augmented by each protocol who use this component";
    choice connectivity-context {
      default "context-null";
      case context-null {
        description
          "this is a place holder when no context is needed";
        leaf context-null {
          type empty;
          description
            "there is no context define";
        }
      }
      description
        "connectivity context";
    }
  }




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  grouping priority {
    description
      "Priority used in transmitted packets; for example, in the
       EXP field in MPLS-TP.";
    leaf priority {
      type uint8;
      description
        "priority";
    }
  }

  grouping flow-entropy {
    description
      "defines the grouping statement for flow-entropy";
    choice flow-entropy {
      default "flow-entropy-null";
      case flow-entropy-null {
        description
          "this is a place holder when no flow entropy is needed";
        leaf flow-entropy-null {
          type empty;
          description
            "there is no flow entropy defined";
        }
      }
      description
        "Flow entropy";
    }
  }

  grouping measurement-timing-group {
     description
     "This grouping includes objects used for
      proactive and on-demand
      scheduling of PM measurement sessions.";

     container start-time {
        description
"This container defines the session start time.";
choice start-time {
  description
  "Measurement sessions tart time can be immediate, relative, or
  absolute.";
  container immediate {
            presence "Start the measurement session immediately.";
            description
            "Start Time of probe immediately.";
  }



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  leaf absolute {
    type yang:date-and-time;
    description
    "This objects specifies the scheduled start time
     to perform the on-demand monitoring operations.";
  }
        }
     }

     container stop-time {
description
"This container defines the session stop time.";
choice stop-time {
   description
   "Measurement session stop time can be none, or absolute.";
   container none {
              presence "Never end the measurement session.";
              description
              "Stop time is never to end.";

   }

   leaf absolute {
     type yang:date-and-time;
     description
       "This objects specifies the scheduled stop time
         to perform the on-demand monitoring operations.";
   }
        }
     }
  }

  container domains {
    description
      "Contains configuration related data. Within the container
       is list of fault domains. Wihin each domian has List of MA.";
    list domain {
      key "technology MD-name-string";
      ordered-by system;
      description
        "Define the list of Domains within the IETF-OAM";
      uses maintenance-domain-id;
      uses MD-name;
      leaf md-level {
        type MD-level;
        description
          "Defines the MD-Level";
      }



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      container MAs {
        description
          "This container defines MA, within that have multiple MA
           and within MA have MEP, MIP";
        list MA {
  key "MA-name-string";
          ordered-by system;
          uses ma-identifier;
          uses MA-name;
          uses connectivity-context;
          leaf mep-direction {
            type MEP-direction;
            mandatory true;
            description
              "Direction for MEPs in this MA";
          }
          leaf transmit-interval {
           type Interval;
            default "0";
            description
              "Defines default Keepalive/CC Interval.  May be
               overridden for specific sessions if supported by the
               protocol.";
          }
          leaf loss-threshold {
    type uint32;
            default "3";
            description
              "number of consecutive Keepalive/CC messages missed
               before declaring loss of continuity fault. This is
               monitored per each remote MEP session";
          }
          leaf ttl {
            type uint8;
            default "255";
    description
      "Time to Live";
          }
          uses flow-entropy {
            description
              "Default flow entropy in this MA, which may be
               overridden for particular MEPs, sessions or
               operations";
          }
          uses priority {
            description
              "Default priority for this MA, which may be overridden
               for particular MEPs, sessions or operations.";



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          }
          list MEP {
            key "mep-name";
            ordered-by system;
            description
              "contain list of MEPS";
            uses MEP;
            uses interface-status {
              description
                "status of associated interface";
            }
            uses flow-entropy;
            uses priority;
            list session {
              key "session-cookie";
              ordered-by user;
              description
                "Monitoring session to/from a particular remote MEP.
                 Depending on the protocol, this could represent CC
                 messages received from a single remote MEP (if the
                 protocol uses multicast CCs) or a target to which
                 unicast echo request CCs are sent and from which
                 responses are received (if the protocol uses a
                 unicast request/response mechanism).";
              leaf session-cookie {
                type uint32;
                description
                  "Cookie to identify different sessions, when there
                   are multiple remote MEPs or multiple sessions to
                   the same remote MEP.";
              }
              leaf ttl {
                type uint8;
                default "255";
  description
    "Time to Live.";
              }
              leaf transmit-interval {
                type Interval;
                description
                  "Transmission interval for CC packets for this
                   session.";
              }
              leaf enable {
         type boolean;
                default "false";
                description
                  "enable or disable a monitor session";



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              }
              leaf ecmp-choice {
                type ecmp-choices;
                description
                  "0 means use the specified interface
                   1 means use round robin";
              }
              leaf source-mep {
                type MEP-name;
                description
                  "Source MEP for this session, if applicable";
              }
              container destination-mep {
                uses MEP-ID;
  description
     "Destination MEP";
              }
              container destination-mep-address {
                uses mp-address;
  description
     "Destination MEP Address";
              }
              uses connectivity-context;
              uses flow-entropy;
              uses priority;
              list outgoing-interface {
                key "interface";
                leaf interface {
                  type if:interface-ref;
    description
      "Outgoing Interface";
                }
  description
    "outgoing interfaces";
              }
            }
          }
          list MIP {
            key "interface";
            uses MIP;
    description
      "Maintenance Intermediate Point";
          }
          list related-oam-layer {
            key "offset";
            description
              "List of OAM layers above and below that are related to
               current MA. This allow users to easily navigate up and



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               down to efficiently troubleshoot a connectivity
               issue";
            uses related-oam-layer;
          }
  description
     "Maintenance Association list";
        }
      }
    }
  }

  notification defect-condition-notification {
    description
      "When defect condition is met this notificiation is sent";
   uses maintenance-domain-id {
      description
        "defines the MD (Maintenance Domain) identifier, which is the
         Generic MD-name-string and the technology.";
    }
    uses ma-identifier;
    leaf mep-name {
      type MEP-name;
      description
        "Indicate which MEP is seeing the error";
    }
    leaf defect-type {
      type identityref {
        base defect-types;
      }
      description
        "The currently active defects on the specific MEP.";
    }
    container generating-mepid {
      uses MEP-ID;
      description
        "Who is generating the error (if known) if
         unknown make it 0.";
    }
    uses error-message {
      description
         "Error message to indicate more details.";
    }
  }
  rpc continuity-check {
    description
      "Generates continuity-check as per RFC7276 Table 4.";
    input {
      uses maintenance-domain-id {



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        description
          "defines the MD (Maintenance Domain) identifier, which is
           the generic
           MD-name-string and the technology.";
      }
      uses ma-identifier {
        description
          "identfies the Maintenance association";
      }
      uses flow-entropy;
      uses priority;
      leaf ttl {
        type uint8;
        default "255";
 description
   "Time to Live";
      }
      uses session-type;
      leaf ecmp-choice {
        type ecmp-choices;
        description
          "0 means use the specified interface
           1 means use round robin";
      }
      leaf sub-type {
        type identityref {
          base command-sub-type;
        }
        description
          "defines different command types";
      }
      list outgoing-interfaces {
        key "interface";
        leaf interface {
          type if:interface-ref;
  description
    "outgoing interface";
        }
description
  "outgoing Interfaces";
      }
      leaf source-mep {
        type MEP-name;
description
  "Source MEP";
      }
      container destination-mp {
        uses mp-address;



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        uses MEP-ID {
          description "Only applicable if the destination is a MEP";
        }
description
  "Destination MEP";
      }
      leaf count {
        type uint32;
        default "3";
        description

          "Number of continuity-check message to send";
      }
      leaf transmit-interval {
        type Interval;
        description
          "Interval between echo requests";
      }
      leaf packet-size {
        type uint32 {
          range "64..10000";
        }
        default "64";
        description
          "Size of continuity-check packets, in octets";
      }
    }
    output {
      uses monitor-stats {
        description
          "Stats of continuity check.";
      }
    }
  }

  rpc continuity-verification {
    if-feature connectivity-verification;
    description
      "Generates continuity-verification as per RFC7276 Table 4.";
    input {
      uses maintenance-domain-id {
        description
          "defines the MD (Maintenance Domain) identifier, which is
           the generic
           MD-name-string and the technology.";
      }
      uses ma-identifier {




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        description
          "identfies the Maintenance association";
      }
      uses flow-entropy;
      uses priority;
      leaf ttl {
        type uint8;
        default "255";
description
  "Time to Live";
      }
      uses session-type;
      leaf ecmp-choice {
        type ecmp-choices;
        description
          "0 means use the specified interface
           1 means use round robin";
      }
      leaf sub-type {
        type identityref {
          base command-sub-type;
        }
        description
          "defines different command types";
      }
      list outgoing-interfaces {
        key "interface";
        leaf interface {
          type if:interface-ref;
  description
    "outgoing interface";
        }
description
  "outgoing Interfaces";
      }
      leaf source-mep {
        type MEP-name;
description
  "Source MEP";
      }
      container destination-mp {
        uses mp-address;
        uses MEP-ID {
          description "Only applicable if the destination is a MEP";
        }
description
  "Destination MEP";
      }



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      leaf count {
        type uint32;
        default "3";
        description
          "Number of continuity-verification message to send";
      }
      leaf transmit-interval {
        type Interval;
        description
          "Interval between echo requests";
      }
      leaf packet-size {
        type uint32 {
          range "64..10000";
        }
        default "64";
        description
          "Size of continuity-verification packets, in octets";
      }
    }
    output {
      uses monitor-stats {
        description
          "Stats of continuity check.";
      }
    }
  }
  rpc path-discovery {
    description
      "Generates Trace-route or Path Trace and return response.
       Referencing RFC7276 for common Toolset name, for
       MPLS-TP OAM it's Route Tracing, and for TRILL OAM It's
       Path Tracing tool. Starts with TTL of one and increment
       by one at each hop. Untill destination reached or TTL
       reach max valune";
    input {
      uses maintenance-domain-id {
        description
          "defines the MD (Maintenance Domain) identifier, which is
           the generic MD-name-string and the technology.";
      }
      uses ma-identifier {
        description
          "identfies the Maintenance association";
      }
      uses flow-entropy;
      uses priority;
      leaf ttl {



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        type uint8;
        default "255";
description
  "Time to Live";
      }
      uses session-type;
      leaf command-sub-type {
        type identityref {

          base command-sub-type;
        }
        description
          "defines different command types";
      }
      leaf ecmp-choice {
        type ecmp-choices;
        description
          "0 means use the specified interface
           1 means use round robin";
      }
      list outgoing-interfaces {
        key "interface";
        leaf interface {
          type if:interface-ref;
  description
    "Interface.";
        }
description
  "Outgoing interface list.";
      }
      leaf source-mep {
        type MEP-name;
description
  "Source MEP";
      }
      container destination-mp {
        uses mp-address;
        uses MEP-ID {
          description "Only applicable if the destination is a MEP";
        }
description
  "Destination MEP";
      }
      leaf count {
        type uint32;
        default "1";
        description




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          "Number of path-discovery probes to send.  In protocols where a
           separate message is sent at each TTL, this is the number
           of packets to send at each TTL.";
      }
      leaf transmit-interval {
        type Interval;
        description
          "Interval between echo requests";
      }
    }
    output {
      list response {
        key "response-index";
        leaf response-index {
  type uint8;
          description
            "Arbitrary index for the response.  In protocols that
             guarantee there is only a single response at each TTL
             , the TTL can be used as the response
             index.";
        }
        leaf ttl {
          type uint8;
  description
    "Time to Live";
        }
        container destination-mp {
          description "MP from which the response has been received";
          uses mp-address;
          uses MEP-ID {
            description
              "Only applicable if the destination is a MEP";
          }
        }
        uses monitor-stats {
          description
            "Stats of path-discovery.";
        }
      description
        "List of response.";
      }
    }
  }
}

                            YANG module of OAM

   <CODE ENDS>



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6.  Base Mode

   The Base Mode defines default configuration that MUST be present in
   the devices that comply with this document.  Base Mode allows users
   to have "zero-touch" experience.  Several parameters require
   technology specific definition.

6.1.  MEP Address

   In the Base Mode of operation, the MEP Address is by default the IP
   address of the interface on which the MEP is located.

6.2.  MEP ID for Base Mode

   In the Base Mode of operation, each device creates a single UP MEP
   associated with a virtual OAM port with no physical layer (NULL PHY).
   The MEPID associated with this MEP is zero (0).  The choice of MEP-ID
   zero is explained below.

   MEPID is 2 octet field by default.  It is never used on the wire
   except when using CCM.  It is important to have method that can
   derive MEP ID of base mode in an automatic manner with no user
   intervention.  IP address cannot be directly used for this purpose as
   the MEP ID is much smaller field.  For Base Mode of operation we
   propose to use MEP ID zero (0) as the default MEP-ID.

   CCM packet use MEP-ID on the payload.  CCM MUST NOT be used in the
   Base Mode.  Hence CCM MUST be disabled on the Maintenance Association
   of the Base Mode.

   If CCM is required, users MUST configure a separate Maintenance
   association and assign unique value for the corresponding MEP IDs.

   [IEEE802.1Q] CFM defines MEP ID as an unsigned integer in the range 1
   to 8191.  In this document we propose to extend the range to 0 to
   65535.  Value 0 is reserved for MEP ID of Base Mode operation and
   MUST NOT be used for other purposes.

6.3.  Maintenance Domain

   Default MD-LEVEL is set to 3.

6.4.  Maintenance Association

   MAID [IEEE802.1Q] has a flexible format and includes two parts:
   Maintenance Domain Name and Short MA name.  In the Based Mode of
   operation, the value of the Maintenance Domain Name must be the
   character string "GenericBaseMode" (excluding the quotes ").  In Base



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   Mode operation Short MA Name format is set to 2-octet integer format
   (value 3 in Short MA Format field [IEEE802.1Q]) and Short MA name set
   to 65532 (0xFFFC).

7.  connection-oriented oam yang model applicability

   ietf-conn-oam model defined in this document provides technology-
   independent abstraction of key OAM constructs for connection oriented
   protocols.  This model can be further extended to include technology
   specific details, e.g., adding new data nodes with technology
   specific functions and parameters into proper anchor points of the
   base model, so as to develop a technology-specific connection-
   oriented OAM model.

   This section demonstrates the usability of the connection-oriented
   YANG OAM data model to various connection-oriented OAM technologies,
   e.g., TRILL and MPLS-TP.  Note that, in this section, we only present
   several snippets of technology-specific model extensions for
   illustrative purposes.  The complete model extensions should be
   worked on in respective protocol working groups.

7.1.  Generic YANG Model extension for TRILL OAM

   The TRILL YANG module is augmenting connection oriented OAM module
   for both configuration and RPC commands.

   The TRILL YANG module requires the base TRILL module ([I-D.ietf-
   trill-yang]) to be supported as there is a strong relationship
   between those modules.

   The configuration extensions for connection oriented OAM include MD
   configuration extension, Technology type extension, MA configuration
   extension, Connectivity-Context Extension, MEP Configuration
   Extension, ECMP extension.  In the RPC extension, the continuity-
   check and path-discovery RPC are extended with TRILL specific.

7.1.1.  MD Configuration Extension

   MD level configuration parameters are management information which
   can be inherited in the TRILL OAM model and set by connection
   oriented base model as default values.  For example domain name can
   be set to area-ID in the TRILL OAM case.  In addition, at the
   Maintenance Domain level, domain data node at root level can be
   augmented with technology type.

   Note that MD level configuration parameters provides context
   information for management system to correlate faults, defects,




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   network failures with location information, which helps quickly
   identify root causes of network failures.

7.1.1.1.  Technology Type Extension

   No TRILL technology type has been defined in the connection oriented
   base model.  Therefore a technology type extension is required in the
   TRILL OAM model.  The technology type "trill" is defined as an
   identity that augments the base "technology-types" defined in the
   connection oriented base model:

      identity trill{
       base goam:technology-types;
       description
        "trill type";
      }

7.1.2.  MA Configuration Extension

   MA level configuration parameters are management information which
   can be inherited in the TRILL OAM model and set by connection
   oriented base model as default values.  In addition, at the
   Maintenance Association(MA) level, MA data node at the second level
   can be augmented with connectivity-context extension.

   Note that MA level configuration parameters provides context
   information for management system to correlate faults, defects,
   network failures with location information, which helps quickly
   identify root causes of network failures.

7.1.2.1.  Connectivity-Context Extension

   In TRILL OAM, one example of connectivity-context is either a 12 bit
   VLAN ID or a 24 bit Fine Grain Label.  The connection oriented base
   model defines a placeholder for context-id.  This allows other
   technologies to easily augment that to include technology specific
   extensions.  The snippet below depicts an example of augmenting
   connectivity-context to include either VLAN ID or Fine Grain Label.













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      augment /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs
      /goam:MA /goam:connectivity-context:
            +--:(connectivity-context-vlan)
            |  +--rw connectivity-context-vlan?   vlan
            +--:(connectivity-context-fgl)
               +--rw connectivity-context-fgl?    fgl

      augment /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/goam:MEP
      /goam:session/goam:connectivity-context:
            +--:(connectivity-context-vlan)
            |  +--rw connectivity-context-vlan?   vlan
            +--:(connectivity-context-fgl)
               +--rw connectivity-context-fgl?    fgl

7.1.3.  MEP Configuration Extension

   The MEP configuration definition in the connection oriented base
   model already supports configuring the interface of MEP with either
   MAC address or IP address.  In addition, the MEP address can be
   represented using a 2 octet RBridge Nickname in TRILL OAM . Hence,
   the TRILL OAM model augments the MEP configuration in base model to
   add a nickname case into the MEP address choice node as follows:

   augment /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs
      /goam:MA/ goam:MEP/goam:mep-address:
            +--:( mep-address-trill)
            |  +--rw mep-address-trill?  tril-rb-nickname

   In addition, at the Maintenance Association Endpoint(MEP) level, MEP
   data node at the third level can be augmented with ECMP extension.

7.1.3.1.  ECMP Extension

   The flow-entropy parameter in the connection oriented base model is
   an optional parameter.  Since TRILL supports ECMP path selection,
   flow-entropy in TRILL is defined as a 96 octet field.  The snippet
   below illustrates its extension.

    augment /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/goam:MEP
      /goam:flow-entropy:
            +--:(flow-entropy-trill)
               +--rw flow-entropy-trill?   flow-entropy-trill
      augment /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/goam:MEP
      /goam:session/goam:flow-entropy:
            +--:(flow-entropy-trill)
               +--rw flow-entropy-trill?   flow-entropy-trill





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7.1.4.  RPC extension

   In the TRILL OAM YANG model, the continuity-check and path-discovery
   RPC commands are extended with TRILL specific requirements.  The
   snippet below depicts an example of illustrates the TRILL OAM RPC
   extension.

      augment /goam:continuity-check/goam:input:
            +--ro (out-of-band)?
            |  +--:(ipv4-address)
            |  |  +--ro ipv4-address?      inet:ipv4-address
            |  +--:(ipv6-address)
            |  |  +--ro ipv6-address?      inet:ipv6-address
            |  +--:(trill-nickname)
            |     +--ro trill-nickname?    tril-rb-nickname
            +--ro diagnostic-vlan?   boolean
      augment /goam:continuity-check/goam:input/goam:flow-entropy:
            +--:(flow-entropy-trill)
               +--ro flow-entropy-trill?   flow-entropy-trill
      augment /goam:continuity-check/goam:output:
            +--ro upstream-rbridge?   tril-rb-nickname
            +--ro next-hop-rbridge*   tril-rb-nickname
      augment /goam:path-discovery/goam:input:
            +--ro (out-of-band)?
            |  +--:(ipv4-address)
            |  |  +--ro ipv4-address?      inet:ipv4-address
            |  +--:(ipv6-address)
            |  |  +--ro ipv6-address?      inet:ipv6-address
            |  +--:(trill-nickname)
            |     +--ro trill-nickname?    tril-rb-nickname
            +--ro diagnostic-vlan?   boolean
      augment /goam:path-discovery/goam:input/goam:flow-entropy:
            +--:(flow-entropy-trill)
               +--ro flow-entropy-trill?   flow-entropy-trill
      augment /goam:path-discovery/goam:output/goam:response:
            +--ro upstream-rbridge?   tril-rb-nickname
            +--ro next-hop-rbridge*   tril-rb-nickname

7.2.  Generic YANG Model extension for MPLS-TP OAM

   The MPLS-TP OAM YANG module is augmenting connection oriented OAM
   module for both configuration and RPC commands.

   The configuration extensions for connection oriented OAM include MD
   configuration extension, Technology type extension, Sub Technology
   Type Extension ,MA configuration extension, Connectivity-Context
   Extension, MEP Configuration Extension.  In the RPC extension, the




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   continuity-check and connectivity -verification RPCs are extended
   with MPLS-TP specific.

7.2.1.  MD Configuration Extension

   MD level configuration parameters are management information which
   can be inherited in the MPLS-TP OAM model and set by LIME base model
   as default values.  For example domain name can be set to area-ID or
   the provider's Autonomous System Number(ASN) [RFC6370] in the MPLS-TP
   OAM case.  In addition, at the Maintenance Domain level, domain data
   node at root level can be augmented with technology type and sub-
   technology type.

   Note that MD level configuration parameters provides context
   information for management system to correlate faults, defects,
   network failures with location information, which helps quickly
   identify root causes of network failures

7.2.1.1.  Technology Type Extension

   No MPLS-TP technology type has been defined in the connection
   oriented base model, hence it is required in the MPLS OAM model.  The
   technology type "mpls-tp" is defined as an identity that augments the
   base "technology-types" defined in the connection oriented base
   model:

       identity mpls-tp{
             base goam:technology-types;
             description
              "mpls-tp type";
            }

7.2.1.2.  Sub Technology Type Extension

   In MPLS-TP, since different encapsulation types such as IP/UDP
   Encapsulation, PW-ACH encapsulation can be employed, the "technology-
   sub-type" data node is defined and added into the MPLS OAM model to
   further identify the encapsulation types within the MPLS-TP OAM
   model.  Based on it, we also define a technology sub-type for IP/UDP
   encapsulation and PW-ACH encapsulation.  Other Encapsulation types
   can be defined in the same way.  The snippet below depicts an example
   of several encapsulation types.









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   identity technology-sub-type {
         description
         "certain implementations can have different
          encapsulation types such as ip/udp, pw-ach and so on.
          Instead of defining separate models for each
          encapsulation, we define a technology sub-type to
       further identify different encapsulations.
       Technology sub-type is associated at the MA level"; }

              identity technology-sub-type-udp {
                base technology-sub-type;
                description
                  "technology sub-type is IP/UDP encapsulation";
              }

              identity technology-sub-type-ach {
                base technology-sub-type;
                description
                  "technology sub-type is PW-ACH encapsulation";
              }
              }

         augment "/goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA" {
                leaf technology-sub-type {
                  type identityref {
                    base technology-sub-type;
                  }
                }
              }

7.2.2.  MA Configuration Extension

   MA level configuration parameters are management information which
   can be inherited in the MPLS-TP OAM model and set by Connection
   Oriented base model as default values.  One example of MA Name is MEG
   LSP ID or MEG Section ID or MEG PW ID[RFC6370].  In addition, at the
   Maintenance Association(MA) level, MA data node at the second level
   can be augmented with connectivity-context extension.

   Note that MA level configuration parameters provides context
   information for management system to correlate faults, defects,
   network failures with location information, which helps quickly
   identify root causes of network failures.








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7.2.2.1.  Connectivity-Context Extension

   In MPLS-TP, one example of connectivity-context is a 20 bit MPLS
   label.  The snippet below depicts an example of augmenting
   connectivity-context to include per VRF MPLS labels in IP VPN
   [RFC4364] or per CE MPLS labels in IP VPN [RFC4364].

   augment "/goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA
         /goam:connectivity-context"
                  {
                    case connectivity-context-mpls {
                       leaf vrf-label {
                         type vrf-label;}
                       leaf CE-label{
                         type CE-label;}
                     }
                  }

7.2.3.  MEP Configuration Extension

   In MPLS-TP, MEP-ID is either a variable length label value in case of
   G-ACH encapsulation or a 2 octet unsigned integer value in case of
   IP/UDP encapsulation.  One example of MEP-ID is MPLS-TP LSP_MEP_ID
   [RFC6370].  In the connection-oriented base model, MEP-ID is defined
   as a choice/case node which can support either a variable length
   label value or an int32 value, and the same definition can be used
   for MPLS-TP with no further modification.  In addition, at the
   Maintenance Association Endpoint(MEP) level, MEP data node at the
   third level can be augmented with Session extension and interface
   extension.

7.2.4.  RPC Extension

   In the MPLS-TP OAM YANG model, the continuity-check and connectivity-
   verification RPC commands are extended with MPLS-TP specific such as
   exp, receive-interval, detect-multiplier, etc.

8.  Note

   This section will be removed or subject to change in the future if
   any agreement is reached.  As per investigation of RFC7276 for
   performance Monitoring for Loss and Delay are defined for MPLS
   OAM(RFC6374[RFC6374]), and TRILL OAM (RFC7456[RFC7456]).  In case of
   Performance Monitoring Statistics are common between these
   technologies thus generic Yang model for Performance will be worked
   out through separate draft with Augmentation of Generic LIME model.
   In case of Other Function, it's technology specific and thus should
   be dealt in technology specific Yang model instead of Generic Model.



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9.  Security Considerations

   The YANG module defined in this memo is designed to be accessed via
   the NETCONF protocol [RFC6241] [RFC6241].  The lowest NETCONF layer
   is the secure transport layer and the mandatory-to-implement secure
   transport is SSH [RFC6242] [RFC6242].  The NETCONF access control
   model [RFC6536] [RFC6536] provides the means to restrict access for
   particular NETCONF users to a pre-configured subset of all available
   NETCONF protocol operations and content.

   There are a number of data nodes defined in the YANG module which are
   writable/creatable/deletable (i.e., config true, which is the
   default).  These data nodes may be considered sensitive or vulnerable
   in some network environments.  Write operations (e.g., <edit-config>)
   to these data nodes without proper protection can have a negative
   effect on network operations.

   The vulnerable "config true" subtrees and data nodes are the
   following:

   /goam:domains/goam:domain/

   /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/

   /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/goam:MEP

   /goam:domains/goam:domain/goam:MAs/goam:MA/goam:MEP/goam:session/

   Unauthorized access to any of these lists can adversely affect OAM
   management system handling of end-to-end OAM and coordination of OAM
   within underlying network layers This may lead to inconsistent
   configuration, reporting, and presentation for the OAM mechanisms
   used to manage the network.

10.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry [RFC3688]
   [RFC3688].  Following the format in RFC 3688, the following
   registration is requested to be made:

   URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-gen-oam

   Registrant Contact: The IESG.

   XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

   This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names
   registry [RFC6020].



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  name: ietf-gen-oam namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-gen-oam
     prefix: goam reference: RFC XXXX

11.  Acknowledgments

   Giles Heron came up with the idea of developing a YANG model as a way
   of creating a unified OAM API set (interface), work in this document
   is largely an inspiration of that.  Alexander Clemm provided many
   valuable tips, comments and remarks that helped to refine the YANG
   model presented in this document.

   Carlos Pignataro, David Ball,Mahesh Jethanandani,Benoit
   Claise,Ladislav Lhotka,GUBALLA JENS,Yuji Tochio,Gregory Mirsky, Huub
   van Helvoort, Tom Taylor, Dapeng Liu,Mishael Wexler, Adi Molkho
   participated and contributed to this document.

12.  References

12.1.  Normative References

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC3688]  Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC3688, January 2004,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3688>.

   [RFC6020]  Bjorklund, M., Ed., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for
              the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6020, October 2010,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6020>.

   [RFC6241]  Enns, R., Ed., Bjorklund, M., Ed., Schoenwaelder, J., Ed.,
              and A. Bierman, Ed., "Network Configuration Protocol
              (NETCONF)", RFC 6241, DOI 10.17487/RFC6241, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6241>.

   [RFC6242]  Wasserman, M., "Using the NETCONF Protocol over Secure
              Shell (SSH)", RFC 6242, DOI 10.17487/RFC6242, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6242>.

   [RFC6536]  Bierman, A. and M. Bjorklund, "Network Configuration
              Protocol (NETCONF) Access Control Model", RFC 6536,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6536, March 2012,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6536>.




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12.2.  Informative References

   [IEEE802.1Q]
              "Media Access Control (MAC) Bridges and Virtual Bridged
              Local Area Networks", IEEE Std 802.1Q-2011, August 2011.

   [RFC6291]  Andersson, L., van Helvoort, H., Bonica, R., Romascanu,
              D., and S. Mansfield, "Guidelines for the Use of the "OAM"
              Acronym in the IETF", BCP 161, RFC 6291,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6291, June 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6291>.

   [RFC6325]  Perlman, R., Eastlake 3rd, D., Dutt, D., Gai, S., and A.
              Ghanwani, "Routing Bridges (RBridges): Base Protocol
              Specification", RFC 6325, DOI 10.17487/RFC6325, July 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6325>.

   [RFC6371]  Busi, I., Ed. and D. Allan, Ed., "Operations,
              Administration, and Maintenance Framework for MPLS-Based
              Transport Networks", RFC 6371, DOI 10.17487/RFC6371,
              September 2011, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6371>.

   [RFC6374]  Frost, D. and S. Bryant, "Packet Loss and Delay
              Measurement for MPLS Networks", RFC 6374,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC6374, September 2011,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6374>.

   [RFC7174]  Salam, S., Senevirathne, T., Aldrin, S., and D. Eastlake
              3rd, "Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)
              Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
              Framework", RFC 7174, DOI 10.17487/RFC7174, May 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7174>.

   [RFC7276]  Mizrahi, T., Sprecher, N., Bellagamba, E., and Y.
              Weingarten, "An Overview of Operations, Administration,
              and Maintenance (OAM) Tools", RFC 7276,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC7276, June 2014,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7276>.

   [RFC7455]  Senevirathne, T., Finn, N., Salam, S., Kumar, D., Eastlake
              3rd, D., Aldrin, S., and Y. Li, "Transparent
              Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL): Fault
              Management", RFC 7455, DOI 10.17487/RFC7455, March 2015,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7455>.







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   [RFC7456]  Mizrahi, T., Senevirathne, T., Salam, S., Kumar, D., and
              D. Eastlake 3rd, "Loss and Delay Measurement in
              Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL)",
              RFC 7456, DOI 10.17487/RFC7456, March 2015,
              <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7456>.

   [Y.1731]   "OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based
              networks", ITU-T Recommendation G.8013/Y.1731, 2013.

Authors' Addresses

   Tissa Senevirathne
   Consultant

   Email: tsenevir@gmail.com


   Norman Finn
   CISCO Systems
   510 McCarthy Blvd
   Milpitas, CA  95035
   USA

   Email: nfinn@cisco.com


   Deepak Kumar (editor)
   CISCO Systems
   510 McCarthy Blvd
   Milpitas, CA  95035
   USA

   Email: dekumar@cisco.com


   Samer Salam
   CISCO Systems
   595 Burrard St. Suite 2123
   Vancouver, BC  V7X 1J1
   Canada

   Email: ssalam@cisco.com









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   Qin Wu (editor)
   Huawei
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
   Nanjing, Jiangsu  210012
   China

   Email: bill.wu@huawei.com


   Michael Wang
   Huawei Technologies,Co.,Ltd
   101 Software Avenue, Yuhua District
   Nanjing  210012
   China

   Email: wangzitao@huawei.com



































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