LISP Working Group S. Barkai
Internet-Draft B. Fernandez-Ruiz
Intended status: Informational R. Tamir
Expires: June 6, 2022 Nexar Inc.
A. Rodriguez-Natal
F. Maino
Cisco Systems
A. Cabellos-Aparicio
J. Paillisse Vilanova
Technical University of Catalonia
D. Farinacci
lispers.net
June 6, 2022
Network-Hexagons: H3-LISP Dataflow Virtualization for Mobility Edge
draft-ietf-lisp-nexagon-20
Abstract
Geolocation-Services aggregate raw data uploads from vehicles using
mobility edge compute locations and process these uploads to verified
,localized, geospatial detection-channels. Geospatial detection
channels are used by mobility clients in vehicles and in the cloud to
support aspects of Mobility use-cases: i. Crowd-sourced mapping of
lanes, markings, and signage ii. Intelligent Driving heads-up
notifications on hazards, blockages, and connivances such as parking
or charging on the driving route.
The allocation of Geolocation Services is dynamic and adjusted to
road activity and number of active vehicles. This dynamics combined
with the dynamics of vehicles mobile-access IP Anchors creates
coherency, context-switching, geo-privacy, and service continuity key
issues. These issues are resolved by dataflow virtualization, or
communication indirection, between mobility clients in vehicles and
Geolocation Services. LISP overlay network-virtualization offers a
mobility-network solution. Such a LISP mobility-network deployment is
described in this informational document.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 30, 2022.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2022 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3. Deployment Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Mobility Clients Network Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
5. Mobility Unicast and Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
9. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1. Introduction
Geolocation-Services aggregate raw data uploads from vehicles using
mobility edge compute locations and process these uploads to verified
,localized, geospatial detection-channels. Geospatial detection
channels are used by mobility clients in vehicles and in the cloud to
support aspects of Mobility use-cases: i. Crowd-sourced mapping of
lanes, markings, and signage ii. Intelligent Driving heads-up
notifications on hazards, blockages, and connivances such as parking
or charging on the driving route.
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Geolocation services transform inaccurate, duplicated geospatial data
captured and uploaded by multiple vehicles points of view, into
consolidated information channels. Functional abstraction of a
Geolocation Service includes:
- Addressable queues for uploads from mobility clients in vehicles
- Addressable detection channels subscribed to by mobility clients
- State & functions transforming upload data to detection channels
In order to scale in large cities and dense areas Geolocation Services
are broken to shards, or geospatial areas, according to formal grid
lines. The allocation of Geolocation Services shards is dynamic and
adjusted to road activity and number of active vehicles during times
of the day. Less shards per compute location and more locations
during peak commute hours to absorb the upload and processing load,
more shards per location and less compute locations during the night,
and the various street load conditions in between. This dynamics
combined with the dynamics of mobility clients in vehicles selecting
mobile-provider, and consequently switching IP Anchors, creates
key-issues:
- Coherency of Geolocation Services IP addresses cached in clients
- Context-switching between Geolocation Service shards while driving
- Geo-privacy of clients while interacting with Geolocation Services
- Service continuity when clients switch providers while driving
These issues are resolved by dataflow virtualization, or communication
indirection, between mobility clients and Geolocation Services.
Such communication when based on logical addresses of entities and
geospatial topics solves these issues. It allows for dynamic and
portable allocation of Geolocation Services, algorithmic context-
switching between Geolocation Services while driving, service
continuity when mobile carriers are switched by vehicle modules while
driving for reception, preserving the geo-privacy of mobility clients.
LISP overlay network-virtualization can offer such a solution through
specific use of Endpoint Identifiers (EID):
- EID addressing of upload queues per geospatial grid identifiers
- EID addressing of detection channels per geospatial topics
- EID addressing of mobility clients assigned and renewed periodically
These EIDs are tracked by the LISP mobility-network offering dynamic
portability of queues and channels, where functions are assumed to be
available in any compute location. Geolocation current-state used for
consolidation is quickly regenerated by Geolocation Services.
EIDs of mobility clients are tracked across the LISP mobility-network
enabling service continuity when mobile carriers are switched by the
vehicle systems. These EIDs are ephemeral and make it difficult
for just any mobility service provider to track mobility clients
movement during the day. The use of LISP as the mobility-network for
dataflow virtualization between mobility client to Geolocation
Services is described in this informational document
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Note 1: The breakdown of Geolocations Services to area-shards is done
based on formal grid lines known to both mobility clients and
Geolocation Services. Geospatial detections both raw uploads and
consolidated channels are also done using a formal grid known to both
clients and services. This document is based on the H3 grid
(https://h3geo.org/).H3 resolution 9 (H3.r9) or roughly 0.1 square
kilometers is used for the Geolocation Services shards, and H3
resolution 15 (H3.r15), roughly 1 square meter is used for geospatial
detections. Each such H3 hexagonal tile anywhere on the earth has a
unique 64bit identifier (HID).
Note 2: LISP solution for dataflow virtualization is an application
network. In order for clients and services to use it there needs to be
a formal provisioning step. For the clients this step will require AAA
procedure by which clients are assigned and renew EIDs and XTRs to be
used to communicate with services. This process may be done in various
vendor specific methods, in this document we use a DIAMETER [RFC6733]
based AAA service, this is meant as a life-cycle example only.
Note 3: In order to make the notion of geospatial detection concrete,
we add to the 64bit HID of "where" is a detection, 64bit of "what" is
the detection. These 64bits are detailed in a bit-mask of possible
detections based on a taxonomy defined by Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD)
consortium (https://bdd-data.berkeley.edu). It is meant as a baseline
that can be extended in additional specifications, yet proven minimal
sufficient in current implementations.
|-0-|-1-|-2-|-3-|-4-|-5-|-6-|-7-|-8-|-9-|-A-|-B-|-C-|-D-|-E-|-F-|
| H3 Hexagon ID Key |
|-0-|-1-|-2-|-3-|-4-|-5-|-6-|-7-|-8-|-9-|-A-|-B-|-C-|-D-|-E-|-F-|
| H3 Hexagon State-Value |
|---------------------------------------------------------------|
Figure 1: "Where-What" 64bit H3.r15 HID, 64bit-mask detection values
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2. Definition of Terms
H3ServiceEID: Is an EID addressable Geolocation Service shard.
It is a designated destination for geospatial detections,
and an (s,g) source of multicast of themed detection channels.
It has a light-weight LISP protocol stack to tunnel packets
aka ServerXTR. The EID is an IPv6 EID that contains the HID.
ServerXTR: Is a data-plane only LISP protocol stack implementation, it
is co-located with H3ServiceEID process. ServerXTR encapsulates and
decapsulates packets to and from EdgeRTRs.
MobilityClient: Is an application that may be a part of a vehicle
system, part of a navigation application, part of municipal
application, or a street view consumer application. It has a
light-weight LISP data-plane stack to packets - ClientXTR.
MobilityClient EID: Is the IPv6 EID used by the Mobility Clients.
The destination of such packets are H3ServiceEIDs. The EID format
is assigned as part of the MobilityClient mobility-network AAA.
ClientXTR: Is a data-plane only LISP protocol stack implementation
co-located with the Mobility Client application. It encapsulates
and decapsulates packets to and from EdgeRTRs.
EdgeRTR: Is the core scale and structure of the LISP mobility-network.
EdgeRTRs connect H3ServiceEIDs and MobilityClient H3ServiceEID.
EdgeRTRs also manage MobilityClients multicast registrations.
EdgeRTRs aggregate MobilityClients/H3Services using tunnels to
facilitate hosting-providers and mobile-providers for accessing the
mobility-network. EdgeRTRs decapsulate packets from ClientXTRs,
ServerXTRs and re-encapsulates packets to clients and servers
tunnels. EdgeRTRs glean H3ServiceEIDs and MobilityClient
EIDs when they decapsulates packets. EdgeRTRs store H3ServiceEIDs
and route locations (RLOC) of where the H3ServiceEID is currently
using the map-cache. Mappings are registered to the LISP mapping
system.These mappings may be provisioned when H3Services are
assigned EdgeRTRs. EdgeRTRs do not register MobilityClients' EIDs.
Enterprises may provide their own EdgeRTRs to protect geo-privacy.
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___ ___
H3ServiceEIDs ___ / \ H3ServiceEIDs ___ / \
___ / | H3.r9 | ___ / | H3.r9 |
/ | H3.r9 \ ___ / / | H3.r9 \ ___ /
| H3.r9 \ ___ / sXTR | H3.r9 \ ___ / sXTR
\ ___ / sXTR | \ ___ / sXTR |
sXTR | | sXTR | |
| | | | | |
| | | | | |
+ - - + - - EdgeRTR EdgeRTR - + - + - - +
|| ( ( (( ||
( )
( Network Hexagons )
( H3-LISP )
( mobility-network )
(( )
|| (( (()) () ||
|| ||
= = = = = = = = = = = = = =
|| ||
EdgeRTR EdgeRTR
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
((((|)))) ((((|)))) ((((|)))) ((((|))))
/|\ RAN /|\ /|\ RAN /|\
.. ..
.. ..
.. Road tiled by 1 sqm H3.r15 ID-Ed Geo-States ..
.. ..
.. ___ ___ ___ ..
.. ............. / \/ \/ \ << cXTR::MobilityClientB
.. - - - - - - - H3.r15 H3.r15 H3.r15 - - - - - - - - - - - -
MobilityClientA::cXTR >> \ ___ /\ ___ / .......................
Figure 2: H3.r15 state representation, H3.r9 state aggregation
Figure 2 above describes the following entities:
- MobilityClientA detections used by MobilityClientB, and, vice versa
- Clients: share information via Geolocation Services routed by LISP
- ClientXTR (cXTR): tunnels packets over access networks to EdgeRTR
- ServerXTR (sXTR): tunnels packets over cloud networks to EdgeRTR
- H3-LISP Mobility Network: overlay which spans cXTRs to sXTRs
- Uploads: routed to appropriate Geolocation Service by LISP
- EdgeRTRs: perform multicast replication to EdgeRTRs and to cXTRs
- Clients: receive geospatial detection updates via multicast channels
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3. Deployment Assumptions
The specification described in this document makes the following
deployment assumptions:
(1) Unique 64bit HID is associated with each H3 geo-spatial tile
(2) MobilityClients and H3ServiceEIDs share grid based indexing
(3) 64bit BDD state value is associated with each H3-indexed tile
(4) Tile state is compiled 16 fields of 4-bits, or max 16 enums
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
|-0-|-1-|-2-|-3-|-4-|-5-|-6-|-7-|-8-|-9-|-A-|-B-|-C-|-D-|-E-|-F-|
|0123012301230123012301230123012301230123012301230123012301230123
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
Figure 3: Nibble based representation, 16 fields x 16 enumerations
We name the nibbles using hexadecimal index according to the
position where the most significant nibble has index 0.
Values are defined in section 8.
Subscription of MobilityClients to mobility-network is renewed
while driving. It is not intended as the basic connectivity.
MobilityClients use DNS/AAA to obtain temporary EIDs/EdgeRTRs
and use (LISP) data-plane tunnels to communicate using their
temporary EIDs with the dynamically assigned EdgeRTRs. MobilityClient
are otherwise unaware of the LISP network control plane and regard
the data-plane tunnels as mobility network.
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In order to get access to the mobility-network, MobilityClients first
authenticate with the Mobility AAA. DIAMETER [RFC6733] based AAA can
be used as a solution for the many types of mobility clients: vehicle
systems, driving applications, city and consumer applications.
ClientXTRs perform the following steps to use the mobility-network:
1) obtain the address of the mobility-network AAA server using DNS
2) obtain MobilityClientEIDs and EdgeRTRs from AAA DIAMETER server
3) renew authorization from AAA while using the mobility-network
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MobilityClient DomainNameServer DIAMETER-AAA MobilityEdgeRTR
| | | |
| nslookup nexagon | | |
|------------------->| | |
|<-------------------| | |
| Mobility AAA IP | | |
| | | |
| AAR(AVP:IMSI/User/Password/Toyota) | |
|--------------------------------------->| |
| | | ACR(AVP ClientEID)|
| | |------------------>|
| | |<------------------|
| | | ACA(AVP ClientEID)|
| AAA (Client::EID,EdgeRTR::RLOC) | |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| | | |
. .
. Upload to IPv6 H3ServiceEID, Subscribe MLDv2 H3ServiceEID .
. .
| |
|----------------------------------------------------------->|
. .
. .
|<-----------------------------------------------------------|
| |
. .
. Signal freeing multicast Updates from H3ServiceEID .
. .
| | | |
| AAR(Interim) | |
|--------------------------------------->| ACR (Interim) |
| | |------------------>|
| | |<------------------|
| | | ACA (Interim) |
|<---------------------------------------| |
| AAA (Interim) | |
Figure 4: DNS and AAA Exchange for lisp mobility-network login
Using such an AAA procedure we can ensure that:
- MobilityClientEIDs serve as credentials with the EdgeRTRs
- EdgeRTRs are provisioned to whitelist MobilityClient EIDs
- EdgeRTRs are not tightly coupled to H3.r9 areas (privacy/balance)
- MobilityClients do not need to update EdgeRTRs while driving
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4. Mobility Clients Network Services
The mobility-network functions as a standard LISP overlay.
The overlay delivers unicast and multicast packets across:
- multiple access-networks and radio-access specifications
- multiple cloud edge providers, public, private, and hybrid
We use data-plane XTRs in the stack of each mobility client/server.
ClientXTRs and ServerXTRs are homed to one or more EdgeRTRs.
This structure allows for MobilityClients to "show up" at any location
behind any network provider in a given mobility-network admin/NAT
domain, and for any H3ServiceEID to be instantiated, moved, or
failed-over to any cluster in any cloud-provider. LISP overlay enables
these roaming mobility-network elements to communicate uninterrupted.
This quality is insured by the LISP RFCs. The determination of
identities for MobilityClients to always refer to the correct
H3ServiceEID is insured by H3 geo-spatial HIDs.
In this specification we assume semi-random association between
ClientXTRs and EdgeRTRs applied by the AAA procedure. We assume that
in a given metro edge a pool of EdgeRTRs can distribute the Mobility
Clients load randomly between them and that EdgeRTRs are topologically
equivalent. Each RTR uses LISP to tunnel traffic to and from other
EdgeRTRs forMobilityClient and H3Service exchanges.
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To summarize the H3LISP mobility-network layout:
(1) Mobility-Clients traffic is tunneled via data-plane ClientXTRs
ClientXTRs are homed to EdgeRTR(s)
(2) H3ServiceEID traffic is tunneled via data-plane ServerXTR
ServerXTRs are homed to EdgeRTR(s)
(3) EdgeRTRs use mapping service to resolve unicast EIDs to RTR RLOCs
EdgeRTRs also register to (Source, Group) H3ServiceEID multicasts
MobilityClients <> ClientXTR <Access Provider > EdgeRTR v
v
v < < < < LISP Mobility-Network Overlay < < < < v
v
> > > > EdgeRTR <Cloud Provider> ServerXTR <> H3ServiceEID
Figure 5: The Data Flow Between MobilityClients and H3ServiceEIDs
5. Mobility Unicast and Multicast
Regardless of the way a given ClientXTR was associated with EdgeRTR,
an authenticated MobilityClient EID can send: [64bitH3.15ID ::
64bitState] detection to the H3.r9 H3ServiceEID. The H3.r9 EID can
be calculated by clients algorithmically from the H3.15 localization.
The ClientXTR encapsulates MobilityClient EID and H3ServiceEID from
the ClientXTR with the destination of the EdgeRTR RLOC LISP port.
EdgeRTRs then re-encapsulate annotation packets to remote EdgeRTR.
The remote EdgeRTR aggregating H3ServiceEIDs re-encapsulates
MobilityClient EID to the ServerXTR of the H3ServiceEID.
The headers consist of the following fields:
Outer headers size = 40 (IPv6) + 8 (UDP) + 8 (LISP) = 56
Inner headers size = 40 (IPv6) + 8 (UDP) + 4 (Nexagon Header) = 52
1500 (MTU) - 56 - 52 = 1392 bytes of effective payload size
Nexagon Header Type allows for kv tupples or vkkk flooding using the
same key and the same formats of key and value
Type 0:reserved
Type 1:key-value, key-value.. 1392 / (8 + 8) = 87 pairs
Type 2:value, key,key,key.. (1392 - 8) / 8 = 173 H3-R15 IDs
Type 3-255: unassigned
Nexagon Header GZIP field: 0x000 no compression, or GZIP version.
The compression refers to entire kv or vkkk payload.
Nexagon Header Reserved bits
Nexagon Header key and value count (in any format)
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Source MobilityClientEID + |
| | IPv6
+ + |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Dest H3ServiceEID + |
| | |
+ + |
| | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = xxxx | \
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ UDP
| UDP Length | UDP Checksum | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type |gzip | Reserved | Pair Count = X| Nexgon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 6: Uploaded detections packet format
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To Summarize Unicast Uploads:
(1) MobilityClients can send detections localized to H3.r15 tile.
These detections are sent to H3.r9 mobility H3ServiceEIDs
(2) MobilityClient EID and H3ServiceEID HID are encapsulated:
XTR <> RTR <> RTR <> XTR
(3) RTRs re-encapsulate original source-dest to ServerXTRs
ServerXTRs decapsulate packets to H3ServiceEID
Each H3Service is also an IP Multicast Source used to update
subscribers on the aggregate state of the H3.r15 tiles in the H3.r9
area. We use [RFC8378] signal-free multicast to implement channels
in the overlay. The mobility-network has many channels, with thousands
subscribers per channel. MobilityClients driving through/subscribing
to an H3.r9 area can explicitly issue an [RFC4604] MLDv2 in order to
subscribe, or, may be subscribed implicitly by the EdgeRTR.
The advantage of explicit client MLDv2 registration as [RFC8378]
trigger is that clients manage their own mobility multicast per
driving-direction vectors, and that it allows for otherwise silent
non uploading clients. The advantage of EdgeRTR implicit registration
is that less signaling required.
MLDv2 signaling messages are encapsulated between the ClientXTR and
EdgeRTR, therefore there is no requirement for the underlying network
to support native multicast. If native access multicast is supported
then MobilityClient registration to H3ServiceEID safety channels may
be integrated with it, in which case mobile packet-core element
supporting it will use this standard to register with the
appropriate Geolocation Service channels in its area.
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Multicast update packets are of the following structure:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Source H3-R9 EID Address + |
| | IPv6
+ + |
| | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| | |
+ + |
| | |
+ Group Address + |
| | |
+ + |
| | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source Port = xxxx | Dest Port = xxxx | \
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ UDP
| UDP Length | UDP Checksum | /
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| |Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
~ Nexagons Payload ~
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 7: multicast update packet header
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type = 1 |gzip | Reserved | Pair Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 8: multicast update payload, key-value, key-value..
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ \
| Type = 2 |gzip | Reserved |H3R15 Count = X|Nexagon
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ /
| |
+ 64bit State +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+ 64bit H3-R15 ID +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 9: multicast update payload, value, key, key.. for larger areas
The remote EdgeRTRs homing MobilityClients in turn replicate the
packet to the MobilityClients registered with them.
We expect an average of 600 H3.r15 tiles of the full 7^6 (~100K)
possible in H3.r9 to be part of any road. The H3.r9 server can
transmit the status of all 600 or just those with meaningful states
based on updated SLA and policy.
To Summarize:
(1) EIDClients tune to H3.r9 mobility updates using [RFC8378]
EIDClient issue MLDv2 registration to H3.r9 HIDs
ClientXTRs encapsulate MLDv2 to EdgeRTRs who register (s,g).
(2) ServerXTRs encapsulate updates to EdgeRTRs who map-resolve (s,g)
RLOCs EdgeRTRs replicate mobility update and tunnel to registered
EdgeRTRs Remote EdgeRTRs replicate updates to ClientXTRs.
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6. Security Considerations
The nexagon mobility-network is inherently secure and private.
All information is conveyed using Geolocation Services.
MobilityClients receive information only from geospatial channels
originating from a trusted server. MobilityClients have no indication
as to the origin of the raw data.
In order to be able to use the nexagon mobility-network for a given
period, the mobility clients go through a DNS/AAA stage by which they
obtain their clientEID identifiers-credentials and the RLOCs of
EdgeRTRs they may use as gateways to the network. This MobilityClient
<> EdgeRTR interface is the most sensitive in this network to privacy
and security considerations.
The traffic on the MobilityClient<>EdgeRTR interface is tunneled, and
its UDP content may be encrypted; still, the EdgeRTR will know based
on the LISP headers alone the MobilityClient RLOC and H3-R9 (~0.1sqkm)
geo-spatial area to which a given client uploads or subscribes to.
For this reason we envision the ability of enterprise or groups of
users to "bring their own" EdgeRTRs. For example a car OEM offering
EdgeRTRs on behalf of its vehicles for use with Geolocation Services.
BYO-RTR masks individual clients' RLOC to H3.r9 association and is
pre-provisioned to be able to use the
mapping system and be on a white-list of EdgeRTRs aggregating
H3ServiceEIDs. If the EdgeRTR functionality is delivered by 5GCore UPF
then the only entity which can correlate underlay IP, User, and Geo-
location is the regulated carrier, which can do so anyway.
Beyond this hop, the mapping system does not hold MobilityClientEIDs,
and remote EdgeRTRs are only aware of MobilityClient ephemeral EIDs,
not actual RLOC or any other mobile-device identifiers. EdgeRTRs
register in the mapping (s,g) H3-R9 multicast groups. Which clients
use which EdgeRTR is not in the mapping system, only the AAA server is
aware of that. The H3ServiceEIDs themselves decrypt and parse actual
H3-R15 annotations; they also consider during this MobilityClientEID
credentials to avoid "fake-news", but again these are only temporary
EIDs allocated to clients in order to be able to use the mobility
network and not for their actual IP.
H3Services are provisioned to their EdgeRTRs, in the EdgeRTRs, and
optionally also in the mapping system.
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In summary of main risk mitigations for the lisp-nexagon interface:
(1) tapping: all communications are through dynamic tunnels therefore
may be encrypted using IP-Sec or other supported point to point
underlay standards. These are not static tunnels but LISP re-tunneling
routers (RTRs) perform all nexagon Overlay aggregation.
(2) spoofing: it is very hard to guess a MobilityClientEID valid for
a short period of time. Clients and H3Services EIDs are whitelisted
in EdgeRTRs, Clients using the AAA procedure, H3Services via dev-ops.
(3) impersonating: efforts to use MobilityClients and H3Services RLOCs
should be caught by the underlying service provider edge and access
networks. EID impersonating is caught by EdgeRTR EID RLOC whitelist
mismatch.
(4) credibility: the interface crowd-sources geo-state and does not
assume to trust single detections. Credit history track to
MobilityClientEIDs by as part of normal H3Services fact checking,
aggregate scores affect AAA credentials.
(5) privacy: Only EdgeRTRs are aware of both clients' RLOC and
geo-location, only AAA is aware of client IDs credentials and credit
but not geo-location. Aggregate credit score span all H3Services
administratively without source.
7. Acknowledgments
We would like to kindly thank Joel Halperin for helping structure the
AAA section and Geo-Privacy provisions, Luigi Lannone for promoting
such LISP Compute First Networking (CFN) use-cases, helping structure
the IANA section, and shepherding this draft to completion. We would
like to thank George Ericson for help clarifying Geolocation Services
terminology through work on the AECC specifications and papers.
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8. IANA Considerations
This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the LISP
specification, in accordance with BCP 26 [RFC8126].
IANA is asked to create a registry named NEXAGON Parameters.
Such registry should be populated with the following sub registries.
State Enumeration Field 0x0: Traffic Direction:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Lane North | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Lane North + 30 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Lane North + 60 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Lane North + 90 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Lane North + 120 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Lane North + 150 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Lane North + 180 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Lane North + 210 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Lane North + 240 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Lane North + 270 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Lane North + 300 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Lane North + 330 | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Junction | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Shoulder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Sidewalk | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x1: Persistent Condition:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Pothole Light | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Pothole Deep | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Speed-bump Low | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Speed-bump High | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Icy | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Flooded | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Snow-cover | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Deep Snow | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Cone | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Gravel | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Choppy | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Blind-Curve | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Steep | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Low-bridge | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Other | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x2: Transient Condition:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Jaywalker | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Bike or Scooter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Stopped Vehicle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Moving on Shoulder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | First Responder | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Sudden Slowdown | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Oversize Vehicle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Light/Sign Breach | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Collision Light | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Collision Severe | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Collision Debris | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Collision Course | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Vehicle Hard Brake | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Vehicle Sharp Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Freed-up Parking | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x3: Traffic-light Counter:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | 1 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 2 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 3 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 4 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 5 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 6 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 7 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 8 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 9 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 10 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 30 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 60 Second to Green | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Green Now | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Red Now | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x4: Impacted Tile:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Epicenter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 2 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 3 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 4 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 5 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 6 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 7 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 8 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 9 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 10 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 30 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 60 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | <100 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | <200 Tiles Away | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x5: Expected Duration:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Next 1 Second | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Next 5 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Next 10 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Next 20 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Next 40 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Next 60 Seconds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Next 2 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Next 3 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Next 4 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Next 5 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Next 10 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Next 15 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Next 30 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Next 60 Minutes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Next 24 Hours | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x6: Lane Right Sign:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Yield | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Speed Limit | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Straight Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | No Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Right Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | No Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Left Only | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | No Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Right Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Left Straight | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | No U Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | No Left or U | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Bike Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | HOV Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Stop | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x7: Movement Sign:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Keep Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Keep Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Stay in Lane | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Do Not Enter | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | No Trucks | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | No Bikes | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | No Peds | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | One Way | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Parking | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | No Parking | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | No Standing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | No Passing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Loading Zone | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Rail Crossing | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | School Zone | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x8: Curves & Intersections:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | Turns Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | Turns Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | Curves Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | Curves Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | Reverses Left | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | Reverses Right | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | Winding Road | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | Hair Pin | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | Pretzel Turn | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | Cross Roads | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | Cross T | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | Cross Y | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | Circle | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | Lane Ends | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | Road Narrows | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0x9: Tile Traffic Speed:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | < 1 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | < 2 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | < 3 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | < 4 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | < 5 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | < 6 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | < 7 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | < 8 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | < 9 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | < 10 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | < 20 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | < 30 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | < 40 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | < 50 m/sec | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | > 50 m/sec | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
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State Enumeration Field 0xA: Pedestrian Curb Density:
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| Value | Description | Reference |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
| 0x0 | Null | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x1 | 100% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x2 | 95% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x3 | 90% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x4 | 85% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x5 | 80% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x6 | 70% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x7 | 60% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x8 | 50% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0x9 | 40% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xA | 30% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xB | 20% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xC | 15% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xD | 10% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xE | 5% | [This Document] |
| | | |
| 0xF | No Peds | [This Document] |
+-------+--------------------+-----------------+
State enumeration fields 0xB, 0xC, 0xD, 0xE, 0xF, are unassigned.
IANA can assign them on a "First Come First Served" basis
according to [RFC8126].
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9. Normative References
[I-D.ietf-lisp-rfc6830bis]
Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., Lewis, D., and A.
Cabellos-Aparicio, "The Locator/ID Separation Protocol
(LISP)", draft-ietf-lisp-rfc6830bis-38 (work in progress),
May 2020.
[RFC4604] Holbrook, H., Cain, B., and B. Haberman, "Using Internet
Group Management Protocol Version 3 (IGMPv3) and Multicast
Listener Discovery Protocol Version 2 (MLDv2) for Source-
Specific Multicast", RFC 4604, DOI 10.17487/RFC4604,
August 2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4604>.
[RFC6733] Fajardo, V., Ed., Arkko, J., Loughney, J., and G. Zorn,
Ed., "Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 6733,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6733, October 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6733>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., Narten, T., "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", RFC8126,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8126>.
[RFC8378] Farinacci, D., Moreno, V., "Signal-Free Locator/ID
Separation Protocol (LISP) Multicast", RFC8378,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8378, May 2018,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8378>.
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Authors' Addresses
Sharon Barkai
Nexar
CA
USA
Email: sbarkai@gmail.com
Bruno Fernandez-Ruiz
Nexar
London
UK
Email: b@getnexar.com
Rotem Tamir
Nexar
Israel
rotemtamir@getnexar.com
Alberto Rodriguez-Natal
Cisco Systems
170 Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: natal@cisco.com
Fabio Maino
Cisco Systems
170 Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: fmaino@cisco.com
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Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
Technical University of Catalonia
Barcelona
Spain
Email: acabello@ac.upc.edu
Jordi Paillisse-Vilanova
Technical University of Catalonia
Barcelona
Spain
Email: jordip@ac.upc.edu
Dino Farinacci
lispers.net
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: farinacci@gmail.com
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