Network Working Group Ned Freed, Innosoft
Internet Draft Steve Kille, ISODE Consortium
Obsoletes: 1565, 2248 <draft-ietf-madman-netsm-mib-01.txt>
Network Services Monitoring MIB
November 1998
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft. Internet-Drafts are working
documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and
its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working
documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months.
Internet-Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
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To view the entire list of current Internet-Drafts, please check the
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ftp.ietf.org (US East Coast), or ftp.isi.edu (US West Coast).
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
1. Introduction
A networked application is a realization of some well defined service on
one or more host computers that is accessible via some network, uses
some network for its internal operations, or both.
There are a wide range of networked applications for which it is
appropriate to provide SNMP monitoring of their network usage. This
includes applications using both TCP/IP and OSI networking. This
document defines a MIB which contains the elements common to the
Internet Draft Network Services Monitoring MIB November 1998
monitoring of any network service application. This information
includes a table of all monitorable network service applications, a
count of the associations (connections) to each application, and basic
information about the parameters and status of each application-related
association.
This MIB may be used on its own for any application, and for most simple
applications this will suffice. This MIB is also designed to serve as a
building block which can be used in conjunction with application-
specific monitoring and management. Two examples of this are MIBs
defining additional variables for monitoring a Message Transfer Agent
(MTA) service or a Directory Service Agent (DSA) service. It is expected
that further MIBs of this nature will be specified.
This MIB does not attempt to provide facilities for management of the
host or hosts the network service application runs on, nor does it
provide facilities for monitoring applications that provide something
other than a network service. Host resource and general application
monitoring is handled by the Host Resources MIB at present; development
of an additional application MIB is currently underway in the IETF.
2. Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................... 1
2 Table of Contents ............................................... 2
3 The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework ......................... 3
3.1 Object Definitions ............................................ 3
4 Rationale for having a Network Services Monitoring MIB .......... 3
4.1 General Relationship to Other MIBs ............................ 4
4.2 Restriction of Scope .......................................... 4
4.3 Configuration Information ..................................... 5
5 Application Objects ............................................. 5
6 Definitions ..................................................... 6
7 Changes made since RFC 2248 ..................................... 21
8 Acknowledgements ................................................ 21
9 References ...................................................... 21
10 Security Considerations ........................................ 23
11 Author and Chair Addresses ..................................... 23
12 Full Copyright Statement ....................................... 23
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3. The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework
The SNMPv2 Network Management Framework consists of seven major
components. They are:
o RFC 1902 [1] which defines the SMI, the mechanisms used for
describing and naming objects for the purpose of management.
o RFC 1903 [2] defines textual conventions for SNMPv2.
o RFC 1904 [3] defines conformance statements for SNMPv2.
o RFC 1905 [4] defines transport mappings for SNMPv2.
o RFC 1906 [5] defines the protocol operations used for network
access to managed objects.
o RFC 1907 [6] defines the Management Information Base for SNMPv2.
o RFC 1908 [7] specifies coexistance between SNMP and SNMPv2.
The Framework permits new objects to be defined for the purpose of
experimentation and evaluation.
3.1. Object Definitions
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the
Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using
the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) defined in the SMI.
In particular, each object type is named by an OBJECT IDENTIFIER, an
administratively assigned name. The object type together with an object
instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the
object. For human convenience, we often use a textual string, termed
the descriptor, to refer to the object type.
4. Rationale for having a Network Services Monitoring MIB
Much effort has been expended in developing tools to manage lower layer
network facilities. However, relatively little work has been done on
managing application layer entities. It is neither efficient nor
reasonable to manage all aspects of application layer entities using
only lower layer information. Moreover, the difficulty of managing
application entities in this way increases dramatically as application
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entities become more complex.
This leads to a substantial need to monitor applications which provide
network services, particularly distributed components such as MTAs and
DSAs, by monitoring specific aspects of the application itself. Reasons
to monitor such components include but are not limited to measuring
load, detecting broken connectivity, isolating system failures, and
locating congestion.
In order to manage network service applications effectively two
requirements must be met:
(1) It must be possible to monitor a large number of components
(typical for a large organization).
(2) Application monitoring must be integrated into general network
management.
This specification defines simple read-only access; this is sufficient
to determine up/down status and provide an indication of a broad class
of operational problems.
4.1. General Relationship to Other MIBs
This MIB is intended to only provide facilities common to the monitoring
of any network service application. It does not provide all the
facilities necessary to monitor any specific application. Each specific
type of network service application is expected to have a MIB of its own
that makes use of these common facilities.
4.2. Restriction of Scope
The framework provided here is very minimal; there is a lot more that
could be done. For example:
(1) General network service application configuration monitoring and
control.
(2) Detailed examination and modification of individual entries in
service-specific request queues.
(3) Probing to determine the status of a specific request (e.g., the
location of a mail message with a specific message-id).
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(4) Requesting that certain actions be performed (e.g., forcing an
immediate connection and transfer of pending messages to some
specific system).
All these capabilities are both impressive and useful. However, these
capabilities would require provisions for strict security checking.
These capabilities would also mandate a much more complex design, with
many characteristics likely to be fairly implementation-specific. As a
result such facilities are likely to be both contentious and difficult
to implement.
This document religiously keeps things simple and focuses on the basic
monitoring aspect of managing applications providing network services.
The goal here is to provide a framework which is simple, useful, and
widely implementable.
4.3. Configuration Information
This MIB attempts to provide information about the operational aspects
of an application. Further information about the actual configuration of
a given application may be kept in other places; the applDirectoryName
or applURL may be used to point to places where such information is
kept.
5. Application Objects
This MIB defines a set of general purpose attributes which would be
appropriate for a range of applications that provide network services.
Both OSI and non-OSI services can be accomodated. Additional tables
defined in extensions to this MIB provide attributes specific to
specific network services.
A table is defined which will have one row for each operational network
service application on the system. The only static information held on
the application is its name. All other static information should be
obtained from various directory services. The applDirectoryName is an
external key, which allows an SNMP MIB entry to be cleanly related to
the X.500 Directory. In SNMP terms, the applications are grouped in a
table called applTable, which is indexed by an integer key applIndex.
The type of the application will be determined by one or both of:
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(1) Additional MIB variables specific to the applications.
(2) An association to the application of a specific protocol.
6. Definitions
NETWORK-SERVICES-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
OBJECT-TYPE, Counter32, Gauge32, MODULE-IDENTITY, mib-2
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
DisplayString, TimeStamp, TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
FROM SNMPv2-TC
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP
FROM SNMPv2-CONF;
application MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9808030000Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF Mail and Directory Management Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
" Ned Freed
Postal: Innosoft International, Inc.
1050 Lakes Drive
West Covina, CA 91790
US
Tel: +1 626 919 3600
Fax: +1 626 919 3614
E-Mail: ned.freed@innosoft.com"
DESCRIPTION
"The MIB module describing network service applications"
REVISION "9311280000Z"
DESCRIPTION
"The original version of this MIB was published in RFC 1565"
REVISION "9708170000Z"
DESCRIPTION
"This revision, published in RFC 2248, adds the
applDescription and applURL objects, adds the quiescing
state to the applOperStatus object, and renames the MIB
from the APPLICATION-MIB to the NETWORK-SERVICE-MIB."
REVISION "9811130000Z"
DESCRIPTION
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"This revision, published in RFC XXXX, fixes a number of
technical problems found in previous versions. No changes
have been made to the objects this MIB defines."
::= {mib-2 27}
-- Textual conventions
-- DistinguishedName is used to refer to objects in the
-- directory.
DistinguishedName ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
DISPLAY-HINT "255a"
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A Distinguished Name represented in accordance with
RFC 1779."
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..255))
-- Uniform Resource Locators are stored in URLStrings.
URLString ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
DISPLAY-HINT "255a"
DESCRIPTION
"A Uniform Resource Locator represented in accordance
with RFCs 1738 and 2368."
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (0..255))
-- The basic applTable contains a list of the application
-- entities.
applTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF ApplEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The table holding objects which apply to all different
kinds of applications providing network services.
Each network service application capable of being
monitored should have a single entry in this table."
::= {application 1}
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applEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX ApplEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry associated with a single network service
application."
INDEX {applIndex}
::= {applTable 1}
ApplEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
applIndex
INTEGER,
applName
DisplayString,
applDirectoryName
DistinguishedName,
applVersion
DisplayString,
applUptime
TimeStamp,
applOperStatus
INTEGER,
applLastChange
TimeStamp,
applInboundAssociations
Gauge32,
applOutboundAssociations
Gauge32,
applAccumulatedInboundAssociations
Counter32,
applAccumulatedOutboundAssociations
Counter32,
applLastInboundActivity
TimeStamp,
applLastOutboundActivity
TimeStamp,
applRejectedInboundAssociations
Counter32,
applFailedOutboundAssociations
Counter32,
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applDescription
DisplayString,
applURL
URLString
}
applIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index to uniquely identify the network service
application. This attribute is the index used for
lexicographic ordering of the table."
::= {applEntry 1}
applName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The name the network service application chooses to be
known by."
::= {applEntry 2}
applDirectoryName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DistinguishedName
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The Distinguished Name of the directory entry where
static information about this application is stored.
An empty string indicates that no information about
the application is available in the directory."
::= {applEntry 3}
applVersion OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The version of network service application software.
This field is usually defined by the vendor of the
network service application software."
::= {applEntry 4}
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applUptime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime at the time the network service
application was last initialized. If the application was
last initialized prior to the last initialization of the
network management subsystem, then this object contains
a zero value."
::= {applEntry 5}
applOperStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
up(1),
down(2),
halted(3),
congested(4),
restarting(5),
quiescing(6)
}
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the operational status of the network service
application. 'down' indicates that the network service is
not available. 'up' indicates that the network service
is operational and available. 'halted' indicates that the
service is operational but not available. 'congested'
indicates that the service is operational but no additional
inbound associations can be accomodated. 'restarting'
indicates that the service is currently unavailable but is
in the process of restarting and will be available soon.
'quiescing' indicates that service is currently operational
but is in the process of shutting down. Additional inbound
associations may be rejected by applications in the
'quiescing' state."
::= {applEntry 6}
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applLastChange OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime at the time the network service
application entered its current operational state. If
the current state was entered prior to the last
initialization of the local network management subsystem,
then this object contains a zero value."
::= {applEntry 7}
applInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of current associations to the network service
application, where it is the responder. An inbound
assocation occurs when a another application successfully
connects to this one."
::= {applEntry 8}
applOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Gauge32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of current associations to the network service
application, where it is the initiator. An outbound
association occurs when this application successfully
connects to another one."
::= {applEntry 9}
applAccumulatedInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of associations to the application entity
since application initialization, where it was the responder."
::= {applEntry 10}
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applAccumulatedOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of associations to the application entity
since application initialization, where it was the initiator."
::= {applEntry 11}
applLastInboundActivity OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime at the time this application last
had an inbound association. If the last association
occurred prior to the last initialization of the network
subsystem, then this object contains a zero value."
::= {applEntry 12}
applLastOutboundActivity OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime at the time this application last
had an outbound association. If the last association
occurred prior to the last initialization of the network
subsystem, then this object contains a zero value."
::= {applEntry 13}
applRejectedInboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number of inbound associations the application
entity has rejected, since application initialization.
Rejected associations are not counted in the accumulated
association totals. Note that this only counts
associations the application entity has rejected itself;
it does not count rejections that occur at lower layers
of the network. Thus, this counter may not reflect the
true number of failed inbound associations."
::= {applEntry 14}
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applFailedOutboundAssociations OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The total number associations where the application entity
is initiator and association establishment has failed,
since application initialization. Failed associations are
not counted in the accumulated association totals."
::= {applEntry 15}
applDescription OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A text description of the application. This information
is intended to identify and briefly describe the
application in a status display."
::= {applEntry 16}
applURL OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX URLString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A URL pointing to a description of the application.
This information is intended to identify and describe
the application in a status display."
::= {applEntry 17}
-- The assocTable augments the information in the applTable
-- with information about associations. Note that two levels
-- of compliance are specified below, depending on whether
-- association monitoring is mandated.
assocTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF AssocEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The table holding a set of all active application
associations."
::= {application 2}
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assocEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AssocEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry associated with an association for a network
service application."
INDEX {applIndex, assocIndex}
::= {assocTable 1}
AssocEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
assocIndex
INTEGER,
assocRemoteApplication
DisplayString,
assocApplicationProtocol
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
assocApplicationType
INTEGER,
assocDuration
TimeStamp
}
assocIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index to uniquely identify each association for a network
service application. This attribute is the index that is
used for lexicographic ordering of the table. Note that the
table is also indexed by the applIndex."
::= {assocEntry 1}
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assocRemoteApplication OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX DisplayString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The name of the system running remote network service
application. For an IP-based application this should be
either a domain name or IP address. For an OSI application
it should be the string encoded distinguished name of the
managed object. For X.400(1984) MTAs which do not have a
Distinguished Name, the RFC 2156 syntax 'mta in
globalid' used in X400-Received: fields can be used. Note,
however, that not all connections an MTA are necessarily
to another MTA."
::= {assocEntry 2}
assocApplicationProtocol OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OBJECT IDENTIFIER
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An identification of the protocol being used for the
application. For an OSI Application, this will be the
Application Context. For Internet applications, the IANA
maintains a registry of the OIDs which correspond to
well-known applications. If the application protocol is
not listed in the registry, an OID value of the form
{applTCPProtoID port} or {applUDProtoID port} are used for
TCP-based and UDP-based protocols, respectively. In either
case 'port' corresponds to the primary port number being
used by the protocol."
::= {assocEntry 3}
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assocApplicationType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER {
uainitiator(1),
uaresponder(2),
peerinitiator(3),
peerresponder(4)}
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This indicates whether the remote application is some type of
client making use of this network service (e.g., a Mail User
Agent) or a server acting as a peer. Also indicated is whether
the remote end initiated an incoming connection to the network
service or responded to an outgoing connection made by the
local application. MTAs and messaging gateways are
considered to be peers for the purposes of this variable."
::= {assocEntry 4}
assocDuration OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The value of sysUpTime at the time this association was
started. If this association started prior to the last
initialization of the network subsystem, then this
object contains a zero value."
::= {assocEntry 5}
-- Conformance information
applConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {application 3}
applGroups OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {applConformance 1}
applCompliances OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {applConformance 2}
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-- Compliance statements
applCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS obsolete
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC 1565 implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB
for basic monitoring of network service applications.
This is the basic compliance statement for RFC 1565."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applGroup}
::= {applCompliances 1}
assocCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS obsolete
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC 1565 implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB
for basic monitoring of network service applications
and their associations."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applGroup, assocGroup}
::= {applCompliances 2}
applRFC2248Compliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC 2248 implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB
for basic monitoring of network service applications."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applRFC2248Group}
::= {applCompliances 3}
assocRFC2248Compliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC 2248 implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB for
basic monitoring of network service applications and
their associations."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applRFC2248Group, assocRFC2248Group}
::= {applCompliances 4}
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applRFCXXXXCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC XXXX implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB
for basic monitoring of network service applications."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applRFCXXXXGroup}
::= {applCompliances 5}
assocRFCXXXXCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for RFC XXXX implementations
which support the Network Services Monitoring MIB for
basic monitoring of network service applications and
their associations."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {applRFCXXXXGroup, assocRFCXXXXGroup}
::= {applCompliances 6}
-- Units of conformance
applGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
applName, applVersion, applUptime, applOperStatus,
applLastChange, applInboundAssociations,
applOutboundAssociations, applAccumulatedInboundAssociations,
applAccumulatedOutboundAssociations, applLastInboundActivity,
applLastOutboundActivity, applRejectedInboundAssociations,
applFailedOutboundAssociations}
STATUS obsolete
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications. This is the original set
of such objects defined in RFC 1565."
::= {applGroups 1}
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assocGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
assocRemoteApplication, assocApplicationProtocol,
assocApplicationType, assocDuration}
STATUS obsolete
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications' associations. This is the
original set of such objects defined in RFC 1565."
::= {applGroups 2}
applRFC2248Group OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
applName, applVersion, applUptime, applOperStatus,
applLastChange, applInboundAssociations,
applOutboundAssociations, applAccumulatedInboundAssociations,
applAccumulatedOutboundAssociations, applLastInboundActivity,
applLastOutboundActivity, applRejectedInboundAssociations,
applFailedOutboundAssociations, applDescription, applURL}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications. This group was originally
defined in RFC 2248; note that applDirectoryName is
missing."
::= {applGroups 3}
assocRFC2248Group OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
assocRemoteApplication, assocApplicationProtocol,
assocApplicationType, assocDuration}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications' associations. This group
was originally defined by RFC 2248."
::= {applGroups 4}
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applRFCXXXXGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
applName, applDirectoryName, applVersion, applUptime,
applOperStatus, applLastChange, applInboundAssociations,
applOutboundAssociations, applAccumulatedInboundAssociations,
applAccumulatedOutboundAssociations, applLastInboundActivity,
applLastOutboundActivity, applRejectedInboundAssociations,
applFailedOutboundAssociations, applDescription, applURL}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications. This is the appropriate
group for RFC XXXX and adds the applDirectoryName object
missing in RFC 2248."
::= {applGroups 5}
assocRFCXXXXGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
assocRemoteApplication, assocApplicationProtocol,
assocApplicationType, assocDuration}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of objects providing basic monitoring of
network service applications' associations. This is
the appropriate group for RFC XXXX."
::= {applGroups 6}
-- OIDs of the form {applTCPProtoID port} are intended to be used
-- for TCP-based protocols that don't have OIDs assigned by other
-- means. {applUDPProtoID port} serves the same purpose for
-- UDP-based protocols. In either case 'port' corresponds to
-- the primary port number being used by the protocol. For example,
-- assuming no other OID is assigned for SMTP, an OID of
-- {applTCPProtoID 25} could be used, since SMTP is a TCP-based
-- protocol that uses port 25 as its primary port.
applTCPProtoID OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {application 4}
applUDPProtoID OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= {application 5}
END
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7. Changes made since RFC 2248
This revision corrects a number of minor technical errors in the
construction of the network services MIB in RFC 2248 [12]. There are no
substantive changes to any of the objects the MIB defines.
8. Acknowledgements
This document is a product of the Mail and Directory Management (MADMAN)
Working Group. It is based on an earlier MIB designed by S. Kille, T.
Lenggenhager, D. Partain, and W. Yeong. The Electronic Mail
Association's TSC committee was instrumental in providing feedback on
and suggesting enhancements to RFC 1565 [13] that have led to the
present document.
9. References
[1] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Structure
of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1902, January 1996.
[2] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., Waldbusser, S., "Textual
Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2)", RFC 1903, January 1996.
[3] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., Waldbusser, S., "Conformance
Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2)", RFC 1904, January 1996.
[4] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Protocol
Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
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[5] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Transport
Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[6] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S., "Management
Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1907, January 1996.
[7] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and Waldbusser, S.,
"Coexistence between Version 1 and Version 2 of the Internet-
standard Network Management Framework", RFC 1908, January 1996.
[8] Kille, S., "A String Representation of Distinguished Names", RFC
1779, March 1995.
[9] Kille, S., "Mapping between X.400(1988) and RFC 822/MIME", RFC
2156, January 1998.
[10] Berners-Lee, T., Masinter, L., McCahill, M., iform Resource
Locators (URL)", RFC 1738, December 1994.
[11] Hoffman, P., Masinter, L., Zawinski, J, e mailto URL Scheme", RFC
2368, July 1998.
[12] Freed, N., Kille, S., "Network Services Monitoring MIB", RFC 2248,
January 1998.
[13] Freed, N., Kille, S., "Network Services Monitoring MIB", RFC 1565,
January 1994.
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10. Security Considerations
This MIB does not offer write access, and as such cannot be used to
actively attack a system. However, this MIB does provide passive
information about the existance, type, and configuration of applications
on a given host that could potentially indicate some sort of
vulnerability. Finally, the information MIB provides about network usage
could be used to analyze network traffic patterns.
11. Author and Chair Addresses
Ned Freed
Innosoft International, Inc.
1050 Lakes Drive
West Covina, CA 91790
USA
tel: +1 626 919 3600
fax: +1 626 919 3614
email: ned.freed@innosoft.com
Steve Kille, MADMAN WG Chair
ISODE Consortium
The Dome, The Square
Richmond TW9 1DT
UK
tel: +44 181 332 9091
email: S.Kille@isode.com
12. Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved.
This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it or
assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published and
distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any kind,
provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this
document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing the
copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of developing
Internet standards in which case the procedures for copyrights defined
in the Internet Standards process must be followed, or as required to
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translate it into languages other than English.
The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.
This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL
NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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