MAGMA Working Group B. Haberman
draft-ietf-magma-mld-source-06.txt Caspian Networks
Expires December 2003 June 2003
Source Address Selection for Multicast
Listener Discovery Protocol (RFC 2710)
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
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Abstract
It has come to light that there is an issue with the selection of a
suitable IPv6 source address for Multicast Listener Discovery
messages when a node is performing stateless address
autoconfiguration. This memo is intended to clarify the rules on
selecting an IPv6 address to use for MLD messages.
This document updates RFC 2710.
Introduction
The original specification of the Multicast Listener Discovery
Protocol[RFC 2710] mandates the use of a link-local IPv6 source
address for the transmission of MLD messages. In addition, MLD also
requires nodes to send MLD Report messages when joining any IPv6
multicast group (except the All-Nodes address and addresses of scope
less than 2).
These MLD requirements conflict with the use of IPv6 multicast within
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the Neighbor Discovery Protocol[RFC 2461]. For stateless
autoconfiguration, as defined in [RFC 2462], a node is required to
join several IPv6 multicast groups in order to perform Duplicate
Address Detection prior to its use. Since the only address the node
has is tentative, and cannot be used for communication, it does not
have a suitable address to utilize as a source address.
This document will clarify the IPv6 source address selection rules
for use with MLD when no link-local addresses are available.
Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
Justification
In [RFC 2710], Section 3 requires that all MLD messages be sent with
a valid link-local IPv6 source address. However, a node in the
process of performing duplicate address detection for its link-local
address will not have one available to use as a source address. For
this reason, this document provides an alternative IPv6 source
address for MLD messages being used during duplicate address
detection.
In addition, Sections 5 and 6 of [RFC 2710] mandates that a node
receiving an MLD Report message verify that the IPv6 source address
is a link-local address. This document relaxes this rule in order to
support the alternative IPv6 source address in use during duplicate
address detection.
The discrepencies in the rules defined in [RFC 2710] and [RFC 2462]
has led to implementation issues. Several IPv6 implementations skip
sending MLD Report messages during duplicate address detection
because they have no valid link-local address. This leads to
operational problems when a node is attached to switches that perform
MLD snooping. In this scenario, duplicate address detection will
complete successfully and collisions can occur once the address is
put into use because switches may not have forwarded the DAD messages
to all nodes on the link as required. This document fixes this
problem by specifying that MLD reports are to be sent using an
unspecified source address prior to DAD being started in order to
ensure that messages sent to LL multicast addresses (e.g., including
MLD) are forwarded to all appropriate nodes as required.
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MLD Source Address Selection Guidelines
An MLD speaking node is required to choose a suitable IPv6 source
address for all MLD messages (Report, Done, and Query).
MLD Query messages MUST be sent with a valid link-local address as
the IPv6 source address. If a node (router or host) receives a query
message with an IPv6 source address set to the unspecified address
(::), it MUST silently discard the message and SHOULD log a warning.
MLD Report and Done messages are sent with a link-local address as
the IPv6 source address, if a valid address is available on the
interface. If a valid link-local address is not available (e.g. one
has not been configured), the message is sent with the unspecified
address (::) as the IPv6 source address.
Once a valid link-local address is available, a node SHOULD generate
new MLD Report messages for all multicast addresses joined on the
interface.
Routers receiving an MLD Report or Done message with the unspecified
address as the IPv6 source address MUST silently discard the packet
without taking any action on the packets contents.
Snooping switches MUST manage multicast forwarding state based on MLD
Report and Done messages sent with the unspecified address as the
IPv6 source address.
Source Address Selection Implications
In RFC 2710, MLD Report and Done messages are required to have an
IPv6 source address that is link-local. This memo augments that rule
by allowing these messages to contain the unspecified address (::) as
the source address.
The behavior of RFC 2710 implementations, when receiving a message
with a source address of ::, is dependent upon how the implementation
treats the unspecified address. That is, these messages will be
dropped if the implementation does not consider the unspecified
address to be link-local in scope.
As the unspecified address is only used when there is no link-local
address, RFC 2710 implementations discarding these packets will have
no affect on the packet's sender as the use should only be for
joining the link-local solicited-node multicast group [RFC 2462].
There is an implication to senders with respect to joining other
multicast groups prior to the activation of a link-local address.
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The dropping of Reports using the unspecified address as a source
address could cause a lack of multicast traffic that is expected by
the node. This black hole will be temporary until the node can send
a Report with a valid link-local address.
Security Considerations
General security issues related to MLD are discussed in [RFC 2710].
For hosts and routers, all received MLD messages from an unspecified
source address are silently discarded. This is the required behavior
from [RFC 2710] and is not changed by this document. Thus, the
changes have no new security impacts.
In the case of snooping switches, multicast forwarding state will be
maintained based on Report and Done messages sent with the
unspecified address as the source address. However, the security
vulnerabilities in this scenario are similar to those describing
forged messages in the security considerations section of [RFC 2710].
References
Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 2710] Deering, S., Fenner, W., Haberman, B., "Multicast
Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6", RFC 2710, October
1999.
Informative References
[RFC 2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E., Simpson, W., "Neighbor
Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December
1998.
[RFC 2462] Thomson, S., Narten, T., "IPv6 Stateless Address
Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.
Author's Address
Brian Haberman
Caspian Networks
One Park Drive
Suite 300
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
Phone: +1-919-949-4828
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EMail: brian@innovationslab.net
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