Internet Draft AAA Framework for Multicasting  Feb. 2008



         Internet Draft                             Hiroaki Satou, NTT
         Intended Status:                            Hiroshi Ohta, NTT
         Informational
         Expires: August           Christian Jacquenet, France Telecom
         22, 2008
                                                Tsunemasa Hayashi, NTT
                                          Haixiang He, Nortel Networks

                                                     February 25, 2007


                      AAA Framework for Multicasting
             <draft-ietf-mboned-multiaaa-framework-06.txt>


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       Internet Draft AAA Framework for Multicasting  Feb. 2008



         The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be
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         This Internet-Draft will expire on August 22, 2008.

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         Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).  This document
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      Abstract

         IP multicast-based services, such as TV broadcasting
         or videoconferencing raise the issue of making sure
         that potential customers are fully entitled to
         access the corresponding contents. There is indeed a
         need for service and content providers to identify
         (if not authenticate, especially within the context
         of enforcing electronic payment schemes) and to
         invoice such customers in a reliable and efficient
         manner. This memo describes the framework for
         specifying the Authorization, Authentication and
         Accounting (AAA) capabilities that could be
         activated within the context of the deployment and
         the operation of IP multicast-based services.  This
         framework addresses the requirements presented in
         draft-ietf-mboned-maccnt-req-04.txt, "Requirements
         for Accounting, Authentication and Authorization in
         Well Managed IP Multicasting Services". The memo
         provides a basic AAA enabled model as well as an
         extended fully enabled model with resource and
         admission control coordination.




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                Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION                                                  4
1.1 PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND                                       4
2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS                                 5
2.1 DEFINITIONS                                                  5
2.2 ABBREVIATIONS                                                6
3. COMMON USE MODELS AND NETWORK ARCHITECTURE IMPLICATIONS       7
4. FRAMEWORK AND ROLES OF ENTITIES                               8
4.1 "AAA FRAMEWORK IN MULTICAST-ENABLED ENVIRONMENTS             8
4.1.1 MULTIPLE CPS ARE CONNECTED TO MULTIPLE NSPS                9
4.1.2 MULTIPLE CPS ARE CONNECTED TO A SINGLE NSP                10
4.1.3 A SINGLE CP IS CONNECTED TO MULTIPLE NSPS                 10
4.1.4 A SINGLE CP IS CONNECTED TO SINGLE NSP                    10
4.2 USER ID                                                     11
4.2.1 CP-ASSIGNED USER ID                                       11
4.2.2 NSP-ASSIGNED USER ID                                      11
4.3 ACCOUNTING                                                  12
4.4 ACCESS CONTROL AND CP SELECTION BY NSP                      13
4.5 ADMISSION CONTROL INFORMATION BY NSP                        13
4.6 ACCESS CONTROL AND DISTINGUISHING OF USERS BY CP            14



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4.7 AAA PROXY IN NSP                                            14
5.1 BASIC CONNECTION MODEL                                      15
5.2 CONSTITUENT LOGICAL FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE FULLY
ENABLED AAA FRAMEWORK                                           15
5.3 MODULARITY OF THE FRAMEWORK                                 19
6. IANA CONSIDERATIONS                                          19
7. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS                                      19
8. CONCLUSION                                                   19

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose and Background

   IP multicasting is designed to serve cases of group
   communication schemes of any kind, such as 1-to-n (case of
   TV broadcasting services for example) or n-to-p (case of
   videoconferencing services, for example).

   In these environments, IP multicast provides a better
   resource optimization than using a unicast transmission
   scheme, where data need to be replicated as many times as
   there are receivers. Activation of IP multicast
   capabilities in networks yields the establishment and the
   maintenance of multicast distribution trees that are
   receiver-initiated by nature: multicast-formatted data are
   forwarded to receivers who explicitly request them.
   IP multicast-based services, such as TV broadcasting or
   videoconferencing raise the issue of making sure that
   potential customers are fully entitled to access the
   corresponding contents. There is indeed a need for service
   and content providers to identify (if not authenticate,
   especially within the context of enforcing electronic
   payment schemes) and to invoice such customers in a
   reliable and efficient manner.  Solutions should consider a
   wide range of possible content delivery applications:
   content delivered over the multicast network may include
   video, audio, images, games, software and information such
   as financial data, etc.




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   This memo describes a framework for specifying the
   Authorization, Authentication and Accounting (AAA)
   capabilities that could be activated within the context of
   the deployment and the operation of IP multicast-based
   services. This memo also describes a framework to realize
   high-quality multicast transport using a Multicast
   Admission Control Function (MACF) with multicast
   Authorization.
   Specifically, this framework addresses the requirements
   presented in draft-ietf-mboned-maccnt-req-05.txt,
   "Requirements for Multicast AAA coordinated between Content
   Provider(s) and Network Service Provider(s)" MACCNT-REQ-
   draft describes the requirements in CDN services using IP
   multicast[1]. The requirements are derived from:
        - need for user tracking and billing capabilities
        - need for network access control to satisfy the
   requirements of the Network Service Provider (NSP) and/or
   content access control to satisfy the requirements of the
   Content Provider (CP)
        - methods for sharing information between the network
   service provider and content provider to make it possible
   to fulfill the above two requirements.

   Detailed requirements are presented in MACCNT-REQ-draft.
   These requirements include mechanisms for recording end-
   user requests and provider responses for content-delivery,
   sharing user information (possibly anonymously depending on
   the trust model) between content provider and network
   service provider, and protecting resources through the
   prevention of network and content access by unauthorized
   users, as well as other AAA related requirements.

   The purpose of this memo is to provide a generalized
   framework for specifying multicast-inferred AAA
   capabilities that can meet these requirements. This
   framework is to provide a basis for future work of
   investigating the applicability of existing AAA protocols
   to provide these AAA capabilities in IP multicast specific
   context and/or if deemed necessary, the refining or
   defining of protocols to provide these capabilities.


2. Definitions and Abbreviations

2.1 Definitions

   For the purpose of this memo the following definitions
   apply:




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   Accounting: The set of capabilities that allow the
   retrieval of a set of statistical data that can be defined
   on a per customer and/or a per service basis, within the
   context of the deployment of multicast-based services. Such
   data are retrieved for billing purposes, and can be
   retrieved on a regular basis or upon unsolicited requests.
   Such data include (but are not necessarily limited to) the
   volume of multicast-formatted data that have been forwarded
   to the receiver over a given period of time, the volume of
   multicast-formatted data that have been exchanged between a
   receiver (or set of) and a given source over a given period
   of time (e.g. the duration of a multicast session), etc.

   Authentication: action for identifying a user as a genuine
   one.

   Authorization: The set of capabilities that need to be
   activated to make sure a given requesting customer is (1)
   what he claims to be (identification purposes), and (2) is
   fully entitled to access a set of services (authentication
   purposes).

   Receiver: an end-host or end-client which receives content.
   A receiver may be identified by a network ID such as MAC
   address or IP address.

   User: a human with a user account.  A user may possibly use
   multiple reception devices.  Multiple users may use the
   same reception device.

   Note: The definition of a receiver (device) and a user
   (human) should not be confused.


2.2 Abbreviations

   For the purpose of this draft the following abbreviations
   apply:

   ACL: Access Control List

   AN: Access Node

   CDN: Content Delivery Network

   CDS: Content Delivery Services

   CP: Content Provider

   CPE: Customer Premise Equipment



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   MACF: Multicast Admission Control Function

   NSP: Network Service Provider

   TS: Transport System

3. Common use models and network architecture implications

   In some cases a single entity may design and be responsible
   for a system that covers the various common high-level
   requirements of a multicasting system such as 1) content
   serving, 2) the infrastructure to multicast it, 3) network
   and content access control mechanisms. In many cases
   however the content provision and network provision roles
   are divided between separate entities.  The MACCNT-REQ-
   draft provides more detail of the multiple versus single
   entity CDS network models.

   As such it should not be assumed that the entity
   responsible for the multicasting structure and the entity
   responsible for content serving are the same.  Indeed
   because the infrastructure for multicasting is expensive
   and many content holders are not likely to be competent at
   building and maintaining complicated infrastructures
   necessary for multicasting, many content holders would
   prefer to purchase transport and management services from a
   network service provider and thus share the infrastructure
   costs with other content holders.

   Similarly network service providers in many cases do not
   specialize in providing content and are unlikely to build
   and maintain such a resource-intensive system without a
   certain level of demand from content holders.

   The use model of a single NSP providing multicasting
   services to multiple CPs the following general requirements
   from MACCNT-REQ-draft apply:

        -Need for user tracking and billing capabilities
        -Need for QoS control such as resource management and
   admission control
        -Need for conditional content access control
   satisfactory to the requirements of the CP
        -Methods for sharing information between the NSP and
   CP to make the above two possible


   When the NSP and CP are the same single entity the general
   requirements are as follows.



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        -Need for user tracking and user-billing capabilities
        -Need for access control and/or content protection at
   level the entity deems appropriate



4. Framework and Roles of Entities

4.1 "AAA Framework in Multicast-Enabled Environments

   A general high-level framework can be represented as
   follows.

            +------------------------------+
            |    user                      |
            |                              |
            +------------------------------+
                | Access       ^ Response
                | Request      |
                V              |
            +------------------------------+
            |    NSP                       |
            |                              |
            +------------------------------+
                | Access         ^ Response
                | Request        | (Success)
                v                |
            +------------------------------+
            |    CP                        |
            |                              |
            +------------------------------+
                        Figure 1


   For the sake of simplicity, the above diagram portrays a
   case where there is a single NSP entity and a single CP
   entity, but multiple CPs can be connected to a single NSP
   (e.g. NSP may provide connections to multiple CPs to
   provide a wide selection of content categories.) It is also
   possible for a single CP to be connected to multiple NSP
   networks (e.g. network selection). Furthermore it is
   possible that the NSP and CP could be the same entity. A
   NSP and CP authenticate and authorize each other when they
   establish connectivity. Below the general case of multiple
   NSPs with multiple CPs is explained.  Then, the various
   combinations of single and multiple CPs and NSPs are
   described in relation to the general case.




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4.1.1 Multiple CPs are connected to multiple NSPs

   The user subscribes to multiple NSPs and multiple CPs in
   this usage case.  The user selects a CP and a NSP when the
   user requests content. The NSP may be automatically
   selected by a user terminal: e.g. a fixed line NSP by a set
   top box or a mobile NSP by a mobile phone.  In some usage
   cases it is possible that the NSP used by a certain user
   will not always be the same.  For example a user may have
   contracted with more than one NSP: one for fixed line
   access and another for mobile roaming access.

   The content may be associated with (or managed by) a
   specific CP. In this case, when the user selects content,
   the CP is automatically selected.

   The user should send an Access-Request to the selected NSP
   with enough information not only for authentication by the
   CP but also for CP selection and admission control by the
   NSP.

   When an NSP receives an Access-Request from a user, the NSP
   selects the appropriate CP for the received Access-Request
   and relays the content request. As the NSP is responsible
   for managing its network resources, the NSP may perform
   admission control.The NSP will allow access to the network
   and contents conditional to both the CP's content
   authorization result and the NSPs network availability.
   That is, the NSP starts multicast flow only when it has
   both 1) received an "accept" response from the CP and 2)
   determined that the network resources (e.g. bandwidth) are
   sufficient to serve the multicast channel. When neither of
   these conditions are met, the NSP does not start the
   requested multicast channel. When the NSP already knows
   that network resources are insufficient or there is a
   network failure, the NSP may choose to not relay the
   Access-Request to the CP. The NSP is also responsible for
   relaying the Response message from the CP to the user
   whether the user is eligible to receive content (in
   response to the corresponding Access-Request from the user
   to the CP.) In cases that the NSP does not start
   multicasting because of its own network issues (e.g. lack
   of network resources or network failure), the NSP notifies
   the user with a reason for rejecting the request.

   A CP receives an Access-Request relayed by the NSP. The CP
   authenticates the NSP's identity and makes an authorization
   decision regarding the NSP's eligibility to provide users
   access to its contents.  The CP is responsible for
   Authentication and Authorization of users' access to



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   content that the CP manages. The CP hopes to collect
   accounting information related to the access of their
   content. The CP responds to the NSP regarding the relayed
   Access-Request.  When the CP cannot (e.g. error or
   resource issues) or decides not (e.g. policy issues) to
   deliver content, the CP is responsible for notifying the
   NSP of the reason.  It is up to the NSP how to relay or
   translate the reasons for rejection to the user.

4.1.2 Multiple CPs are connected to a single NSP

   The user subscribes to a single NSP which provides
   multicasting of channels from multiple CPs in this usage
   case. In this case the user does not select an NSP.  The
   user selects a CP when the user requests content. The
   content may be associated with (or managed by) the specific
   CP, so that when the user selects content, the CP is
   automatically selected.
   The user should send an Access-Request to the specific NSP
   with enough information not only for authentication by the
   CP but also for CP selection and admission control by the
   NSP.

   The role of the NSP is the same as that described in 4.1.1.

   The role of a CP is the same as that described in 4.1.1.

4.1.3 A single CP is connected to multiple NSPs

   A user subscribes to multiple NSPs but a single CP in this
   usage case.  A user selects the NSP when the user requests
   content but the CP is fixed.  The user should send an
   Access-Request to the selected NSP with enough information
   not only for authentication by the CP but also for
   admission control by the NSP.

   The role of the NSP is similar to the description in 4.1.1,
   with the exception that when a NSP receives an Access-
   Request from a user, NSP relays it to the CP without CP
   selection.

   The role of the CP is the same as that described in 4.1.1.

 4.1.4 A single CP is connected to single NSP

   In this case, a user subscribes to only one NSP and one CP.
   The user does not select NSP and CP in this scenario. The
   user should send an Access-Request to the NSP with enough
   information not only for authentication by the CP but also
   for admission control by the NSP.



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   The role for the NSP is the same as 4.1.3
   The role of the CP is the same as the description in 4.1.1.

   The NSP and CP could be the same entity. In this case, the
   roles of the NSP and CP may be combined.


4.2 User ID

   Users may hold multiple user IDs: IDs which have been
   separately assigned for each subscription they may have for
   various NSPs and CPs.  The NSPs and CPs manage the user IDs
   for their respective domains. A CP identifies a user by a
   user ID assigned by the CP itself. A NSP identifies a user
   by a user ID assigned by the NSP itself. The user IDs are
   only meaningful within the context of each domain. Users
   may hold multiple user IDs which have been separately
   assigned for each subscription they may have for various
   NSPs and CPs.

4.2.1 CP-assigned user ID

   CPs assign user IDs to their users. The user may have more
   than one CP-assigned user ID per specific CP.  A user sends
   an Access-Request to a NSP, the CP-assigned user ID should
   be indicated so that the CP can identify the user
   requesting content access.  A NSP should relay the CP-
   assigned user ID from the user to the CP. A NSP should not
   send a CP-assigned user ID to any CP except the one which
   assigned it and should not relay it at all if there is no
   appropriate CP that assigned the user ID.

4.2.2 NSP-assigned user ID

   NSPs assign user IDs to their users. A user may have more
   than one NSP-assigned user ID per a specific NSP.  A user
   sends an Access-Request to a NSP, the NSP-assigned user ID
   may be indicated in the request so that the NSP can
   identify the user. The NSP should not relay the NSP-
   assigned user ID to the CP for security reasons. The NSP
   may identify the multicast-access user by other methods
   than the NSP-assigned userID, e.g. by the access port.

   The actual mapping rules for NSP-assigned user IDs with CP-
   user assigned IDs in account logs is a matter for the
   providers and out of the scope of this framework.




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4.3 Accounting

   There are some accounting issues specific to multicasting.
   An (S,G) should be recorded as a channel identifier. The
   last hop device, such as an IGMP or MLD router or an IGMP
   or MLD proxy, notifies the NSP's AAA function of the (S,G)
   channel identifier.  The NSP should notify the CP of the
   (S,G) information in the accounting report messages.

   A NSP records an accounting start corresponding to only the
   first Join for a specific user-access session. A NSP should
   not treat a "Join" response to a Query as the accounting
   start.

   A NSP records an accounting stop triggered by any of the
   following: 1) a user requested Leave, 2) a timeout of a
   multicast state or 3) a re-authentication failure. A NSP
   may also record an accounting stop due to network
   availability reasons such as failure. The NSP logs the
   reason for each accounting stop.

   Intermittent logs between the join and leave would allow
   for finer diagnostics and therefore could serve useful in
   billing discrepancies, and provide for a better estimation
   of the time-span that content was multicasted, in the event
   that users disconnect without sending leave messages.

   There are two levels of accounting report messaging.
   Messages in Accounting level 1 include a channel identifier,
   a user identifier, and the accounting start and stop time
   information. Accounting level 2 includes all information of
   Level 1, plus traffic volume information.

   QoS class is an optional item for each accounting level.
   Whether to send, and at what interval to send intermittent
   log information is optional for both levels. CP and NSPs
   may also agree to include additional option information in
   accounting messages of either level.

   The level of account report messaging between the NSP and
   CP may be either configured statically or can be
   dynamically requested by the CP in its response to the
   Access-Request relayed by the NSP to the CP.  The
   determination of the actual level of report messaging is
   configured by the NSP at the NAS.

   In case of very fast channel changes, the amount of items
   logged by the NSP could become high.  In order to reduce
   the number of report messages sent to the CP, the NSP can



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   consolidate multiple sets of accounting information inside
   a single accounting report message. [4]


4.4 Access Control and CP selection by NSP

   When a NSP receives an access request from a user, the NSP
   determines to which CP the request is to be directed.  The
   NSP may select a CP based on CP-assigned userID with CP
   domain name or channel identifier (S,G). The user should
   include in the request sufficient information for CP
   selection.


4.5 Admission Control Information by NSP

   After authorizing a user request, the NSP may have further
   conditions for determining its admission control decision.

   The NSP receives traffic parameters (such as QoS class,
   required bandwidth, burst-size, etc.) of a multicast
   channel.  Such parameters serve as information to be
   considered in the admission control decision. The traffic
   parameters can be communicated as follows:
        - A CP may notify a mapping between the channel
   identifier (S,G) and traffic parameters in the Response
   message when the CP authorizes an access request.  Such
   parameters may include required bandwidth, burst-size, QoS
   class downgrade policy, etc.
        - A user may indicate in the Request willingness to
   accept QoS class downgrade to best-effort streaming.
        - The NSP may maintain a mapping between channel
   identifier (S,G) and traffic parameters in advance, for
   example pre-configured by agreement between the CP and NSP
   on a per channel basis.

   The ultimate admission decision is made by the NSP based on
   required traffic parameters of the requested, and available
   resources. In a case that it cannot guarantee the required
   network resources for the requested channel, streaming the
   requested channel as best-effort traffic is optional.
   The user may indicate in his/her Access Request whether
   he/she will accept best-effort grade streaming if
   guaranteed class is not available. The CP's preference for
   accepting downgrading to best-effort streaming may be
   either configured statically or can be dynamically
   requested by the CP in its response to the Access-Request
   relayed by the NSP to the CP.  In the case that it cannot
   offered a guaranteed QoS stream, the NSP may decide to
   either to decline admission or to stream the requested



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   channel as best-effort traffic. The NSP should not stream
   best-effort traffic if either the user or CP has indicated
   against best-effort provision.

   A NSP's admission control may manage integrated network
   resources for unicast usage, such as VoIP or unicast
   streaming, and multicast usage. Alternatively, it may
   manage network resources separately for unicast and
   multicast usage. In either ease, AAA and admission control
   framework for multicast usage is independent of unicast
   admission control.

   Such QoS measurement and policy mechanisms themselves
   depend on NSP policies and are out of the scope of this
   memo.

4.6 Access Control and Distinguishing of Users by CP

   The user ID and authentication information are forwarded
   transparently by the NSP so that the CP can distinguish the
   user, as well as authenticate and authorize the request.

4.7 AAA proxy in NSP

   A NSP may act as AAA proxy of a CP based upon an agreement
   between the NSP and the CP.  The AAA proxy would store
   information about permissions of a specific user to receive
   multicast data from specified channel(s) up to specified
   expiration date(s) and time(s).

   If such proxying is implemented, the NSP may receive
   authorization conditions from a CP in advance and
   statically hold them, or a CP may send them dynamically in
   the Response message.  In either case, the user has
   permission to receive multicast channel and therefore the
   NSP starts the multicasting without querying the CP.

   The CP may send unsolicited requests to the NSP to refresh
   or change the permissions for a user for specific
   channel(s).

   When a user is receiving multicast content and the
   permission is about to expire, the NSP may send a
   notification to the user client that his session is about
   to expire, and that he will need to reauthenticate. In such
   a case, the user will have to send the Access-Request.  In
   the case that the user still has permission to the content,
   they should be able to continue to receive the content
   without interruption.




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   When re-authentication fails, the NSP should stop the
   multicast channel and record accounting stop.

   5. Network Connection Model and Functional Components

   Section 3.1 introduces the high-level AAA framework for
   multicasting.  This section provides more detail on the
   network connection model and constituent functional
   components.

5.1 Basic Connection Model

   In the simple case represented in Figure 1 the NSP is the
   sole entity providing network resources including network
   access to the User.  First a user that requests content
   sends an Access request to an NSP which then forwards it on
   to the appropriate CP for Authentication and Authorization
   purposes. The CP responds with either "success" or
   "failure".  If "success", the NSP may forward a success
   response and stream multicast data to the user.

   In this model the user selects the NSP to which to send its
   content request.  Based on this request the NSP selects an
   appropriate CP to which it forwards the request. The CP
   responds to the NSP's request:  it may not respond to
   another NSP in regards to the request.

   In this model, as described in section 3.1, the
   relationship between NSP and CP can be 1:1, 1:N or M:N.
   Users may connect to multiple networks, and networks have
   multiple users.

5.2 Constituent Logical Functional Components of the fully
enabled AAA Framework

   Requirements for "fully AAA and QoS enabled" IP
   multicasting networks were defined in MACCNT-REQ-draft. To
   allow for levels of enablement, this memo defines two
   models within the framework: "AAA enabled" multicasting and
   "Fully enabled AAA" multicasting which means "AAA enabled"
   with added admission control functions.

   Section 3.1 introduces the high-level AAA framework for
   multicasting.  Below is a diagram of a AAA enabled
   multicasting network with AAA, including the logical
   components within the various entities.




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        AAA enabled framework (basic model)
            +-------------------------------+
            | user                          |
            |+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+|
            || CPE                         ||
            ||                             ||
            |+- - - - - | - - - - - - - - -+|
            +-----------|-------------------+
                        |
                 -------|------ IFa
                        |
            +-----------|-------------------+
            | NSP       |                   |
            |+- - - - - |- -_+              |
            ||TS        |    |              |
            |    +------|-+                 |
            ||   | AN     |  |              |
            |    |        |---------+       |
            ||   +------|-+  |      |       |
            |           |     IFb   |       |
            ||   +------|-+  | | +---------+|
            |    |        |----|-|mAAA     ||
            ||   | NAS    |  | | |(MACF *) || * optional
            |    +--------+      +---------+|
            ||+- - - - - - - +      |       |
            +-----------------------|--------+
                                    |
                             -------|------ IFc
                                    |
            +-----------------------|-------+
            | CP               +---------+  |
            |                  |  CP-AAA |  |
            |                  +---------+  |
            +-------------------------------+
                    Figure 2


   The user entity includes the CPE (Customer Premise
   Equipment) which includes the user host(s) and optionally a
   multicast proxy (not shown in the Figure 2.)

   The NSP (Network Service Provider) in the basic model
   includes the transport system and a logical element for
   multicast AAA functionality.  The transport system is
   comprised of the access node and NAS (network access
   server.) An AN may be connected directory to mAAA or a NAS
   relays AAA information between an AN and a mAAA
   Descriptions of AN and its interfaces are out of scope for
   this memo.  The multicast AAA function may be provided by a



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   multicast AAA server (mAAA) which may include the function
   by which the access policy is downloaded to the NAS
   (conditional access policy control function.) The interface
   between mAAA and the NAS is labeled IFb in Figure 2. Over
   IFb the NAS makes an access request to the NSP-mAAA and the
   mAAA replies. The mAAA may push conditional access policy
   to the NAS.

   The content provider may have its own AAA server which has
   the authority over access policy for its contents.

   The interface between the user and the NSP is labeled IFa
   in Figure 2.  Over IFa the user makes a multicasting
   request to the NSP.  The NSP may in reply send multicast
   traffic depending on the NSP and CP's policy decisions.

   The interface between the NSP and CP is labeled IFc. Over
   IFc the NSP requests to the CP-AAA for access to contents
   and the CP replies.  CP may also send conditional access
   policy over this interface for AAA-proxying.



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        Fully enabled framework
            +-------------------------------+
            | user                          |
            |+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+|
            || CPE                         ||
            ||                             ||
            |+- - - - - | - - - - - - - - -+|
            +-----------|-------------------+
                        |
                 -------|------ IFa
                        |
            +-----------|-----------------------+
            |+- - - - - |- - _+   + - - - - - + |
            ||TS        |   | |   |           | |
            |    +------|-+ |       +--------+  |
            ||   | AN     | | |   | | MACF  || |
            |    |        | |       |        |  |
            ||   +------|-+ | |   | +---|----+| |
            |           |   |           |    |  |
            |           |   | |     IFd----- |  |
            |           |   |  IFb      |    |  |
            ||   +------|---+ | | | +---|----+| |
            |    |          |---|---| mAAA   |  |
            ||   | NAS      | | | | |(MACF *)|| | * optional
            |    +----------+ |     +--------+  |
            ||+- - - - - - - -+ - - |- - - - -+ |
            +-----------------------|-----------+
                                    |
                             -------|------ IFc
                                    |
            +-----------------------|-------+
            | CP               +---------+  |
            |                  |  CP-AAA |  |
            |                  +---------+  |
            +-------------------------------+
                              Figure 3


   In the fully enabled model the NSP also includes a
   component that provides network resource management (e.g.
   QoS management), as described in section 3.4, "Network
   Resource Management by NSP".  In the fully enabled model
   (Figure 3) resource management and admission control is
   provided by MACF (multicast admission control function.)
   This means that Before replying to the user's multicast
   request the mAAA queries the MACF for a network resource
   access decision over the interface IFd.   The MACF is
   responsible for allocating network resources for multicast
   traffic.  So that MACF has the necessary network resource



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   availability information, NAS notifies MACF via mAAA of the
   stopping of multicast traffic.

5.3 Modularity of the framework

   In the interest of flexibility, this framework is modular
   so that it is possible that partially enabled versions of
   the models are supported.  A AAA-enabled version provides
   AAA functionality without Network Resource management.  A
   Network-Resource-Management-enabled (QoS-enabled) version
   provides Network Resource management without AAA
   functionality.  Similarly, the possibility of one or more
   layers of transit provision between an NSP and CP is in the
   interest of modularity and extendibility.


6. IANA considerations

   This memo does not raise any IANA consideration issues.


7. Security considerations

   Refer to section 3.3.  Also the user information related to
   authentication with the CP must be protected in some way.
   Otherwise, this memo does not raise any new security issues
   which are not already addressed by the original protocols.
   Enhancement of multicast access control capabilities should
   enhance security performance.


8. Conclusion

   This memo provides a generalized framework for solution
   standards to meet the requirements.  Further work should be
   done to specify the interfaces between the user and NSP,
   NAS and mAAA, mAAA and MACF and NSP-mAAA and CP-AAA
   (presented in 5.2.)


Normative References

   [1] Hayashi, et. al., "Requirements for Multicast AAA
       coordinated between Content Provider(s) and Network
       Service Provider(s)", draft-ietf-mboned-maccnt-req-
       05.txt, September 2007, Work in Progress.

   [2] RFC-3810, Vida, R. and L. Costa, "Multicast Listener
       Discovery Version 2 (MLDv2) for IPv6", June 2004.




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   [3] RFC-3376, Cain B., et.al., "Internet Group Management
       Protocol, Version 3", October 2002.

   [4] Ooghe, et. al, "Framework and Requirements for an
       Access Node Control Mechanism in Broadband Multi-
       Service Networks", draft-ietf-ancp-framework-05.txt,
       February 2008, Work in Progress.


Authors' Addresses

           Hiroaki Satou
           NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories
           3-9-11 Midoricho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8585
   Japan
           Phone : +81 422 59 4683
           Email : satou.hiroaki@lab.ntt.co.jp

           Hiroshi Ohta
           NTT Network Service Systems Laboratories
           3-9-11 Midoricho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo, 180-8585
   Japan
                   Phone : +81 422 59 3617
           Email: ohta.hiroshi@lab.ntt.co.jp

           Christian Jacquenet
           France Telecom
           3, avenue Francois Chateau
           CS 36901, 35069 Rennes Cedex, France
           Phone: +33 2 99 87 63 31
           Email: christian.jacquenet@francetelecom.com

           Tsunemasa Hayashi
           NTT Network Innovation Laboratories
           1-1 Hikari-no-oka, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa, 239-0847
   Japan
           Phone: +81 46 859 8790
           Email: tsunemasa@gmail.com

           Haixiang He
           Nortel
           600 Technology Park Drive
           Billerica, MA 01801, USA
           Phone: +1 978 288 7482
           Email: haixiang@nortel.com


Comments




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 Internet Draft AAA Framework for Multicasting  Feb. 2008


   Comments are solicited and should be addressed to the
   mboned working group's mailing list at
   mboned@lists.uoregon.edu_and/or the authors.



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 Internet Draft AAA Framework for Multicasting  Feb. 2008

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