MILE T. Takahashi
Internet-Draft NICT
Intended status: Standards Track R. Danyliw
Expires: September 2, 2020 CERT
M. Suzuki
NICT
March 1, 2020
JSON binding of IODEF
draft-ietf-mile-jsoniodef-14
Abstract
The Incident Object Description Exchange Format defined in RFC 7970
provides an information model and a corresponding XML data model for
exchanging incident and indicator information. This draft gives
implementers and operators an alternative format to exchange the same
information by defining an alternative data model implementation in
JSON and its encoding in CBOR.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on September 2, 2020.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2020 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
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to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. IODEF Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping . . . . . . 3
2.2. Complex JSON Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.1. Integer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2. Multilingual Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.3. Enum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.4. Software and Software Reference . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.5. Structured Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.6. EXTENSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. IODEF JSON Data Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. Classes and Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2. Mapping between JSON and XML IODEF . . . . . . . . . . . 18
4. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1. Minimal Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2. Indicators from a Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. Mapkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6. The IODEF Data Model (CDDL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
8. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Appendix A. Data Types used in this document . . . . . . . . . . 51
Appendix B. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema) . . . . . . . . . 52
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1. Introduction
The Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF) [RFC7970]
defines a data representation for security incident reports and
indicators commonly exchanged by operational security teams. It
facilitates the automated exchange of this information to enable
mitigation and watch-and-warning. Section 3 of [RFC7970] defined an
information model using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and a
corresponding Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema data model in
Section 8. This UML-based information model and XML-based data model
are referred to as IODEF UML and IODEF XML, respectively in this
document.
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IODEF documents are structured and thus suitable for machine
processing. They will streamline incident response operations.
Another well-used and structured format that is suitable for machine
processing is JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) [RFC8259]. To
facilitate the automation of incident response operations, IODEF
documents and implementations should support JSON representation and
it encoding in Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) [RFC7049].
This document defines an alternate implementation of the IODEF UML
information model by specifying a JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
data model using Concise Data Definition Language (CDDL) [RFC8610]
and JSON Schema [I-D.handrews-json-schema-validation]. This JSON
data model is referred to as IODEF JSON in this document. IODEF JSON
provides all of the expressivity of IODEF XML. It gives implementers
and operators an alternative format to exchange the same information.
The normative IODEF JSON data model is found in Section 6. Section 2
and Section 3 describe the data types and elements of this data
model. Section 4 provides examples.
1.1. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
14 [RFC2119][RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
2. IODEF Data Types
IODEF JSON implements the abstract data types specified in Section 2
of [RFC7970].
2.1. Abstract Data Type to JSON Data Type Mapping
IODEF JSON uses native and derived JSON data types. Figure 1
describes the mapping between the abstract data types in Section 2 of
[RFC7970] and their corresponding implementations in IODEF JSON.
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+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| IODEF Data Type | [RFC7970] | JSON Data Type |
| | Reference | |
+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
| INTEGER | Section 2.1 | integer, see Section 2.2.1 |
| REAL | Section 2.2 | "number" per [RFC8259] |
| CHARACTER | Section 2.3 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| STRING | Section 2.3 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ML_STRING | Section 2.4 | see Section 2.2.2 |
| BYTE | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| BYTE[] | Section 2.5.1 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| HEXBIN | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| HEXBIN[] | Section 2.5.2 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ENUM | Section 2.6 | see Section 2.2.3 |
| DATETIME | Section 2.7 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| TIMEZONE | Section 2.8 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| PORTLIST | Section 2.9 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| POSTAL | Section 2.10 | ML_STRING, Section 2.2.2 |
| PHONE | Section 2.11 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| EMAIL | Section 2.12 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| URL | Section 2.13 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| ID | Section 2.14 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| IDREF | Section 2.14 | "string" per [RFC8259] |
| SOFTWARE | Section 2.15 | see Section 2.2.4 |
| STRUCTUREDINFO | [RFC 7203] | see Section 2.2.5 |
| EXTENSION | Section 2.16 | see Section 2.2.6 |
+-----------------+-------------------+-------------------------------+
Figure 1: JSON Data Types
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+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
| IODEF Data Type | CBOR Data Type | CDDL prelude |
| | | [RFC8610] |
+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
| INTEGER | 0, 1, 6 tag 2, | integer |
| | 6 tag 3 | |
| REAL | 7 bits 26 | float32 |
| CHARACTER | 3 | text |
| STRING | 3 | text |
| ML_STRING | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| BYTE | 6 tag 22 | eb64legacy |
| BYTE[] | 6 tag 22 | eb64legacy |
| HEXBIN | 6 tag 23 | eb16 |
| HEXBIN[] | 6 tag 23 | eb16 |
| ENUM | - | Choices (Section 2.2.2) |
| DATETIME | 6 tag 0 | tdate |
| TIMEZONE | 3 | text |
| PORTLIST | 3 | text |
| POSTAL | 3 | ML_STRING (Section 2.2.1) |
| PHONE | 3 | text |
| EMAIL | 3 | text |
| URL | 6 tag 32 | uri |
| ID | 3 | text |
| IDREF | 3 | text |
| SOFTWARE | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| STRUCTUREDINFO | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
| EXTENSION | 5 | Maps/Structs (Section 3.5.1) |
+-----------------+------------------+---------------------------------+
Figure 2: CBOR Data Types
2.2. Complex JSON Types
2.2.1. Integer
An integer is a subset of "number" type of JSON, which represents
signed digits encoded in Base 10. The definition of this integer is
"[ minus ] int" in [RFC8259] Section 6 manner.
2.2.2. Multilingual Strings
A string that needs to be represented in a human-readable language
different from the default encoding of the document is represented in
the information model by the ML_STRING data type. This data type is
implemented as either an object with "value", "lang", and
"translation-id" elements or a text string as defined in Section 6.
An example is shown below.
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"MLStringType": {
"value": "free-form text", # STRING
"lang": "en", # ENUM
"translation-id": "jp2en0023" # STRING
}
Note that in figures throughout this document, some supplementary
information follows "#", but these are not valid syntax in JSON, but
are intended to facilitate reader understanding.
2.2.3. Enum
Enum is an ordered list of acceptable string values. Each value has
a representative keyword. Within the data model, the enumerated type
keywords are used as attribute values.
2.2.4. Software and Software Reference
A particular version of software is represented in the information
model by the SOFTWARE data type. This software can be described by
using a reference, a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) [RFC3986], or
with free-form text. The SOFTWARE data type is implemented as an
object with "SoftwareReference", "URL", and "Description" elements as
defined in Section 6. Examples are shown below.
"SoftwareType": {
"SoftwareReference": {...}, # SoftwareReference
"Description": ["MS Windows"] # STRING
}
SoftwareReference class is a reference to a particular version of
software. Examples are shown below.
"SoftwareReference": {
"value": "cpe:/a:google:chrome:59.0.3071.115", # STRING
"spec-name": "cpe", # ENUM
"dtype": "string" # ENUM
}
2.2.5. Structured Information
Information provided in a form of structured string, such as ID, or
structured information, such as XML documents, is represented in the
information model by the STRUCTUREDINFO data type. Note that this
type was originally specified in Section 4.4 of [RFC7203] as a basic
structure of its extension classes. The STRUCTUREDINFO data type is
implemented as an object with "SpecID", "ext-SpecID", "ContentID",
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"RawData", and "Reference" elements. An example for embedding a
structured ID is shown below.
"StructuredInfo": {
"SpecID": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:cwe:3.3", # ENUM
"ContentID": "CWE-89" # STRING
}
When embedding the raw data, it should be encoded as a BYTE type
object, as shown below.
"StructuredInfo": {
"SpecID": "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2", # ENUM
"RawData": "<<< encoded structured data >>>" # BYTE
}
When embedding the raw data, base64 encoding defined in Section 4 of
[RFC4648] MUST be used for JSON IODEF while binary representation
MUST be used for CBOR IODEF.
2.2.6. EXTENSION
Information not otherwise represented in the IODEF can be added using
the EXTENSION data type. This data type is a generic extension
mechanism. The EXTENSION data type is implemented as an
ExtensionType object with "value", "name", "dtype", "ext-dtype",
"meaning", "formatid", "restriction", "ext-restriction", and
"observable-id" elements. An example for embedding a structured ID
is shown below.
"ExtensionType": {
"value": "xxxxxxx", # STRING
"name": "Syslog", # STRING
"dtype": "string", # ENUM
"meaning": "Syslog from the security appliance X" # STRING
}
Note that this data type is specified in [RFC7970] as its generic
extension mechanism. If a data item has internal structure that is
intended to be processed outside of the IODEF framework, one may
consider using StructuredInfo data type mentioned in Section 2.2.5.
3. IODEF JSON Data Model
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3.1. Classes and Elements
The following table shows the list of IODEF Classes, their elements,
and the corresponding section in [RFC7970]. Note that the complete
JSON schema is defined in Section 6 using CDDL.
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IODEF Class | Class | Corresponding |
| | Elements and | Section |
| | Attribute | in [RFC7970] |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IODEF-Document | version | 3.1 |
| | lang? | |
| | format-id? | |
| | private-enum-name? | |
| | private-enum-id? | |
| | Incident+ | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Incident | purpose | 3.2 |
| | ext-purpose? | |
| | status? | |
| | ext-status? | |
| | lang? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | IncidentID | |
| | AlternativeID? | |
| | RelatedActivity* | |
| | DetectTime? | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | RecoveryTime? | |
| | ReportTime? | |
| | GenerationTime | |
| | Description* | |
| | Discovery* | |
| | Assessment* | |
| | Method* | |
| | Contact+ | |
| | EventData* | |
| | Indicator* | |
| | History? | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IncidentID | id | 3.4 |
| | name | |
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| | instance? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AlternativeID | restriction? | 3.5 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IncidentID+ | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RelatedActivity | restriction? | 3.6 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IncidentID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | ThreatActor* | |
| | Campaign* | |
| | IndicatorID* | |
| | Confidence? | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| ThreatActor | restriction? | 3.7 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | ThreatActorID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Campaign | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | CampaignID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.8 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Contact | role | |
| | ext-role? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | ContactName*, | |
| | ContactTitle* | |
| | Description* | |
| | RegistryHandle* | |
| | PostalAddress* | |
| | Email* | |
| | Telephone* | |
| | Timezone? | |
| | Contact* | |
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| | AdditionalData* | 3.9 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RegistryHandle | handle | |
| | registry | |
| | ext-registry? | 3.9.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| PostalAddress | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | PAddress | |
| | Description* | 3.9.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Email | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | EmailTo | |
| | Description* | 3.9.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Telephone | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | TelephoneNumber | |
| | Description* | 3.9.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Discovery | source? | |
| | ext-source? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Description* | |
| | Contact* | |
| | DetectionPattern* | 3.10 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DetectionPattern | restriction? | 3.10.1 |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Application | |
| | Description* | |
| | DetectionConfiguration* | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Method | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Reference* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AttackPattern* | |
| | Vulnerability* | |
| | Weakness* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.11 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Weakness (TBD) | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
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| Reference | observable-id? | |
| | ReferenceName? | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | 3.11.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Assessment | occurence? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | IncidentCategory* | |
| | SystemImpact* | |
| | BusinessImpact* | |
| | TimeImpact* | |
| | MonetaryImpact* | |
| | IntendedImpact* | |
| | Counter* | |
| | MitigatingFactor* | |
| | Cause* | |
| | Confidence? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.12 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| SystemImpact | severity? | |
| | completion? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | Description* | 3.12.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BusinessImpact | severity? | |
| | ext-severity? | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | Description* | 3.12.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| TimeImpact | value | |
| | severity? | |
| | metric | |
| | ext-metric? | |
| | duration? | |
| | ext-duration? | 3.12.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| MonetaryImpact | value | |
| | severity? | |
| | currency? | 3.12.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Confidence | value | |
| | rating | |
| | ext-rating? | 3.12.5 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
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| History | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | HistoryItem+ | 3.13 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| HistoryItem | action | |
| | ext-action? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | DateTime | |
| | IncidentID? | |
| | Contact? | |
| | Description* | |
| | DefinedCOA* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.13.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| EventData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Description* | |
| | DetectTime? | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | RecoveryTime? | |
| | ReportTime? | |
| | Contact* | |
| | Discovery* | |
| | Assessment? | |
| | Method* | |
| | System* | |
| | Expectation* | |
| | RecordData* | |
| | EventData* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.14 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Expectation | action? | |
| | ext-action? | |
| | severity? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Description* | |
| | DefinedCOA* | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | Contact? | 3.15 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| System | category? | |
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| | ext-category? | |
| | interface? | |
| | spoofed? | |
| | virtual? | |
| | ownership? | |
| | ext-ownership? | |
| | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | Node | |
| | NodeRole* | |
| | Service* | |
| | OperatingSystem* | |
| | Counter* | |
| | AssetID* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.17 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Node | DomainData* | |
| | Address* | |
| | PostalAddress? | |
| | Location* | |
| | Counter* | 3.18 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Address | value | |
| | category | |
| | ext-category? | |
| | vlan-name? | |
| | vlan-num? | |
| | observable-id? | 3.18.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| NodeRole | category | |
| | ext-category? | |
| | Description* | 3.18.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Counter | value | |
| | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | unit | |
| | ext-unit? | |
| | meaning? | |
| | duration? | |
| | ext-duration? | 3.18.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DomainData | system-status | |
| | ext-system-status? | |
| | domain-status | |
| | ext-domain-status? | |
| | observable-id? | |
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| | Name | |
| | DateDomainWasChecked?| |
| | RegistrationDate? | |
| | ExpirationDate? | |
| | RelatedDNS* | |
| | Nameservers* | |
| | DomainContacts? | 3.19 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Nameserver | Server | |
| | Address* | 3.19.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| DomainContacts | SameDomainContact? | |
| | Contact+ | 3.19.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Service | ip-protocol? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | ServiceName? | |
| | Port? | |
| | Portlist? | |
| | ProtoCode? | |
| | ProtoType? | |
| | ProtoField? | |
| | ApplicationHeaderField*| |
| | EmailData? | |
| | Application? | 3.20 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| ServiceName | IANAService? | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | 3.20.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| EmailData | observable-id? | |
| | EmailTo* | |
| | EmailFrom? | |
| | EmailSubject? | |
| | EmailX-Mailer? | |
| | EmailHeaderField* | |
| | EmailHeaders? | |
| | EmailBody? | |
| | EmailMessage? | |
| | HashData* | |
| | Signature* | 3.21 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RecordData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | DateTime? | |
| | Description* | |
| | Application? | |
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| | RecordPattern* | |
| | RecordItem* | |
| | URL* | |
| | FileData* | |
| | WindowsRegistryKeysModified*| |
| | CertificateData* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.22.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| RecordPattern | type | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | offset? | |
| | offsetunit? | |
| | ext-offsetunit? | |
| | instance? | |
| | value | 3.22.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| WindowsRegistryKeysModified | observable-id? | 3.23 |
| | Key+ | |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Key | registryaction? | |
| | ext-registryaction?| |
| | observable-id? | |
| | KeyName | |
| | KeyValue? | 3.23.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| CertificateData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | Certificate+ | 3.24 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Certificate | observable-id? | |
| | X509Data | |
| | Description* | 3.24.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| FileData | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | observable-id? | |
| | File+ | 3.25 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| File | observable-id? | |
| | FileName? | |
| | FileSize? | |
| | FileType? | |
| | URL* | |
| | HashData? | |
| | Signature* | |
| | AssociatedSoftware?| |
| | FileProperties* | 3.25.1 |
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+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| HashData | scope | |
| | HashTargetID? | |
| | Hash* | |
| | FuzzyHash* | 3.26 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Hash | DigestMethod | |
| | DigestValue | |
| | CanonicalizationMethod?| |
| | Application? | 3.26.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| FuzzyHash | FuzzyHashValue+ | |
| | Application? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.26.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Indicator | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IndicatorID | |
| | AlternativeIndicatorID*| |
| | Description* | |
| | StartTime? | |
| | EndTime? | |
| | Confidence? | |
| | Contact* | |
| | Observable? | |
| | uid-ref? | |
| | IndicatorExpression?| |
| | IndicatorReference?| |
| | NodeRole* | |
| | AttackPhase* | |
| | Reference* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorID | id | |
| | name | |
| | version | 3.29.1 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AlternativeIndicatorID | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | IndicatorID+ | 3.29.2 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| Observable | restriction? | |
| | ext-restriction? | |
| | System? | |
| | Address? | |
| | DomainData? | |
| | Service? | |
| | EmailData? | |
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| | WindowsRegistryKeysModified?| |
| | FileData? | |
| | CertificateData? | |
| | RegistryHandle? | |
| | RecordData? | |
| | EventData? | |
| | Incident? | |
| | Expectation? | |
| | Reference? | |
| | Assessment? | |
| | DetectionPattern? | |
| | HistoryItem? | |
| | BulkObservable? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.3 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BulkObservable | type? | |
| | ext-type? | |
| | BulkObservableFormat?| |
| | BulkObservableList | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.4 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| BulkObservableFormat | Hash? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.5 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorExpression | operator? | |
| | ext-operator? | |
| | IndicatorExpression*| |
| | Observable* | |
| | uid-ref* | |
| | IndicatorReference*| |
| | Confidence? | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.6 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| IndicatorReference | uid-ref? | |
| | euid-ref? | |
| | version? | 3.29.7 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
| AttackPhase | AttackPhaseID* | |
| | URL* | |
| | Description* | |
| | AdditionalData* | 3.29.8 |
+-----------------------------+--------------------+---------------+
Figure 3: IODEF Classes
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3.2. Mapping between JSON and XML IODEF
o Attributes and elements of each class in XML IODEF document are
both presented as JSON attributes in JSON IODEF document, and the
order of their appearances is ignored.
o Flow class is deleted, and classes with its instances now directly
have instances of EventData class that used to belong to the Flow
class.
o ApplicationHeader class is deleted, and classes with its instances
now directly have instances of ApplicationHeaderField class that
used to belong to the ApplicationHeader class.
o SignatureData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have instance of Signature class that used to belong to
the SignatureData class.
o IndicatorData class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have the instances of Indicator class that used to belong
to the IndicatorData class.
o ObservableReference class is deleted, and classes with its
instances now directly have uid-ref as an element.
o Record class is deleted, and classes with its instances now
directly have the instances of RecordData class that used to
belong to the Record class.
o The MLStringType were modified to support simple string by
allowing the type to have not only a predefined object type but
also text type, in order to allow simple descriptions of elements
of the type. Implementations need to be capable of parsing
MLStringType that could take form of both text and object.
o The elements of ML_STRING type in XML IODEF document are presented
as either STRING type or ML_STRING type in JSON IODEF document.
When converting from XML IODEF document to JSON one or vice versa,
the information contained in the original data of ML_STRING type
must be preserved. When STRING is used instead of ML_STRING,
parsers can assume that its "xml:lang" is set to "en".
o Data models of the extension classes defined by [RFC7203] and
referenced by [RFC7970] are represented by StructuredInfo class
defined in this document.
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o Signature, X509Data, and RawData are encoded using base64 encoding
for JSON IODEF and binary representation for CBOR IODEF to
represent them as BYTE object.
o EmailBody represents an whole message body including MIME
structure in the same manner defined in [RFC7970]. In case of an
email composed of MIME multipart, the EmailBody contains multiple
body parts separated by boundary strings.
o The "ipv6-net-mask" type attribute of BulkObservable class remains
available for the backward compatibility purpose, but the use of
this attribute is not recommended because IPV6 does not use
netmask any more.
o ENUM values in this document is extensible and is managed by IANA,
as with [RFC7970]. The values in the table are used both by
[RFC7970] implementations and by their JSON (and CBOR) bindings as
specified by this document.
o This document uses JSON's "number" type to represent integers that
only has full precision for integer values between -2**53 and
2**53. When dealing with integers outside the range, this issue
needs to be considered.
o Binaries are encoded in bytes. Note that XML IODEF in [RFC7970]
uses HEXBIN due to the incapability of XML for embedding binaries
as they are.
4. Examples
This section provides examples of IODEF documents. These examples do
not represent the full capabilities of the data model or the only way
to encode particular information.
4.1. Minimal Example
A document containing only the mandatory elements and attributes is
shown below in JSON and CBOR, respectively.
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{
"version": "2.0",
"lang": "en",
"Incident": [{
"purpose": "reporting",
"restriction": "private",
"IncidentID": {
"id": "492382",
"name": "csirt.example.com"
},
"GenerationTime": "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00",
"Contact": [{
"type": "organization",
"role": "creator",
"Email": [{"EmailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"}]
}]
}]
}
Figure 4: A Minimal Example in JSON
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A3 # map(3)
37 # negative(23)
63 # text(3)
322E30 # "2.0"
36 # negative(22)
62 # text(2)
656E # "en"
32 # negative(18)
81 # array(1)
A5 # map(5)
21 # negative(1)
69 # text(9)
7265706F7274696E67 # "reporting"
29 # negative(9)
67 # text(7)
70726976617465 # "private"
02 # unsigned(2)
A2 # map(2)
12 # unsigned(18)
66 # text(6)
343932333832 # "492382"
2E # negative(14)
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D # "csirt.example.com"
0A # unsigned(10)
78 19 # text(25)
323031352D30372D31385430393A30303A30302D30353A3030
# "2015-07-18T09:00:00-05:00"
0E # unsigned(14)
81 # array(1)
A3 # map(3)
18 1C # unsigned(28)
6C # text(12)
6F7267616E697A6174696F6E # "organization"
18 1A # unsigned(26)
67 # text(7)
63726561746F72 # "creator"
18 22 # unsigned(34)
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
18 29 # unsigned(41)
78 19 # text(25)
636F6E746163744063736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "contact@csirt.example.com"
Figure 5: A Minimal Example in CBOR
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4.2. Indicators from a Campaign
An example of C2 domains from a given campaign is shown below in JSON
and CBOR, respectively.
{
"version": "2.0",
"lang": "en",
"Incident": [{
"purpose": "watch",
"restriction": "green",
"IncidentID": {
"id": "897923",
"name": "csirt.example.com"
},
"RelatedActivity": [{
"ThreatActor": [{
"ThreatActorID": ["TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY"],
"Description": ["Aggressive Butterfly"]}],
"Campaign": [{
"CampaignID": ["C-2015-59405"],
"Description": ["Orange Giraffe"]
}]
}],
"GenerationTime": "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00",
"Description": ["Summarizes the Indicators of Compromise for the
Orange Giraffe campaign of the Aggressive Butterfly crime gang."],
"Assessment": [{
"Impact": [{"BusinessImpact": {"type": "breach-proprietary"}}]
}],
"Contact": [{
"type": "organization",
"role": "creator",
"ContactName": ["CSIRT for example.com"],
"Email": [{
"EmailTo": "contact@csirt.example.com"
}]
}],
"Indicator": [{
"IndicatorID": {
"id": "G90823490",
"name": "csirt.example.com",
"version": "1"
},
"Description": ["C2 domains"],
"StartTime": "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00",
"Observable": {
"BulkObservable": {
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"type": "domain-name",
"BulkObservableList": "kj290023j09r34.example.com"}
}
}]
}]
}
Figure 6: Indicators from a Campaign in JSON
A3 # map(3)
37 # negative(23)
63 # text(3)
322E30 # "2.0"
36 # negative(22)
62 # text(2)
656E # "en"
32 # negative(18)
81 # array(1)
A9 # map(9)
21 # negative(1)
65 # text(5)
7761746368 # "watch"
29 # negative(9)
65 # text(5)
677265656E # "green"
02 # unsigned(2)
A2 # map(2)
12 # unsigned(18)
66 # text(6)
383937393233 # "897923"
2E # negative(14)
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "csirt.example.com"
04 # unsigned(4)
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
14 # unsigned(20)
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
18 18 # unsigned(24)
81 # array(1)
78 1A # text(26)
54412D31322D414747524553534956452D425554544552464C59
# "TA-12-AGGRESSIVE-BUTTERFLY"
24 # negative(4)
81 # array(1)
74 # text(20)
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4167677265737369766520427574746572666C79
# "Aggressive Butterfly"
15 # unsigned(21)
81 # array(1)
A2 # map(2)
18 19 # unsigned(25)
81 # array(1)
6C # text(12)
432D323031352D3539343035
# "C-2015-59405"
24 # negative(4)
81 # array(1)
6E # text(14)
4F72616E67652047697261666665
# "Orange Giraffe"
0A # unsigned(10)
78 19 # text(25)
323031352D31302D30325431313A31383A30302D30353A3030
# "2015-10-02T11:18:00-05:00"
24 # negative(4)
81 # array(1)
78 6F # text(111)
53756D6D6172697A65732074686520496E64696361746F7273206F6620436F6D70726F6D69736520666F7220746865204F72616E676520476972616666652063616D706169676E206F6620746865204167677265737369766520427574746572666C79206372696D652067616E672E
# "Summarizes the Indicators of
# Compromise for the Orange Giraffe
# campaign of the Aggressive
# Butterfly crime gang."
0C # unsigned(12)
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
18 3F # unsigned(63)
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
18 41 # unsigned(65)
A1 # map(1)
18 1C # unsigned(28)
72 # text(18)
6272656163682D70726F7072696574617279
# "breach-proprietary"
0E # unsigned(14)
81 # array(1)
A4 # map(4)
18 1C # unsigned(28)
6C # text(12)
6F7267616E697A6174696F6E
# "organization"
18 1A # unsigned(26)
67 # text(7)
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63726561746F72 # "creator"
18 1E # unsigned(30)
81 # array(1)
75 # text(21)
435349525420666F72206578616D706C652E636F6D
# "CSIRT for example.com"
18 22 # unsigned(34)
81 # array(1)
A1 # map(1)
18 29 # unsigned(41)
78 19 # text(25)
636F6E746163744063736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "contact@csirt.example.com"
10 # unsigned(16)
81 # array(1)
A4 # map(4)
16 # unsigned(22)
A3 # map(3)
12 # unsigned(18)
69 # text(9)
473930383233343930 # "G90823490"
2E # negative(14)
71 # text(17)
63736972742E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "csirt.example.com"
37 # negative(23)
61 # text(1)
31 # "1"
24 # negative(4)
81 # array(1)
6A # text(10)
433220646F6D61696E73 # "C2 domains"
06 # unsigned(6)
78 19 # text(25)
323031342D31322D30325431313A31383A30302D30353A3030
# "2014-12-02T11:18:00-05:00"
18 AB # unsigned(171)
A1 # map(1)
18 B0 # unsigned(176)
A2 # map(2)
18 1C # unsigned(28)
6B # text(11)
646F6D61696E2D6E616D65
# "domain-name"
18 B2 # unsigned(178)
78 1A # text(26)
6B6A3239303032336A30397233342E6578616D706C652E636F6D
# "kj290023j09r34.example.com"
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Figure 7: Indicators from a Campaign in CBOR
5. Mapkeys
The mapkeys are provided in Table Figure 8 for minimizing the CBOR
size.
+-----------------------------------+-------+
|mapkey |cborkey|
+-----------------------------------+-------+
| iodef-version | -24 |
| iodef-lang | -23 |
| iodef-format-id | -22 |
| iodef-private-enum-name | -21 |
| iodef-private-enum-id | -20 |
| iodef-Incident | -19 |
| iodef-AdditionalData | -18 |
| iodef-value | -17 |
| iodef-translation-id | -16 |
| iodef-name | -15 |
| iodef-dtype | -14 |
| iodef-ext-dtype | -13 |
| iodef-meaning | -12 |
| iodef-formatid | -11 |
| iodef-restriction | -10 |
| iodef-ext-restriction | -9 |
| iodef-observable-id | -8 |
| iodef-SoftwareReference | -7 |
| iodef-URL | -6 |
| iodef-Description | -5 |
| iodef-spec-name | -4 |
| iodef-ext-spec-name | -3 |
| iodef-purpose | -2 |
| iodef-ext-purpose | -1 |
| iodef-status | 0 |
| iodef-ext-status | 1 |
| iodef-IncidentID | 2 |
| iodef-AlternativeID | 3 |
| iodef-RelatedActivity | 4 |
| iodef-DetectTime | 5 |
| iodef-StartTime | 6 |
| iodef-EndTime | 7 |
| iodef-RecoveryTime | 8 |
| iodef-ReportTime | 9 |
| iodef-GenerationTime | 10 |
| iodef-Discovery | 11 |
| iodef-Assessment | 12 |
| iodef-Method | 13 |
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| iodef-Contact | 14 |
| iodef-EventData | 15 |
| iodef-Indicator | 16 |
| iodef-History | 17 |
| iodef-id | 18 |
| iodef-instance | 19 |
| iodef-ThreatActor | 20 |
| iodef-Campaign | 21 |
| iodef-IndicatorID | 22 |
| iodef-Confidence | 23 |
| iodef-ThreatActorID | 24 |
| iodef-CampaignID | 25 |
| iodef-role | 26 |
| iodef-ext-role | 27 |
| iodef-type | 28 |
| iodef-ext-type | 29 |
| iodef-ContactName | 30 |
| iodef-ContactTitle | 31 |
| iodef-RegistryHandle | 32 |
| iodef-PostalAddress | 33 |
| iodef-Email | 34 |
| iodef-Telephone | 35 |
| iodef-Timezone | 36 |
| iodef-handle | 37 |
| iodef-registry | 38 |
| iodef-ext-registry | 39 |
| iodef-PAddress | 40 |
| iodef-EmailTo | 41 |
| iodef-TelephoneNumber | 42 |
| iodef-source | 43 |
| iodef-ext-source | 44 |
| iodef-DetectionPattern | 45 |
| iodef-DetectionConfiguration | 46 |
| iodef-Application | 47 |
| iodef-Reference | 48 |
| iodef-AttackPattern | 49 |
| iodef-Vulnerability | 50 |
| iodef-Weakness | 51 |
| iodef-SpecID | 52 |
| iodef-ext-SpecID | 53 |
| iodef-ContentID | 54 |
| iodef-RawData | 55 |
| iodef-Platform | 56 |
| iodef-Scoring | 57 |
| iodef-ReferenceName | 58 |
| iodef-specIndex | 59 |
| iodef-ID | 60 |
| iodef-occurrence | 61 |
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| iodef-IncidentCategory | 62 |
| iodef-Impact | 63 |
| iodef-SystemImpact | 64 |
| iodef-BusinessImpact | 65 |
| iodef-TimeImpact | 66 |
| iodef-MonetaryImpact | 67 |
| iodef-IntendedImpact | 68 |
| iodef-Counter | 69 |
| iodef-MitigatingFactor | 70 |
| iodef-Cause | 71 |
| iodef-severity | 72 |
| iodef-completion | 73 |
| iodef-ext-severity | 74 |
| iodef-metric | 75 |
| iodef-ext-metric | 76 |
| iodef-duration | 77 |
| iodef-ext-duration | 78 |
| iodef-currency | 79 |
| iodef-rating | 80 |
| iodef-ext-rating | 81 |
| iodef-HistoryItem | 82 |
| iodef-action | 83 |
| iodef-ext-action | 84 |
| iodef-DateTime | 85 |
| iodef-DefinedCOA | 86 |
| iodef-System | 87 |
| iodef-Expectation | 88 |
| iodef-RecordData | 89 |
| iodef-category | 90 |
| iodef-ext-category | 91 |
| iodef-interface | 92 |
| iodef-spoofed | 93 |
| iodef-virtual | 94 |
| iodef-ownership | 95 |
| iodef-ext-ownership | 96 |
| iodef-Node | 97 |
| iodef-NodeRole | 98 |
| iodef-Service | 99 |
| iodef-OperatingSystem | 100 |
| iodef-AssetID | 101 |
| iodef-DomainData | 102 |
| iodef-Address | 103 |
| iodef-Location | 104 |
| iodef-vlan-name | 105 |
| iodef-vlan-num | 106 |
| iodef-unit | 107 |
| iodef-ext-unit | 108 |
| iodef-system-status | 109 |
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| iodef-ext-system-status | 110 |
| iodef-domain-status | 111 |
| iodef-ext-domain-status | 112 |
| iodef-Name | 113 |
| iodef-DateDomainWasChecked | 114 |
| iodef-RegistrationDate | 115 |
| iodef-ExpirationDate | 116 |
| iodef-RelatedDNS | 117 |
| iodef-NameServers | 118 |
| iodef-DomainContacts | 119 |
| iodef-Server | 120 |
| iodef-SameDomainContact | 121 |
| iodef-ip-protocol | 122 |
| iodef-ServiceName | 123 |
| iodef-Port | 124 |
| iodef-Portlist | 125 |
| iodef-ProtoCode | 126 |
| iodef-ProtoType | 127 |
| iodef-ProtoField | 128 |
| iodef-ApplicationHeaderField | 129 |
| iodef-EmailData | 130 |
| iodef-IANAService | 131 |
| iodef-EmailFrom | 132 |
| iodef-EmailSubject | 133 |
| iodef-EmailX-Mailer | 134 |
| iodef-EmailHeaderField | 135 |
| iodef-EmailHeaders | 136 |
| iodef-EmailBody | 137 |
| iodef-EmailMessage | 138 |
| iodef-HashData | 139 |
| iodef-Signature | 140 |
| iodef-RecordPattern | 141 |
| iodef-RecordItem | 142 |
| iodef-FileData | 143 |
| iodef-WindowsRegistryKeysModified | 169 |
| iodef-CertificateData | 145 |
| iodef-offset | 146 |
| iodef-offsetunit | 147 |
| iodef-ext-offsetunit | 148 |
| iodef-Key | 149 |
| iodef-registryaction | 150 |
| iodef-ext-registryaction | 151 |
| iodef-KeyName | 152 |
| iodef-KeyValue | 153 |
| iodef-Certificate | 154 |
| iodef-X509Data | 155 |
| iodef-File | 156 |
| iodef-FileName | 157 |
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| iodef-FileSize | 158 |
| iodef-FileType | 159 |
| iodef-AssociatedSoftware | 160 |
| iodef-FileProperties | 161 |
| iodef-scope | 162 |
| iodef-HashTargetID | 163 |
| iodef-Hash | 164 |
| iodef-FuzzyHash | 165 |
| iodef-DigestMethod | 166 |
| iodef-DigestValue | 167 |
| iodef-CanonicalizationMethod | 168 |
| iodef-FuzzyHashValue | 169 |
| iodef-AlternativeIndicatorID | 170 |
| iodef-Observable | 171 |
| iodef-uid-ref | 172 |
| iodef-IndicatorExpression | 173 |
| iodef-IndicatorReference | 174 |
| iodef-AttackPhase | 175 |
| iodef-BulkObservable | 176 |
| iodef-BulkObservableFormat | 177 |
| iodef-BulkObservableList | 178 |
| iodef-operator | 179 |
| iodef-ext-operator | 180 |
| iodef-euid-ref | 181 |
| iodef-AttackPhaseID | 182 |
+-----------------------------------+-------+
Figure 8: Mapkeys
6. The IODEF Data Model (CDDL)
This section provides the IODEF data model. Note that mapkeys are
described at the beginning of the CDDL data model for better
readability.
start = iodef
;;; iodef.json: IODEF-Document
iodef-version = -24
iodef-lang = -23
iodef-format-id = -22
iodef-private-enum-name = -21
iodef-private-enum-id = -20
iodef-Incident = -19
iodef-AdditionalData = -18
iodef-value = -17
iodef-translation-id = -16
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iodef-name = -15
iodef-dtype = -14
iodef-ext-dtype = -13
iodef-meaning = -12
iodef-formatid = -11
iodef-restriction = -10
iodef-ext-restriction = -9
iodef-observable-id = -8
iodef-SoftwareReference = -7
iodef-URL = -6
iodef-Description = -5
iodef-spec-name = -4
iodef-ext-spec-name = -3
iodef-purpose = -2
iodef-ext-purpose = -1
iodef-status = 0
iodef-ext-status = 1
iodef-IncidentID = 2
iodef-AlternativeID = 3
iodef-RelatedActivity = 4
iodef-DetectTime = 5
iodef-StartTime = 6
iodef-EndTime = 7
iodef-RecoveryTime = 8
iodef-ReportTime = 9
iodef-GenerationTime = 10
iodef-Discovery = 11
iodef-Assessment = 12
iodef-Method = 13
iodef-Contact = 14
iodef-EventData = 15
iodef-Indicator = 16
iodef-History = 17
iodef-id = 18
iodef-instance = 19
iodef-ThreatActor = 20
iodef-Campaign = 21
iodef-IndicatorID = 22
iodef-Confidence = 23
iodef-ThreatActorID = 24
iodef-CampaignID = 25
iodef-role = 26
iodef-ext-role = 27
iodef-type = 28
iodef-ext-type = 29
iodef-ContactName = 30
iodef-ContactTitle = 31
iodef-RegistryHandle = 32
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iodef-PostalAddress = 33
iodef-Email = 34
iodef-Telephone = 35
iodef-Timezone = 36
iodef-handle = 37
iodef-registry = 38
iodef-ext-registry = 39
iodef-PAddress = 40
iodef-EmailTo = 41
iodef-TelephoneNumber = 42
iodef-source = 43
iodef-ext-source = 44
iodef-DetectionPattern = 45
iodef-DetectionConfiguration = 46
iodef-Application = 47
iodef-Reference = 48
iodef-AttackPattern = 49
iodef-Vulnerability = 50
iodef-Weakness = 51
iodef-SpecID = 52
iodef-ext-SpecID = 53
iodef-ContentID = 54
iodef-RawData = 55
iodef-Platform = 56
iodef-Scoring = 57
iodef-ReferenceName = 58
iodef-specIndex = 59
iodef-ID = 60
iodef-occurrence = 61
iodef-IncidentCategory = 62
iodef-Impact = 63
iodef-SystemImpact = 64
iodef-BusinessImpact = 65
iodef-TimeImpact = 66
iodef-MonetaryImpact = 67
iodef-IntendedImpact = 68
iodef-Counter = 69
iodef-MitigatingFactor = 70
iodef-Cause = 71
iodef-severity = 72
iodef-completion = 73
iodef-ext-severity = 74
iodef-metric = 75
iodef-ext-metric = 76
iodef-duration = 77
iodef-ext-duration = 78
iodef-currency = 79
iodef-rating = 80
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iodef-ext-rating = 81
iodef-HistoryItem = 82
iodef-action = 83
iodef-ext-action = 84
iodef-DateTime = 85
iodef-DefinedCOA = 86
iodef-System = 87
iodef-Expectation = 88
iodef-RecordData = 89
iodef-category = 90
iodef-ext-category = 91
iodef-interface = 92
iodef-spoofed = 93
iodef-virtual = 94
iodef-ownership = 95
iodef-ext-ownership = 96
iodef-Node = 97
iodef-NodeRole = 98
iodef-Service = 99
iodef-OperatingSystem = 100
iodef-AssetID = 101
iodef-DomainData = 102
iodef-Address = 103
iodef-Location = 104
iodef-vlan-name = 105
iodef-vlan-num = 106
iodef-unit = 107
iodef-ext-unit = 108
iodef-system-status = 109
iodef-ext-system-status = 110
iodef-domain-status = 111
iodef-ext-domain-status = 112
iodef-Name = 113
iodef-DateDomainWasChecked = 114
iodef-RegistrationDate = 115
iodef-ExpirationDate = 116
iodef-RelatedDNS = 117
iodef-NameServers = 118
iodef-DomainContacts = 119
iodef-Server = 120
iodef-SameDomainContact = 121
iodef-ip-protocol = 122
iodef-ServiceName = 123
iodef-Port = 124
iodef-Portlist = 125
iodef-ProtoCode = 126
iodef-ProtoType = 127
iodef-ProtoField = 128
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iodef-ApplicationHeaderField = 129
iodef-EmailData = 130
iodef-IANAService = 131
iodef-EmailFrom = 132
iodef-EmailSubject = 133
iodef-EmailX-Mailer = 134
iodef-EmailHeaderField = 135
iodef-EmailHeaders = 136
iodef-EmailBody = 137
iodef-EmailMessage = 138
iodef-HashData = 139
iodef-Signature = 140
iodef-RecordPattern = 141
iodef-RecordItem = 142
iodef-FileData = 143
iodef-WindowsRegistryKeysModified = 169
iodef-CertificateData = 145
iodef-offset = 146
iodef-offsetunit = 147
iodef-ext-offsetunit = 148
iodef-Key = 149
iodef-registryaction = 150
iodef-ext-registryaction = 151
iodef-KeyName = 152
iodef-KeyValue = 153
iodef-Certificate = 154
iodef-X509Data = 155
iodef-File = 156
iodef-FileName = 157
iodef-FileSize = 158
iodef-FileType = 159
iodef-AssociatedSoftware = 160
iodef-FileProperties = 161
iodef-scope = 162
iodef-HashTargetID = 163
iodef-Hash = 164
iodef-FuzzyHash = 165
iodef-DigestMethod = 166
iodef-DigestValue = 167
iodef-CanonicalizationMethod = 168
iodef-FuzzyHashValue = 169
iodef-AlternativeIndicatorID = 170
iodef-Observable = 171
iodef-uid-ref = 172
iodef-IndicatorExpression = 173
iodef-IndicatorReference = 174
iodef-AttackPhase = 175
iodef-BulkObservable = 176
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iodef-BulkObservableFormat = 177
iodef-BulkObservableList = 178
iodef-operator = 179
iodef-ext-operator = 180
iodef-euid-ref = 181
iodef-AttackPhaseID = 182
iodef = {
iodef-version => text,
? iodef-lang => lang,
? iodef-format-id => text
? iodef-private-enum-name => text,
? iodef-private-enum-id => text,
iodef-Incident => [+ Incident],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
duration = "second" / "minute" / "hour" / "day" / "month" / "quarter" /
"year" / "ext-value"
lang = "" / text .regexp "[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*"
restriction = "public" / "partner" / "need-to-know" / "private" /
"default" / "white" / "green" / "amber" / "red" /
"ext-value"
SpecID = "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2" / "private"
IDtype = text .regexp "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*"
IDREFType = IDtype
URLtype = uri
TimeZonetype = text .regexp "Z|[\\+\\-](0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9]"
PortlistType = text .regexp "[0-9]+(\\-[0-9]+)?(,[0-9]+(\\-[0-9]+)?)*"
action = "nothing" / "contact-source-site" / "contact-target-site" /
"contact-sender" / "investigate" / "block-host" /
"block-network" / "block-port" / "rate-limit-host" /
"rate-limit-network" / "rate-limit-port" / "redirect-traffic" /
"honeypot" / "upgrade-software" / "rebuild-asset" /
"harden-asset" / "remediate-other" / "status-triage" /
"status-new-info" / "watch-and-report" / "training" /
"defined-coa" / "other" / "ext-value"
DATETIME = tdate
BYTE = eb64legacy
MLStringType = {
iodef-value => text,
? iodef-lang => lang,
? iodef-translation-id => text
} / text
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PositiveFloatType = float32 .gt 0
PAddressType = MLStringType
ExtensionType = {
iodef-value => text,
? iodef-name => text,
iodef-dtype => "boolean" / "byte" / "bytes" / "character" / "date-time" /
"ntpstamp" / "integer" / "portlist" / "real" / "string" /
"file" / "path" / "frame" / "packet" / "ipv4-packet" / "json" /
"ipv6-packet" / "url" / "csv" / "winreg" / "xml" / "ext-value"
.default "string"
? iodef-ext-dtype => text,
? iodef-meaning => text,
? iodef-formatid => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
}
SoftwareType = {
? iodef-SoftwareReference => SoftwareReference,
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
SoftwareReference = {
? iodef-value => text,
iodef-spec-name => "custom" / "cpe" / "swid" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-spec-name => text,
? iodef-dtype => "bytes" / "integer" / "real" / "string" / "xml" /
"ext-value" .default "string",
? iodef-ext-dtype => text
}
Incident = {
iodef-purpose => "traceback" / "mitigation" / "reporting" / "watch" /
"other" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-purpose => text,
? iodef-status => "new" / "in-progress"/ "forwarded" / "resolved" /
"future" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-status => text,
? iodef-lang => lang,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-IncidentID => IncidentID,
? iodef-AlternativeID => AlternativeID,
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? iodef-RelatedActivity => [+ RelatedActivity],
? iodef-DetectTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-StartTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-EndTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-RecoveryTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-ReportTime => DATETIME,
iodef-GenerationTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Discovery => [+ Discovery],
? iodef-Assessment => [+ Assessment],
? iodef-Method => [+ Method],
iodef-Contact => [+ Contact],
? iodef-EventData => [+ EventData],
? iodef-Indicator f=> [+ Indicator],
? iodef-History => History,
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
IncidentID = {
iodef-id => text,
iodef-name => text,
? iodef-instance => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text
}
AlternativeID = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
iodef-IncidentID => [+ IncidentID]
}
RelatedActivity = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-IncidentID => [+ IncidentID],
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-ThreatActor => [+ ThreatActor],
? iodef-Campaign => [+ Campaign],
? iodef-IndicatorID => [+ IndicatorID],
? iodef-Confidence => Confidence,
? iodef-Description => [+ text],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
ThreatActor = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
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? iodef-ThreatActorID => [+ text],
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
Campaign = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-CampaignID => [+ text],
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
Contact = {
iodef-role => "creator" / "reporter" / "admin" / "tech" / "provider" / "user" /,
"billing" / "legal" / "irt" / "abuse" / "cc" / "cc-irt" / "leo" /
"vendor" / "vendor-support" / "victim" / "victim-notified" /
"ext-value",
? iodef-ext-role => text,
iodef-type => "person" / "organization" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-ContactName => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-ContactTitle => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-RegistryHandle => [+ RegistryHandle],
? iodef-PostalAddress => [+ PostalAddress],
? iodef-Email => [+ Email],
? iodef-Telephone => [+ Telephone],
? iodef-Timezone => TimeZonetype,
? iodef-Contact => [+ Contact],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
RegistryHandle = {
iodef-handle => text,
iodef-registry => "internic" / "apnic" / "arin" / "lacnic" / "ripe" /
"afrinic" / "local" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-registry => text
}
PostalAddress = {
? iodef-type => "street" / "mailing" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
iodef-PAddress => PAddressType,
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? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
Email = {
? iodef-type => "direct" / "hotline" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
iodef-EmailTo => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
Telephone = {
? iodef-type => "wired" / "mobile" / "fax" / "hotline" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
iodef-TelephoneNumber => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
Discovery = {
? iodef-source => "nidps" /"hips" /"siem" /"av" /"third-party-monitoring" /
"incident" / "os-log" / "application-log" / "device-log" /
"network-flow" / "passive-dns" / "investigation" / "audit" /
"internal-notification" / "external-notification" /
"leo" / "partner" / "actor" / "unknown" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-source => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Contact => [+ Contact],
? iodef-DetectionPattern => [+ DetectionPattern]
}
DetectionPattern = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
(iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType] // iodef-DetectionConfiguration => [+ text]),
iodef-Application => SoftwareType
}
Method = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-Reference => [+ Reference],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-AttackPattern => [+ StructuredInfo],
? iodef-Vulnerability => [+ StructuredInfo],
? iodef-Weakness => [+ StructuredInfo],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
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}
StructuredInfo = {
iodef-SpecID => SpecID,
? iodef-ext-SpecID => text,
? iodef-ContentID => text,
? (iodef-RawData => [+ BYTE] // iodef-Reference => [+ Reference]),
? iodef-Platform => [+ Platform],
? iodef-Scoring => [+ Scoring]
}
Platform = {
iodef-SpecID => SpecID,
? iodef-ext-SpecID => text,
? iodef-ContentID => text,
? iodef-RawData => [+ BYTE],
? iodef-Reference => [+ Reference]
}
Scoring = {
iodef-SpecID => SpecID,
? iodef-ext-SpecID => text,
? iodef-ContentID => text,
? iodef-RawData => [+ BYTE],
? iodef-Reference => [+ Reference]
}
Reference = {
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-ReferenceName => ReferenceName,
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
ReferenceName = {
iodef-specIndex => integer,
iodef-ID => IDtype
}
Assessment = {
? iodef-occurrence => "actual" / "potential",
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-IncidentCategory => [+ MLStringType],
iodef-Impact => [+ {iodef-SystemImpact => SystemImpact} /
{iodef-BusinessImpact => BusinessImpact /
{iodef-TimeImpact => TimeImpact} /
{iodef-MonetaryImpact => MonetaryImpact} /
{iodef-IntendedImpact => BusinessImpact}],
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? iodef-Counter => [+ Counter],
? iodef-MitigatingFactor => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Cause => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Confidence => Confidence,
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
SystemImpact = {
? iodef-severity => "low" / "medium" / "high",
? iodef-completion => "failed" / "succeeded",
iodef-type => "takeover-account" / "takeover-service" / "takeover-system" /
"cps-manipulation" / "cps-damage" / "availability-data" /
"availability-account" / "availability-service" /
"availability-system" / "damaged-system" / "damaged-data" /
"breach-proprietary" / "breach-privacy" / "breach-credential" /
"breach-configuration" / "integrity-data" /
"integrity-configuration" / "integrity-hardware" /
"traffic-redirection" / "monitoring-traffic" / "monitoring-host" /
"policy" / "unknown" / "ext-value" .default "unknown",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
BusinessImpact = {
? iodef-severity => "none" / "low" / "medium" / "high" / "unknown" /
"ext-value" .default "unknown",
? iodef-ext-severity => text,
iodef-type => "breach-proprietary" / "breach-privacy" /
"breach-credential" / "loss-of-integrity" / "loss-of-service" /
"theft-financial" / "theft-service" / "degraded-reputation" /
"asset-damage" / "asset-manipulation" / "legal" / "extortion" /
"unknown" / "ext-value" .default "unknown",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
TimeImpact = {
iodef-value => PositiveFloatType,
? iodef-severity => "low" / "medium" / "high",
iodef-metric => "labor" / "elapsed" / "downtime" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-metric => text,
? iodef-duration => duration .default "hour",
? iodef-ext-duration => text
}
MonetaryImpact = {
iodef-value => PositiveFloatType,
? iodef-severity => "low" / "medium" / "high",
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? iodef-currency => text
}
Confidence = {
iodef-value => float32,
iodef-rating => "low" / "medium" / "high" / "numeric" / "unknown" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-rating => text
}
History = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
iodef-HistoryItem => [+ HistoryItem]
}
HistoryItem = {
iodef-action => action .default "other",
? iodef-ext-action => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-DateTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-IncidentID => IncidentID,
? iodef-Contact => Contact,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-DefinedCOA => [+ text],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
EventData = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "default",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-DetectTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-StartTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-EndTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-RecoveryTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-ReportTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-Contact => [+ Contact],
? iodef-Discovery => [+ Discovery],
? iodef-Assessment => Assessment,
? iodef-Method => [+ Method],
? iodef-System => [+ System],
? iodef-Expectation => [+ Expectation],
? iodef-RecordData => [+ RecordData],
? iodef-EventData => [+ EventData],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
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}
Expectation = {
? iodef-action => action .default "other",
? iodef-ext-action => text,
? iodef-severity => "low" / "medium" / "high",
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "default",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-DefinedCOA => [+ text],
? iodef-StartTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-EndTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-Contact => Contact
}
System = {
? iodef-category => "source" / "target" / "intermediate" / "sensor" /
"infrastructure" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-category => text,
? iodef-interface => text,
? iodef-spoofed => "unknown" / "yes" / "no" .default "unknown",
? iodef-virtual => "yes" / "no" / "unknown" .default "unknown",
? iodef-ownership => "organization" / "personal" / "partner" / "customer" /
"no-relationship" / "unknown" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-ownership => text,
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-Node => Node,
? iodef-NodeRole => [+ NodeRole],
? iodef-Service => [+ Service],
? iodef-OperatingSystem => [+ SoftwareType],
? iodef-Counter => [+ Counter],
? iodef-AssetID => [+ text],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
Node = {
(iodef-DomainData => [+ DomainData] // iodef-Address => [+ Address]),
? iodef-PostalAddress => PostalAddress,
? iodef-Location => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Counter => [+ Counter]
}
Address = {
iodef-value => text,
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iodef-category => "asn" / "atm" / "e-mail" / "ipv4-addr" / "ipv4-net" /
"ipv4-net-masked" / "ipv4-net-mask" / "ipv6-addr" /
"ipv6-net" / "ipv6-net-masked" / "mac" / "site-uri" /
"ext-value" .default "ipv6-addr",
? iodef-ext-category => text,
? iodef-vlan-name => text,
? iodef-vlan-num => integer,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype
}
NodeRole = {
iodef-category => "client" / "client-enterprise" / "client-partner" /
"client-remote" / "client-kiosk" / "client-mobile" /
"server-internal" / "server-public" / "www" / "mail" /
"webmail" / "messaging" / "streaming" / "voice" / "file" /
"ftp" / "p2p" / "name" / "directory" / "credential" /
"print" / "application" / "database" / "backup" / "dhcp" /
"assessment" / "source-control" / "config-management" /
"monitoring" / "infra" / "infra-firewall" / "infra-router" /
"infra-switch" / "camera" / "proxy" / "remote-access" /
"log" / "virtualization" / "pos" / "scada" /
"scada-supervisory" / "sinkhole" / "honeypot" /
"anomyzation" / "c2-server" / "malware-distribution" /
"drop-server" / "hop-point" / "reflector" /
"phishing-site" / "spear-phishing-site" / "recruiting-site" /
"fraudulent-site" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-category => text,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
Counter = {
iodef-value => float32,
iodef-type => "count" / "peak" / "average" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
iodef-unit => "byte" / "mbit" / "packet" / "flow" / "session" / "alert" /
"message" / "event" / "host" / "site" / "organization" /
"ext-value",
? iodef-ext-unit => text,
? iodef-meaning => text,
? iodef-duration => duration .default "hour",
? iodef-ext-duration => text
}
DomainData = {
iodef-system-status => "spoofed" / "fraudulent" / "innocent-hacked" /
"innocent-hijacked" / "unknown" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-system-status => text,
iodef-domain-status => "reservedDelegation" / "assignedAndActive" /
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"assignedAndInactive" / "assignedAndOnHold" /
"revoked" / "transferPending" / "registryLock" /
"registrarLock" / "other" / "unknown" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-domain-status => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-Name => text,
? iodef-DateDomainWasChecked => DATETIME,
? iodef-RegistrationDate => DATETIME,
? iodef-ExpirationDate => DATETIME,
? iodef-RelatedDNS => [+ ExtensionType],
? iodef-NameServers => [+ NameServers],
? iodef-DomainContacts => DomainContacts
}
NameServers = {
iodef-Server => text,
iodef-Address => [+ Address]
}
DomainContacts = {
(iodef-SameDomainContact => text // iodef-Contact => [+ Contact])
}
Service = {
? iodef-ip-protocol => integer,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-ServiceName => ServiceName,
? iodef-Port => integer,
? iodef-Portlist => PortlistType,
? iodef-ProtoCode => integer,
? iodef-ProtoType => integer,
? iodef-ProtoField => integer,
? iodef-ApplicationHeaderField => [+ ExtensionType],
? iodef-EmailData => EmailData,
? iodef-Application => SoftwareType
}
ServiceName = {
? iodef-IANAService => text,
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
EmailData = {
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-EmailTo => [+ text],
? iodef-EmailFrom => text,
? iodef-EmailSubject => text,
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? iodef-EmailX-Mailer => text,
? iodef-EmailHeaderField => [+ ExtensionType],
? iodef-EmailHeaders => text,
? iodef-EmailBody => text,
? iodef-EmailMessage => text,
? iodef-HashData => [+ HashData],
? iodef-Signature => [+ BYTE]
}
RecordData = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-DateTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-Application => SoftwareType,
? iodef-RecordPattern => [+ RecordPattern],
? iodef-RecordItem => [+ ExtensionType],
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-FileData => [+ FileData],
? iodef-WindowsRegistryKeysModified => [+ WindowsRegistryKeysModified],
? iodef-CertificateData => [+ CertificateData],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
RecordPattern = {
iodef-value => text,
iodef-type => "regex" / "binary" / "xpath" / "ext-value" .default "regex",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
? iodef-offset => integer,
? iodef-offsetunit => "line" / "byte" / "ext-value" .default "line",
? iodef-ext-offsetunit => text,
? iodef-instance => integer
}
WindowsRegistryKeysModified = {
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-Key => [+ Key]
}
Key = {
? iodef-registryaction => "add-key" / "add-value" / "delete-key" /
"delete-value" / "modify-key" / "modify-value" /
"ext-value",
? iodef-ext-registryaction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-KeyName => text,
? iodef-KeyValue => text
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}
CertificateData = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-Certificate => [+ Certificate]
}
Certificate = {
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-X509Data => BYTE,
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType]
}
FileData = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
iodef-File => [+ File]
}
File = {
? iodef-observable-id => IDtype,
? iodef-FileName => text,
? iodef-FileSize => integer,
? iodef-FileType => text,
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-HashData => HashData,
? iodef-Signature => [+ BYTE],
? iodef-AssociatedSoftware => SoftwareType,
? iodef-FileProperties => [+ ExtensionType]
}
HashData = {
iodef-scope => "file-contents" / "file-pe-section" / "file-pe-iat" /
"file-pe-resource" / "file-pdf-object" / "email-hash" /
"email-headers-hash" / "email-body-hash" / "ext-value",
? iodef-HashTargetID => text,
? iodef-Hash => [+ Hash],
? iodef-FuzzyHash => [+ FuzzyHash]
}
Hash = {
iodef-DigestMethod => BYTE,
iodef-DigestValue => BYTE,
? iodef-CanonicalizationMethod => BYTE,
? iodef-Application => SoftwareType
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}
FuzzyHash = {
iodef-FuzzyHashValue => [+ ExtensionType],
? iodef-Application => SoftwareType,
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
Indicator = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
iodef-IndicatorID => IndicatorID,
? iodef-AlternativeIndicatorID => [+ AlternativeIndicatorID],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
? iodef-StartTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-EndTime => DATETIME,
? iodef-Confidence => Confidence,
? iodef-Contact => [+ Contact],
(iodef-Observable => Observable // iodef-uid-ref => IDREFType //
iodef-IndicatorExpression => IndicatorExpression //
iodef-IndicatorReference => IndicatorReference),
? iodef-NodeRole => [+ NodeRole],
? iodef-AttackPhase => [+ AttackPhase],
? iodef-Reference => [+ Reference],
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
IndicatorID = {
iodef-id => IDtype,
iodef-name => text,
iodef-version => text
}
AlternativeIndicatorID = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
iodef-IndicatorID => [+ IndicatorID]
}
Observable = {
? iodef-restriction => restriction .default "private",
? iodef-ext-restriction => text,
? (iodef-System => System // iodef-Address => Address //
iodef-DomainData => DomainData // iodef-EmailData => EmailData //
iodef-Service => Service //
iodef-WindowsRegistryKeysModified => WindowsRegistryKeysModified //
iodef-FileData => FileData //iodef-CertificateData => CertificateData //
iodef-RegistryHandle =>RegistryHandle// iodef-RecordData =>RecordData //
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iodef-EventData => EventData // iodef-Incident => Incident //
iodef-Expectation => Expectation // iodef-Reference => Reference //
iodef-Assessment => Assessment //
iodef-DetectionPattern => DetectionPattern //
iodef-HistoryItem => HistoryItem //
iodef-BulkObservable => BulkObservable //
iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType])
}
BulkObservable = {
? iodef-type => "asn" / "atm" / "e-mail" / "ipv4-addr" / "ipv4-net" /
"ipv4-net-mask" / "ipv6-addr" / "ipv6-net" / "ipv6-net-mask" /
"mac" / "site-uri" / "domain-name" / "domain-to-ipv4" /
"domain-to-ipv6" / "domain-to-ipv4-timestamp" /
"domain-to-ipv6-timestamp" / "ipv4-port" / "ipv6-port" /
"windows-reg-key" / "file-hash" / "email-x-mailer" /
"email-subject" / "http-user-agent" / "http-request-uri" /
"mutex" / "file-path" / "user-name" / "ext-value",
? iodef-ext-type => text,
? iodef-BulkObservableFormat => BulkObservableFormat,
iodef-BulkObservableList => text,
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
BulkObservableFormat = {
(iodef-Hash => Hash // iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType])
}
IndicatorExpression = {
? iodef-operator => "not" / "and" / "or" / "xor" .default "and",
? iodef-ext-operator => text,
? iodef-IndicatorExpression => [+ IndicatorExpression],
? iodef-Observable => [+ Observable],
? iodef-uid-ref => [+ IDREFType],
? iodef-IndicatorReference => [+ IndicatorReference],
? iodef-Confidence => Confidence,
? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
IndicatorReference = {
(iodef-uid-ref => IDREFType // iodef-euid-ref => text),
? iodef-version => text
}
AttackPhase = {
? iodef-AttackPhaseID => [+ text],
? iodef-URL => [+ URLtype],
? iodef-Description => [+ MLStringType],
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? iodef-AdditionalData => [+ ExtensionType]
}
Figure 9: Data Model in CDDL
7. IANA Considerations
This document does not require any IANA actions.
8. Security Considerations
This document provides a mapping from XML IODEF defined in [RFC7970]
to JSON, and Section 3.2 describes several issues that arise when
converting XML IODEF and JSON IODEF. Though it does not provide any
further security considerations than the one described in [RFC7970],
impelementers of this document should be aware of those issues to
avoid any unintended outcome.
9. Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Henk Birkholz, Carsten Bormann, Benjamin
Kaduk, Alexey Melnikov, Yasuaki Morita, and Takahiko Nagata for their
insightful comments on this document and CDDL.
10. References
10.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.
[RFC3986] Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax", STD 66,
RFC 3986, DOI 10.17487/RFC3986, January 2005,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3986>.
[RFC4648] Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
Encodings", RFC 4648, DOI 10.17487/RFC4648, October 2006,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4648>.
[RFC7049] Bormann, C. and P. Hoffman, "Concise Binary Object
Representation (CBOR)", RFC 7049, DOI 10.17487/RFC7049,
October 2013, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7049>.
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[RFC7203] Takahashi, T., Landfield, K., and Y. Kadobayashi, "An
Incident Object Description Exchange Format (IODEF)
Extension for Structured Cybersecurity Information",
RFC 7203, DOI 10.17487/RFC7203, April 2014,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7203>.
[RFC7970] Danyliw, R., "The Incident Object Description Exchange
Format Version 2", RFC 7970, DOI 10.17487/RFC7970,
November 2016, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7970>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.
[RFC8259] Bray, T., Ed., "The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data
Interchange Format", STD 90, RFC 8259,
DOI 10.17487/RFC8259, December 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8259>.
[RFC8610] Birkholz, H., Vigano, C., and C. Bormann, "Concise Data
Definition Language (CDDL): A Notational Convention to
Express Concise Binary Object Representation (CBOR) and
JSON Data Structures", RFC 8610, DOI 10.17487/RFC8610,
June 2019, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8610>.
10.2. Informative References
[I-D.handrews-json-schema-validation]
Wright, A., Andrews, H., and B. Hutton, "JSON Schema
Validation: A Vocabulary for Structural Validation of
JSON", draft-handrews-json-schema-validation-02 (work in
progress), September 2019.
Appendix A. Data Types used in this document
The CDDL prelude used in this document is mapped to JSON as shown in
the table below.
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+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
| CDDL Prelude | Use of JSON | Instance | Validation |
+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
| bytes | n/a | string | tool available |
| text | string | string | unnecessary |
| tdate | n/a | string | 7.3.1 date-time |
| integer | n/a | number | integer |
| eb64legacy | n/a | string | tool available |
| uri | n/a | string | 7.3.6 uri |
| float32 | float32 | number | unnecessary |
+-----------------+-------------------+----------------------------+
Figure 10: CDDL Prelude mapping in JSON
Appendix B. The IODEF Data Model (JSON Schema)
This section provides a JSON schema
[I-D.handrews-json-schema-validation] that defines the IODEF Data
Model defined in this draft. Note that this section is Informative.
{ "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-04/schema#",
"definitions": {
"action": {"enum": ["nothing","contact-source-site",
"contact-target-site","contact-sender","investigate",
"block-host","block-network","block-port","rate-limit-host",
"rate-limit-network","rate-limit-port","redirect-traffic",
"honeypot","upgrade-software","rebuild-asset","harden-asset",
"remediate-other","status-triage","status-new-info",
"watch-and-report","training","defined-coa","other",
"ext-value"]},
"duration":{"enum":["second","minute","hour","day","month",
"quarter","year","ext-value"]},
"SpecID":{
"enum":["urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:mile:mmdef:1.2","private"]},
"lang": {
"type":"string","pattern":"^$|[a-zA-Z]{1,8}(-[a-zA-Z0-9]{1,8})*"},
"purpose": {"enum": ["traceback","mitigation","reporting","watch",
"other","ext-value"]},
"restriction":{"enum":["public","partner","need-to-know","private",
"default","white","green","amber","red","ext-value"]},
"status": {"enum": ["new","in-progress","forwarded","resolved",
"future","ext-value"]},
"DATETIME": {"type": "string","format": "date-time"},
"BYTE": {"type": "string"},
"PortlistType": {
"type": "string","pattern": "[0-9]+(\\-[0-9]+)?(,[0-9]+(\\-[0-9]+)?)*"},
"TimeZonetype": {
"type":"string","pattern":"Z|[\\+\\-](0[0-9]|1[0-4]):[0-5][0-9]"},
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"URLtype": {
"type": "string",
"pattern":
"^(([^:/?#]+):)?(//([^/?#]*))?([^?#]*)(\\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?"},
"IDtype": {"type": "string","pattern": "[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_.-]*"},
"IDREFType": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"MLStringType": {
"oneOf": [{"type": "string"},
{"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"translation-id": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value"],
"additionalProperties":false}]},
"PositiveFloatType": {"type": "number","minimum": 0},
"PAddressType": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"ExtensionType": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"dtype":{"enum":["boolean","byte","bytes","character", "json",
"date-time","ntpstamp","integer","portlist","real","string",
"file","path","frame","packet","ipv4-packet","ipv6-packet",
"url", "csv","winreg","xml","ext-value"],"default": "string"},
"ext-dtype": {"type": "string"},
"meaning": {"type": "string"},
"formatid": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction","default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["value","dtype"],
"additionalProperties":false},
"ExtensionTypeList": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"SoftwareType": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SoftwareReference":{"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareReference"},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype",
"minItems": 1}},
"Description": {
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"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1 }},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"SoftwareReference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"spec-name": {"enum": ["custom","cpe","swid","ext-value"]},
"ext-spec-name": {"type": "string"},
"dtype": {"enum": ["bytes","integer","real","string","xml",
"ext-value"] , "default": "string"},
"ext-dtype": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["spec-name"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"StructuredInfo": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Platform": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Platform"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Scoring": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Scoring"},
"minItems": 1}},
"allOf": [
{"required": ["SpecID"]},
{"anyOf": [
{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Reference"]},
{"required":["RawData"]}]},
{ "not" : {"required":["Reference", "RawData"]}}]}],
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"additionalProperties": false},
"Platform": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["SpecID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Scoring": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"SpecID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/SpecID"},
"ext-SpecID": {"type": "string"},
"ContentID": {"type": "string"},
"RawData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1
},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["SpecID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Incident": {
"title": "Incident",
"description": "JSON schema for Incident class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"purpose": {"$ref": "#/definitions/purpose"},
"ext-purpose": {"type": "string"},
"status": {"$ref": "#/definitions/status"},
"ext-status": {"type": "string"},
"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
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"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"AlternativeID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeID"},
"RelatedActivity": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RelatedActivity"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RecoveryTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ReportTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"GenerationTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Discovery": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"},
"minItems": 1},
"Assessment": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"minItems": 1},
"Method": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"},
"minItems": 1},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"EventData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Indicator": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Indicator"},
"minItems": 1},
"History": {"$ref": "#/definitions/History"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["IncidentID","GenerationTime","Contact","purpose"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IncidentID": {
"title": "IncidentID",
"description": "JSON schema for IncidentID class",
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"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"instance": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["id","name"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AlternativeID": {
"title": "AlternativeID",
"description": "JSON schema for AlternativeID class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"IncidentID": {
"type": "array",
"items":{"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"minItems": 1},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["IncidentID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RelatedActivity": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IncidentID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"ThreatActor": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ThreatActor"},
"minItems": 1},
"Campaign": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Campaign"},
"minItems": 1},
"IndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
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"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"additionalProperties": false},
"ThreatActor": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"ThreatActorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"additionalProperties": false},
"Campaign": {
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"CampaignID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}}},
"Contact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
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"role": {
"enum":["creator","reporter","admin","tech","provider","user",
"billing","legal","irt","abuse","cc","cc-irt","leo",
"vendor","vendor-support","victim","victim-notified",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-role": {"type": "string"},
"type": {"enum": ["person","organization","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"ContactName": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"ContactTitle": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"RegistryHandle": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/RegistryHandle"},
"minItems": 1},
"PostalAddress": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/PostalAddress"},
"minItems": 1},
"Email": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Email"},
"minItems": 1},
"Telephone": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Telephone"},
"minItems": 1},
"Timezone": {"$ref": "#/definitions/TimeZonetype"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["role","type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RegistryHandle": {
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"type": "object",
"properties": {
"handle": {"type": "string"},
"registry": {
"enum": ["internic","apnic","arin","lacnic","ripe","afrinic",
"local","ext-value"]},
"ext-registry": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["handle","registry"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"PostalAddress": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum": ["street","mailing","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"PAddress": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PAddressType"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["PAddress"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Email": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum":["direct","hotline","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"EmailTo": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["EmailTo"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Telephone": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"enum":["wired","mobile","fax","hotline","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"TelephoneNumber": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["TelephoneNumber"],
"additionalProperties": false},
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"Discovery": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"source": {
"enum":["nidps","hips","siem","av","third-party-monitoring",
"incident","os-log","application-log","device-log",
"network-flow","passive-dns","investigation","audit",
"internal-notification","external-notification","leo",
"partner","actor","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-source": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectionPattern": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/DetectionPattern"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"DetectionPattern": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"DetectionConfiguration": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1}},
"allOf": [
{"required": ["Application"]},
{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Description"]},
{"required":["DetectionConfiguration"]}]}],
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"additionalProperties": false},
"Method": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AttackPattern": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"Vulnerability": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"Weakness": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/StructuredInfo"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Reference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"ReferenceName": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ReferenceName"},
"URL":{
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"ReferenceName" : {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
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"specIndex": {"type": "number"},
"ID": {"$ref":"#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["specIndex","ID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Assessment": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"occurrence": {"enum":["actual","potential"]},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"IncidentCategory": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Impact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"properties": {
"SystemImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/SystemImpact"},
"BusinessImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/BusinessImpact"},
"TimeImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/TimeImpact"},
"MonetaryImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/MonetaryImpact"},
"IntendedImpact":{"$ref":"#/definitions/BusinessImpact"}},
"additionalProperties":false},
"minItems" : 1
},
"Counter": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1},
"MitigatingFactor": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Cause": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["Impact"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"SystemImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"severity": {"enum":["low","medium","high"]},
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"completion": {"enum":["failed","succeeded"]},
"type": {
"enum":["takeover-account","takeover-service",
"takeover-system","cps-manipulation","cps-damage",
"availability-data","availability-account",
"availability-service","availability-system",
"damaged-system","damaged-data","breach-proprietary",
"breach-privacy","breach-credential",
"breach-configuration","integrity-data",
"integrity-configuration","integrity-hardware",
"traffic-redirection","monitoring-traffic",
"monitoring-host","policy","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BusinessImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"severity": {"enum":["none","low","medium","high","unknown",
"ext-value"],"default": "unknown"},
"ext-severity": {"type":"string"},
"type": {"enum":["breach-proprietary","breach-privacy",
"breach-credential","loss-of-integrity","loss-of-service",
"theft-financial","theft-service","degraded-reputation",
"asset-damage","asset-manipulation","legal","extortion",
"unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"TimeImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PositiveFloatType"},
"severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]},
"metric": {"enum": ["labor","elapsed","downtime","ext-value"]},
"ext-metric": {"type": "string"},
"duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration","default": "hour"},
"ext-duration": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value","metric"],
"additionalProperties": false},
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"MonetaryImpact": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PositiveFloatType"},
"severity": {"enum":["low","medium","high"]},
"currency": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Confidence": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "number"},
"rating": {"enum": ["low","medium","high","numeric","unknown",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-rating": {"type":"string"}},
"required": ["value","rating"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"History": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"HistoryItem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["HistoryItem"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"HistoryItem": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"action": {"$ref": "#/definitions/action","default": "other"},
"ext-action": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"IncidentID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IncidentID"},
"Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"DefinedCOA": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
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"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["DateTime","action"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"EventData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Description": {"type": "array",
"items": { "$ref":"#/definitions/MLStringType"}},
"DetectTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RecoveryTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ReportTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"Discovery": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Discovery"},
"minItems": 1},
"Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"Method": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Method"},
"minItems": 1},
"System": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"},
"minItems": 1},
"Expectation": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"},
"minItems": 1},
"RecordData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordData"},
"minItems": 1},
"EventData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
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"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Expectation": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"action": {"$ref":"#/definitions/action","default": "other"},
"ext-action": {"type": "string"},
"severity": {"enum": ["low","medium","high"]},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "default"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"DefinedCOA": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Contact": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"System": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"category": {
"enum": ["source","target","intermediate","sensor",
"infrastructure","ext-value"]},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"interface": {"type": "string"},
"spoofed": {"enum": ["unknown","yes","no"],"default":"unknown"},
"virtual": {"enum": ["yes","no","unknown"],"default":"unknown"},
"ownership": {
"enum":["organization","personal","partner","customer",
"no-relationship","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-ownership": {"type": "string"},
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Node": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Node"},
"NodeRole": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"},
"minItems": 1},
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"Service": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"},
"minItems": 1},
"OperatingSystem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Counter": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1},
"AssetID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["Node"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Node": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"DomainData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Address": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"},
"minItems": 1},
"PostalAddress": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PostalAddress"},
"Location": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Counter": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Counter"},
"minItems": 1}},
"anyOf": [
{"required": ["DomainData"]},
{"required": ["Address"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
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"Address": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"category": {
"enum":["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net",
"ipv4-net-masked","ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net",
"ipv6-net-masked","mac","site-uri","ext-value"],
"default": "ipv6-addr"},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"vlan-name": {"type": "string"},
"vlan-num": {"type": "number"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"}},
"required": ["value","category"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"NodeRole": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"category": {
"enum":["client","client-enterprise","client-partner",
"client-remote","client-kiosk","client-mobile",
"server-internal","server-public","www","mail","webmail",
"messaging","streaming","voice","file","ftp","p2p","name",
"directory","credential","print","application","database",
"backup","dhcp","assessment","source-control",
"config-management","monitoring","infra","infra-firewall",
"infra-router","infra-switch","camera","proxy",
"remote-access","log","virtualization","pos", "scada",
"scada-supervisory","sinkhole","honeypot","anomyzation",
"c2-server","malware-distribution","drop-server",
"hop-point","reflector","phishing-site",
"spear-phishing-site","recruiting-site","fraudulent-site",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-category": {"type": "string"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["category"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Counter": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "number"},
"type": {"enum": ["count","peak","average","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"unit":{"enum":["byte","mbit","packet","flow","session","alert",
"message","event","host","site","organization","ext-value"]},
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"ext-unit": {"type": "string"},
"meaning": {"type": "string"},
"duration": {"$ref":"#/definitions/duration","default": "hour"},
"ext-duration": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["value","type","unit"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"DomainData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"system-status": {
"enum": ["spoofed","fraudulent","innocent-hacked",
"innocent-hijacked","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-system-status": {"type": "string"},
"domain-status": {
"enum": [ "reservedDelegation","assignedAndActive",
"assignedAndInactive","assignedAndOnHold","revoked",
"transferPending","registryLock","registrarLock",
"other","unknown","ext-value"]},
"ext-domain-status": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Name": {"type": "string"},
"DateDomainWasChecked": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RegistrationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"ExpirationDate": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"RelatedDNS": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"NameServers": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NameServers"},
"minItems": 1},
"DomainContacts": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainContacts"}},
"required": ["Name","system-status","domain-status"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"NameServers": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"Server": {"type": "string"},
"Address": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Address"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Server","Address"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"DomainContacts": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
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"SameDomainContact": {"type": "string"},
"Contact": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["SameDomainContact"]},
{"required": ["Contact"]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Service": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"ip-protocol": {"type": "number"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"ServiceName": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ServiceName"},
"Port": {"type": "number"},
"Portlist": {"$ref": "#/definitions/PortlistType"},
"ProtoCode": {"type": "number"},
"ProtoType": {"type": "number"},
"ProtoField": {"type": "number"},
"ApplicationHeaderField":{
"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"},
"EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"ServiceName": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"IANAService": {"type": "string"},
"URL": {
"type": "array","items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"}},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"EmailData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"EmailTo": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"EmailFrom": {"type": "string"},
"EmailSubject": {"type": "string"},
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"EmailX-Mailer": {"type": "string"},
"EmailHeaderField": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"EmailHeaders": {"type": "string"},
"EmailBody": {"type": "string"},
"EmailMessage": {"type": "string"},
"HashData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"},
"minItems": 1},
"Signature": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RecordData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"DateTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"RecordPattern": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordPattern"},
"minItems": 1},
"RecordItem": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"FileData": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"},
"minItems": 1},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
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"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref":"#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"},
"minItems": 1},
"CertificateData": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/CertificateData"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"RecordPattern": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"value": {"type": "string"},
"type": {"enum": ["regex","binary","xpath","ext-value"],
"default": "regex"},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"offset": {"type": "number"},
"offsetunit": {"enum":["line","byte","ext-value"] ,
"default": "line"},
"ext-offsetunit": {"type": "string"},
"instance": {"type": "number"}},
"required": ["value","type"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Key": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Key"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Key"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Key": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"registryaction": {"enum": ["add-key","add-value","delete-key",
"delete-value","modify-key","modify-value",
"ext-value"]},
"ext-registryaction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"KeyName": {"type":"string"},
"KeyValue": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["KeyName"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"CertificateData": {
"type": "object",
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"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"Certificate": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Certificate"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["Certificate"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Certificate": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"X509Data": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["X509Data"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"FileData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"File": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/File"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["File"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"File": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"observable-id": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDtype"},
"FileName": {"type": "string"},
"FileSize": {"type": "number"},
"FileType": {"type": "string"},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"HashData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HashData"},
"Signature": {
"type": "array",
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"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"minItems": 1},
"AssociatedSoftware": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"FileProperties": {
"type":"array",
"items":{"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"HashData": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"scope": {"enum": ["file-contents","file-pe-section",
"file-pe-iat","file-pe-resource","file-pdf-object",
"email-hash","email-headers-hash","email-body-hash",
"ext-value"]},
"HashTargetID": {"type": "string"},
"Hash": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"},
"minItems": 1},
"FuzzyHash": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FuzzyHash"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["scope"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Hash": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"DigestMethod": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"DigestValue": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"CanonicalizationMethod": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BYTE"},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"}},
"required": ["DigestMethod","DigestValue"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"FuzzyHash": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"FuzzyHashValue": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/ExtensionType"},
"minItems": 1},
"Application": {"$ref": "#/definitions/SoftwareType"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["FuzzyHashValue"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Indicator": {
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"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorID": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
"AlternativeIndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AlternativeIndicatorID"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"StartTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"EndTime": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DATETIME"},
"Confidence": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Confidence"},
"Contact": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Contact"},
"minItems": 1},
"Observable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"},
"uid-ref": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"IndicatorExpression":{
"$ref":"#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"},
"IndicatorReference":{
"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"},
"NodeRole": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/NodeRole"},
"minItems": 1},
"AttackPhase": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/AttackPhase"},
"minItems": 1},
"Reference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"allOf": [
{"required": ["IndicatorID"]},
{"oneOf": [
{"required":["Observable"]},
{"required":["uid-ref"]},
{"required":["IndicatorExpression"]},
{"required":["IndicatorReference"]}]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
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"IndicatorID": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"id": {"type": "string"},
"name": {"type": "string"},
"version": {"type": "string"}},
"required": ["id","name","version"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AlternativeIndicatorID": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorID"},
"minItems": 1}},
"required": ["IndicatorID"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"Observable": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"restriction": {"$ref": "#/definitions/restriction",
"default": "private"},
"ext-restriction": {"type": "string"},
"System": {"$ref": "#/definitions/System"},
"Address": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Address"},
"DomainData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DomainData"},
"EmailData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EmailData"},
"Service": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Service"},
"WindowsRegistryKeysModified": {
"$ref": "#/definitions/WindowsRegistryKeysModified"},
"FileData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/FileData"},
"CertificateData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/CertificateData"},
"RegistryHandle": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RegistryHandle"},
"RecordData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/RecordData"},
"EventData": {"$ref": "#/definitions/EventData"},
"Incident": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"},
"Expectation": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Expectation"},
"Reference": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Reference"},
"Assessment": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Assessment"},
"DetectionPattern": {"$ref": "#/definitions/DetectionPattern"},
"HistoryItem": {"$ref": "#/definitions/HistoryItem"},
"BulkObservable": {"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservable"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required":["System"]},
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{"required":["Address"]},
{"required":["DomainData"]},
{"required":["EmailData"]},
{"required":["Service"]},
{"required":["WindowsRegistryKeysModified"]},
{"required":["FileData"]},
{"required":["CertificateData"]},
{"required":["RegistryHandle"]},
{"required":["RecordData"]},
{"required":["EventData"]},
{"required":["Incident"]},
{"required":["Expectation"]},
{"required":["Reference"]},
{"required":["Assessment"]},
{"required":["DetectionPattern"]},
{"required":["HistoryItem"]},
{"required":["BulkObservable"]},
{"required":["AdditionalData"]}],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BulkObservable": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {"enum": ["asn","atm","e-mail","ipv4-addr","ipv4-net",
"ipv4-net-mask","ipv6-addr","ipv6-net","ipv6-net-mask",
"mac","site-uri","domain-name","domain-to-ipv4",
"domain-to-ipv6","domain-to-ipv4-timestamp",
"domain-to-ipv6-timestamp","ipv4-port","ipv6-port",
"windows-reg-key","file-hash","email-x-mailer",
"email-subject","http-user-agent","http-request-url",
"mutex","file-path","user-name","ext-value"]},
"ext-type": {"type": "string"},
"BulkObservableFormat":{
"$ref": "#/definitions/BulkObservableFormat"},
"BulkObservableList": {"type": "string"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["BulkObservableList"],
"additionalProperties": false},
"BulkObservableFormat": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"Hash": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Hash"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["Hash"]},
{"required": ["AdditionalData"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IndicatorExpression": {
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"type": "object",
"properties": {
"operator": {"enum": ["not","and","or","xor"],"default": "and"},
"ext-operator": {"type": "string"},
"IndicatorExpression": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorExpression"},
"minItems": 1},
"Observable": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Observable"},
"minItems": 1},
"uid-ref": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"minItems": 1},
"IndicatorReference": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/IndicatorReference"},
"minItems": 1},
"Confidence": {"$ref":"#/definitions/Confidence"},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false},
"IndicatorReference": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"uid-ref": {"$ref":"#/definitions/IDREFType"},
"euid-ref": {"type": "string"},
"version": {"type": "string"}},
"oneOf": [
{"required": ["uid-ref"]},
{"required": ["euid-ref"]}
],
"additionalProperties": false},
"AttackPhase": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"AttackPhaseID": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"type": "string"},
"minItems": 1},
"URL": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/URLtype"},
"minItems": 1},
"Description": {
"type": "array",
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"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/MLStringType"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": [],
"additionalProperties": false}},
"title": "IODEF-Document",
"description": "JSON schema for IODEF-Document class",
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"version": {"type": "string"},
"lang": {"$ref": "#/definitions/lang"},
"format-id": {"type": "string"},
"private-enum-name": {"type": "string"},
"private-enum-id": {"type": "string"},
"Incident": {
"type": "array",
"items": {"$ref": "#/definitions/Incident"},
"minItems": 1},
"AdditionalData": {"$ref":"#/definitions/ExtensionTypeList"}},
"required": ["version","Incident"],
"additionalProperties": false}
Figure 11: JSON schema
Authors' Addresses
Takeshi Takahashi
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795
Japan
Phone: +81 42 327 5862
Email: takeshi_takahashi@nict.go.jp
Roman Danyliw
CERT, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University
4500 Fifth Avenue
Pittsburgh, PA
USA
Email: rdd@cert.org
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Mio Suzuki
National Institute of Information and Communications Technology
4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi
Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795
Japan
Email: mio@nict.go.jp
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