Network Working Group A. Lior
Internet-Draft Bridgewater Systems
Intended status: Standards Track K. Chowdhury
Expires: May 7, 2009 Starent Networks
H. Tschofenig
Nokia Siemens Networks
November 3, 2008
RADIUS Mobile IPv6 Support
draft-ietf-mip6-radius-06.txt
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Abstract
This document defines new attributes to facilitate Mobile IPv6
operations using RADIUS infrastructure. The operations include
bootstrapping of information required by the Mobile Node and the
interface between the Network Access Server, Home Agent and the
RADIUS server used to assist MIP6 operations.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Solution Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1. RADIUS Transaction in Integrated Scenario . . . . . . . . 7
3.2. RADIUS Transactions in Split Scenario . . . . . . . . . . 8
4. Use of existing RADIUS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1. User-Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.2. Service-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3. NAS-Port-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4. Calling-Station-Id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.5. Use of MS-MPPE-Recv-Key and MS-MPPE-Send-Key . . . . . . . 11
4.6. Session-Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.7. Message Authenticator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. RADIUS attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.1. MIP6-Feature-Vector Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5.2. MIP6-HA Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3. MIP6-HA-FQDN Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.4. MIP6-HL-Prefix Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
5.5. MIP6-HOA Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.6. MIP6-DNS-MO Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
5.7. MIP6-Careof-Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.8. MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.9. MIP6-Authenticator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.10. MIP6-MAC-Mobility-Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.11. MIP6-Timestamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.12. MIP6-MN-HA-SPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.13. MIP6-Algorithm-Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.14. MIP6-Replay-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.15. MIP6-Nonce . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.16. MIP6-Auth-Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Message Flows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.1. Use of RADIUS in Integrated Scenario (MSA=ASA) . . . . . . 28
6.1.1. HA allocation in the MSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6.1.2. HA allocation in the ASP (visited network) . . . . . . 30
6.2. Use of RADIUS In Split Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.2.1. Split using IKEv2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
6.2.2. Split and Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol . . . . 33
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7. Goals for the HA-AAA Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.1. General Goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.2. Service Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.3. Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.4. MN Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.5. Provisioning of Configuration Parameters . . . . . . . . . 37
8. Table of Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9. Diameter Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
10. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.1. Registration of new AVPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.2. New Registry: Mobility Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
11.3. Addition of existing values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
12. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 48
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1. Introduction
This document covers two aspects of MIP6 operations: bootstrapping of
information required by a Mobile IPv6 Mobile using the AAA
infrastructure and the interaction between the Network Access
Server(NAS), MIPv6 Home Agent (HA) and the Authentication
Authorization and Accounting (AAA) infrastructure.
Mobile IPv6 specification [14] requires a Mobile Node (MN) to perform
registration with an HA with information about its current point of
attachment (Care-of Address). The HA creates and maintains binding
between the MN's Home Address (HOA) and the MN's Care-of Address.
In order to register with a HA, the MN needs to know some information
such as, the Home Link prefix, the HA Address, the HOA, the Home Link
prefix Length and security related information in order to secure the
Binding Update.
The aforementioned set of information may be statically provisioned
in the MN. However, static provisioning of this information has its
drawbacks. It increases provisioning and network maintenance burden
for the operator. Moreover, static provisioning does not allow load
balancing, failover, opportunistic home link assignment etc. For
example, the user may be accessing the network from a location that
may be geographically far away from the preconfigured home link; the
administrative burden to configure the MN's with the respective
addresses is large and the ability to react on environmental changes
is minimal. In these situations static provisioning may not be
desirable.
Dynamic assignment of Mobile IPv6 home registration information is a
desirable feature for ease of deployment and network maintenance.
For this purpose, the RADIUS infrastructure, which is used for access
authentication, can be leveraged to assign some or all of the
necessary parameters. The RADIUS server in the Access Service
Provider (ASP) or in the Mobility Service Provider's (MSP) network
may return these parameters to the AAA client. The AAA client might
either be the NAS, in case of the integrated scenario, or the HA, in
case of the split scenario. The terms integrated and split are
described in the terminology section and are introduced in [15].
The second aspect of MIP6 and RADIUS interworking is the interaction
between the HA and the AAA using the RADIUS AAA protocols. From a
mobility service provider (MSP) perspective, it is important to
verify that the MN is authenticated and authorized to utilize Mobile
IPv6 service and that such services are accounted for. Thus, prior
to processing the Mobile IPv6 registrations, the HA, participates in
the authentication of the MN to verify the MN's identity. The HA
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also participates in the Mobile IPv6 authorization process involving
the RADIUS infrastructure. The HA, due to its role in traffic
forwarding, may also perform accounting for the Mobile IPv6 service
provided to the MN. This document specifies the interaction between
the NAS, HA and the RADIUS server and aligns with the work done in
with the Diameter specifications described in [16] and [17].
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2. Terminology
The keywords "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [1].
General mobility terminology can be found in [18]. The following
additional terms, as defined in [15], are used in this document:
Access Service Authorizer (ASA):
A network operator that authenticates a mobile node and
establishes the mobile node's authorization to receive Internet
service.
Access Service Provider (ASP):
A network operator that provides direct IP packet forwarding to
and from the end host.
Mobility Service Authorizer (MSA):
A service provider that authorizes Mobile IPv6 service.
Mobility Service Provider (MSP):
A service provider that provides Mobile IPv6 service. In order to
obtain such service, the MN must be authenticated and authorized
to obtain the Mobile IPv6 service.
Split Scenario:
A scenario where the mobility service and the network access
service are authorized by different entities.
Integrated Scenario:
A scenario where the mobility service and the network access
service are authorized by the same entity.
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3. Solution Overview
This document addresses the authentication, authorization and
accounting functionality required by MIPv6 bootstrapping and
Authentication as outlined in the MIPv6 bootstrapping problem
statement document (see [15]). As such, the AAA functionality for
the integrated and the split scenario needs to be defined. This
requires the ability to offer support for the HA to AAA server and
the network access server(NAS) to AAA server communication.
To highlight the main use cases, we briefly describe the integrated
and the split scenarios in Section 3.1 and Section 3.2, respectively.
3.1. RADIUS Transaction in Integrated Scenario
In the integrated scenario MIPv6 bootstrapping is provided as part of
the network access authentication procedure. Figure 1 shows the
participating entities.
+---------------------------+ +-----------------+
|Access Service Provider | |ASA/MSA/(/MSP) |
|(Mobility Service Provider)| | |
| | | +-------+ |
| +-------+ | | |Remote | |
| |Local | RADIUS | | |RADIUS | |
| |RADIUS |-------------------------|Server | |
| |Proxy | | | +-------+ |
| +-------+ | | ^ |
| ^ ^ | | |RADIUS |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | v |
| RADIUS| | | +-------+ |
| | | +-------+ | | |Local | |
| | | RADIUS |Home | | | |Home | |
| | +------->|Agent | | | |Agent | |
| | |in ASP | | | +-------+ |
| v +-------+ | +-----------------+
+-------+ IEEE | +-----------+ +-------+ |
|Mobile | 802.1X | |NAS / Relay| |DHCPv6 | |
|Node |----------+-|RADIUS |---|Server | |
| | PANA,... | |Client | | | |
+-------+ DHCP | +-----------+ +-------+ |
+---------------------------+
Figure 1: Mobile IPv6 Service Access in the Integrated Scenario
In the typical Mobile IPv6 access scenario as shown above, the MN
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attaches in the ASP's network. During this network attachment
procedure, the NAS/RADIUS client interacts with the MN. As shown in
Figure 1, the authentication and authorization happens via a RADIUS
infrastructure.
At the time of authorizing the user for IPv6 access, the RADIUS
server in the MSA detects that the user is authorized for Mobile IPv6
access. Based on the MSA's policy, the RADIUS server may allocate
several parameters to the MN for use during the subsequent Mobile
IPv6 protocol interaction with the HA.
Depending on the details of the solution, interaction with the DHCPv6
server may be required, as described in [2].
3.2. RADIUS Transactions in Split Scenario
In the split scenario, Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping is not performed as
part of the network access authentication procedure. Other RADIUS
transactions such as authentication and authorization, accounting and
parameter configuration for MIP6 service is provided by the HA to
RADIUS transactions.
The Mobile IPv6 RADIUS transaction are executed with the Mobility
Service Provider when desired by the MN. Two scenarios can be
considered:
1. The MSA and the MSP are the same entity.
2. The MSA and the MSP are different entities.
Since scenario (2) is the more generic scenario we show it in
Figure 2.
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+----------------------+
| |
|Mobility +-------+ |
|Service |Remote | |
|Authorizer |RADIUS | |
|(MSA) |Server | |
| +-------+ |
+---------------^------+
|
|RADIUS
|
|
+---------------------------------|------+
|Mobility Service Provider (MSP) v |
+-------+ | +-----------+ +-------+ |
|Mobile | MIPv6 / | |HA/ | RADIUS |Local | |
|Node |-------------|RADIUS |-------------- |RADIUS | |
| | IKEv2 | |Client | |Proxy | |
+-------+ | +-----------+ +-------+ |
+----------------------------------------+
Figure 2: Mobile IPv6 service access in the split scenario (MSA !=
MSP)
As shown in Figure 2 the interaction between the RADIUS client and
the RADIUS server is triggered by the protocol interaction between
the MN and the HA/RADIUS client using IKEv2 [19] or MIPv6
Authentication Protocol [3]. The important aspect is, however, that
for these two approaches, several different authentication and key
exchange solutions are available. To establish IPsec security
associations for the protection of Mobile IPv6 signaling messages,
IKEv2 is used [19]. IKEv2 supports EAP-based authentication,
certificates and pre-shared secrets. For protection of Mobile IPv6
signaling messages using the MIPv6 Authentication Protocol [3] a
mechanism has been designed that is very similar to the one used by
Mobile IPv4.
The ability to use different credentials has an impact on the
interaction between the HA (acting as a RADIUS client) and the RADIUS
Server. For that reason this document illustrates the usage of these
authentication mechanisms with different subsections for:
o IKEv2 usage with EAP
o MIPv6 Authentication Protocol using MN-AAA
Authentication schemes using IKEv2 with certificates and pre-shared
secrets; or MIPv6 Authentication Protocol using MN-HA only are not
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covered by this document.
For accounting of Mobile IPv6 services provided to the MN, this
specification uses the RADIUS based accounting defined in [4].
Additionally, the MN might instruct the RADIUS server (via the HA) to
perform a dynamic DNS update.
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4. Use of existing RADIUS Attributes
4.1. User-Name
If authentication via IKEv2 is used then the User-Name attribute
SHALL be set to the IDi payload received in the IKE_AUTH exchange.
In the case of the Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol the User-
Name(1) attribute is set to the value received in the MN-NAI mobility
option as defined in [20].
4.2. Service-Type
The HA uses Service-Type(6) to indicate whether the Access-Request
operation is for Authentication and Authorization or just
Authorization.
4.3. NAS-Port-Type
In order for the AAA to distinguish the source of the Access-Request
NAS-Port-Type(61) is used as follows:
When the Access-Request originates from an MIP6 HA, NAS-Port-Type
MUST be included and its value set to HA6(IANA-TBD1).
4.4. Calling-Station-Id
In the split-scenario, the HA SHOULD use the Calling-Station-Id(31)
to send the MN's COA to the AAA. If used, the string value of the
Calling-Station-Id(31) should be set to the 128-bit MN IPv6 COA.
4.5. Use of MS-MPPE-Recv-Key and MS-MPPE-Send-Key
To transport the MSK from the RADIUS to the HA, RADIUS SHALL utilize
the MS-MPPE-Recv-Key and the MS-MPPE-Send-Key as defined in [5]. The
first up to 32 octets of the MSK is stored into the MS-MPPE-Recv-Key,
and the next up to 32 octets are stored into the MS-MPPE-Send-Key.
The encryption of these attributes is described in [5].
4.6. Session-Timeout
The use of Session-Timeout attribute during bootstrapping operations
is covered by various RFC's.
The use of Session-Timeout attribute during the EAP exchanges between
the HA and the RADIUS server are as per [6].
In the case of the RADIUS server sending Session-Timeout to the HA in
the Access-Accept packet, the HA SHALL use this time as the MIP
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Registration Lifetime.
4.7. Message Authenticator
The use of Message Authenticator is mandated during EAP AAA
procedures by [6]. In the case of the HA sending an Access-Request
where EAP is not used, then the HA MUST also include the Message
Authenticator attribute in the Access-Request packet.
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5. RADIUS attributes
This section defines format and syntax for the attribute that carries
the Mobile IPv6 parameters that are described in the previous
section.
The attributes MAY be present in Access-Request, Access-Accept, and
Accounting-Request packets.
5.1. MIP6-Feature-Vector Attribute
Exactly one of this attribute MUST be sent by the NAS or HA in an
Access-Request packet to inidcate support for MIP6. For example, a
NAS uses this attribute to indicate whether it can provide a local
home agent.
Exactly one of this attribute MUST be sent by the RADIUS server in an
Access-Accept packet to indicate support for MIP6 and to select
features advetized by the NAS or the HA. For example, if the NAS
indicated support for local home agent assignment, the RADIUS server
authorizes the NAS to support local home agent assignment by echoing
the setting the same flag in the Access-Accept packet.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | MIP6 Features Vectors |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MIP6 Features Vectors cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MIP6 Features Vectors cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
MIP6-FV-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
= 10 octets
Feature Flags:
This field is of type String. Supporting the following values:
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MIP6_INTEGRATED (0x0000000000000001)
When this flag is set by the NAS then it means that the
Mobile IPv6 integrated scenario bootstrapping functionality
is supported by the NAS. When this flag is set by the
RADIUS server then the Mobile IPv6 integrated scenario
bootstrapping is supported by the RADIUS server.
LOCAL_HOME_AGENT_ASSIGNMENT (0x0000000000000002)
When this flag is set by the NAS then a local home agent can
be assigned to the MN. When this flag is set by the
Diameter server then the assignment of location HAs is
authorized by the Diameter server.
RO_SUPPORTED (0x0000000800000000)
Route optimization is supported. When the Home Agent sets
this bit, it indicates support for the route optimization.
If this bit is unset in the returned Mobility-Capability
AVP, the HAAA does not authorize route optimization for the
MN.
In a case the Home Agent or the HAAA cannot authorize the
use of route optimization then the Home Agent will send a
Binding Acknowledgement with a Status Code set to
ACCEPTED_BUT_NO_ROUTE_OPTIMIZATION (status code TBD). This
Status Code indicates that the binding registration
succeeded but the Home Agent will fail all possible
subsequent route optimization attempts because of
subscription or operator policy.
5.2. MIP6-HA Attribute
In the case of bootstrapping, the RADIUS server may decide to assign
a HA to the MN that is in close proximity to the point of attachment
(e.g., as determined by the NAS-ID). There may be other reasons for
dynamically assigning HAs to the MN, for example to share the traffic
load. The attribute also contains the prefix length so that the MN
can easily infer the Home Link prefix from the HA address.
In the case of bootstrapping, one or more of this attribute MAY be
sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server in an Access-Request packet as a
proposal by the NAS to allocate a local HA to the MN.
In the case of bootstrapping, one or more of this attribute MAY be
sent by the RADIUS server to the NAS in an Access-Accept packet. The
attribute carries the HA address that may be assigned to the MN.
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[EDITOR: WHAT IS THIS ABOUT?] This attribute MAY be MIP6-DNS-MO
Attribute sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server in an Access-Request
packet as a hint to suggest a dynamic HA that may be assigned to the
MN. The RADIUS server MAY use this value or may ignore this
suggestion.
If available at the NAS, at least MIP6-HA attribute and/or MIP6-HA-
FQDN SHOULD appear in accounting packets to indicate the identity of
the serving HA for this session.
In the case of split, the MIP6-HA attribute contains the IPv6 address
of the Home Agent as received in the BU message. One and only one of
this attribute SHALL be sent by the HA to the RADIUS server.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved | Prefix-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv6 address of assigned HA cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
MIP6-HA-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
= 28 octets
Reserved:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
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Prefix-Length:
This field indicates the prefix length of the Home Link.
IPv6 address of assigned HA:
128-bit IPv6 address of the assigned HA.
5.3. MIP6-HA-FQDN Attribute
In the case of bootstrapping, one or more instance of this attribute
MAY be sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server in an Access-Request
packet as a hint to suggest a dynamic HA that may be assigned to the
MN. The RADIUS server MAY use this value or may ignore this
suggestion.
In the case of bootstrapping, one or more of this attribute is sent
by the RADIUS server to the NAS in an Access-Accept packet. The
attribute carries the FQDN of the assigned HA. The mobile node can
perform DNS query with the FQDN to derive the HA address.
If available at the NAS, at least MIP6-HA-FQDN attribute and/or
MIP6-HA SHOULD appear in accounting packets to indicate the identity
of the serving HA for this session.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | FQDN of the assigned HA .....
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-HA-FQDN-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
Variable length.
FQDN of the assigned HA:
The data field MUST contain a FQDN as described in [21].
5.4. MIP6-HL-Prefix Attribute
In the case of bootstrapping, this attribute MAY be sent by the NAS
to the RADIUS server in an Access-Request packet along with the
MIP6-HA and/or MIP6-HA-FQDN attribute as a hint to suggest a Home
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Link prefix that may be assigned to the MN. The RADIUS server MUST
use this value if it accepts the NAS's HA suggestion.
In the case of bootstrapping, this attribute is sent by the RADIUS
server to the NAS in an Access-Accept packet and carries the assigned
Home Link prefix that is in close proximity to the point of
attachment (NAS-ID). The MN can perform [14] specific procedures to
discover other information for Mobile IPv6 registration.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved | Prefix-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| |
| Home Link Prefix |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-HL-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
>= 4 octets + the minimum length of a prefix.
Reserved:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
Prefix-Length:
This field indicates the prefix length of the Home Link.
Home Link Prefix:
Home Link prefix (upper order bits) of the assigned Home Link
where the MN should send binding update.
5.5. MIP6-HOA Attribute
In the bootstrapping case, this attribute is sent by the RADIUS
server to the NAS in an Access-Accept packet. The attribute carries
the assigned Home IPv6 Address for the MN. This allows the network
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operator to support mobile devices that are not configured with
static addresses. The attribute also contains the prefix length so
that the MN can easily infer the Home Link prefix from the HA
address.
This attribute MAY be sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server in an
Access-Request packet along with the MIP6-HA and/or MIP6-HA-FQDN
attribute as a hint to suggest a Home Address that may be assigned to
the MN. The RADIUS server MUST use this value if it accepts the
NAS's HA suggestion.
In the case of split, in Access-Request packet, the MIP6-HOA contains
the IPv6 Home Address assigned by the HA to the MN. If the MIP6-HOA
AVP contains unspecified IPv6 address (0::0), then the Home Agent
expects the RADIUS server to assign the Home Address in a subsequent
Access-Accept packet. In case the RADIUS server assigns only a Home
Network Prefix to the Mobile Node the lower 64 bits of the MIP-
Mobile-Node-Address AVP provided address MUST be set to zero.
If available at the NAS, this attribute SHOULD appear in the
accounting packets so that the IPv6 addressed used for this session
is known in the accounting stream.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved | Prefix-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| |
| Assigned IPv6 HOA |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-HOA-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
= 20 octets.
Reserved:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
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Prefix-Length:
This field indicates the prefix length of the Home Link.
Assigned IPv6 HOA:
IPv6 HOA that is assigned to the MN.
5.6. MIP6-DNS-MO Attribute
In the case of bootstrapping, the MIP6-DNS-MO attribute is included
by the NAS in an Access-Request packet and MUST set its value to the
MN's FQDN to indicate to the RADIUS server to perform a dynamic DNS
update. Upon receiving this attribute, the RADIUS server SHALL
perform a dynamic update of the DNS and MUST inlcude the MIP6-DNS-MO
attribute in the Access-Accept indicating the result of the dynmaic
DNS update.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved-1 | Status |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|R| Reserved-2 | FQDN ...
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
DNS-UPDATE-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
Variable length.
Reserved-1:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
Status:
This 8 bit unsigned integer field indicates the result of the
dynamic DNS update procedure as defined in [7]. This field
MUST be set to 0 and ignored by the RADIUS server when the
MIP6-DNS-MO is sent from the RADIUS client to the RADIUS
server. When the MIP6-DNS-MO is provided in the response,
values of the Status field less than 128 indicate that the
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dynamic DNS update was performed successfully by the RADIUS
server. Values greater than or equal to 128 indicate that the
dynamic DNS update was not successfully completed. The
following values for the Status field are currently defined:
0 DNS update performed
128 Reason unspecified
129 Administratively prohibited
130 DNS Update Failed
R flag:
If this bit for the R flag is set then the RADIUS client
requests the RADIUS server to remove the DNS entry identified
by the FQDN included in this attribute. If not set, the RADIUS
client is requesting the RADIUS server to create or update a
DNS entry with the FQDN specified in this attribute and the
Home Address carried in another attribute specified in this
document.
Reserved-2:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
FQDN of the MN:
In an Access-Request packet the data field MUST contain a FQDN.
In an Access-Accept packet the data field MAY contain an FQDN.
FQDN is described in [21].
5.7. MIP6-Careof-Address
In the case of split, this attribute is sent from the HA to the
RADIUS Server and contains the IPv6 addresss of the Care-of Address
of the MN extracted from the BU message.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved | Prefix-Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| |
| Assigned IPv6 COA |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-CAREOF-ADDRESS-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
= 20 octets.
Reserved:
Reserved for future use. The bits MUST be set to zero by the
sender, and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
Prefix-Length:
This field indicates the prefix length of the COA Link.
Assigned IPv6 COA:
IPv6 COA that is assigned to the MN.
5.8. MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI
In the case of split, this attribute MUST be present in an Access-
Request sent from the HA to the RADIUS Server when using MIPv6
Authentication Protocol. The MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI attribute contains a
SPI code extracted from the Mobility Message Authentication Option
included in the received BU message.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | SPI |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SPI cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
6 octets
Integer representing a Security Parameter Index.
5.9. MIP6-Authenticator
In the case of split, this attribute is sent from the HA to the
RADIUS server and contains the Authenticator data from the BU
message. The HA extract the data form the MN-AAA Mobility Message
Authentication Option if included in the received BU message.
Upon receiving this attribute from the HA, the RADIUS server computes
its own version of the Authenticator Data from the received MIP6-MAC-
Mobility-Data (see below) and compares it to the value received in
the MIP6-Authenticator from the HA. If the values match then the
Mobile Node is authenticated.
In the case of split, this attribute MUST be present in an Access-
Request sent from the HA to the RADIUS Server when using MIPv6
Authentication Protocol.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Authenticator Data |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Authenticator Data cont ....
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-AUTHENTICATOR-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
Variable length
String. An OctetString representing authenticator data.
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5.10. MIP6-MAC-Mobility-Data
In the case of split, the MIP6-MAC-Mobility-Data attribute is sent
from the HA to the RADIUS Server. The attribute contains the
calculated MAC_Mobility_Data as defined in [3].
This attribute MUST be present in an Access-Request sent from the HA
to the RADIUS Server when using MIPv6 Authentication Protocol.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | MAC Mobility Data |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MAC Mobility Data cont ....
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-MAC-MOBILITY-DATA-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
Variable length
String. An OctetString representing authenticator data.
5.11. MIP6-Timestamp
The MIP6-Timestamp contains the timestamp value from the Mobility
message replay protection option, defined in [3]. The Home Agent
extracts this value from the received BU message, if available.
The support for replay protection is an optional feature in [3].
When the RADIUS server checks the timestamp provided by the MN via
the HA and recognizes a clock-drift (outside a locally defined replay
protection window) then it MUST initiate the re-synchronization
procedure by returning an Access-Accept packet with Result-Code set
to MIP6-TIMESTAMP-MISMATCH and attaches the MIP6-Timestamp including
it's current time back to the HA.
In the case of split, this attribute is sent from the HA to the
RADIUS server when performing MIP6 Authentication protocol. The
attribute MUST appear in the Access-Request if the attribute is
present in the Mobility message replay protection. Otherwise the
attribute MUST NOT appear in the Access-Request packet.
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[EDITOR'S NOTE] there is an issue here. In the diameter protocol, if
there is a time mismatch we return a result code that states that
there was a time mismatch and we return this value. In RADIUS land
we return an Access-Reject but we cant really return any other
attributes.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Timestamp |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Timestamp cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-TIMESTAMP-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
6 octets
Integer representing time since standard epoch of 1/1/1970 in
seconds.
5.12. MIP6-MN-HA-SPI
In the case of split, the MIP6-MN-HA-SPI available to be sent in an
Access-Accept packet from the RADIUS server to he HA. It is part of
a group of attributes used with the MIPv6 Authentication Protocol and
contains the Security Parameter Index used to reference the MN-HA
mobility security association.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | SPI |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| SPI cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-MN-HA-SPI-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
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Length:
6 octets
Integer representing a Security Parameter Index.
5.13. MIP6-Algorithm-Type
In the case of split, the MIP6-Algorithm-Type is available to be sent
in an Access-Accept packet from the RADIUS server to the HA. It is
part of a group of attributes used with the MIPv6 Authentication
protocol and contains the algorithm type.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | enumeration |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| enumeration cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-ALGORITHM-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
6 octets
Integer representing an enumeration as supported by [22]:
2: HMAC-SHA-1 [8]
5.14. MIP6-Replay-Mode
In the case of split, the MIP6-Replay-Mode is available to be sent in
an Access-Accept packet from the RADIUS server to the HA. It is part
of a group of attribute used with the MIPv6 Authentication protocol
and contains the replay mode as defined in RFC4004 to be used by the
HA.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | enumeration |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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| enumeration cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-REPLAY-MODE-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
6 octets
Integer representing an enumeration as supported by [22]:
1: None.
2: Timestamps.
3: Nonces.
5.15. MIP6-Nonce
In the case of split, the MIP6-Nonce is available to be sent in an
Access-Accept packet from the RADIUS Server to the HA. It is part of
a group of attributes used with the MIPv6 Authentication protocol and
contains the nonce to send to the MN.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | nonce |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| ....
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-NONCE-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
Variable length
String. A binary string representing a nonce.
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5.16. MIP6-Auth-Mode
The MIP6-Auth-Mode is of type enumerated and sent by the HA to the
RADIUS server to indicate which procedural variant and credential to
use when Authentication Protocol for MIP6 [3] is being used to
authenticate the Binding Update. This specification defines only one
value.
If the RADIUS server does not support the Mobile IPv6 Authentication
Protocol mode proposed by the HA, then the RADIUS server MUST fail
the authentication/authorization by sending an Access-Reject packet
to the HA.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | MIP6 Auth Mode |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| MIP6 Auth Mode cont. |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type:
ASSIGNED-MIP6-AUTH-MODE-TYPE to be defined by IANA.
Length:
6 octets
Integer value representing the following values:
1: MIP6_AUTH_MN_AAA
All other values reserved.
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6. Message Flows
6.1. Use of RADIUS in Integrated Scenario (MSA=ASA)
This section is based on [2] and uses the RADIUS attributes that are
defined in this document.
6.1.1. HA allocation in the MSP
RADIUS is used to authenticate the MN, to authorize it for mobility
service and to send information about the assigned HA to the NAS.
|
--------------ASP------>|<--ASA+MSA--
|
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | |RADIUS| | | | |
| | |Client| | | | |
| MN | |NAS/ | | DHCP | |Home |
| | |DHCP | | Server| |RADIUS |
| | |Relay | | | |Server |
+----+ +------+ +-------+ +-------+
| | | |
| 1 | 1 | |
|<------------->|----------------------->|
| | | |
| | 2 | |
| |<-----------------------|
| | | |
| 3 | | |
|-------------->| | |
| | | |
| | 4 | |
| |------------>| |
| | | |
| | 5 | |
| |<------------| |
| | | |
| 6 | | |
|<--------------| | |
| | | |
Figure 3: HA allocation in the MSP
In step (1), the MN executes the network access authentication
procedure (e.g., IEEE 802.11i/802.1x, PANA) with the NAS. The NAS
acts as an authenticator in "pass-through" mode, i.e., the endpoint
of the authentication dialogue is the MN's home RADIUS server. This
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is the typical scenario in case the messages involved in the
authentication protocol are transported in EAP.
As per [6], the NAS encapsulates/de-capsulates EAP packets into/from
RADIUS packets until an Access-Response (either an Access-Accept or
an Access/Reject packet is received by the NAS). This concludes the
network access authentication phase.
If the NAS has the ability to support MIP6 Bootstrapping it includes
the MIP6-Feature-Vector in the first Access-Request message and
indicates whether it supports MIP6 bootstrapping and/or local home
agent assignment by setting the appropriate flags therein.
If the NAS indicates support for local home agent assignment, then it
may also include the MIP6-HA attribute(s) and/or MIP6-HA-FQDN
attribute(s) as a proposal to the RADIUS server to indicate that the
HA is to be assigned in the ASP.
In step (2), the RADIUS server sends an Access-Accept packet with the
MIP6-Feature-Vector with the Local Home Agent Assignment flag set or
cleared. If the flag is cleared then the RADIUS server needs to
provide one or more Home Agent(s) to be assigned to the MN. If the
flag is set, then it indicates to the NAS that it can assign HA to
the MN; the RADIUS server may also include one or more HA addresses
thus indicating that the NAS can either allocate a local HA or one
specified by the RADIUS server.
In step (3) the MN performs home information discovery procedures as
specified in [DHCPv6 for Home Info Discovery in MIPv6][hiopt]. The
MN sends a DHCPv6 Information-request message including the Home
Network Information option according to the stateless DHCPv6
procedures [23] and [24]. The MN MUST also include the Option code
for the Home Network Information option in the Option Request option
in the request. The id-type of the Home Network Identifier Option is
set to 1 indicating that the MN is requesting to discover the home
network information that pertains to the given realm, i.e., the
user's home domain (identified by the NAI of the MN). The
OPTION_CLIENTID is set by the MN to identify itself to the DHCP
server.
In step (4) the DHCP relay agent forwards this request to the DHCP
server. The OPTION_MIP6-RELAY-Option is included in this forwarded
message. This option carries the RADIUS MIP6-HA attribute received
in the Access-Accept packet.
In step (5), the DHCP server identifies the client (by DUID) and
finds out that it requests HA information in the MSP (by the Home
Network Identifier Option = 1). The DHCP server extracts the HA
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address from OPTION_MIP6-RELAY-Option and places it into Home Network
Information Option in the Reply message.
In step (6), the Relay Agent forwards the Reply Message to the MN.
On reception of this message, the HA address or the FQDN of the HA is
available at the MN.
6.1.2. HA allocation in the ASP (visited network)
This scenario is similar to the one described in Section 7.1.1. The
difference is in step (4), where the type-id field in the Home
Network Identifier Option is set to zero, indicating that a HA is
requested in the ASP instead of in the MSP. Thus, the information
received by the home RADIUS server, via the DHCP relay, in the
OPTION_MIP6-RELAY-Option (Information Request) is ignored. The DHCP
server allocates a HA from its list of possible HAs and returns it in
the Reply message (Home Network Information Option).
6.2. Use of RADIUS In Split Scenario
In this section we present the call flows used in the Split scenario.
In the Split scenario the MN can be authenticated and authorized for
Mobile IPv6 by using IKEv2 or the Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol
[3]. The authentication and or authorization takes place between the
HA and the RADIUS server.
6.2.1. Split using IKEv2
This section describes IKEv2 based authentication and authorization
for the SPLIT scenario using IKEv2 and EAP. Use of IKEv2 with
certificates or preshared keys is not in scope for this document.
The use of IKEv2 with EAP between the MN and the HA allows the AAA to
authenticate the MN. When EAP is used with IKEv2, the RADIUS EAP
procedures, as defined in [6], are used. EAP methods that do not
establish a shared key SHOULD NOT be used, as they are subject to a
number of man-in-the-middle attacks as stated in Section 2.16 and
Section 5 of RFC 4306 [25]. Attributes specific to Mobile IPv6
bootstrapping are added to the AAA packets.
Figure 4 shows the message flow involved during the authentication
phase when EAP is used.
----------------------------ASP--------->|<-----MSA/MSP
+----+ IKEv2 +----+ RADIUS (EAP) +--------------------+
| MN |<----------->| HA |<-------------------->| Home RADIUS Server |
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+----+ +----+ +--------------------+
Mobile Home RADIUS
Node Agent Server
| | |
| HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni (1) | |
|-------------------------------->| |
| | |
| HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr, [CERTREQ](2)| |
|<--------------------------------| |
| | |
| HDR, SK{IDi,[CERTREQ,] [IDr,] | |
| [CP(CFG_REQUEST),] | |
| SAi2, TSi, TSr} (3) | |
|-------------------------------->| Access-Request |
| | (EAP-Response) (4) |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
| | Access-Challenge |
| | (EAP-Request) (5) |
| HDR, SK{IDr, [CERT,] AUTH, EAP} |<--------------------------|
|<------------------------------- | |
| | |
| HDR, SK{EAP} | |
|-------------------------------->|Access-Request(EAP-Res.) |
| |-------------------------->|
| | |
| |Access-Challenge(EAP-Req.) |
| HDR, SK{EAP-Request} |<--------------------------|
|<--------------------------------| |
| | |
| HDR, SK{EAP-Response} | |
|-------------------------------->|Access-Request (EAP-Res.) |
| |-------------------------->|
| ... | ... |
| | |
| |Access-Accept(EAP-Success) |
| (6)|<--------------------------|
| HDR, SK{EAP-Success} | |
|<--------------------------------| |
| | |
| HDR, SK{AUTH} | |
|-------------------------------->| |
| | |
| HDR, SK{AUTH, [CP(CFG_REPLY,] | |
| SAr2, TSi, TSr} | |
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|<--------------------------------| |
| | |
Figure 4: Split Scenario Exchange Using IKEv2 and EAP
Before this scenario started the MN has to know the IP address of the
HA to use. The MN may be configured with the HA-IP address or the
FQDN of the HA to use or with a mobility service name. In the case
where the MN is configured with the domain name of the HA or a
mobility service name, it uses DNS to resolve the IP address of the
HA to use. Alternatively, MN could have received the information by
performing a DHCP request as per [26]
The MN and the HA start the interaction with an IKE_SA_INIT
exchange(1)(2). In this phase cryptographic algorithms are
negotiated, nonces and Diffie-Hellman parameters are exchanged.
Exchange (3) starts the IKE_AUTH phase. This second phase of IKEv2
authenticates the previous messages, exchanges identities and
certificates and establishes the first CHILD_SA. It is used to
mutually authenticate the MN (acting as an IKEv2 Initiator) and the
HA (acting as an IKEv2 Responder). The identity of the user/MN is
provided in the IDi field. The MN indicates its willingness to be
authenticated via EAP by omitting the AUTH field in message (3) (see
Section 2.16 of [25]).
As part of the authentication process, the MN MAY request a Home-
Address, a Home Prefix or suggests one, see [27], using a CFG_REQUEST
payload in the exchange(3).
The HA extracts the IDi field from exchange (3) and sends a RADIUS
Access-Request packet(4) towards the authenticating RADIUS server.
The User-Name(1) attribute is set to the value received in the IDi
field and the EAP-Payload attribute contains a EAP-Response/ Identity
with the identity extracted from the IDi field. The Access-Request
packet is integrity protected by the Message-Authenticator(89)
attribute.
This message is routed to the MN's home RADIUS server/EAP server.
The RADIUS server selects the EAP method and replies with the RADIUS
Access-Challenge packet(5). Depending on the type of EAP method
chosen, a number of Access-Request and Access-Challenge exchanges are
conducted to execute the EAP method between the MN and the RADIUS
server/EAP server.
At the end of the EAP authentication phase, the RADIUS server
indicates the result of the authentication by either sending an
Access-Accept packet(6) containing EAP-Success or an Access-Reject
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packet containing EAP-Reject. The last IKEv2 message sent by the HA
contains the Home Address or the Home Prefix. In the latter case, a
CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange is necessary to setup IPSec SAs for Mobile
IPv6 signaling.
In some deployment scenarios, the HA may also acts as a IKEv2
Responder for IPSec VPN access. A problem in this case is that the
IKEv2 responder may not know if IKEv2 is used for Mobile IPv6 service
or for IPSec VPN access service. A network operator needs to be
aware of this limitation. The MN may provide a hint of the intended
service, for example, by using different identities in the IKE_AUTH
message for the IPSec VPN service and Mobile IPv6 service. However,
the use of different identities during the IKEv2 negotiation is
deployment specific. Another possibility is to make the distinction
on the MN subscription basis. In this case the RADIUS server can
inform the HA during the IKEv2 negotiation whether the MN is
provisioned with an IPSec VPN access service or Mobile IPv6 service.
Eventually, when the HA receives a Binding Update (BU), the HA
authenticates and authorizes the MN. It is RECOMMENDED that the HA
sends a RADIUS accounting request message every time it receives a
BU. Alternatively, if the HA does not support RADIUS Accounting, it
SHOULD send a User-Session-Notification packet as defined in [9] to
inform the AAA server that the mobile ip session has termianted.
6.2.2. Split and Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol
Figure 5 shows the message sequence between the MN, the HA and the
RADIUS server during the registration when Mobile IPv6 Authentication
Protocol is used. A BU and a Binding Acknowledgement (BA) messages
are used in the binding registration process.
Mobile IPv6 Authentication Protocol as specfied in [3] allows the
initial BU to be protected using the MN-HA key or the MN-AAA key.
Support for the use of MN-HA key to protected the initial BU is not
in scope of this specification.
Receiving a BU at the HA initiates a MIP6-Request to be sent to the
RADIUS server. The RADIUS server in turn responds with an Access-
Accept or an Access-Reject. The HA may assign a Home Address to the
MN and provide it to the RADIUS server in the MIP6-HOA attribute.
According to [3] the MN uses the Mobile Node Identifier Option,
specifically the MN-NAI mobility option (as defined in [20]) to
identify itself. The HA MUST copy the MN-NAI mobility option value
to the User-Name(1) attribute in the Access-Request packet.
The procedure described in this specification for the Mobile IPv6
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Authentication Protocol is only needed for the initial BU received by
the HA. When the HA receives subsequent BUs, they are processed
locally in the HA using the MN-HA key received from the AAA upon
successful authentication and authorization. It is RECOMMENDED that
the HA sends an accounting request packet upon each new BU update
reauthentication.
Upon receiving a BU containing the MN-AAA Mobile Message
Authentication Option, the HA extracts the Mobility SPI from the
Mobility Message Authentication Option and sends it to the RADIUS
server in the MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI attribute. The HA also extract the
Authentication Data from the Message Authentication Option and
includes it in the Access-Request in the MIP6-Authenticator
attribute. The HA includes the MIP6-Auth-Mode attribute in the
Access-Request setting its value to MIP6_AUTH_MN_AAA indicating that
the MN-AAA key is used as the credential protecting the BU.
In the case of RADIUS based authentication, the Mobility SPI MUST be
set the well-know value HMAC-SHA1_SPI (see section 8 of [3]). In
this case the HA SHALL compute the MAC_Mobility Data as per [3] using
HMAC_SHA1 as the hash_fn() and include the result in the MIP6-MAC-
Mobility-Data attribute in the Access-Request.
The HA inlcudes the MIP6-Authenticator attribute set to the
authenticator data extracted from the MN-AAA Mobility Message
Authentication Option contained in the BU message.
The MIP6-Timestamp attribute is set to the value contained in the
mobility message prelay protection option defined in [3] if
available.
Upon receiving the Access-Request packet from the HA, the RADIUS
server MUST ensure that the MIP6-Auth-Mode attribute is present and
set to MIP6_AUTH_MN_AAA. If not, the RADIUS Server SHALL respond
with an Access-Reject packet which includes Error-Cause (101)
attribute with value set to "Invalid Attribute Value". Upon
receiving an Access-Reject with Error-Cause (101) attribute set to
"Invalid Attribute Value", the HA SHALL reject the BU.
The Access-Request packet MUST contain the MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI attribute
with a SPI set the well-know value HMAC-SHA1_SPI (see section 8 of
[3]). If not, the RADIUS server SHALL repond back to the HA with an
Access-Reject packet contain Error-Cause (101) attribute set to
"Missing Attribute".
The RADIUS server uses the data received in the MIP6-MAC-Mobility-
Data attribute to computes its own version of the Authenticator as
per [3]. The RADIUS server compares the value computed to the value
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received in the MIP6-Authenticator. If the values don't match the
RADIUS server SHALL respond back with an Access-Reject packet.
If the MN is authenticated and is authorized for MIP6 service, the
RADIUS server responds back with an Access-Accpet otherwise it
responds with an Access-Reject. In the case of Access-Accept and if
the MIP6-MN-HA-SPI value was inclued in the Access-Request packet,
the RADIUS server includes the MN-HA security association parameters
associated with the MN-HA SPI and the NAI received in the User-Name
attributes in the MS-MPPE-Recv-Key, MS-MPPE-Send-Key, MIP6-Algorithm-
Type, MIP6-Replay-Mode, MIP6-Nonce. The MS-MPPE-Recv-Key, MS-MPPE-
Send-Key must be encrypted using the procedures defined in section
3.3 of [10]. The RADIUS Access-Accept packet MUST be integrity
protected using Message-Authenticator(89) attribute.
If the RADIUS server detected a replay attack when checking the MIP6-
Timestamp received in the Access-Request fromt he HA. The RADIUS
server SHALL respond back with an Access-Reject.
Mobile Home Diameter
Node Agent Server
| | |
| | |
| Binding Update |RADIUS Access-Request|
|------------------------------------>|-------------------->|
| (Mobile Node Identifier Option, | |
| Mobility Message Replay Protection | |
| Option, Authentication Option) | |
| | |
| | |
| Binding Acknowledgement |RADIUS Access-Accept |
| |or Access-Reject |
|<------------------------------------|<--------------------|
| (Mobile Node Identifier Option | |
| Mobility Message Replay Protection | |
| Option, Authentication Option) | |
| | Acct-Request(start) |
| |-------------------->|
Figure 5: Mobile IPv6 Bootstrapping using the Mobile IPv6
Authentication Protocol
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7. Goals for the HA-AAA Interface
Here, we follow the classification and labels listed in the MIPv6-
AAA-Goals document [28].
7.1. General Goals
G1.1-G1.4 Security
These are standard requirements for a AAA protocol - mutual
authentication, integrity, replay protection, confidentiality. IPsec
can be used to achieve the goals. Goal G1.5 regarding inactive peer
detection needs further investigations since heartbeat messages do
not exist (like in the Diameter case, Watch-Dog-Request/Answer).
7.2. Service Authorization
G2.1. The AAA-HA interface should allow the use of Network Access
Identifier (NAI) to identify the MN. The User-Name attribute can be
used for the purpose to carry the NAI.
G2.2 The HA should be able to query the AAAH server to verify Mobile
IPv6 service authorization for the MN. Any node implementing RADIUS
functionality[11] can possibly initiate a request message. In
combination with the ability of the RADIUS protocol to carry EAP
messages [6] , our solution will enable an HA to query a RADIUS
server and verify MIPv6 authorization for the MN.
G2.3 The AAAH server should be able to enforce explicit operational
limitations and authorization restrictions on the HA (e.g., packet
filters, QoS parameters). Work in progress in the area, including
NAS-Filter-Rule, RADIUS quality of service support, prepaid
extensions etc. is performed. The relevant attributes may be reused
for providing required functionality over the AAAH-HA interface.
G2.4 - G2.6. Issues addressing the maintenance of a Mobile IPv6
session by the AAAH server, e.g., authorization lifetime, extension
of the authorization lifetime and explicit session termination by the
AAAH server side.
The attribute Session-Timeout may be sent in Access-Challenge or
Access-Accept packet by the RADIUS server, thus limiting the
authorization session duration. In order to reauthenticate/
reauthorize the user, the Termination-Action attribute can be
included, with value 1, meaning the NAS should send a new RADIUS-
Request packet. Additional AVPs for dealing with pre-paid sessions
(e.g,. volume, resource used--VolumeQuota AVP, ResourceQuota AVP) are
specified in RADIUS prepaid extension. Exchanging of application
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specific authorization request/answer messages provides extension of
the authorization session (e.g., Authorize Only Access-Request sent
by the HA (NAS) to the RADIUS server). Initiation of the re-
authorization by both sides could be supported. Both sides could
initiate session termination - the RADIUS server by sending
Disconnect message [29].
7.3. Accounting
G3.1 The AAA-HA interface must support the transfer of accounting
records needed for service control and charging. These include (but
may not be limited to): time of binding cache entry creation and
deletion, octets sent and received by the MN in bi-directional
tunneling, etc.
The requirements for accounting over the AAAH-HA interface does not
require enhancements to the existing accounting functionality.
7.4. MN Authentication
G4.1 The AAA-HA interface MUST support pass-through EAP
authentication with the HA working as EAP authenticator operating in
pass-through mode and the AAAH server working as back-end
authentication server.
These issues require the functionality of AAAH server working as a
back-end authentication server and HA working as NAS and EAP
authenticator in pass-through mode for providing a MN authentication.
This document suggests this mode of operation in the context of the
relevant scenarios.
7.5. Provisioning of Configuration Parameters
G5.1 The HA should be able to communicate to the AAAH server the HOA
allocated to the MN (e.g. for allowing the AAAH server to perform DNS
update on behalf of the MN).
This document describes needed AVPs for this purpose, see section
"DNS Update Mobility Option Attribute"
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8. Table of Attributes
The following tables provides a guide to which attributes may be
found in RADIUS packet and in what number.
The following defines the meaning of the notation used in the following
tables:
0 An instance of this attribute MUST NOT be present.
1 Exactly one instance of this attribute MUST be present
0-1 Zero or one instance of this attribute MAY be present.
0+ Zero or more instance of this attriubte MAY be present
The table below describes the RADIUS messages used for bootstrapping and are
exchanged between the NAS and the RADIUS Server.
Request Accept Reject Challenge Type Attribute
1 1 0 0 MIP6-FV-TYPE MIP6-Feature-Vector
0+[ac] 0+[a] 0 0 MIP6-HA-TYPE MIP6-HA
0+[ac] 0+[a] 0 0 MIP6-HA-FQDN-TYPE MIP6-HA-FQDN
0-1[b] 0-1 0 0 MIP6-HL-PREFIX-TYPE MIP6-HL-Prefix
0-1[b] 0-1 0 0 MIP6-HOA-TYPE MIP6-HOA
0-1 0-1 0 0 MIP6-DNS-MO-TYPE MIP6-DNS-MO
Notes:
[a] Either MIP6-HA or MIP6-HA-FQDN MAY appear in a RADIUS packet.
[b] If MIP6-HA or MIP6-HA-FQDN are present in the Access-Request
then these attributes MUST also be present in the Access-Request.
If the RADIUS server accepts the NAS suggestion for the HA, then
the RADIUS server MUST also include the values received for these
attributes in the Access-Accept.
[c] If these attributes are present in an Access-Request, then
LOCAL_HOME_AGENT_ASSIGNMENT flag of the MIP6-Feature-Vector MUST be set.
Otherwise these attributes are ignored.
The following tables lists the commands and attributes used in the interaction
between the HA and RADIUS server. Each table corresponds to the different
authentication modes supported. These attributes are in addition to the any
other attributes specified by an other specification (for example, RADIUS EAP)
Table of attributes for IKEv2 and EAP-based Authentication:
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Request Accept Reject Challenge Type Attribute
1 0 0 0 61 NAS-Port-Type
1 0 0 0 80 Message-Authenticator
0-1 0-1 0 0 MIP6-FV-TYPE MIP6-Feature-Vector
1 0-1 0 0 MIP6-HOA-TYPE MIP6-HOA
0 0 0 0 MIP6-CAREOF-ADDRESS-TYPE MIP6-Careof-Address
0 0 0 0 MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI-TYPE MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI
0-1 0 0 0 MIP6-HA-TYPE MIP6-HA
0-1 0 0 0 MIP6-AUTHENTICATOR-TYPE MIP6-Authenticator
0-1 0 0 0 MIP6-MAC-MOBILITY-DATA-TYPE MIP6-MAC-Mobility-Data
0 0 0 0 MIP6-TIMESTAMP-TYPE MIP6-Timestamp
0 0 0 0 MIP6-MN-HA-SPI-TYPE MIP6-MN-HA-SPI
0 0 0 0 MIP6-ALGORITH-TYPE MIP6-Algorithm-Type
0 0 0 0 MIP6-REPLY-MODE MIP6-Replay-Mode
0 0 0 0 MIP6-NONCE-TYPE MIP6-Nonce
Table of attribute for MIPv6 Authentication Protocol:
Request Accept Reject Challenge Type Attribute
1 0 0 0 61 NAS-Port-Type
0-1 0 0 0 80 Message-Authenticator
0-1 0-1 0 0 MIP6-FV-TYPE MIP6-Feature-Vector
1 0 0 0 MIP6-AUTH-MODE-TYPE MIP6-Auth-Mode
1 0-1 0 0 MIP6-HOA-TYPE MIP6-HOA
1 0 0 0 MIP6-CAREOF-ADDRESS-TYPE MIP6-Careof-Address
1 0 0 0 MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI-TYPE MIP6-MN-AAA-SPI
1 0 0 0 MIP6-HA-TYPE MIP6-HA
1 0 0 0 MIP6-AUTHENTICATOR-TYPE MIP6-Authenticator
1 0 0 0 MIP6-MAC-MOBILITY-DATA-TYPE MIP6-MAC-Mobility-Data
0-1 0 0 0 MIP6-TIMESTAMP-TYPE MIP6-Timestamp
0 1 0 0 MIP6-MN-HA-SPI-TYPE MIP6-MN-HA-SPI
0 1 0 0 MIP6-ALGORITH-TYPE MIP6-Algorithm-Type
0 1 0 0 MIP6-REPLY-MODE MIP6-Replay-Mode
0 1 0 0 MIP6-NONCE-TYPE MIP6-Nonce
As used in accounting packets:
Request Interim Stop Type Attribute
0-1 0-1 0-1 MIP6-HA-TYPE MIP6-HA Attribute
0-1 0-1 0-1 MIP6-HA-FQDN-TYPE MIP6-HA-FQDN Attribute
0 0 0 MIP6-HL-PREFIX-TYPE MIP6-HL-Prefix Attribute
0-1 0-1 0-1 MIP6-HOA-TYPE MIP6-HOA Attribute
0 0 0 MIP6-DNS-MO-TYPE MIP6-DNS-MO Attribute
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9. Diameter Considerations
When used in Diameter, the attributes defined in this specification
can be used as Diameter AVPs from the Code space 1-255 (RADIUS
attribute compatibility space). No additional Diameter Code values
are therefore allocated. The data types and flag rules for the
attributes are as follows:
+---------------------+
| AVP Flag rules |
|----+-----+----+-----|----+
| | |SHLD| MUST| |
Attribute Name Value Type |MUST| MAY | NOT| NOT|Encr|
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
MIP6-HA Address | M | P | | V | Y |
MIP6-HA-FQDN UTF8String | M | P | | V | Y |
MIP6-HL-Prefix OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
MIP6-HOA Address | M | P | | V | Y |
MIP6-DNS-MO OctetString| M | P | | V | Y |
-------------------------------|----+-----+----+-----|----|
Other than MIP6-HA and HOA-IPv6, the attributes in this specification
have no special translation requirements for Diameter to RADIUS or
RADIUS to Diameter gateways; they are copied as is, except for
changes relating to headers, alignment, and padding. See also [12]
Section 4.1 and [30] Section 9. MIP6-HA and HOA-IPv6 must be
translated between their RADIUS representation of String to a
Diameter Address format which requires that the AddressType field be
set to 2 for IP6 (IP version 6)
What this specification says about the applicability of the
attributes for RADIUS Access-Request packets applies in Diameter to
AA-Request [30] or Diameter-EAP-Request [31]. What is said about
Access-Challenge applies in Diameter to AA-Answer [30] or Diameter-
EAP-Answer [31] with Result-Code AVP set to
DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH.
What is said about Access-Accept applies in Diameter to AA-Answer or
Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate success. Similarly, what
is said about RADIUS Access-Reject packets applies in Diameter to AA-
Answer or Diameter-EAP-Answer messages that indicate failure.
What is said about Accounting-Request applies to Diameter Accounting-
Request [30] as well.
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10. Security Considerations
Assignment of these values to a user should be based on successful
authentication of the user at the NAS and/or at the HA. The RADIUS
server should only assign these values to a user who is authorized
for Mobile IPv6 service (this check could be performed with the
user's subscription profile in the Home Network).
The NAS and the HA to the RADIUS server transactions must be
adequately secured. Otherwise there is a possibility that the user
may receive fraudulent values from a rogue RADIUS server potentially
hijacking the user's Mobile IPv6 session.
These new attributes do not introduce additional security
considerations besides the ones identified in [11].
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11. IANA Considerations
11.1. Registration of new AVPs
This specification defines the following new RADIUS attributes:
MIP6-Feature-Vector is set to MIP6-FV-TYPE
MIP6-HA is set to MIP6-HA-TYPE
MIP6-HA-FQDN is set to MIP6-HA-FQDN-TYPE
MIP6-HL-Prefix is set to MIP6-HL-PREFIX-TYPE
MIP6-HOA is set to MIP6-HOsA-TYPE
MIP6-DNS-MO is set to MIP6-DNS-MO-TYPE
11.2. New Registry: Mobility Capability
For MIP6-FV-TYPE flag values must be generated:
Token | Value | Description
----------------------------------+----------------------+------------
MIP6_INTEGRATED | 0x0000000000000001 | [RFC TBD]
LOCAL_HOME_AGENT_ASSIGNMENT | 0x0000000000000002 | [RFC TBD]
Available for Assignment via IANA | 2^x |
Allocation rule: Only numeric values that are 2^x (power of two) are
allowed based on the allocation policy described below.
Following the policies outlined in [1] new values with a description
of their semantic for usage with the MIP6-Feature-Vector AVP together
with a Token will be assigned after Expert Review initiated by the
O&M Area Directors in consultation with the DIME working group chairs
or the working group chairs of a designated successor working group.
Updates can be provided based on expert approval only. A designated
expert will be appointed by the O&M Area Directors. No mechanism to
mark entries as "deprecated" is envisioned. Based on expert approval
it is possible to delete entries from the registry.
11.3. Addition of existing values
A new value HA6(IANA-TBD1) MUST be assigned to NAS-Port-Type(61)
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12. Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the following individuals for their review and
constructive comments during the development of this document:
Florian Kohlmayer, Mark Watson, Jayshree Bharatia, Dimiter Milushev,
Andreas Pashalidis, Rafa Marin Lopez and Pasi Eronen.
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13. References
13.1. Normative References
[1] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[2] Chowdhury, K. and A. Yegin, "MIP6-bootstrapping for the
Integrated Scenario",
draft-ietf-mip6-bootstrapping-integrated-dhc-06 (work in
progress), April 2008.
[3] Patel, A., "Authentication Protocol for Mobile IPv6",
draft-patel-mip6-rfc4285bis-00 (work in progress),
October 2006.
[4] Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.
[5] Zorn, G., "Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS Attributes",
RFC 2548, March 1999.
[6] Aboba, B. and P. Calhoun, "RADIUS (Remote Authentication Dial
In User Service) Support For Extensible Authentication Protocol
(EAP)", RFC 3579, September 2003.
[7] Giaretta, G., "Mobile IPv6 bootstrapping in split scenario",
draft-ietf-mip6-bootstrapping-split-07 (work in progress),
July 2007.
[8] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing
for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997.
[9] Zorn, G. and A. Lior, "User Session Tracking in RADIUS",
draft-zorn-radius-logoff-11 (work in progress), February 2008.
[10] Zorn, G., Leifer, D., Rubens, A., Shriver, J., Holdrege, M.,
and I. Goyret, "RADIUS Attributes for Tunnel Protocol Support",
RFC 2868, June 2000.
[11] Rigney, C., Willens, S., Rubens, A., and W. Simpson, "Remote
Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2865,
June 2000.
[12] Calhoun, P., Loughney, J., Guttman, E., Zorn, G., and J. Arkko,
"Diameter Base Protocol", RFC 3588, September 2003.
[13] Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson, J., and H.
Levkowetz, "Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)",
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RFC 3748, June 2004.
13.2. Informative References
[14] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support in
IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.
[15] Patel, A. and G. Giaretta, "Problem Statement for bootstrapping
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 4640, September 2006.
[16] Korhonen, J., Tschofenig, H., Bournelle, J., Giaretta, G., and
M. Nakhjiri, "Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for Home Agent to
Diameter Server Interaction", draft-ietf-dime-mip6-split-13
(work in progress), October 2008.
[17] Korhonen, J., Bournelle, J., Tschofenig, H., Perkins, C., and
K. Chowdhury, "Diameter Mobile IPv6: Support for Network Access
Server to Diameter Server Interaction",
draft-ietf-dime-mip6-integrated-10 (work in progress),
September 2008.
[18] Manner, J. and M. Kojo, "Mobility Related Terminology",
RFC 3753, June 2004.
[19] Dupont, F. and V. Devarapalli, "Mobile IPv6 Operation with
IKEv2 and the revised IPsec Architecture",
draft-ietf-mip6-ikev2-ipsec-08 (work in progress),
December 2006.
[20] Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K. Chowdhury,
"Mobile Node Identifier Option for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)",
RFC 4283, November 2005.
[21] Mockapetris, P., "Domain names - implementation and
specification", STD 13, RFC 1035, November 1987.
[22] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support for IPv4", RFC 3344,
August 2002.
[23] Droms, R., "Stateless Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) Service for IPv6", RFC 3736, April 2004.
[24] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C., and M.
Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
(DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[25] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol",
RFC 4306, December 2005.
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[26] Jang, H., Yegin, A., Chowdhury, K., and J. Choi, "DHCP Options
for Home Information Discovery in MIPv6",
draft-ietf-mip6-hiopt-17 (work in progress), May 2008.
[27] Devarapalli, V. and F. Dupont, "Mobile IPv6 Operation with
IKEv2 and the Revised IPsec Architecture", RFC 4877,
April 2007.
[28] Giaretta, G., "AAA Goals for Mobile IPv6",
draft-ietf-mip6-aaa-ha-goals-03 (work in progress),
September 2006.
[29] Chiba, M., Dommety, G., Eklund, M., Mitton, D., and B. Aboba,
"Dynamic Authorization Extensions to Remote Authentication Dial
In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 5176, January 2008.
[30] Calhoun, P., Zorn, G., Spence, D., and D. Mitton, "Diameter
Network Access Server Application", RFC 4005, August 2005.
[31] Eronen, P., Hiller, T., and G. Zorn, "Diameter Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application", RFC 4072,
August 2005.
[32] Vixie, P., Thomson, S., Rekhter, Y., and J. Bound, "Dynamic
Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC 2136,
April 1997.
[33] Arkko, J., Devarapalli, V., and F. Dupont, "Using IPsec to
Protect Mobile IPv6 Signaling Between Mobile Nodes and Home
Agents", RFC 3776, June 2004.
[34] Arends, R., Austein, R., Larson, M., Massey, D., and S. Rose,
"DNS Security Introduction and Requirements", RFC 4033,
March 2005.
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Authors' Addresses
Avi Lior
Bridgewater Systems
303 Terry Fox Drive, Suite 100
Ottawa, Ontario
Canada K2K 3J1
Phone: +1 613-591-6655
Email: avi@bridgewatersystems.com
Kuntal Chowdhury
Starent Networks
30 International Place
Tewksbury, MA 01876
US
Phone: +1 214-550-1416
Email: kchowdhury@starentnetworks.com
Hannes Tschofenig
Nokia Siemens Networks
Linnoitustie 6
Espoo 02600
Finland
Phone: +358 (50) 4871445
Email: Hannes.Tschofenig@gmx.net
URI: http://www.tschofenig.priv.at
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