INTERNET-DRAFT                                                  D. Yon
Document: draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-comedia-03.txt             Dialout.Net
Expires December 2002                                        June 2002



                Connection-Oriented Media Transport in SDP
                  <draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-comedia-03.txt>

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
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   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
   months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents
   at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at:
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   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at:
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   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002).  All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

   This document describes how to express media transport over
   connection-oriented protocols using the Session Description Protocol
   (SDP).  It defines two new protocol identifiers: TCP and TLS.  It
   also defines the syntax and semantics for an SDP "direction"
   attribute that describes the connection setup procedure.
















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1  Introduction

   The Session Description Protocol [SDP] provides a general-purpose
   format for describing multimedia sessions in announcements or
   invitations. SDP uses an entirely textual data format (the US-ASCII
   subset of [UTF-8]) to maximize portability among transports.  SDP
   does not define a protocol, but only the syntax to describe a
   multimedia session with sufficient information to discover and
   participate in that session.  Session descriptions may be sent using
   arbitrary existing application protocols for transport (e.g., SAP,
   SIP, RTSP, email, HTTP, etc.).

   [SDP] describes two protocol identifiers: RTP/AVP and UDP, both of
   which are unreliable, connectionless protocols, an appropriate
   choice for multimedia streams.  There are, however, applications for
   which the connection-oriented transports such as TCP are more
   appropriate, but [SDP] provides no way to describe a session that
   uses protocols other than RTP or UDP.

   Connection-oriented protocols introduce a new factor when describing
   a session: not only must it be possible to express that a protocol
   will be based on this protocol, but it must also describe the
   connection setup procedure.  This memo defines two new protocol
   identifiers, TCP and TLS, along with the syntax and semantics of the
   a=direction and a=reconnect attributes.

Terminology

   In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
   "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
   and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [7]
   and indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.

2  Protocol Identifiers

   The m= line in [SDP] is where an endpoint specifies the protocol
   used for the media in the session.  See the "Media Announcements"
   section of [SDP] for a discussion on protocol identifiers.

2.1 TCP

   The TCP protocol identifier is similar to the UDP protocol
   identifier in that it only describes the transport protocol without
   any connotation as to the upper-layer protocol.  An m= line that
   specifies "TCP" MUST further qualify the protocol using a fmt
   identifier (see [SDP] Appendix B).

2.2 TLS

   The TLS protocol identifier specifies that the session will use the
   Transport Layer Security protocol [TLS] with an implied transport
   protocol of TCP.  To describe a media session that uses TLS over
   TCP, the protocol identifier "TLS" must be specified in the m= line.

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   An m= line that specifies TLS MUST further qualify the protocol
   using a fmt identifier.


3  Direction Attribute

   An important attribute of connection-oriented protocols is the setup
   procedure.  One endpoint needs to initiate the connection and the
   other endpoint needs to accept the connection.  The direction
   attribute is used to describe these roles, and the syntax is as
   follows:

          a=direction:<role> [<source-address>]

   The <role> is one of the following:

   passive:    The endpoint will accept an incoming connection.

   active:     The endpoint will initiate an outgoing connection.

   both:       The endpoint will both accept an incoming connection
               and will initiate an outgoing connection.

   The <source-address> is a sequence of values that describe the
   address and port number from where the connection will originate,
   and consists of the following values:

          nettype addrtype unicast-address [port]

   The <source-address> is an optional value that SHOULD be specified
   with direction:active or direction:both, and MUST NOT be specified
   with direction:passive.  Within the <source-address>, the source
   port number is RECOMMENDED but may be omitted.

3.1 Semantics of direction:passive

   By specifying direction:passive, the endpoint indicates that the
   port number specified in the m= line is available to accept a
   connection from the other endpoint.  The endpoint MUST NOT specify a
   <source-address> after direction:passive.

3.2 Semantics of direction:active

   By specifying direction:active, the endpoint indicates that it will
   initiate a connection to the port number on the m= line of the other
   endpoint.  The port number on its own m= line is irrelevant, and the
   opposite endpoint MUST NOT attempt to initiate a connection to the
   port number specified there.  Nevertheless, since the m= line must
   contain a valid port number, the endpoint specifying
   direction:active SHOULD specify a port number of 9 (the discard
   port) on its m= line.  The endpoint MUST NOT specify a port number
   of zero, as that carries other semantics in [SDP].



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   The endpoint SHOULD specify the address and port number from which
   it will initiate the connection in the <source-address> position on
   the a=direction line.  The following SDP fragment shows an example
   of direction:active:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
        m=image 9 TCP t38
        a=direction:active IN IP4 10.1.1.1 1892


3.3 Semantics of direction:both

   By specifying direction:both, the endpoint indicates that it will
   both accept a TCP connection on the port number of its own m= line,
   and that it will also initiate a connection to the port number on
   the m= line of the other endpoint.

   As with direction:active, the endpoint SHOULD specify the address
   and port number from which it will initiate the connection in the
   <source-address> position on the a=direction line.

   Since this attribute describes behavior that is similar to
   connectionless media descriptions in [SDP], it is the default value
   for the direction attribute and is therefore optional.

   Endpoints may choose to specify direction:both for one or more of
   the following reasons:

      1) The endpoint has no preference as to whether it accepts or
         initiates the connection, and therefore is offering the remote
         endpoint a choice of connection setup procedures.

      2) The endpoints intend to use a single connection to transport
         the media, but it is not known whether firewall issues will
         prevent either endpoint from initiating or accepting the
         connection.  Therefore both endpoints will attempt to initiate
         a connection in hopes that at least one will succeed.

   If one endpoint specifies either direction:active or
   direction:passive and the other specifies direction:both, both
   endpoints MUST behave as if the latter had specified the inverse
   direction of the former.  For example, specifying direction:both
   when the other endpoint specifies direction:active SHALL cause both
   endpoints to behave as if the former had specified
   direction:passive.  Conversely, specifying direction:both when the
   other endpoint specifies direction:passive SHALL cause both
   endpoints to behave as if the former had specified direction:active.

   If both endpoints specify direction:both then each endpoint MUST
   initiate a connection to the port number specified on the m= line of
   the opposite endpoint.  There is one exception to this requirement:
   if an endpoint receives the incoming connection from the opposite
   endpoint prior to initiating its own outbound connection, then that


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   endpoint MAY use that connection rather than attempt to make an
   outbound connection to the opposite endpoint.

   If only one connection succeeds, then that connection will be used
   to carry the media.  Once it has transmitted data on this
   connection, the initiating endpoint MUST NOT perform another
   connection attempt to the accepting endpoint.  This allows the
   accepting endpoint to release or recycle the listening port for
   another session once it has received data from the initiating
   endpoint.

   If both connections succeed, the following rules SHALL apply:

   a) Each endpoint MUST accept data from either connection.

   b) Once an endpoint has transmitted data to one of the connections,
     it MUST use that connection exclusively for transmission.

   c) Once an endpoint has transmitted AND received data, if one of the
     connections is determined to be idle, the endpoint SHOULD close
     the idle connection.

3.4 Optimizing direction:both

   As discussed in the previous section, there is the possibility that
   two connections will be created when only one is needed.  While
   rules in the previous section accommodate the closing of an idle
   connection, they do not prevent a race condition where the endpoints
   simultaneously start sending data on opposite connections thereby
   causing two connections to be used where one would have sufficed.
   While it is not possible to entirely eliminate this race condition,
   it is in the endpoints' interest to minimize its occurrence.
   Therefore, when a session is negotiated through interactive exchange
   of SDP between endpoints (as in the case of SIP) AND the result of
   the negotiation is that each endpoint specifies direction:both, it
   is RECOMMENDED that the endpoints use the following guidelines:

   a) There comes a point during the exchange of SDP where one endpoint
     is prepared to send the final message that will complete the
     negotiation and allow the session to begin.  For the purposes of
     this discussion, the endpoint that will send this final message
     will be called the Initiator, and the endpoint that will receive
     this message will be called the Acceptor.

   b) The Initiator, upon receiving sufficient information to initiate a
     connection, MUST attempt to connect to the Acceptor as soon as
     possible.

   c) In order to lower the likelihood that the Acceptor will also
     attempt to initiate a connection, the Initiator SHOULD incorporate
     a short delay between initiating the connection and sending the
     final SDP to the Acceptor.



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   d) The delay time chosen by the Initiator MUST NOT introduce an
     unacceptable session setup delay should the connection to the
     Acceptor not succeed.


3.5 Bidirectional versus Unidirectional Media

   In traditional SDP transport types the flow is unidirectional.  If
   the intent is for media to flow in both directions, both endpoints
   must specify SDP that describes where to deliver the media and what
   media type(s) to use.  For example, if only Endpoint A presents SDP
   then media can only flow towards Endpoint A, as Endpoint B has not
   specified where and how to send media to it.

   Because most connection-oriented media is inherently bi-directional,
   endpoints may encounter a situation where only one side presented
   SDP yet there is now a network path that can carry media in either
   direction.  In keeping with traditional SDP semantics, an endpoint
   MUST NOT send data to the other endpoint unless it has specified SDP
   information describing the type of media it can accept.

   It is, however, perfectly acceptable for an endpoint to transmit
   data on the same connection it is using to receive data, so long as
   the other endpoint has advertised its willingness to accept data.
   Likewise, it is perfectly acceptable for an endpoint to receive data
   on the same connection it is using to transmit data to the
   corresponding remote endpoint.  In other words, for a bi-directional
   application-level session, a connection may be used to send data in
   both directions (contingent to rules outlined in Section 2.3) as
   long as one side of the connection is attached to either of the
   advertised SDP transport addresses.

3.6 Treating UDP and RTP/AVP like Connection Oriented Media

   Endpoints MAY specify a direction attribute for UDP or RTP/AVP
   media.  This indicates that the endpoint would like to treat this
   media as a type of connection-oriented media.  (The endpoint may do
   this to facilitate NAT traversal for example.)  Note that for
   backwards compatibility, an endpoint which can specify
   direction:active MUST include valid addresses and ports in the SDP
   as always.  If the peer's SDP does not include a direction
   attribute, it knows that the peer does not support connection-
   oriented media, and media exchange will proceed normally, as if
   connection-oriented media were not offered.

   Endpoints that specify direction:passive MUST NOT send any media,
   any packets whatsoever (including control packets such as RTCP),
   from their passive ports until they receive a packet on these ports
   and record the source address and port of the sender.  The passive
   endpoint then assumes that the first packet received corresponds to
   its active peer.  From this point onward, passive endpoints MUST
   send UDP or RTP media from the same port as the port indicated in
   the m= line.  Passive endpoints MUST send RTCP media (if any) from


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   the port on which they expect to receive it (typically the RTP port
   number plus 1).

   Endpoints that specify direction:active MUST be prepared to receive
   on the ports from which they send.  Once they learn the IP address
   and port of their peer from the peer's SDP, they SHOULD immediately
   send some kind of media (even if just comfort noise) to each of
   these ports.  This is so the peer can learn their IP address and
   port, in order to send media back without additional delay.
   Effectively, the exchange of the first media packet completes a bi-
   directional handshake between the active and passive peer.

4  Reconnect Attribute

   The preceding description of the a=direction attribute has been in
   the context of using SDP to initiate a session.  However, SDP may be
   exchanged between endpoints at various stages of a session to
   accomplish tasks such as terminating a session, redirecting media to
   a new endpoint, renegotiating the media parameters for a session,
   etc.  After the initial session has been established, it may be
   ambiguous as to whether subsequent SDP exchange represents a
   confirmation that the endpoint is to continue using the current
   media connection unchanged, or is a request to make a new media
   connection.  The reconnect attribute is used to disambiguate these
   two scenarios, and the syntax is as follows:

          a=reconnect

   SDP containing a=reconnect signals that the specified session does
   NOT refer to an existing connection between the two endpoints.  If
   the endpoints agree to continue the session, the endpoints MUST
   close the existing connection for the currently negotiated session,
   and MUST create a new connection according to the a=direction
   attribute in the SDP.  If an endpoint receives SDP that contains
   a=reconnect, the endpoint's response MUST also contain a=reconnect.
   Endpoints MUST NOT include a=reconnect in SDP that negotiates the
   start of a session.

   See section 6, "Connection and Listener Lifetime Considerations" for
   more information on scenarios that are relevant to the a=reconnect
   attribute.

5  Source-Address Considerations

   In the cases where the endpoint is initiating the connection, the
   endpoint SHOULD specify a source address on the a=direction line.
   In addition, the endpoint SHOULD include the source port in the
   source address.  In most environments, the source port number can be
   determined by binding the socket before initiating the connect, as
   shown in the sample C code below:

   {
    SOCKET s_id
    SOCKADDR_IN cli_sin;

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    int namelen;

       // Create the socket
       s_id = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);

       // Bind the socket to any IP address and port
       bzero((char *)&cli_sin,sizeof(cli_sin));
       cli_sin.sin_family      = AF_INET;
       cli_sin.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
       cli_sin.sin_port        = 0;
       bind(s_id,(SOCKADDR *)&cli_sin,sizeof(cli_sin));

       // Find the port number that was bound
       namelen = sizeof(cli_sin);
       getsockname(s_id,(SOCKADDR *)&cli_sin,&namelen);

       // Print the port number
       printf("Source Port = %d\n",ntohs(cli_sin.sin_port));
   }

   If the source address is omitted, the receiver of the SDP packet
   MUST NOT make any assumptions in regards to the address or port from
   where the connection will originate.  In particular, the receiver
   MUST NOT assume that the address information listed on the c= line
   has any implication as to where the media connection originates.

   NOTE:
          The motivation for specifying the source address is
          twofold.  First, it aids Application-Level Proxies
          (ALP) by explicitly announcing the source of the
          outbound connection.  This allows, for example, a
          dynamic firewall pinhole to be created that will allow
          the connection to pass.  Or as another example, an ALP
          integrated with a Network Address Translation (NAT)
          gateway could create a dynamic address/port binding
          and rewrite the SDP accordingly.

          Second, it allows the passive endpoint to correlate
          the incoming connection with the session being
          negotiated.  Note that great care must be taken when
          using the source address as a means to identify
          incoming connections, as NAT can render the source
          address unreliable.  In addition if the originating
          endpoint omits the source port, the source address can
          be ambiguous if multiple, logical endpoints share the
          same network address.  Therefore it is NOT RECOMMENDED
          that the source address be used for this purpose
          unless the SDP occurs in the context of a controlled
          network topology that guarantees that the source
          address is both correct (i.e., no NAT, or a NAT with
          an Application-Level Proxy that rewrites the SDP) and
          unambiguous (i.e., the source port is specified).



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5.1 Source Address Timing Considerations

   When used in conjunction with a session signaling protocol such as
   SIP, there may be cases where an endpoint initiates a connection
   prior to the opposite endpoint receiving the SDP that describe the
   source address of the initiating endpoint.  Therefore, an endpoint
   that has advertised an address and port number with direction:both
   or direction:passive MUST be ready to accept a connection on that
   address and port immediately.  If the accepting endpoint requires
   the source address to identify the initiating endpoint, it MUST keep
   the connection active and allow sufficient time for the source
   address to arrive before discarding the connection.

6  Connection and Listener Lifetime Considerations

6.1 Listener Lifetime

   An endpoint that has specified direction:both or direction:passive
   MUST be ready to accept a connection on the appropriate address and
   port during the time slot(s) advertised for that session.  The
   endpoint MUST keep the address and port available for incoming
   connections until either:

   a) The time window for the session has expired, or

   b) The endpoint has received the expected number of incoming
     connections on that address and port, or

   c) Subsequent exchanges have superceded the SDP that originally
     advertised the availability of the address and port.

   Once the endpoint has determined that a listener is no longer needed
   on a specific address and port, it SHOULD terminate the listener.
   The endpoint is then free to re-use the address and port for
   subsequent session advertisements.

6.2 Connection Lifetime

   An endpoint that intends to initiate the connection MUST initiate
   the connection immediately after it has sufficient information to do
   so, even if it does not intend to immediately begin sending media to
   the remote endpoint.  This allows media to flow from the remote
   endpoint.

   An endpoint MUST NOT close the connection until the session has
   expired, been explicitly terminated, or the media stream is
   redirected to a different address or port.

   If the endpoint determines that the connection has been closed, it
   MAY attempt to re-establish the connection.  The decision to do so
   is application and/or context dependant.  If the endpoint opts to
   re-establish the connection, it MUST NOT assume that the original
   address and port advertised by the remote endpoint is still valid.


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   Instead, the endpoint MUST renegotiate the session parameters by
   exchanging new SDP.

6.3 Session Renegotiation and Connection Lifetime

   There are scenarios where SDP is sent by an endpoint in order to
   renegotiate an existing session.  These include muting/unmuting a
   session, renegotiating the attributes of the media used by the
   session, or extending the length of a session about to expire.
   Connection-oriented media introduces some ambiguities into session
   renegotiation as to when the direction attribute must be obeyed and
   when it is ignored.

   The scenario of extending the duration of an existing session is a
   good example: in order to extend an existing session, endpoints will
   typically resend the original SDP with updated time information.  In
   connectionless media the result is no change to the existing media
   streams.  The problem with connection oriented media is that the
   original SDP will contain a direction attribute which can be
   construed as a request to create a new connection, as opposed to a
   request to maintain steady state.  To avoid this ambiguity, the
   following rule SHALL apply to subsequent exchanges of SDP:

          If the transport section (the c= and m= lines)
          combined with the direction attribute of an SDP
          message describes an existing connection between two
          endpoints, AND the SDP does not contain a=reconnect,
          then the endpoints MUST use that connection to carry
          the media described in the remainder of the message.
          The endpoints MUST NOT attempt to set up a new
          connection, regardless of what is specified in the
          direction attribute.

   This disambiguates most session renegotiation scenarios, with the
   exception of muting.  Muting a media stream is accomplished by
   sending the original session SDP but with an "a=inactive" or
   "a=sendonly/recvonly" attribute.  This is still valid for connection
   oriented media, with the additional caveat that the endpoints MUST
   NOT close the connection described by that SDP.

7  Examples

   What follows are a number of examples that show the most common
   usage of the direction attribute combined with TCP-based media
   descriptions.  For the purpose of brevity, the main portion of the
   session description is omitted in the examples and is assumed to be
   the following:

        v=0
        o=me 2890844526 2890842807 IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        s=Call me using TCP
        t=3034423619 3042462419



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7.1 Example: simple passive/active

   An endpoint at 10.1.1.2 signals the availability of a T.38 fax
   session at port 54111:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        m=image 54111 TCP t38
        a=direction:passive

   An endpoint at 10.1.1.1 receiving this description responds with the
   following:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
        m=image 9 TCP t38
        a=direction:active

   The endpoint at 10.1.1.1 then initiates the TCP connection to port
   54111 at 10.1.1.2.  Note that the TCP connection may originate from
   any address or port.  The endpoint at 10.1.1.1 could have optionally
   committed to a source address with a simple modification:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
        m=image 9 TCP t38
        a=direction:active IN IP4 10.1.1.1 1892

   By adding the source address to the a=direction line, the endpoint
   at 10.1.1.1 must now use a source port of 1892 when initiating the
   TCP connection to port 54111 at 10.1.1.2.

7.2 Example: simple passive/active with reconnect

   Continuing the preceding example, consider the scenario where the
   TCP connection fails and the endpoints wish to reestablish the
   connection for the session.  The endpoint at 10.1.1.2 signals this
   intent with the following SDP:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        m=image 54111 TCP t38
        a=direction:passive
        a=reconnect

   The a=reconnect attribute informs the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 that this
   SDP represents the intent to establish a new connection for media
   transport, rather than continuing with the original connection.
   Because the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 may not yet be aware that the TCP
   connection has failed, this eliminates any ambiguity.  If 10.1.1.1
   agrees to continue the session using a new connection, it responds
   with:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
        m=image 9 TCP t38
        a=direction:active IN IP4 10.1.1.1 1893
        a=reconnect


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   Note that the source port is different in this message, since the OS
   will have likely chosen a new ephemeral port number for the new
   connection.

7.3 Example: agnostic both

   An endpoint at 10.1.1.2 signals the availability of a T.38 fax
   session at TCP port 54111, but is also willing to set up the media
   stream by initiating the TCP connection:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        m=image 54111 TCP t38
        a=direction:both

   The endpoint at 10.1.1.1 has three choices:

      1) It can respond with either of the two direction:active
         descriptions listed in the previous example.  In this case the
         endpoint at 10.1.1.1 must initiate a connection to port 54111
         at 10.1.1.2.

      2) It can respond with a description similar to the following:

               c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
               m=image 54321 TCP t38
               a=direction:passive

         In this case the endpoint at 10.1.1.2 must initiate a
         connection to port 54321 at 10.1.1.1.

      3) It can respond with a description that specifies
         direction:both, which is covered in the next example.

7.4 Example: redundant both

   An endpoint at 10.1.1.2 uses the same description as the previous
   example:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        m=image 54111 TCP t38
        a=direction:both

   Unlike the previous example, the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 responds with
   the following description:

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.1
        m=image 54321 TCP t38
        a=direction:both

   This will cause the endpoint at 10.1.1.2 to initiate a connection to
   port 54321 at 10.1.1.1, and the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 to initiate a
   connection to port 54111 at 10.1.1.2.  Whichever TCP connection
   succeeds will be used.  If both succeed, one of the connections may
   be closed as an optimization, using the rules in section 3.3.

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   In order to minimize the chance that two connections are created,
   the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 may opt to use the recommendation in
   section 3.4, which would result in events occurring in the following
   sequence:

      1) The endpoint at 10.1.1.2 sends SDP as listed above.  The
         endpoint MUST enable a listener on port 54111 at this time,
         but is not able to initiate a TCP connection due to the fact
         that it does not have sufficient information from the endpoint
         at 10.1.1.1.

      2) The endpoint at 10.1.1.1, upon receiving the SDP, immediately
         initiates a TCP connection to 10.1.1.2:54111.

      3) In order to minimize the chance of a duplicate connection, the
         endpoint at 10.1.1.1 pauses for a short time to allow the
         endpoint at 10.1.1.2 to receive the TCP connection initiation.

      4) After the short pause, the endpoint at 10.1.1.1 sends the SDP
         response as listed above.

   The pause in #3 gives the first TCP connection attempt a chance to
   succeed, since withholding the SDP response deprives the endpoint at
   10.1.1.2 of the information it needs to attempt its own TCP
   connection.

7.5 Example: "Bidirectional" RTP and RTCP

   An endpoint at 10.1.1.2 is behind a NAT and does not know its own
   public address.

        c=IN IP4 10.1.1.2
        m=audio 9 RTP/AVP 0
        a=direction:active

   A peer with a public IP address responds as follows and waits to
   receive RTP and RTCP packets from its active peer.

        c=IN IP4 1.2.3.4
        m=audio 18240 RTP/AVP 0
        a=direction:passive

   The endpoint at 10.1.1.2 immediately sends RTP from port 9012 to
   1.2.3.4 port 18240. A NAT translates the source address to 5.6.7.8
   port 1542.  The passive endpoint receives this RTP packet and stores
   this source address. When the passive endpoint wants to send RTP
   media it sends it back to 5.6.7.8 port 1542. The NAT translates this
   destination address back to 10.1.1.2 port 9012 and delivers it to
   the active endpoint.

   Likewise the endpoint at 10.1.1.2 immediately sends RTCP from port
   9013 to 1.2.3.4:18241. The NAT translates this to 5.6.7.8:1984. The
   passive endpoint receives the RTCP packet and stores the source

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   address. The passive endpoint sends its RTCP to 5.6.7.8:1984 which
   is translated back to 10.1.1.2:9013 and delivered to the active
   endpoint.

8  Security Considerations

   See [SDP] for security and other considerations specific to the
   Session Description Protocol in general.

   A possible security concern arises if a firewall were to monitor and
   act on the source address as described in the note in Section 4.
   Firewall implementers must take care to ensure that the SDP came
   from a trusted source before deciding whether to change the network
   traffic restrictions currently imposed by the firewall.


9  IANA Considerations

   As recommended by [SDP] Appendix B, the direction and reconnect
   attributes described in this document should be registered with
   IANA, as should the "TCP" and "TLS" protocol identifiers.


Acknowledgements

   The author would like to thank Jonathan Rosenberg, Rohan Mahy,
   Anders Kristensen, Jeorg Ott, Paul Kyzivat, and Robert Fairlie-
   Cuninghame for their valuable insights and contributions.



























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Appendix A: Direction Attribute Syntax

   This appendix provides an Augmented BNF [ABNF] grammar for
   expressing the direction attribute for connection setup.  It is
   intended as an extension to the grammar for the Session Description
   Protocol, as defined in [SDP].  Specifically, it describes the
   syntax for the new "connection-setup" attribute field, which MAY be
   either a session-level or media-level attribute.

   connection-setup =    "direction" ":" direction-spec

   direction-spec =      "passive" | qualified-direction

   qualified-direction = direction-ident | direction-ident source

   direction-ident =     "both" | "active" | "passive"

   source =              nettype addrtype unicast-address |
                         nettype addrtype unicast-address port

   reconnect-attribute = "reconnect"

References

   [ABNF]      D. Crocker, P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
               Specifications: ABNF," RFC 2234, November 1997

   [SDP]       M. Handley, V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description
               Protocol," RFC 2327, April 1998

   [T38]       International Telecommunication Union, "Procedures for
               Real-Time Group 3 Facsimile Communications over IP
               Networks," Recommendation T.38, June 1998

   [TLS]       T. Dierks, C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol," RFC 2246,
               January 1999

   [UTF-8]     F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of Unicode
               and ISO 10646," RFC 2044, October 1996

AuthorÆs Address

   David Yon
   Dialout.Net, Inc.
   One Indian Head Plaza
   Nashua, NH 03060

   Phone: (603) 324-4100
   EMail: yon@dialout.net

Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001).  All Rights Reserved.

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   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
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