Network Working Group A. Muhanna
Internet-Draft M. Khalil
Intended status: Standards Track Nortel
Expires: August 20, 2009 S. Gundavelli
K. Leung
Cisco Systems
February 16, 2009
GRE Key Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6
draft-ietf-netlmm-grekey-option-04.txt
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Abstract
This specification defines a new Mobility Option for allowing the
mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor to negotiate GRE
(Generic Routing Encapsulation) encapsulation mode and exchange the
downlink and uplink GRE keys which are used for marking the downlink
and uplink traffic that belong to a specific mobility session. In
addition, the same mobility option is used to explicitly negotiate
the GRE encapsulation mode only without exchanging the GRE keys.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Conventions & Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.1. GRE Encapsulation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2. GRE Encapsulation Mode Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3. GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.1. Initial GRE Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.3.2. GRE Key Exchange During Binding Re-registration . . . 8
4. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.1. Extensions to the Conceptual Data Structure . . . . . . . 9
4.2. Operational Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.1. Extensions to the Binding Cache Entry . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2. Operational Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6. Message Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.1. GRE Key Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.2. Proxy Binding Update Message Extension . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.3. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message Extension . . . . . 14
6.4. Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7. Data Packets Processing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.1. Tunneling Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
7.2. TLV-header Tunneling Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
7.3. Mobile Access Gateway Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
7.3.1. Sending and Receiving Data Packets . . . . . . . . . . 19
7.4. Local Mobility Anchor Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.4.1. Sending and Receiving Data Packets . . . . . . . . . . 21
7.5. Mobile Node Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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1. Introduction
Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213] and Proxy Mobile IPv6
support for IPv4 [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] allow the use of IPv6 and IPv4
encapsulation modes [RFC2473][RFC2003] for the tunneled traffic
between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.
There are scenarios where these encapsulation modes are not
sufficient to uniquely identify the destination of packets of a
specific binding. Thus, there is a need for an encapsulation mode
with richer semantics. The Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
[RFC2784] and the Key extension as defined in [RFC2890], has the
required semantics to allow such distinction for use in Proxy Mobile
IPv6.
This specification defines the GRE Key option to be used for the
negotiation of GRE encapsulation mode and exchange of the uplink and
downlink GRE keys. The negotiated downlink and uplink GRE keys can
be used for marking the downlink and uplink traffic for a specific
mobility session. In addition, this specification enables the mobile
access gateway and the local mobility anchor to explicitly negotiate
the GRE encapsulation mode only using a special flag in the GRE Key
mobility option.
2. Conventions & Terminology
2.1. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
specification are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119
[RFC2119].
2.2. Terminology
All the general mobility related terminology and abbreviations are to
be interpreted as defined in Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775] and Proxy Mobile
IPv6 [RFC5213] specifications. The following terms are used in this
specification.
Downlink Traffic
The traffic in the tunnel between the local mobility anchor and
the mobile access gateway, heading towards the mobile access
gateway and tunneled at the local mobility anchor. This traffic
is also called forward direction traffic.
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Uplink Traffic
The traffic in the tunnel between the mobile access gateway and
the local mobility anchor, heading towards the local mobility
anchor and tunneled at the mobile access gateway. This traffic is
also called reverse direction traffic.
Downlink GRE Key
The GRE key is assigned by the mobile access gateway and used by
the local mobility anchor to mark the downlink traffic which
belongs to a specific mobility session as described in this
specification.
Uplink GRE Key
The GRE key is assigned by the local mobility anchor and used by
the mobile access gateway to mark the uplink traffic which belongs
to a specific mobility session as described in this specification.
A Policy Check
When LMA receives an initial, handoff-triggered Binding Lifetime
Extension, or Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update for
a mobility session, the LMA determines if the GRE encapsulation
mode only or GRE encapsulation and GRE keys are required based on
a policy check. This policy could be a per MAG-LMA peer, a per-
LMA local policy, a per-MN policy, or the combination of all.
3. GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange
3.1. GRE Encapsulation Overview
Using the GRE Key option defined in this specification, the mobile
access gateway and the local mobility anchor can negotiate GRE
encapsulation mode only or GRE encapsulation mode and exchange the
GRE keys for marking the downlink and uplink traffics. In the case
when GRE encapsulation mode only is negotiated between the MAG and
LMA, the mechanism used to exchange or deliver these GRE keys, if
used, to the MAG and LMA is out-of scope of this specification.
However, once the GRE keys have been exchanged between the mobile
access gateway and the local mobility anchor as per this
specification, the mobile access gateway will use the uplink GRE key
that is assigned by the local mobility anchor in the GRE header of
the uplink payload packet. Similarly, the local mobility anchor will
use the downlink GRE key as negotiated with the mobile access gateway
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in the GRE header of the downlink payload packet.
The following illustration explains the use of GRE encapsulation mode
and the GRE keys for supporting the usecase where overlapping IPv4
private address [RFC1918] allocation is in use.
+------------+
| Operator-A |
| |
| 10.x.0.0/16|
+------------+
/
+------+ +------+ /
| | ========================== | | /
MN-1---| | / \ | | / Key-1
| M | / ---Flows with GRE Key-1 ---- \ | L | / Traffic
MN-2---| A |--| |--| M |-
| G | \ ---Flows with GRE Key-2 ---- / | A | \ Key-2
MN-3---| | \ / | | \Traffic
| | ========================== | | \
MN-4---| | Proxy Mobile IPv6 Tunnel | | \
+------+ +------+ \
\
Operator-C: Access Network +------------+
| Operator-B |
| |
| 10.x.0.0/16|
+------------+
Figure 1: GRE Tunneling for IPv4 Private Address Space Overlapping
Figure 1 illustrates a local mobility anchor providing mobility
service to mobile nodes that are from different operators and are
assigned IPv4 addresses from overlapping private address space. In
this scenario, the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
anchor must be able to distinguish the flows belonging to a given
operator from the flows belonging to some other operator.
The mobile nodes, MN-1 and MN-2 are visiting from Operator-A, and
mobile nodes, MN-3 and MN-4 are visiting from Operator-B. The mobile
access gateway and the local mobility anchor exchange a specific pair
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of downlink and uplink GRE keys and save them as part of the mobile
node binding to be used for identifying the flows belonging to each
mobile node.
The LMA and the MAG will be able to distinguish each mobile node
flow(s) based on the GRE key present in the GRE header of the
tunneled payload packet, and route them accordingly. However, the
GRE keys as in this specification apply to the individual mobility
binding updated by the Proxy Binding Update but not to all bindings
that the mobile may have registered following procedures described in
[ID-MCoA].
3.2. GRE Encapsulation Mode Only
In order for the mobile access gateway to request GRE encapsulation
mode only without exchanging the GRE keys, the mobile access gateway
MUST include the GRE Key option in the Proxy Binding Update with the
Key NOT Used (K) bit set. In this case, the MAG MAY set the GRE Key
Identifier field to any value including zero.
If the local mobility anchor supports GRE encapsulation and the
received Proxy Binding Update contains the GRE Key option with the
Key NOT Used (K) bit set, the mobile access gateway is requesting GRE
encapsulation without exchanging the GRE keys dynamically. The local
mobility anchor MUST ignore the key in the GRE Key Identifier as it
is not used. If the Proxy Binding Update processing is successful,
the LMA sends a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with
the GRE Key option included. In this case, the local mobility anchor
MUST set the Key NOT Used (K) bit in the GRE Key option and may set
the GRE Key Identifier to any value including zero.
When the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor
successfully negotiate the GRE encapsulation mode only, the mechanism
of making the GRE keys, if being used, available to the MAG and LMA
is out-of scope of this specification.
3.3. GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange
The following subsections describe how the mobile access gateway and
the local mobility anchor negotiate GRE encapsulation and exchange
downlink and uplink GRE keys using proxy mobile IPv6 registration
procedure.
3.3.1. Initial GRE Key Exchange
When the mobile access gateway determines, based on, e.g., private
IPv4 address support [RFC1918], the MAG local policy, or the MAG-LMA
peer agreement, that GRE encapsulation is needed and GRE keys are
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required, the mobile access gateway MUST include the GRE Key option
in the initial Proxy Binding Update message sent to the local
mobility anchor. The mobile access gateway MUST include the downlink
GRE key in the GRE Key Identifier field of the GRE Key option.
After the LMA successfully processes the initial Proxy Binding Update
and accepts the GRE encapsulation request and the downlink GRE key
based on a policy check, the LMA MUST include the GRE Key option with
the uplink GRE key in the GRE Key Identifier field in a successful
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement and send it to the MAG.
3.3.2. GRE Key Exchange During Binding Re-registration
If the MAG has successfully negotiated and exchanged the initial GRE
keys with the LMA for a specific mobile node binding, the MAG MUST
include the GRE Key option with the downlink GRE key in the Proxy
Binding Update which is used for requesting a Binding Lifetime
Extension.
However, during inter-MAG handoff and if the new mobile access
gateway determines, based on, e.g., private IPv4 address support, the
MAG local policy, the MAG-LMA peer agreement, or an indication during
the handoff process, that GRE encapsulation and GRE key exchange is
required, the new mobile access gateway MUST include the GRE key
option with the downlink GRE key in the Proxy Binding Update which is
used for requesting an after handoff Binding Lifetime extension. In
this case, the new MAG may either pick a new downlink GRE key or use
the downlink GRE key that was used by the previous MAG for the same
binding. For the new MAG to know the downlink GRE key used by the
previous MAG, it may require transfer of context from the previous
MAG to the new MAG during a handoff. Such mechanisms are out-of-
scope for this specification.
If the LMA successfully processes a handoff-triggered Binding
Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update message which contains a GRE
key option with a downlink GRE key included, the LMA MUST return the
same uplink GRE key that was exchanged with the previous MAG and is
saved in the respected Binding Cache Entry (BCE) in the GRE key
option in a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message sent to
the new MAG.
If the LMA receives a handoff-triggered Binding Lifetime Extension
Proxy Binding Update message without the GRE key option for a BCE
that is using GRE keys and GRE encapsulation, the LMA makes a policy
check regarding GRE encapsulation and GRE keys exchange. If,
according to the policy check, GRE encapsulation and GRE Keys
exchange are required, the LMA MUST reject the Proxy Binding Update
by sending a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with the status
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field is set to <GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED> as defined in Section 6.4.
Otherwise, the LMA SHOULD accept the Proxy Binding Update and if it
is processed successfully, the LMA MUST return a successful PBA
without including the GRE Key option.
4. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations
4.1. Extensions to the Conceptual Data Structure
Every mobile access gateway maintains a Binding Update List (BUL)
entry for each currently attached mobile node, as explained in
Section 6.1 of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213]. To
support this specification, the conceptual Binding Update List entry
data structure must be extended with the following three new
additional fields.
o A flag indicating whether GRE encapsulation is enabled for the
mobile node's traffic.
o The downlink GRE key used in the GRE encapsulation header of the
tunneled payload packet from the local mobility anchor to the
mobile access gateway that is destined to the mobile node. This
GRE key is generated by the MAG and communicated to the LMA in the
GRE Key option in the Proxy Binding Update message.
o The uplink GRE key used in the GRE encapsulation header of the
tunneled payload packet from the mobile access gateway to the
local mobility anchor that is originating from the mobile node.
This GRE key is obtained from the GRE Key Identifier field of the
GRE Key option present in the received Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message sent by the LMA as specified in this
specification.
4.2. Operational Summary
o If the MAG determines that GRE encapsulation mode only is
required, the MAG MUST include the GRE Key option with the Key NOT
Used (K) bit set in the Proxy Binding Update message that is sent
to the local mobility anchor. The MAG MAY set the GRE Key
Identifier to any value as it is not being used.
o If the MAG determines that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys are
required, the MAG MUST include the GRE Key option with the
downlink GRE key in the GRE Key Identifier field in the Proxy
Binding Update message that is sent to the local mobility anchor.
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o After receiving a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message
with the GRE Key option with the Key NOT Used (K) bit set, the
mobile access gateway MUST update the mobile node Binding Update
List entry described in Section 4.1 by only setting the GRE
encapsulation enabled flag.
o After receiving a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message
with the GRE Key option with the Key NOT Used (K) bit cleared and
the uplink GRE key included, the mobile access gateway MUST update
the related three fields in the mobile node Binding Update List
entry described in Section 4.1. Additionally, the MAG MUST use
the assigned uplink GRE Key for tunneling all the traffic that
belong to this mobile node BUL entry and is originated from the
mobile node before forwarding the tunneled traffic to the LMA.
o If the mobile access gateway includes the GRE Key option in the
Proxy Binding Update for a specific mobile node and the local
mobility anchor accepts the Proxy Binding Update by sending a
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with a success status code (less
than 128) other than <GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED>, but without
the GRE Key option, then the mobile access gateway MUST consider
that the local mobility anchor does not support GRE Key option as
per this specification. The mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT
include the GRE Key option in any subsequent Proxy Binding Update
message that is sent to that LMA.
o If the mobile access gateway sent a Proxy Binding Update message
without the GRE Key option, but the received Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement has the Status Code <GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED>,
indicating that the GRE encapsulation and GRE key is required, the
mobile access gateway SHOULD resend the Proxy Binding Update
message with the GRE Key option. If the MAG does not support the
GRE Key option, the MAG MAY log the event and possibly raise an
alarm to indicate a possible misconfiguration.
o If the mobile access gateway sent a Proxy Binding Update message
with the GRE Key option and the downlink GRE key included and
received a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with a
status code <GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED>, the mobile access
gateway MUST consider that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys is not
required for this specific mobility binding. The MAG follows
procedures in Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213] for the
handling of uplink and downlink traffic for this mobility binding
and MUST NOT include the GRE Key option in any subsequent Proxy
Binding Update message that is sent to the LMA for this mobility
session.
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o If the MAG has successfully negotiated GRE encapsulation and
exchanged the GRE keys with the LMA for a specific mobility
session, the MAG SHOULD NOT include the GRE Key option in the de-
registration Proxy Binding Update.
o On receiving a packet from the tunnel with the GRE header, the
mobile access gateway MUST use the GRE Key present in the GRE
extension header as an additional identifier to determine which
mobility session this packet belongs to. The GRE header is
removed before further processing takes place.
5. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations
5.1. Extensions to the Binding Cache Entry
When the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway
successfully negotiate GRE encapsulation and exchange downlink and
uplink GRE keys, the local mobility anchor MUST maintain the downlink
and uplink GRE keys as part of the mobile node BCE. This requires
that the BCE described in section 5.1 of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 base
specification [RFC5213] to be extended. To support this
specification, the BCE must be extended with the following three
additional fields.
o A flag indicating whether GRE encapsulation is enabled for the
mobile node's traffic flows.
o The downlink GRE Key, assigned by the MAG and used in the GRE
encapsulation header of the tunneled payload packet from the local
mobility anchor to the mobile access gateway.
o The Uplink GRE Key, assigned by the LMA and used in the GRE
encapsulation header of the tunneled payload packet from the
mobile access gateway to the local mobility anchor.
5.2. Operational Summary
o If local mobility anchor successfully processes a Proxy Binding
Update message with the GRE Key option with the Key NOT Used (K)
bit set for Initial GRE Key exchange, the local mobility anchor
MUST include the GRE Key option with the Key NOT Used (K) bit set
when responding with a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
message. The LMA MAY set the GRE Key Identifier field in the GRE
key option to any value including zero.
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o If the local mobility anchor successfully processes a Proxy
Binding Update message with the GRE Key option with the Key NOT
Used (K) bit cleared and downlink GRE key included in the GRE Key
Identifier field for Initial GRE Key exchange as in Section 3.3.1,
the local mobility anchor MUST include the GRE Key option with the
Key NOT Used (K) bit cleared and the uplink GRE key included in
the GRE Key Identifier field when responding with a successful
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.
o If the GRE tunneling is negotiated and the downlink and uplink GRE
keys have been exchanged between the mobile access gateway and the
local mobility anchor for a specific mobility binding, the local
mobility anchor MUST use the negotiated downlink GRE key in the
GRE header of every packet that is destined to the mobile node of
this specific binding over the GRE tunnel to the mobile access
gateway.
o If the received Proxy Binding Update message does not contain the
GRE Key option, and if the local mobility anchor based on a policy
check determines that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys are required,
e.g., overlapping IPv4 private addressing is in use, LMA local
policy or LMA-MAG peer agreement, the local mobility anchor MUST
reject the request and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
message to the mobile access gateway with the status code <GRE KEY
OPTION REQUIRED> as defined in Section 6.4, indicating that GRE
encapsulation and GRE keys are required.
o If after receiving and successfully processing a Proxy Binding
Update message with the GRE Key option, the local mobility anchor
determines based on a policy check that GRE encapsulation and GRE
keys are not required for this specific binding, e.g., private
IPv4 addressing is not in use, the LMA MUST send a successful
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message to the MAG with the status
code <GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED>. The local mobility anchor
MUST NOT include the GRE Key option in this Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement.
o If the local mobility anchor successfully processes a de-
registration Proxy Binding Update message, the LMA follows the
same de-registration process as described in Proxy Mobile IPv6
specification [RFC5213] to clean the binding cache entry and all
associated resources including the downlink and uplink GRE keys.
o On receiving a packet from the tunnel with the GRE header, the
local mobility anchor MUST use the GRE Key in the GRE extension
header as an additional identifier to determine which mobility
session this packet belongs to. The GRE header is removed before
further processing takes place.
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6. Message Formats
This section defines an extension to the Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775]
protocol messages. The use of GRE Key option for supporting GRE
tunneling and GRE Key exchange for Proxy Mobile IPv6 is defined in
this specification.
6.1. GRE Key Option
A new mobility option, the GRE Key option, is defined for use in the
Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgment messages
exchanged between the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
anchor. This option can be used for negotiating GRE encapsulation
mode only or GRE encapsulation and exchanging the downlink and uplink
GRE keys. These GRE keys can be used by the peers in all GRE
encapsulated payload packets for marking that specific mobile node's
data traffic.
The alignment requirement for this option is 4n.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |K| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| GRE Key Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 2: GRE Key Option
Type
<IANA>
Length
8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of the
option, excluding the type and length fields. The Length field is
always set to 6.
Key NOT Used (K)
The Key NOT Used (K) bit is set by the mobile access gateway to
request GRE encapsulation mode only as in Section 3.2. If the (K)
bit is set, the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
gateway MUST ignore the value in the GRE Key Identifier field.
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Reserved
These fields are unused. They MUST be initialized to zero by the
sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
GRE Key Identifier
32-bit field contains the downlink or uplink GRE key. The value
in this field is ignored when the Key NOT Used (K) bit set.
6.2. Proxy Binding Update Message Extension
This specification extends the Proxy Binding Update message with one
new flag. The flag is shown and described below.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence # |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|A|H|L|K|M|R|P|F|T| Reserved | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 3: Proxy Binding Update message
TLV-header Format (T)
When set, this flag indicates that the mobile access gateway
requests the use of the TLV-header for encapsulating IPv6-or-IPv4
in IPv4. The TLV-header format is described later in this
specification.
6.3. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message Extension
This specification extends the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message
with a new flag. This new flag is shown and described below.
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0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Status |K|R|P|T| Res |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Sequence # | Lifetime |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message
TLV-header Format (T)
When set, this flag indicates that the sender of the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement (LMA) supports tunneling IPv6-or-IPv4 in IPv4
using TLV-header format.
6.4. Status Codes
The following status code values are defined for use in the Binding
Acknowledgment message when using Proxy Mobile IPv6.
GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED (TBD less than 128)
When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
with the GRE Key option while based on a policy check the LMA
determines that the GRE encapsulation is not required for this
specific mobility session, the LMA uses this code to indicate to
the mobile access gateway that the Proxy Binding Update has been
processed successfully but GRE Encapsulation and GRE Key is not
required.
GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED (TBD more than 128)
When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
without the GRE Key option while based on a policy check the local
mobility anchor determines that GRE encapsulation is required for
this specific mobility session, the local mobility anchor uses
this code to reject the Proxy Binding Update and indicate to the
mobile access gateway that GRE Encapsulation and Keys are
required.
GRE TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED (TBD less than 128)
If local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update with the
GRE Key option and TLV-header Format (T) flag set, the local
mobility anchor uses this code to indicate to the mobile access
gateway that GRE Encapsulation has successfully been negotiated
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BUT TLV-header format is NOT supported.
7. Data Packets Processing Considerations
This section describes how the local mobility anchor and mobile
access gateway encapsulate and decapsulate data packets when GRE
encapsulation and GRE Keys are used for tunneling mobile nodes data
traffic between these two mobility nodes.
7.1. Tunneling Format
When GRE encapsulation and GRE keys have been negotiated between the
mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor for a specific
mobility session, the mobile access gateway is allowed to use various
tunneling formats depending on the mobile access gateway location and
the networks's capabilities between the MAG and the LMA. While using
GRE encapsulation, the mobile access gateway can tunnel IPv6-or-IPv4
in IPv6 and IPv6-or-IPv4 in IPv4 using vanilla GRE tunneling based on
what described in [RFC5213] and [ID-PMIP6-IPv4], or use UDP
encapsulation to tunnel IPv6-or-IPv4 in IPv4.
If UDP-based tunnelling is used between the mobile access gateway and
the local mobility anchor after NAT has been detected in the path
between the MAG and the LMA while GRE encapsulation is required, the
TLV-header UDP tunneling format as shown in Figure 5 and described in
this specification MUST be used.
[IPv4 Header]
[UDP Header]
[TLV Header]
[GRE Header]
[payload - IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]
Upper Layer protocols
Figure 5: TLV-header UDP Based Encapsulation Headers Order
When UDP based tunneling format is used between the mobile access
gateway and the local mobility anchor, the use of the TLV-header is
negotiated during the Proxy Binding Update/Acknowledgement exchange
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as described in Section 7.3 and Section 7.4. If the TLV-header
format is agreed upon between the mobile access gateway and local
mobility anchor, the LMA expects the TLV-header to follow the UDP
header as shown in Figure 5. The TLV header contains the type of the
following payload packet and its length. The Type field in the TLV-
header is limited to the values of 0 and 1 to ensure that the
receiver can differentiate whether what after the UDP header is a
TLV-header Type field or an IP version field of an IP header. Hence,
the TLV-header can carry traffic other than IP. The distinction
between IP and TLV encapsulation is needed because the Proxy Binding
Update will never be sent in TLV-header UDP tunnel format.
7.2. TLV-header Tunneling Negotiation
The mobile access gateway negotiates the format for tunnelling
payload traffic during Proxy Mobile IPv6 registration procedure. If
the mobile access gateway is required to use the TLV-header UDP
encapsulation format, the mobile access gateway MUST set the TLV-
header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Update message sent to
the local mobility anchor. If the local mobility anchor supports the
TLV-header UDP tunneling format, the LMA SHOULD set the TLV-header
Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement. Otherwise, the
TLV-header Format (T) flag is cleared. The setting of the TLV-header
Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement indicates to the
mobile access gateway that it MUST use the TLV-header UDP
encapsulation format for all packets tunneled to the LMA for the
entire duration the mobile node is attached to the mobile access
gateway. The TLV-header UDP tunneling format SHOULD NOT change
during a Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update (re-
registration) from the same mobile access gateway.
Any handoff-triggered Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update
message may renegotiate the tunnelling format. Therefore, in order
to avoid interoperability issues, the local mobility anchor MUST NOT
set the TLV-header Format (T) flag unless it was set in the Proxy
Binding Update received from the mobile access gateway.
The TLV-header format is as shown below in Figure 6.
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
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Figure 6: TLV-header Format
Type
4-bit unsigned integer indicates the type of the payload following
this header. The following are the only defined values as per
this specification.
0 Reserved
1 Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) [RFC2784]
Length
16-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of the
payload following this header, excluding the TLV-header itself.
Reserved
These fields are unused. They MUST be initialized to zero by the
sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.
7.3. Mobile Access Gateway Operation
When sending an IPv6 packet containing a Proxy Binding Update while
the network between the mobile access gateway and local mobility
anchor is an IPv4-only network, the mobile access gateway follows the
procedures specified in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] and [ID-DSMIP6] if vanilla
UDP encapsulation format is used. However, if GRE encapsulation is
required and UDP based encapsulation is used, the mobile access
gateway MUST set the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding
Update and follow this specification for GRE encapsulation and GRE
keys exchange negotiation. If the received Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement has the TLV-header Format (T) flag set, the MAG MUST
use the TLV-header UDP based encapsulation format as shown in
Figure 5.
If the mobile access gateway sent a Proxy Binding Update with the GRE
key option included and the TLV-header Format (T) flag set and
received a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with the GRE key
option included, the TLV-header Format (T) flag cleared, and the
status code <GRE TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED>, the mobile
access gateway MUST NOT use GRE encapsulation for this mobility
session with UDP based tunneling. The mobile access gateway may
resend the Proxy Binding Update to negotiate different tunneling
options, e.g., using UDP based tunneling without GRE encapsulation if
possible or to de-register the the mobile node mobility session.
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7.3.1. Sending and Receiving Data Packets
When the mobile access gateway is located in an IPv6-enabled network,
the mobile access gateway encapsulates and decapsulates IPv6 packets
as described in [RFC5213]. In this case, IPv4 payload traffic is
encapsulated in IPv6 packets before being sent to the local mobility
anchor as described in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4]. In addition, if the mobile
access gateway is located in an IPv4-only network and no UDP
tunneling format is used, the mobile access gateway encapsulates and
decapsulates IPv4 packets as described in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4]. IPv6
traffic is encapsulated in IPv4 packets following the procedure in
[ID-PMIP6-IPv4] before being sent to the local mobility anchor.
If the mobile access gateway have successfully negotiated GRE
encapsulation and GRE Keys as described in this specification for any
of the above cases, the mobile access gateway encapsulates or
decapsulates data packets following the same procedure while ensuring
that the GRE header is present as shown in Figure 7.
[IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]
[GRE Header]
[payload - IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]
Upper Layer protocols
Figure 7: IPv6-or-IPv4 over IPv4 Using Vanilla GRE Encapsulation
On the other hand, if the mobile access gateway is located in an
IPv4-only network where NAT has been detected on the path between the
MAG and the LMA and successfully negotiated GRE encapsulation and the
TLV-header format, the mobile access gateway MUST use UDP TLV-header
tunneling format when sending an IPv6 or IPv4 payload packet to the
LMA according to the format described in Figure 8.
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IPv4 header (src=V4CoA, dst=HA_V4ADDR)
[UDP Header]
[TLV Header]
[GRE Header]
IPv6/v4 header (src=V6/V4HoA, dst=V6/V4CN)
Upper Layer protocols
Figure 8: IPv6-or-IPv4 over IPv4 Using TLV-header UDP Tunneling
7.4. Local Mobility Anchor Operation
When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
encapsulated in UDP and containing the IPv4 home address option, it
needs to follow all the steps in [RFC5213] and [ID-PMIP6-IPv4]. In
addition, if the TLV-header Format (T) flag was set in the Proxy
Binding Update, the local mobility anchor needs to determine whether
it can accept the TLV-header UDP based encapsulation format. If it
does, it SHOULD set the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy
Binding Acknowledgement. Otherwise, the LMA MUST NOT set the TLV-
header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement.
If the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update with the
GRE Key option and TLV-header Format (T) flag set and based on a
policy check, the local mobility anchor determines that GRE
encapsulation is required BUT the LMA does NOT support TLV-header
tunneling and if PBU has been successfully processed, the LMA MUST
send a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with the status code
<GRE TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED>. This way, the local
mobility anchor indicates to the mobile access gateway that GRE
encapsulation and GRE keys have been successfully negotiated BUT GRE
encapsulation MUST NOT be used while TLV-header UDP based tunneling
format is not supported.
If the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway have
successfully negotiated the TLV-header UDP based tunneling format and
the GRE encapsulation for a specific mobility session, the local
mobility anchor processes data packets as described in the following
subsection.
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7.4.1. Sending and Receiving Data Packets
The local mobility anchor follows the rules specified in [RFC5213]
for sending IPv6 payload packets to mobile nodes located in IPv6
through the mobile access gateway. When sending IPv4 packets to
mobile nodes in an IPv6 network, the local mobility anchor
encapsulates the IPv4 packets in IPv6 following the rules as
described in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4].
When sending IPv6 packets to a mobile node located in an IPv4
network, the local mobility anchor follows the format negotiated in
the Proxy Binding Update/Acknowledgement exchange as described in
[ID-PMIP6-IPv4]. In the case when TLV-tunneling format and the GRE
encapsulation for a specific mobility session have been successfully
negotiated between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
gateway, the local mobility anchor follows the TLV-header UDP based
headers tunneling order as shown in Figure 8 when sending or
receiving tunnelled IPv4 or IPv6 payload packets to or from the
mobile access gateway, respectively.
7.5. Mobile Node Operation
This specification has no impact on IPv4 or IPv6 mobile nodes.
8. IANA Considerations
This specification defines a new Mobility Option, the GRE Key Option,
described in Section 6.1. This option is carried in the Mobility
Header. The type value for this option needs to be assigned from the
same numbering space as allocated for the other mobility options
defined in the Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC3775].
This specification also defines three new Binding Acknowledgement
status codes as described in Section 6.4 and requests that these
three codes be allocated with numeric values as specified in
Section 6.4 from the "Status Codes" registry of the Mobility IPv6
Parameters located at
http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters.
9. Security Considerations
The GRE Key Option, defined in this specification, that can be
carried in Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
messages, reveals the group affiliation of a mobile node identified
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by its NAI or an IP address. It may help an attacker in targeting
flows belonging to a specific group. This vulnerability can be
prevented, by enabling confidentiality protection on the Proxy
Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement messages where the
presence of the NAI and GRE Key Options establish a mobile node's
relation to a specific group. This vulnerability can also be avoided
by enabling confidentiality protection on all the tunneled data
packets between the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
anchor, for hiding all the markings.
In Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213], the use of IPsec [RFC4301] for
protecting a mobile node's data traffic is optional. Additionally,
Proxy Mobile IPv6 recommends the use of ESP in tunnel mode when using
ESP in protecting the mobile node's data traffic. However, when GRE
encapsulation is used, both IPsec tunnel mode and transport mode can
be used to protect the GRE header. The IPsec traffic selectors will
contain the protocol number for GRE, and there is currently no
mechanism to use the GRE key as a traffic selector.
10. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Alessio Casati, Barney Barnowski,
Mark Grayson and Parviz Yegani for their input on the need for this
option. The authors would like to thank Charlie Perkins, Curtis
Provost, Irfan Ali, Jouni Korhonen, Julien Laganier, Kuntal
Chowdhury, Suresh Krishnan, and Vijay Devarapalli for their review
and comments.
11. References
11.1. Normative References
[ID-DSMIP6]
Soliman, H., "Mobile IPv6 Support for Dual Stack Hosts and
Routers", draft-ietf-mext-nemo-v4traversal-07 (work in
progress), December 2008.
[ID-MCoA] Wakikawa, R., Devarapalli, V., Ernst, T., and K. Nagami,
"Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration",
draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-11 (work in progress),
January 2009.
[ID-PMIP6-IPv4]
Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy
Mobile IPv6", draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-09
(work in progress), January 2009.
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[RFC1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC2003] Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
October 1996.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998.
[RFC2784] Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P.
Traina, "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 2784,
March 2000.
[RFC2890] Dommety, G., "Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE",
RFC 2890, September 2000.
[RFC3775] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
in IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.
[RFC5213] Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, August 2008.
11.2. Informative References
[RFC4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
Authors' Addresses
Ahmad Muhanna
Nortel
2221 Lakeside Blvd.
Richardson, TX 75082
USA
Email: amuhanna@nortel.com
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Mohamed Khalil
Nortel
2221 Lakeside Blvd.
Richardson, TX 75082
USA
Email: mkhalil@nortel.com
Sri Gundavelli
Cisco Systems
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
Email: sgundave@cisco.com
Kent Leung
Cisco Systems
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
Email: kleung@cisco.com
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