Network Working Group                                         A. Muhanna
Internet-Draft                                                 M. Khalil
Intended status: Standards Track                                  Nortel
Expires: October 28, 2009                                  S. Gundavelli
                                                                K. Leung
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                          April 26, 2009


                  GRE Key Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6
                 draft-ietf-netlmm-grekey-option-07.txt

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on October 28, 2009.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
   publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.






Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 1]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


Abstract

   This specification defines a new Mobility Option for allowing the
   Mobile Access Gateway and the Local Mobility Anchor to negotiate GRE
   (Generic Routing Encapsulation) encapsulation mode and exchange the
   downlink and uplink GRE keys which are used for marking the downlink
   and uplink traffic that belong to a specific mobility session.  In
   addition, the same mobility option can be used to negotiate the GRE
   encapsulation mode without exchanging the GRE keys.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Conventions & Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.1.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     2.2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  GRE Encapsulation Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.2.  GRE Encapsulation Mode Only  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
     3.3.  GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       3.3.1.  Initial GRE Key Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
       3.3.2.  GRE Key Exchange During Binding Re-registration  . . .  7
   4.  Mobile Access Gateway Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
     4.1.  Extensions to the Conceptual Data Structure  . . . . . . .  8
     4.2.  Operational Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
   5.  Local Mobility Anchor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.1.  Extensions to the Binding Cache Entry  . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.2.  Operational Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   6.  Message Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.1.  GRE Key Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
     6.2.  Proxy Binding Update Message Extension . . . . . . . . . . 13
     6.3.  Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message Extension  . . . . . 14
     6.4.  Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   7.  Data Packets Processing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.1.  Tunneling Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.2.  TLV-header Tunneling Negotiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
     7.3.  Mobile Access Gateway Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       7.3.1.  Sending and Receiving Data Packets . . . . . . . . . . 19
     7.4.  Local Mobility Anchor Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
       7.4.1.  Sending and Receiving Data Packets . . . . . . . . . . 21
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
   9.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   10. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 2]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


1.  Introduction

   Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213] and Proxy Mobile IPv6
   support for IPv4 [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] allow the use of IPv6 and IPv4
   encapsulation modes as specified in [RFC2473] and [RFC2003] for the
   tunneled traffic between the local mobility anchor and the mobile
   access gateway.  There are scenarios where these encapsulation modes
   are not sufficient to uniquely identify the destination of packets of
   a specific mobility session.  Thus, there is a need for an
   encapsulation mode with richer semantics.  The Generic Routing
   Encapsulation (GRE) [RFC2784] and the Key extension as defined in
   [RFC2890], has the required semantics to allow such distinction for
   use in Proxy Mobile IPv6.

   This specification defines the GRE Key option to be used for the
   negotiation of GRE encapsulation mode and exchange of the uplink and
   downlink GRE keys.  The negotiated downlink and uplink GRE keys can
   be used for marking the downlink and uplink traffic for a specific
   mobility session.  In addition, this specification enables the Mobile
   Access Gateway (MAG) and the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) to negotiate
   the use of GRE encapsulation mode without exchanging the GRE keys.

   This specification has no impact on IPv4 or IPv6 mobile nodes.


2.  Conventions & Terminology

2.1.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   specification are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119
   [RFC2119].

2.2.  Terminology

   All the general mobility related terminology and abbreviations are to
   be interpreted as defined in Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775] and Proxy Mobile
   IPv6 [RFC5213] specifications.  The following terms are used in this
   specification.

   Downlink Traffic

      The traffic in the tunnel between the local mobility anchor and
      the mobile access gateway, heading towards the mobile access
      gateway and tunneled at the local mobility anchor.  This traffic
      is also called forward direction traffic.




Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 3]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   Uplink Traffic

      The traffic in the tunnel between the mobile access gateway and
      the local mobility anchor, heading towards the local mobility
      anchor and tunneled at the mobile access gateway.  This traffic is
      also called reverse direction traffic.

   Downlink GRE Key

      The GRE key is assigned by the mobile access gateway and used by
      the local mobility anchor to mark the downlink traffic which
      belongs to a specific mobility session as described in this
      specification.

   Uplink GRE Key

      The GRE key is assigned by the local mobility anchor and used by
      the mobile access gateway to mark the uplink traffic which belongs
      to a specific mobility session as described in this specification.

   A Policy Check

      When local mobility anchor receives an initial, handoff-triggered
      Binding Lifetime Extension, or Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy
      Binding Update for a mobility session, the local mobility anchor
      determines if the GRE encapsulation mode only or GRE encapsulation
      and GRE keys are required based on a policy check.  This policy
      could be a per MAG-LMA pair, a per-LMA local policy, a per-MN
      policy, or the combination of any of them.


3.  GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange

   This section describes how GRE encapsulation mode is negotiated and
   the GRE keys are dynamically exchanged while using Proxy Mobile IPv6
   protocol [RFC5213] signaling.

3.1.  GRE Encapsulation Overview

   Using the GRE Key option defined in this specification, the mobile
   access gateway and the local mobility anchor can negotiate GRE
   encapsulation mode only or GRE encapsulation mode and exchange the
   GRE keys for marking the downlink and uplink traffics.  In the case
   when GRE encapsulation mode only is negotiated between the mobile
   access gateway and the local mobility anchor, then no GRE keys are
   used.

   However, once the GRE keys have been exchanged between the mobile



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 4]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   access gateway and the local mobility anchor as per this
   specification, the mobile access gateway will use the uplink GRE key
   that is assigned by the local mobility anchor in the GRE header of
   the uplink payload packet.  Similarly, the local mobility anchor will
   use the downlink GRE key as negotiated with the mobile access gateway
   in the GRE header of the downlink payload packet.

   The following illustration explains the use of GRE encapsulation mode
   and the GRE keys for supporting the usecase where overlapping IPv4
   private address [RFC1918] allocation is in use.




                                                          +------------+
                                                          | Operator-A |
                                                          |            |
                                                          | 10.x.0.0/16|
                                                          +------------+
                                                                   /
        +------+                                      +------+    /
        |      |      ==========================      |      |   /
 MN-1---|      |    /                            \    |      |  / Key-1
        |  M   |   / ---Flows with GRE Key-1 ---- \   |  L   | / Traffic
 MN-2---|  A   |--|                                |--|  M   |-
        |  G   |   \ ---Flows with GRE Key-2 ---- /   |  A   | \ Key-2
 MN-3---|      |    \                            /    |      |  \Traffic
        |      |      ==========================      |      |   \
 MN-4---|      |       Proxy Mobile IPv6 Tunnel       |      |    \
        +------+                                      +------+     \
                                                                    \
                   Operator-C: Access Network             +------------+
                                                          | Operator-B |
                                                          |            |
                                                          | 10.x.0.0/16|
                                                          +------------+



    Figure 1: GRE Tunneling for IPv4 Private Address Space Overlapping



   Figure 1 illustrates a local mobility anchor providing mobility
   service to mobile nodes that are from different operators and are
   assigned IPv4 addresses from overlapping private address space.  In
   this scenario, the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
   anchor must be able to distinguish the flows belonging to a given



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 5]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   operator from the flows belonging to some other operator.

   The mobile nodes, MN-1 and MN-2 are visiting from Operator-A, and
   mobile nodes, MN-3 and MN-4 are visiting from Operator-B.  The mobile
   access gateway and the local mobility anchor exchange a specific pair
   of downlink and uplink GRE keys and save them as part of the mobile
   node binding to be used for identifying the flows belonging to each
   mobile node.

   The LMA and the MAG will be able to distinguish each mobile node
   flow(s) based on the GRE key present in the GRE header of the
   tunneled payload packet, and route them accordingly.  However, the
   GRE keys as in this specification apply to the individual mobility
   binding updated by the Proxy Binding Update but not to all bindings
   that the mobile may have registered following procedures described in
   [ID-MCoA].

3.2.  GRE Encapsulation Mode Only

   In order for the mobile access gateway to request GRE encapsulation
   mode only without exchanging the GRE keys, the mobile access gateway
   MUST include the GRE Key option but omit the GRE Key Identifier field
   in the Proxy Binding Update.

   If the local mobility anchor supports GRE encapsulation and the
   received Proxy Binding Update contains the GRE Key option but the GRE
   Key Identifier field is omitted, the mobile access gateway is
   requesting GRE encapsulation without exchanging the GRE keys
   dynamically.  If the Proxy Binding Update processing is successful,
   the local mobility anchor sends a successful Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement message with the GRE Key option but the GRE Key
   Identifier field is omitted.

   When the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor
   successfully negotiate the GRE encapsulation mode only, then no GRE
   keys are used.

3.3.  GRE Encapsulation and Keys Exchange

   The following subsections describe how the mobile access gateway and
   the local mobility anchor negotiate GRE encapsulation and exchange
   downlink and uplink GRE keys using proxy mobile IPv6 registration
   procedure.

3.3.1.  Initial GRE Key Exchange

   When the mobile access gateway determines, based on, e.g., private
   IPv4 address support [RFC1918], the mobile access gateway local



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 6]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   policy, or the MAG-LMA peer agreement, that GRE encapsulation is
   needed and GRE keys are required, the mobile access gateway MUST
   include the GRE Key option in the initial Proxy Binding Update
   message sent to the local mobility anchor.  The mobile access gateway
   MUST include the downlink GRE key in the GRE Key Identifier field of
   the GRE Key option.

   After the local mobility anchor successfully processes the initial
   Proxy Binding Update and accepts the GRE encapsulation request and
   the downlink GRE key based on a policy check, the local mobility
   anchor MUST include the GRE Key option with the uplink GRE key in the
   GRE Key Identifier field in a successful Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement and send it to the mobile access gateway.

3.3.2.  GRE Key Exchange During Binding Re-registration

   If the mobile access gateway has successfully negotiated and
   exchanged the initial GRE keys with the local mobility anchor for a
   specific mobile node binding, the mobile access gateway MUST include
   the GRE Key option with the downlink GRE key in the Proxy Binding
   Update which is used for requesting a Binding Lifetime Extension.  In
   this case, if the local mobility anchor successfully processes the
   Proxy Binding Update message, the local mobility anchor MUST return
   the same uplink GRE key that was exchanged with the mobile access
   gateway for the same mobility session in the GRE key option in a
   successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

   However, during inter-MAG handoff and if the new mobile access
   gateway determines, based on, e.g., private IPv4 address support, the
   mobile access gateway local policy, the MAG-LMA peer agreement, or an
   indication during the handoff process, that GRE encapsulation and GRE
   keys exchange are required, the new mobile access gateway MUST
   include the GRE key option with the downlink GRE key in the Proxy
   Binding Update which is used for requesting an after handoff Binding
   Lifetime extension.  In this case, the new mobile access gateway may
   either pick a new downlink GRE key or use the downlink GRE key that
   was used by the previous mobile access gateway for the same binding.
   For the new mobile access gateway to know the downlink GRE key used
   by the previous mobile access gateway, it may require transfer of
   context from the previous mobile access gateway to the new mobile
   access gateway during a handoff.  Such mechanisms are out-of-scope
   for this specification.

   If the local mobility anchor successfully processes a handoff-
   triggered Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update message
   which contains a GRE key option with a downlink GRE key included, the
   local mobility anchor MUST return the same uplink GRE key that was
   exchanged with the previous mobile access gateway for the same



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 7]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   mobility session in the GRE key option in a successful Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement.

   If the local mobility anchor receives a handoff-triggered Binding
   Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding Update message without the GRE key
   option for a Binding Cache Entry (BCE) that is using GRE keys and GRE
   encapsulation, the local mobility anchor makes a policy check
   regarding GRE encapsulation and GRE keys exchange.  If, according to
   the policy check, GRE encapsulation and GRE Keys exchange are
   required, the local mobility anchor MUST reject the Proxy Binding
   Update by sending a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with the
   status field is set to <GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED> as defined in
   Section 6.4.  Otherwise, the local mobility anchor SHOULD accept the
   Proxy Binding Update and if it is processed successfully, the local
   mobility anchor MUST return a successful Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement without including the GRE Key option.


4.  Mobile Access Gateway Considerations

4.1.  Extensions to the Conceptual Data Structure

   Every mobile access gateway maintains a Binding Update List (BUL)
   entry for each currently attached mobile node, as explained in
   Section 6.1 of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213].  To
   support this specification, the conceptual Binding Update List entry
   data structure must be extended with the following three new
   additional fields.

   o  A flag indicating whether GRE encapsulation is enabled for the
      mobile node's traffic.

   o  The downlink GRE key used in the GRE encapsulation header of the
      tunneled payload packet from the local mobility anchor to the
      mobile access gateway that is destined to the mobile node.  This
      GRE key is generated by the mobile access gateway and communicated
      to the local mobility anchor in the GRE Key option in the Proxy
      Binding Update message.

   o  The uplink GRE key used in the GRE encapsulation header of the
      tunneled payload packet from the mobile access gateway to the
      local mobility anchor that is originating from the mobile node.
      This GRE key is obtained from the GRE Key Identifier field of the
      GRE Key option present in the received Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message sent by the local mobility anchor as
      specified in this specification.





Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 8]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   o  A flag indicating whether UDP based TLV-Header format Section 7.2
      is enabled for the mobile node's traffic.  This flag is TRUE only
      when UDP tunneling as in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] and GRE Encapsulation as
      in this specification are both enabled for this mobility session.

4.2.  Operational Summary

   o  If the mobile access gateway determines that GRE encapsulation
      mode only is required, the mobile access gateway MUST include the
      GRE Key option but omit the GRE Key Identifier field in the Proxy
      Binding Update message that is sent to the local mobility anchor.

   o  If the mobile access gateway determines that GRE encapsulation and
      GRE keys are required, the mobile access gateway MUST include the
      GRE Key option with the downlink GRE key in the GRE Key Identifier
      field in the Proxy Binding Update message that is sent to the
      local mobility anchor.

   o  After receiving a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message
      with the GRE Key option with the GRE Key Identifier field omitted,
      the mobile access gateway MUST update the mobile node Binding
      Update List entry described in Section 4.1 by only setting the GRE
      encapsulation enabled flag.

   o  After receiving a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message
      with the GRE Key option and the uplink GRE key included in the GRE
      Key Identifier field, the mobile access gateway MUST update the
      related three fields in the mobile node Binding Update List entry
      described in Section 4.1.  Additionally, the mobile access gateway
      MUST use the assigned uplink GRE Key for tunneling all the traffic
      that belong to this mobile node BUL entry and is originated from
      the mobile node before forwarding the tunneled traffic to the
      local mobility anchor.

   o  If the mobile access gateway includes the GRE Key option in the
      Proxy Binding Update for a specific mobile node and the local
      mobility anchor accepts the Proxy Binding Update by sending a
      Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with a success status code (less
      than 128) other than <GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED>, but without
      the GRE Key option, then the mobile access gateway MUST consider
      that the local mobility anchor does not support GRE Key option as
      per this specification.  The mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT
      include the GRE Key option in any subsequent Proxy Binding Update
      message that is sent to that local mobility anchor.

   o  If the mobile access gateway sent a Proxy Binding Update message
      without the GRE Key option, but the received Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement has the Status Code <GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED>,



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009                [Page 9]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


      indicating that the GRE encapsulation and GRE key is required, the
      mobile access gateway SHOULD resend the Proxy Binding Update
      message with the GRE Key option.  If the mobile access gateway
      does not support the GRE Key option, it MAY log the event and
      possibly raise an alarm to indicate a possible misconfiguration.

   o  If the mobile access gateway sent a Proxy Binding Update message
      with the GRE Key option and the downlink GRE key included and
      received a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with a
      status code <GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED>, the mobile access
      gateway MUST consider that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys is not
      required for this specific mobility session.  The mobile access
      gateway follows procedures in Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification
      [RFC5213] for the handling of uplink and downlink traffic and MUST
      NOT include the GRE Key option in any subsequent Proxy Binding
      Update message that is sent to the local mobility anchor for this
      mobility session.

   o  If the mobile access gateway has successfully negotiated GRE
      encapsulation and exchanged the GRE keys with the local mobility
      anchor for a specific mobility session, the mobile access gateway
      SHOULD NOT include the GRE Key option in the de-registration Proxy
      Binding Update.

   o  On receiving a packet from the tunnel with the GRE header, the
      mobile access gateway MUST use the GRE Key present in the GRE
      extension header as an additional identifier to determine which
      mobility session this packet belongs to.  The GRE header is
      removed before further processing takes place.


5.  Local Mobility Anchor Considerations

5.1.  Extensions to the Binding Cache Entry

   When the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway
   successfully negotiate GRE encapsulation and exchange downlink and
   uplink GRE keys, the local mobility anchor MUST maintain the downlink
   and uplink GRE keys as part of the mobile node's BCE.  This requires
   that the BCE described in section 5.1 of the Proxy Mobile IPv6
   specification [RFC5213] to be extended.  To support this
   specification, the BCE must be extended with the following three
   additional fields.

   o  A flag indicating whether GRE encapsulation is enabled for the
      mobile node's traffic flows.





Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 10]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   o  The downlink GRE Key, assigned by the mobile access gateway and
      used in the GRE encapsulation header of the tunneled payload
      packet from the local mobility anchor to the mobile access
      gateway.

   o  The Uplink GRE Key, assigned by the local mobility anchor and used
      in the GRE encapsulation header of the tunneled payload packet
      from the mobile access gateway to the local mobility anchor.

   o  A flag indicating whether UDP based TLV-Header format Section 7.2
      is enabled for the mobile node's traffic.  This flag is TRUE only
      when UDP tunneling as in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] and GRE Encapsulation as
      in this specification are both enabled for this mobility session.

5.2.  Operational Summary

   o  If local mobility anchor successfully processes a Proxy Binding
      Update message with the GRE Key option but the GRE Key Identifier
      field is omitted for Initial GRE Key exchange, the local mobility
      anchor MUST include the GRE Key option but omit the GRE Key
      Identifier field when responding with a successful Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message.

   o  If the local mobility anchor successfully processes a Proxy
      Binding Update message with the GRE Key option and the downlink
      GRE key included in the GRE Key Identifier field for Initial GRE
      Key exchange as in Section 3.3.1, the local mobility anchor MUST
      include the GRE Key option with the uplink GRE key included in the
      GRE Key Identifier field when responding with a successful Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  If the GRE tunneling is negotiated and the downlink and uplink GRE
      keys have been exchanged between the mobile access gateway and the
      local mobility anchor for a specific mobility session, the local
      mobility anchor MUST use the negotiated downlink GRE key in the
      GRE header of every packet that is destined to the mobile node of
      this specific mobility session over the GRE tunnel to the mobile
      access gateway.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Update message does not contain the
      GRE Key option, and if the local mobility anchor based on a policy
      check determines that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys are required,
      e.g., overlapping IPv4 private addressing is in use, local
      mobility anchor local policy or LMA-MAG peer agreement, the local
      mobility anchor MUST reject the request and send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message to the mobile access gateway with the
      status code <GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED> as defined in Section 6.4,
      indicating that GRE encapsulation and GRE keys are required.



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 11]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   o  If after receiving and successfully processing a Proxy Binding
      Update message with the GRE Key option, the local mobility anchor
      determines based on a policy check that GRE encapsulation and GRE
      keys are not required for this specific binding, e.g., private
      IPv4 addressing is not in use, the local mobility anchor SHOULD
      send a successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message to the
      mobile access gateway with the status code <GRE KEY OPTION NOT
      REQUIRED>.  In this case, the local mobility anchor MUST NOT
      include the GRE Key option in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement.

   o  If the local mobility anchor successfully processes a de-
      registration Proxy Binding Update message, the local mobility
      anchor follows the same de-registration process as described in
      Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC5213] to clean the binding
      cache entry and all associated resources including the downlink
      and uplink GRE keys.

   o  On receiving a packet from the tunnel with the GRE header, the
      local mobility anchor MUST use the GRE Key in the GRE extension
      header as an additional identifier to determine which mobility
      session this packet belongs to.  The GRE header is removed before
      further processing takes place.


6.  Message Formats

   This section defines an extension to the Mobile IPv6 [RFC3775]
   protocol messages.  The use of GRE Key option for supporting GRE
   tunneling and GRE Key exchange for Proxy Mobile IPv6 is defined in
   this specification.

6.1.  GRE Key Option

   A new mobility option, the GRE Key option, is defined for use in the
   Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgment messages
   exchanged between the mobile access gateway and the local mobility
   anchor.  This option can be used for negotiating GRE encapsulation
   mode only or GRE encapsulation and exchanging the downlink and uplink
   GRE keys.  These GRE keys can be used by the peers in all GRE
   encapsulated payload packets for marking that specific mobile node's
   data traffic.

   The alignment requirement for this option is 4n.








Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 12]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |   Length      |           Reserved            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                      GRE Key Identifier                       |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                         Figure 2: GRE Key Option

   Type

      <IANA>

   Length

      8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of the
      option, excluding the type and length fields.  If the Length field
      is set to 2, it indicates that the GRE key Identifier field is not
      being carried in the option.  If the length field is set to a
      value of 6, it means that either the downlink or the uplink GRE
      key is carried.

   Reserved

      These fields are unused.  They MUST be initialized to zero by the
      sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

   GRE Key Identifier

      32-bit field containing the downlink or the uplink GRE key.  This
      field is present in the GRE Key option only if the GRE keys are
      being exchanged using the Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement messages.


6.2.  Proxy Binding Update Message Extension

   This specification extends the Proxy Binding Update message as
   defined in [RFC5213] with the new TLV-Header format (T) flag.  The
   new (T) flag is described below and shown as part of the Proxy
   Binding Update message as in Figure 3.








Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 13]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                      |          Sequence #           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |A|H|L|K|M|R|P|F|T|  Reserved   |           Lifetime            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



                  Figure 3: Proxy Binding Update message


   TLV-header Format (T)

      When set, this flag indicates that the mobile access gateway
      requests the use of the TLV-header for encapsulating IPv6-or-IPv4
      in IPv4.  The TLV-header format is described later in this
      specification.  None of the other fields or flags in the Proxy
      Binding Update is modified by this specification.

6.3.  Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message Extension

   This specification extends the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message
   as defined in [RFC5213] with the new TLV-Header format (T) flag.  The
   new (T) flag is described below and shown as part of the Proxy
   Binding Acknowledgement message as in Figure 4.



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                      |    Status     |K|R|P|T|   Res |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |           Sequence #          |           Lifetime            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



              Figure 4: Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message


   TLV-header Format (T)

      When set, this flag indicates that the sender of the Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement (LMA) supports tunneling IPv6-or-IPv4 in IPv4
      using TLV-header format.  None of the other fields or flags in the



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 14]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


      Proxy Binding Acknowledgement is modified by this specification.

6.4.  Status Codes

   The following status code values are defined for use in the Binding
   Acknowledgment message when using Proxy Mobile IPv6.


   GRE KEY OPTION NOT REQUIRED (TBD less than 128)

      When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
      with the GRE Key option while based on a policy check the local
      mobility anchor determines that the GRE encapsulation is not
      required for this specific mobility session, the local mobility
      anchor uses this code to indicate to the mobile access gateway
      that the Proxy Binding Update has been processed successfully but
      GRE Encapsulation and GRE Keys are not required.

   GRE TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED (TBD less than 128)

      If local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update with the
      GRE Key option and TLV-header Format (T) flag set, the local
      mobility anchor uses this code to indicate to the mobile access
      gateway that GRE Encapsulation has successfully been negotiated
      but TLV-header format is NOT supported.

   GRE KEY OPTION REQUIRED (TBD more than 128)

      When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
      without the GRE Key option while based on a policy check the local
      mobility anchor determines that GRE encapsulation is required for
      this specific mobility session, the local mobility anchor uses
      this code to reject the Proxy Binding Update and indicate to the
      mobile access gateway that GRE Encapsulation and GRE Keys are
      required.


7.  Data Packets Processing Considerations

   This section describes how the local mobility anchor and mobile
   access gateway encapsulate and decapsulate data packets when GRE
   encapsulation and GRE Keys are used for tunneling mobile nodes data
   traffic between these two mobility nodes.

7.1.  Tunneling Format

   When GRE encapsulation is used, the mobile access gateway is allowed
   to use various tunneling formats depending on the mobile access



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 15]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   gateway location and the networks's capabilities between the mobile
   access gateway and the local mobility anchor.  Using GRE
   encapsulation, as described in [RFC2784] and [RFC2890], the mobile
   access gateway can tunnel IPv6-or-IPv4 payload packet in IPv6 or in
   IPv4 following the rules in [RFC5213] and [ID-PMIP6-IPv4].

   If UDP-based tunneling is used between the mobile access gateway and
   the local mobility anchor after NAT has been detected in the path
   between the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor while
   GRE encapsulation is required, the TLV-header UDP tunneling format as
   shown in Figure 5 MUST be used.



         [IPv4 Header]

         [UDP Header]

         [TLV Header]

         [GRE Header]

         [payload - IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]

         Upper Layer protocols


        Figure 5: TLV-header UDP Based Encapsulation Headers Order


   When UDP based tunneling format is used between the mobile access
   gateway and the local mobility anchor, the use of the TLV-header is
   negotiated during the Proxy Binding Update/Acknowledgement exchange
   as described in Section 7.3 and Section 7.4.  If the TLV-header
   format is agreed upon between the mobile access gateway and local
   mobility anchor, the local mobility anchor expects the TLV-header to
   follow the UDP header as shown in Figure 5.  The TLV header contains
   the type field, the following payload packet header type and its
   length.  The Type field in the TLV-header is always set to a value of
   0 to enhance the processing of the received packet by ensuring that
   the receiver can differentiate whether what after the UDP header is a
   TLV-header Type field or an IP version field of an IP header.  Hence,
   the TLV-header can carry traffic other than IP as indicated in the
   Next Header field.  The distinction between IP and TLV encapsulation
   is needed, because the Proxy Binding Update (IP Packet) and the data
   packets (GRE packets) can be sent over the same UDP tunnel.





Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 16]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   When processing a UDP packet with the TLV-Header format, if the
   receiving node found that the payload packet length as calculated
   from the UDP header length field is different than its length as
   calculated from the TLV-header length field, the receiving node MUST
   discard the received IP packet.

7.2.  TLV-header Tunneling Negotiation

   The mobile access gateway negotiates the format for tunneling payload
   traffic during Proxy Mobile IPv6 registration procedure.  If the
   mobile access gateway is required to use the TLV-header UDP
   encapsulation format, the mobile access gateway MUST set the TLV-
   header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Update message sent to
   the local mobility anchor.  If the local mobility anchor supports the
   TLV-header UDP tunneling format, the local mobility anchor SHOULD set
   the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement.
   Otherwise, the TLV-header Format (T) flag is cleared.  The setting of
   the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   indicates to the mobile access gateway that it MUST use the TLV-
   header UDP encapsulation format for all packets tunneled to the local
   mobility anchor for the entire duration the mobile node is attached
   to the mobile access gateway.  The TLV-header UDP tunneling format
   SHOULD NOT change during a Binding Lifetime Extension Proxy Binding
   Update (re-registration) from the same mobile access gateway.

   Any Proxy Binding Update message triggered by a handoff (Section
   5.3.4 of [RFC5213]) may renegotiate the tunneling format.  Therefore,
   in order to avoid interoperability issues, the local mobility anchor
   MUST NOT set the TLV-header Format (T) flag unless it was set in the
   Proxy Binding Update received from the mobile access gateway.

   The TLV-header format is as shown below in Figure 6.



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      | Type  |  Res. |  Next Header  |            Length             |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



                        Figure 6: TLV-header Format







Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 17]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   Type

      This field is always 0 (zero) and distinguishes the TLV header
      from the IPv4 and IPv6 headers.

   Res.

      These fields are Reserved and unused.  They MUST be initialized to
      zero by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

   Next Header

      8-bit unsigned integer which indicates the protocol number of the
      payload header following this TLV header.  It is set to the
      protocol number as assigned by IANA at the following
      http://www.iana.org/assignments/protocol-numbers. e.g., if an IPv6
      header follows, it should be '41'; '47' if it is a GRE header that
      follows.

   Length

      16-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of the
      payload following this header, excluding the TLV-header itself.


7.3.  Mobile Access Gateway Operation

   When sending a Proxy Binding Update message while the network between
   the mobile access gateway and local mobility anchor is an IPv4-only
   network, the mobile access gateway follows the procedures specified
   in [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] if regular UDP encapsulation format is used.
   However, if GRE encapsulation is required and UDP based encapsulation
   is used, the mobile access gateway MUST set the TLV-header Format (T)
   flag in the Proxy Binding Update and follow this specification for
   GRE encapsulation negotiation.  If the received Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement is successful and the TLV-header Format (T) flag set
   and the GRE Key option included, the mobile access gateway MUST
   update the mobile node Binding Update List entry described in
   Section 4.1 by setting the UDP based TLV-Header format flag.  In this
   case, the mobile access gateway MUST use the TLV-header UDP based
   encapsulation format as shown in Figure 5.

   If the mobile access gateway receives a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   with the status <GRE TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED> in
   response to a Proxy Binding Update with the GRE key option and the
   (T) flag set, the mobile access gateway MUST use GRE encapsulation
   without UDP encapsulation.  If the mobile access gateway is allowed
   to use GRE encapsulation without UDP tunneling, e.g., the mobile



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 18]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   access gateway is NOT behind a NAT, the mobile access gateway MUST
   update the mobile node Binding Update List entry described in
   Section 4.1 by setting the GRE encapsulation enabled flag and the
   uplink and downlink GRE key fields.  In this case, the mobile access
   gateway MUST set the UDP based TLV-Header format flag to FALSE.  A
   Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with status <GRE TUNNELING BUT
   TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED> has the (T) flag cleared.  Alternatively,
   the mobile access gateway may resend the Proxy Binding Update to
   negotiate different tunneling options, e.g., using UDP based
   tunneling without GRE encapsulation if possible or de-register the
   mobile node mobility session.

7.3.1.  Sending and Receiving Data Packets

   When the mobile access gateway is located in an IPv6-enabled or IPv4-
   enabled network, it may be required to use GRE encapsulation for
   tunneling IPv6 or IPv4 payload data packet to the local mobility
   anchor.  In this case and if the mobile access gateway has
   successfully negotiated GRE encapsulation mode only or GRE
   encapsulation and GRE Keys as described in this specification, the
   mobile access gateway encapsulates or decapsulates IPv6-or-IPv4
   payload packets following the rules described in [RFC5213] and
   [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] while ensuring that the GRE header is present as
   shown in Figure 7.



         [IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]

         [GRE Header]

         [payload - IPv6-or-IPv4 Header]

         Upper Layer protocols


         Figure 7: IPv6-or-IPv4 over IPv4 Using GRE Encapsulation


   On the other hand, if the mobile access gateway is located in an
   IPv4-only network where NAT has been detected on the path between the
   mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor and successfully
   negotiated GRE encapsulation and the TLV-header format, the mobile
   access gateway MUST use UDP TLV-header tunneling format when sending
   an IPv6 or IPv4 payload packet to the local mobility according to the
   format described in Figure 5.  The source and the destination of the
   IPv4 outer header are mobile node IPv4 Proxy Care-of Address , IPv4-
   Proxy-CoA, and the IPv4 Local Mobility Anchor Address, IPv4-LMAA,



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 19]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   respectively.  In addition the source and the destination IP
   addresses of the IPv6-or-IPv4 payload data packet are the Mobile
   Node's IPv6 or IPv4 Home Address, IPv6/IPv4-MN-HoA, and the IPv6 or
   IPv4 Corresponding Node's Address, IPv6/IPv4-CN-Addr, respectively.


7.4.  Local Mobility Anchor Operation

   When the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update
   encapsulated in UDP and containing the IPv4 home address option, it
   needs to follow all the steps in [RFC5213] and [ID-PMIP6-IPv4].  In
   addition, if the TLV-header Format (T) flag is set in the Proxy
   Binding Update, the local mobility anchor needs to determine whether
   it can accept the TLV-header UDP based encapsulation format.  If it
   does, it SHOULD set the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy
   Binding Acknowledgement.  Otherwise, the local mobility anchor MUST
   NOT set the TLV-header Format (T) flag in the Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement.


   If the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update with the
   GRE Key option and TLV-header Format (T) flag set and based on a
   policy check, the local mobility anchor determines that GRE
   encapsulation is required and the local mobility anchor supports TLV-
   header tunneling and the local mobility anchor sent a successful
   Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with the TLV-header Format (T) flag
   set, the local mobility anchor MUST update the mobile node's Binding
   Cache entry described in Section 5.1 by setting the GRE encapsulation
   enabled flag and update the uplink and downlink GRE key fields.  In
   addition, the local mobility anchor MUST set the UDP based TLV-Header
   format flag.


   If the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update with the
   GRE Key option and TLV-header Format (T) flag set and based on a
   policy check, the local mobility anchor determines that GRE
   encapsulation is required BUT the local mobility anchor does NOT
   support TLV-header tunneling and if Proxy Binding Update has been
   successfully processed, the local mobility anchor MUST send a
   successful Proxy Binding Acknowledgement with the status code <GRE
   TUNNELING BUT TLV-HEADER NOT SUPPORTED>.  This way, the local
   mobility anchor indicates to the mobile access gateway that GRE
   encapsulation has been successfully negotiated BUT TLV-header UDP
   based tunneling format is not supported.  In this case, the local
   mobility anchor MUST update the mobile node BCE described in
   Section 5.1 by setting the GRE encapsulation enabled flag and update
   the uplink and downlink GRE key fields.  In this case, the local
   mobility anchor MUST set the UDP based TLV-Header format flag to



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 20]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   FALSE.


   If the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway have
   successfully negotiated the TLV-header UDP based tunneling format and
   the GRE encapsulation for a specific mobility session, the local
   mobility anchor processes data packets as described in the following
   subsection.


7.4.1.  Sending and Receiving Data Packets

   The local mobility anchor may use GRE encapsulation for tunneling
   IPv6 or IPv4 payload data packet to the mobile access gateway.  If
   the local mobility anchor has successfully negotiated GRE
   encapsulation with the mobile access gateway for a specific mobility
   session, the local mobility anchor encapsulates and decapsulates
   IPv6-or-IPv4 payload data packets following the rules described in
   [RFC5213] and [ID-PMIP6-IPv4] while ensuring that the GRE header is
   present as shown in Figure 7.


   In the case when TLV-tunneling format and the GRE encapsulation for a
   specific mobility session have been successfully negotiated between
   the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway, the local
   mobility anchor follows the TLV-header UDP based tunneling format and
   headers order as shown in Figure 5 to encapsulate IPv4 or IPv6
   payload packets in IPv4 before sending the IPv4 packet to the mobile
   access gateway.  In this case, the source and the destination of the
   IPv4 outer header are IPv4-LMAA and IPv4-Proxy-CoA, respectively.  In
   addition the source and the destination IP addresses of the IPv6-or-
   IPv4 payload data packet are IPv6/IPv4-CN-Addr and IPv6/IPv4-MN-HoA,
   respectively.  On the other hand, the local mobility anchor ensures
   the same TLV-header UDP based tunneling format and headers order when
   it decapsulates received IPv4 packets from the mobile access gateway
   for the same mobility session.



8.  IANA Considerations

   This specification defines a new Mobility Option, the GRE Key Option,
   described in Section 6.1.  This option is carried in the Mobility
   Header.  The type value for this option needs to be assigned from the
   same numbering space as allocated for the other mobility options
   defined in the Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC3775].

   This specification also defines three new Binding Acknowledgement



Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 21]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


   status codes as described in Section 6.4 and requests that these
   three codes be allocated with numeric values as specified in
   Section 6.4 from the "Status Codes" registry of the Mobility IPv6
   Parameters located at
   http://www.iana.org/assignments/mobility-parameters.


9.  Security Considerations

   The GRE Key Option, defined in this specification, that can be
   carried in Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   messages, reveals the group affiliation of a mobile node identified
   by its Network Access Identifier (NAI) or an IP address.  It may help
   an attacker in targeting flows belonging to a specific group.  This
   vulnerability can be prevented, by enabling confidentiality
   protection on the Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement messages where the presence of the NAI and GRE Key
   Options establish a mobile node's relation to a specific group.  This
   vulnerability can also be avoided by enabling confidentiality
   protection on all the tunneled data packets between the mobile access
   gateway and the local mobility anchor, for hiding all the markings.

   In Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC5213], the use of IPsec [RFC4301] for
   protecting a mobile node's data traffic is optional.  Additionally,
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 recommends the use of Encapsulating Security
   Payload (ESP) [RFC4303] in tunnel mode when using ESP in protecting
   the mobile node's data traffic.  However, when GRE encapsulation is
   used, both IPsec tunnel mode and transport mode can be used to
   protect the GRE header.  The IPsec traffic selectors will contain the
   protocol number for GRE, and there is currently no mechanism to use
   the GRE key as a traffic selector.


10.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Alessio Casati, Barney Barnowski,
   Mark Grayson and Parviz Yegani for their input on the need for this
   option.  The authors would like to thank Charlie Perkins, Curtis
   Provost, Irfan Ali, Jouni Korhonen, Julien Laganier, Kuntal
   Chowdhury, Suresh Krishnan, and Vijay Devarapalli for their review
   and comments.


11.  References







Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 22]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


11.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

   [RFC2003]  Perkins, C., "IP Encapsulation within IP", RFC 2003,
              October 1996.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC2473]  Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
              IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998.

   [RFC2784]  Farinacci, D., Li, T., Hanks, S., Meyer, D., and P.
              Traina, "Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)", RFC 2784,
              March 2000.

   [RFC2890]  Dommety, G., "Key and Sequence Number Extensions to GRE",
              RFC 2890, September 2000.

   [RFC3775]  Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko, "Mobility Support
              in IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.

   [RFC5213]  Gundavelli, S., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V., Chowdhury, K.,
              and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213, August 2008.

   [ID-PMIP6-IPv4]
              Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy
              Mobile IPv6", draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-12
              (work in progress), April 2009.


11.2.  Informative References

   [RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
              Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.

   [RFC4303]  Kent, S., "IP Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)",
              RFC 4303, December 2005.

   [ID-MCoA]  Wakikawa, R., Devarapalli, V., Ernst, T., and K. Nagami,
              "Multiple Care-of Addresses Registration",
              draft-ietf-monami6-multiplecoa-13 (work in progress),
              April 2009.





Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 23]


Internet-Draft       GRE Key Option for Proxy MIPv6           April 2009


Authors' Addresses

   Ahmad Muhanna
   Nortel
   2221 Lakeside Blvd.
   Richardson, TX  75082
   USA

   Email: amuhanna@nortel.com


   Mohamed Khalil
   Nortel
   2221 Lakeside Blvd.
   Richardson, TX  75082
   USA

   Email: mkhalil@nortel.com


   Sri Gundavelli
   Cisco Systems
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: sgundave@cisco.com


   Kent Leung
   Cisco Systems
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: kleung@cisco.com















Muhanna, et al.         Expires October 28, 2009               [Page 24]