NETLMM Working Group R. Wakikawa
Internet-Draft Toyota ITC
Intended status: Standards Track S. Gundavelli
Expires: March 16, 2010 Cisco
September 12, 2009
IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6
draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-17.txt
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Abstract
This document specifies extensions to Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol for
adding IPv4 protocol support. The scope of IPv4 protocol support is
two-fold: 1) enable IPv4 home address mobility support to the mobile
node. 2) allowing the mobility entities in the Proxy Mobile IPv6
domain to exchange signaling messages over an IPv4 transport network.
Table of Contents
1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.1. Stated Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2. Relevance to Dual-Stack Mobile IPv6 . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Conventions & Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.1. Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3. IPv4 Home Address Mobility Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.1. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.1. Extensions to Binding Cache Entry . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.2. Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1.3. Routing Considerations for the Local Mobility
Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.1.4. ECN & Payload Fragmentation Considerations . . . . . . 18
3.2. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.1. Extensions to Binding Update List Entry . . . . . . . 18
3.2.2. Extensions to Mobile Node's Policy Profile . . . . . . 18
3.2.3. Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.2.4. Routing Considerations for the Mobile Access
Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3. Mobility Options and Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3.1. IPv4 Home Address Request Option . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3.3.2. IPv4 Home Address Reply Option . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3.3. IPv4 Default-Router Address Option . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3.4. IPv4 DHCP Support Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3.5. Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.4. Supporting DHCP-Based Address Configuration . . . . . . . 29
3.4.1. DHCP Server co-located with the Mobile Access
Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3.4.2. DHCP Relay Agent co-located with the Mobile Access
Gateway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.4.3. Common DHCP Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4. IPv4 Transport Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1.1. Extensions to Binding Cache Entry . . . . . . . . . . 39
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4.1.2. Extensions to Mobile Node's Policy Profile . . . . . . 40
4.1.3. Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1.4. Routing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.2. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.2.1. Extensions to Binding Update List Entry . . . . . . . 44
4.2.2. Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.3. IPsec Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.3.1. PBU and PBA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4.3.2. Payload Packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5. Protocol Configuration Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1. Local Mobility Anchor - Configuration Variables . . . . . 54
5.2. Mobile Access Gateway - Configuration Variables . . . . . 54
6. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
7. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
8. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
9. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
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1. Overview
The transition from IPv4 to IPv6 is a long process and during this
period of transition, both the protocols will be enabled over the
same network infrastructure. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that a
mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain may operate in an IPv4-only
IPv6-only or in dual-stack mode and additionally the network between
the mobile access gateway and a local mobility anchor may be an IPv4
or an IPv6 network. It is also reasonable to expect the same
mobility infrastructure in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain to provide
mobility to the mobile nodes operating in IPv4, IPv6 or in dual mode
and whether the transport network is IPv4 or IPv6 network. The
motivation and scope of IPv4 support in Mobile IPv6 is summarized in
[RFC-4977] and all those requirements apply to Proxy Mobile IPv6
protocol as well.
The Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol [RFC-5213] specifies a mechanism for
providing IPv6 home address mobility support to a mobile node in a
Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. The protocol requires IPv6 transport
network between the mobility entities. The extensions defined in
this document extends IPv4 support to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol
[RFC-5213].
The scope of IPv4 support in Proxy Mobile IPv6 includes the support
for the following two features:
o IPv4 Home Address Mobility Support: A mobile node that has an IPv4
stack enabled will be able to obtain an IPv4 address and be able
to use that address from any of the access networks in that Proxy
Mobile IPv6 domain. The mobile node is not required to be
allocated or assigned an IPv6 address to enable IPv4 home address
support.
o IPv4 Transport Network Support: The mobility entities in the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 domain will be able to exchange Proxy Mobile IPv6
signaling messages over an IPv4 transport and furthermore the
mobile access gateway may be using an IPv4 private address and
with NAT [RFC-3022] translation devices on the path to the local
mobility anchor.
These two features, the IPv4 Home Address Mobility support and the
IPv4 transport support features, are independent of each other and
deployments may choose to enable any one or both of these features as
required.
Figure-1 shows a typical Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain with IPv4 transport
network and with IPv4 enabled mobile nodes. The terms used in this
illustration are explained in the Terminology section.
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+----+ +----+
|LMA1| |LMA2|
+----+ +----+
IPv4-LMAA -> | IPv4-LMAA-> | <-- LMAA
| |
\\ //\\
(NAT) // \\
\\ // \\
+---\\------------- //------\\----+
( \\ IPv4/IPv6 // \\ )
( \\ Network // \\ )
+------\\--------//------------\\-+
\\ // \\
\\ // \\
\\ // \\
IPv4-Proxy-CoA --> | | <-- Proxy-CoA
+----+ +----+
|MAG1|-----{MN2} |MAG2|
+----+ | +----+
(MN-HoA) | | | <-- (MN-HoA)
(IPv4-MN-HoA) --> | (IPv4-MN-HoA) | <-- (IPv4-MN-HoA)
{MN1} {MN3}
Figure 1: IPv4 support for Proxy Mobile IPv6
1.1. Stated Assumptions
The following are the system and configuration requirements from the
mobility entities in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain for supporting the
extensions defined in this document.
o Both the mobility entities, the local mobility anchor and the
mobile access gateway are dual stack (IPv4/IPv6) enabled.
Irrespective of the type of transport network (IPv4 or IPv6)
separating these two entities, the mobility signaling is always
based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC-5213].
o The local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway MUST be
configured with IPv6 globally unique addresses. Or, they must be
at least unique within that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. These
addresses can be of the type, Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Address
[RFC-4193], IPv6 Global Unicast Address [RFC-3587], or IPv4-mapped
IPv6 address [RFC-4291]. When using IPv4 transport, it is not
required that there is IPv6 routing enabled between the local
mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway. However, they must
be able to receive any IPv6 packets sent to the configured IPv6
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addresses, after removing the outer IPv4 encapsulation header.
o The mobile node can be operating in IPv4-only, IPv6-only or in
dual mode. Based on what is enabled for a mobile node, it should
be able to obtain IPv4-only, IPv6-only or both IPv4 and IPv6
address(es) for its interface and furthermore achieve mobility
support for those addresses.
o For enabling IPv4 home address mobility support to a mobile node,
it is not required that the IPv6 home address mobility support
needs to enabled. However, the respective protocol(s) support,
such as IPv4 or IPv6 packet forwarding, must be enabled on the
access link between the mobile node and the mobile access gateway.
o The mobile node can obtain an IPv4 address for its attached
interface. Based on the type of link, it may be able to acquire
its IPv4 address configuration using standard IPv4 address
configuration mechanisms such as DHCP [RFC-2131], IPCP [RFC-1332],
IKEv2 [RFC-4306] or static address configuration. However, the
details on how IPCP or IKEv2 can be used for address delivery is
outside the scope of this document.
o The mobile node's IPv4 home subnet is typically a shared address
space. It is not for the exclusive use of any one mobile node.
There can be multiple mobile nodes that are assigned IPv4
addresses from the same subnet.
o The mobile access gateway is the IPv4 default router for the
mobile node on its access link. It will be in the forwarding path
for the mobile node's data traffic. Additionally, as specified in
section 6.9.3 of [RFC-5213], all the mobile access gateways in the
Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain MUST use the same link-layer address on
any of the access links wherever the mobile node attaches.
1.2. Relevance to Dual-Stack Mobile IPv6
IPv4 support for Mobile IPv6 is specified in Dual-Stack Mobile IPv6
specification [RFC-5555]. This document to most part leverages the
approaches, messaging options and processing logic defined in that
document for extending IPv4 support to Proxy Mobile IPv6, except with
deviation in some aspects for obvious reasons of supporting a
network-based mobility model. Following are some of the related
considerations.
o The messaging option, IPv4 Care-of Address option defined in [RFC-
5555] for use in Binding Update and Binding Acknowledgement
messages are used by this specification to be carried in Proxy
Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement messages.
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o The extensions needed to the conceptual data structures, Binding
Cache entry and Binding Update List entry, for storing the state
related to the IPv4 support defined in [RFC-5555], will all be
needed and relevant for this document.
o The NAT traversal logic specified in [RFC-5555] for detecting the
on-path NAT devices is valid for this specification as well.
o The tunneling considerations specified in [RFC-5555] for
supporting IPv4 transport is relevant for this document as well.
If a given home agent [RFC-3775] implementation has support for both
Dual-stack Mobile IPv6 [RFC-5555] and local mobility anchor function
[RFC-5213], when extending IPv4 support as specified in this document
the above common functions and the related considerations have to be
reused for Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling flows.
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2. Conventions & Terminology
2.1. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC-2119].
2.2. Terminology
All the mobility related terms used in this document are to be
interpreted as defined in the Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC-3775]
and Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC-5213]. In addition this
document introduces the following terms.
IPv4 Proxy Care-of Address (IPv4-Proxy-CoA)
The IPv4 address that is configured on the egress-interface of the
mobile access gateway. When using IPv4 transport, this address
will be the registered care-of address in the mobile node's
Binding Cache entry and will also be the transport-endpoint of the
tunnel between the local mobility anchor and a mobile access
gateway. However, if the configured address is a private IPv4
address and with a NAT device in the path to the local mobility
anchor, the care-of address as seen by the local mobility anchor
will be the address allocated by the NAT device for that flow.
IPv4 Local Mobility Anchor Address (IPv4-LMAA)
The IPv4 address that is configured on the egress-interface of the
local mobility anchor. When using IPv4 transport, the mobile
access gateway sends the Proxy Binding Update messages to this
address and will be the transport-endpoint of the tunnel between
the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.
Mobile Node's IPv4 Home Address (IPv4-MN-HoA)
The IPv4 home address assigned to the mobile node's attached
interface. This address is topologically anchored at the mobile
node's local mobility anchor. The mobile node configures this
address on its attached interface. If the mobile node connects to
the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain via multiple interfaces each of the
interfaces are assigned a unique IPv4 address. All the IPv6 home
network prefixes and the IPv4 home address assigned to a given
interface of a mobile node will be managed under one mobility
session.
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Selective De-registration
A procedure for partial de-registration of all the addresses that
belong to one address family, i.e., de-registration of either IPv4
home address, or all of the IPv6 home network prefixes.
Encapsulation Modes
This document uses the following terms when referring to the
different encapsulation modes.
IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv6
IPv4 or IPv6 packet carried as a payload of an IPv6 packet
IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv4
IPv4 or IPv6 packet carried as a payload of an IPv4 packet
IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv4-UDP
IPv4 or IPv6 packet carried as a payload in an IPv4 packet with
a UDP header
IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv4-UDP-TLV
IPv4 packet carried as a payload in an IPv4 packet with UDP and
TLV headers
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3. IPv4 Home Address Mobility Support
The IPv4 home address mobility support essentially enables a mobile
node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain to obtain IPv4 home address
configuration for its attached interfaces and be able to retain that
address configuration even after performing an handoff anywhere
within that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. This section describes the
protocol operation and the required extensions to Proxy Mobile IPv6
protocol for extending IPv4 home address mobility support.
When an IPv4-enabled or a dual-stack enabled mobile node attaches to
the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, the mobile access gateway on the access
link where the mobile node is attached will identify the mobile node
and will initiate the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling with the mobile
node's local mobility anchor. The mobile access gateway will follow
the signaling considerations specified in Section 3.2 for requesting
IPv4 home address mobility support. Upon the completion of the
signaling, the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway
will establish the required routing states for allowing the mobile
node to use its IPv4 home address from its current point of
attachment.
The mobile node on the access link using any of the standard IPv4
address configuration mechanisms supported on that access link, such
as IPCP [RFC-1332], IKEv2 [RFC-4306] or DHCP [RFC-2131], will be able
to obtain an IPv4 home address (IPv4-MN-HoA) for its attached
interface. Although the address configuration mechanisms for
delivering the address configuration to the mobile node is
independent of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol operation, however
there needs to be some interactions between these two protocol flows.
Section 3.4 identifies these interactions for supporting DHCP based
address configuration.
The support for IPv4 home address mobility is not dependent on the
IPv6 home address mobility support. It is not required that the IPv6
home address mobility support needs to be enabled for providing IPv4
home address mobility support. A mobile node will be able to obtain
IPv4-only, IPv6-only or dual IPv4/IPv6 address configuration for its
attached interface. The mobile node's policy profile will determine
if the mobile node is entitled for both the protocol versions or a
single protocol version. Based on the policy, only those protocols
will be enabled on the access link. Furthermore, if the mobile node
after obtaining the address configuration on its interface performs
an handoff, either by changing its point of attachment over the same
interface or to a different interface, the network will ensure the
mobile node will be able to use the same IPv4 address configuration
after the handoff.
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Additionally, If the mobile node connects to the Proxy Mobile IPv6
domain, through multiple interfaces and simultaneously through
different access networks, each of the connected interfaces will
obtain an IPv4 home address from different subnets. In such
scenario, there will be multiple Binding Cache entries for the mobile
node on the local mobility anchor. All the address (IPv4/IPv6)
assigned to a given interface will be managed as part of one mobility
session, as specified in Section 5.4 of [RFC-5213].
3.1. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations
3.1.1. Extensions to Binding Cache Entry
To support this feature, the conceptual Binding Cache entry data
structure maintained by the local mobility anchor needs to include
the following parameters.
o The IPv4 home address assigned to the mobile node's interface and
registered by the mobile access gateway. The IPv4 home address
entry also includes the corresponding subnet mask. It is to be
noted that this parameter is defined in the [RFC-5555] and is
presented here for completeness.
o The IPv4 default router address assigned to the mobile node.
3.1.2. Signaling Considerations
3.1.2.1. Processing Proxy Binding Updates
The processing rules specified in Section 5.3 of [RFC-5213] are
applied for processing the received Proxy Binding Update message.
However, if the received Proxy Binding Update message has an IPv4
Home Address Request option, the following considerations MUST be
applied additionally.
o If there is an IPv4 Home Address Request option present in the
received Proxy Binding Update message, but if there is no Home
Network Prefix option [RFC-5213] present in the request, the local
mobility anchor MUST NOT reject the request as specified in
Section 5.3.1 of [RFC-5213]. At least one instance of any of
these two options, either the IPv4 Home Address Request option or
the Home Network Prefix option, MUST be present. If there is not
a single instance of any of these two options present in the
request, the local mobility anchor MUST reject the request and
send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set
to MISSING_HOME_NETWORK_PREFIX_OPTION (Missing mobile node's home
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network prefix option) [RFC-5213].
o If there is at least one instance of Home Network Prefix option
[RFC-5213] present in the received Proxy Binding Update message,
but either if it is known from the mobile node's policy profile
that the mobile node is not authorized for IPv6 service or if IPv6
routing not enabled in the home network, the local mobility anchor
MUST reject the request and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
message with the Status field set to
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV6_MOBILITY_SERVICE (mobile node not
authorized for IPv6 mobility service).
o If there is an IPv4 Home Address Request option present in the
received Proxy Binding Update message, but either if it is known
from the mobile node's policy profile that the mobile node is not
authorized for IPv4 service or if IPv4 routing not enabled in the
home network, the local mobility anchor MUST reject the request
and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with the Status
field set to NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_MOBILITY_SERVICE (mobile node
not authorized for IPv4 mobility service).
o If there are more than one instance of the IPv4 Home Address
Request option present in the request, then the local mobility
anchor MUST reject the request and send a Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message with the Status field set to
MULTIPLE_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS_ASSIGNMENT_NOT_SUPPORTED (multiple IPv4
home address assignment not supported).
o For associating the received Proxy Binding Update message to an
existing mobility session, the local mobility anchor MUST perform
the Binding Cache entry existence test by applying the following
considerations.
* If there is at least one instance of the Home Network Prefix
option [RFC-5213] with a NON_ZERO prefix value, or, if there is
an IPv4 Home Address Request option with the IPv4 address in
the option set to ALL_ZERO, considerations from Section 5.4.1
of [RFC-5213] MUST be applied.
* If there is an IPv4 Home Address Request option present in the
request with the IPv4 address value in the option set to a
NON_ZERO value, considerations from Section 3.1.2.7 MUST be
applied.
o If there is no existing Binding Cache entry that can be associated
with the request, the local mobility anchor MUST consider this
request as an initial binding registration request and
considerations from Section 3.1.2.2 MUST be applied.
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Additionally, if there are one or more Home Network Prefix options
[RFC-5213] present in the request, considerations from Section
5.3.2 of [RFC-5213] MUST also be applied.
o If there exists a Binding Cache entry that can be associated with
the request, the local mobility anchor MUST apply considerations
from Section 5.3.1 of [RFC-5213], (point 13), to determine if the
request is re-registration or a de-registration request. If the
request is a re-registration request, considerations from Section
3.1.2.3 MUST be applied and if it is a de-registration request,
considerations from Section 3.1.2.5 MUST be applied.
o If there exists a Binding Cache entry that can be associated with
the request and if it is determined that the request is a re-
registration request for extending IPv4 home address mobility
support to the existing IPv6-only mobility session, considerations
from Section 3.1.2.2 MUST be applied with respect to IPv4 support.
3.1.2.2. Initial Binding Registration (New Mobility Session)
o If there is an IPv4 Home Address Request option present in the
Proxy Binding Update message with the IPv4 address value in the
option set to ALL_ZERO, the local mobility anchor MUST allocate an
IPv4 home address to the mobile node and associate it with the new
mobility session created for that mobile node.
o If there is an IPv4 Home Address Request option with the IPv4
address in the option set to a NON_ZERO value, the local mobility
anchor before accepting the request MUST ensure the address is
topologically anchored on the local mobility anchor and
furthermore the mobile node is authorized to use that address. If
the mobile node is not authorized for that specific address, the
local mobility anchor MUST reject the request and send a Proxy
Binding Acknowledgement message with the Status field set to
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS (mobile node not authorized
for the requesting IPv4 address). It MUST also include the IPv4
Home Address Reply option in the reply with the status field value
in the option set to 129 (Administratively prohibited).
o If the local mobility anchor is unable to allocate an IPv4 address
due to lack of resources, it MUST reject the request and send a
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 130
(Insufficient resources). It MUST also include the IPv4 Home
Address Reply option in the reply with the status field value in
the option set to 128 (Failure, reason unspecified).
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o Upon accepting the request, the local mobility anchor MUST create
a Binding Cache entry for this mobility session. However, if the
request also contains one or more Home Network Prefix options
[RFC-5213], there should still be only one Binding Cache entry
that should be created for this mobility session. The created
Binding Cache entry MUST be used for managing both IPv4 and IPv6
home address bindings. The fields in the Binding Cache entry MUST
be updated with the accepted values for that session.
o The local mobility anchor MUST establish a bi-directional tunnel
to the mobile access gateway and with the encapsulation mode set
to the negotiated mode for carrying the IPv4 payload traffic.
When using IPv6 transport, the encapsulation mode is IPv4-or-IPv6-
over-IPv6 (IPv4 or IPv6 packet carried as a payload of an IPv6
packet). When using IPv4 transport, the encapsulation mode is as
specified in Section 4.0.
o The local mobility anchor MUST create an IPv4 host route (or a
platform specific equivalent function that sets up the forwarding)
for tunneling the packets received for the mobile node's home
address associated with this mobility session.
o The local mobility anchor MUST send the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message with the Status field set to 0 (Proxy
Binding Update Accepted). The message MUST be constructed as
specified in Section 3.1.2.6.
3.1.2.3. Binding Lifetime Extension (No handoff)
All the considerations from Section 5.3.3 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
applied.
3.1.2.4. Binding Lifetime Extension (After handoff)
o If there is no Home Network Prefix option(s) [RFC-5213] present in
the request, but if the Binding Cache entry associated with this
request has IPv6 home network prefix(es), the local mobility
anchor MUST consider this as a request to extend lifetime only for
the IPv4 home address and not for the IPv6 home network
prefix(es). Hence, the local mobility anchor SHOULD release all
the IPv6 home network prefix(es) assigned to that mobile node and
for that specific attached interface. Similar considerations
apply for the case where there is no IPv4 Home Address Request
option present in the request, but if the Binding Cache entry
associated with that request has both IPv4 home address and IPv6
home network prefix(es).
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o The local mobility anchor MUST remove the previously created IPv4
host route (or the forwarding state) and the dynamically created
bi-directional tunnel for carrying the IPv4 payload traffic (if
there are no other mobile nodes for which the tunnel is being
used). This will remove the routing state towards the mobile
access gateway where the mobile node was anchored prior to the
handoff.
o The local mobility anchor MUST create a bi-directional tunnel to
the mobile access gateway that sent the request (if there is no
existing bi-directional tunnel) and with the encapsulation mode
set to the negotiated mode for carrying the IPv4 payload traffic.
An IPv4 host route for tunneling the packets received for the
mobile node's IPv4 home address MUST also be added.
o The required forwarding state identified in Section 5.3.6 of [RFC-
5213] is for IPv6 payload traffic. Those considerations apply for
IPv4 payload traffic as well. However, if IPv4 transport is in
use, considerations from Section 4.0 MUST be applied.
3.1.2.5. Binding De-Registration
All the considerations from Section 5.3.5 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
applied. Additionally, for removing the IPv4 state as part of the
Binding Cache entry deletion, the IPv4 host route and the dynamically
created bi-directional tunnel for carrying the IPv4 payload traffic
(if there are no other mobile nodes for which the tunnel is being
used) MUST be removed. However, if the request is for a selective
de-registration (IPv4 home address only, or all the IPv6 home network
prefixes), the Binding Cache entry MUST NOT be deleted, only the
respective states with respect to those addresses MUST be deleted.
3.1.2.6. Constructing the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message
The local mobility anchor when sending the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message to the mobile access gateway MUST construct
the message as specified in Section 5.3.6 of [RFC-5213].
Additionally, the following considerations MUST be applied.
o Section 5.3.6 of [RFC-5213] requires the local mobility anchor to
include at least one instance of Home Network Prefix option [RFC-
5213] in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message that it sends
to the mobile access gateway. However, if the received Proxy
Binding Update message has only the IPv4 Home Address Request
option and did not contain the Home Network Prefix option(s), then
the local mobility anchor MUST NOT include any Home Network Prefix
option(s) in the reply. However, there MUST be at least one
instance of either the Home Network Prefix option [RFC-5213] or
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the IPv4 Home Address Reply option present in the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message.
o The IPv4 Home Address Reply option MUST be present in the Proxy
Binding Acknowledgement message.
1. If the Status field is set to a value greater than or equal to
(128), i.e., if the Proxy Binding Update is rejected, then
there MUST be an IPv4 Home Address Reply option corresponding
to the IPv4 Home Address Request option present in the request
and with the IPv4 address value and the prefix length fields
in the option set to the corresponding values in the request.
The status field value in the option must be set to the
specific error code.
2. For all other cases, there MUST be an IPv4 Home Address Reply
option for carrying the IPv4 home address assigned for that
mobility session and with the value in the option set to the
allocated IPv4 address. The prefix length in the option MUST
be set to the prefix length of the allocated address. The
status field value in the option must be set to 0 (Success).
o The IPv4 Default-Router Address option MUST be present, if the
Status field value in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message is
set to 0 (Proxy Binding Update Accepted). Otherwise, the option
MUST NOT be present. If the option is present, the default router
address in the option MUST be set to the mobile node's default
router address.
3.1.2.7. Binding Cache Entry Lookup Considerations
The Binding Cache entry lookup considerations specified in section
5.4.1.1 of [RFC-5213] uses the Home Network Prefix option [RFC-5213]
as the key parameter for identifying the Binding Cache entry.
However, when there is not a single Home Network Prefix option with a
NON_ZERO value present in the request, but if there is an IPv4 Home
Address option with a NON_ZERO value present in the request, then the
following considerations MUST be applied.
o The search rules specified in section 5.4.1.1 of [RFC-5213], which
primarily uses IPv6 home network prefix set as the search key, are
equally valid when using a single IPv4 home address as the key.
When applying those considerations, instead of the IPv6 home
network prefix(es), the IPv4 home address from the IPv4 Home
Address option present in the request MUST be used as the search
key.
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o These rules specified in section 5.4.1.1 of [RFC-5213], assume the
presence of one or more IPv6 home network prefixes in the received
request and also in the Binding Cache entry. But, when using the
IPv4 home address as the search key, these considerations MUST
always assume just one single IPv4 home address, both in the
request and also in the Binding Cache entry.
3.1.3. Routing Considerations for the Local Mobility Anchor
Intercepting Packets Sent to the Mobile Node's IPv4 home address:
o When the local mobility anchor is serving a mobile node, it MUST
advertise a connected route in to the Routing Infrastructure for
the mobile node's IPv4 home address or for its home subnet, in
order to receive packets that are sent to the mobile node's IPv4
home address. This essentially enables IPv4 routers in that
network to detect the local mobility anchor as the last-hop router
for that subnet.
Forwarding Packets to the Mobile Node:
o On receiving a packet from a correspondent node with the
destination address matching the mobile node's IPv4 home address,
the local mobility anchor MUST forward the packet through the bi-
directional tunnel setup for that mobile node.
o The format of the tunneled packet when payload protection is not
enabled:
IPv6 header (src= LMAA, dst= Proxy-CoA /* Tunnel Header */
IPv4 header (src= CN, dst= IPv4-MN-HOA ) /* Packet Header */
Upper layer protocols /* Packet Content*/
Figure 2: Tunneled Packets from LMA to MAG
Forwarding Packets Sent by the Mobile Node:
o All the reverse tunneled packets that the local mobility anchor
receives from the mobile access gateway, after removing the tunnel
header MUST be routed to the destination specified in the inner
IPv4 packet header. These routed packets will have the source
address field set to the mobile node's IPv4 home address.
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3.1.4. ECN & Payload Fragmentation Considerations
The ECN considerations specified in Section 5.6.3 of [RFC-5213] apply
for the IPv4 payload packets as well. The mobility agents at the
tunnel entry and exit points MUST handle ECN information as specified
in that document.
The mobility agents at the tunnel entry and exit points MUST apply
the IP packet fragmentation considerations as specified in section 7
of [RFC-2473] and additionally they MUST apply the considerations
related to tunnel error processing and reporting as specified in
section 8 of [RFC-2473].
3.2. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations
3.2.1. Extensions to Binding Update List Entry
To support the IPv4 home address mobility feature, the conceptual
Binding Update List entry data structure needs to be extended with
the following additional fields.
o The IPv4 home address assigned to the mobile node's attached
interface. This IPv4 home address may have been statically
configured in the mobile node's policy profile, or, may have been
dynamically allocated by the local mobility anchor. The IPv4 home
address entry also includes the corresponding subnet mask.
o The IPv4 default router address of the mobile node. This is
acquired from the mobile node's local mobility anchor through the
received Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message.
3.2.2. Extensions to Mobile Node's Policy Profile
To support the IPv4 Home Address Mobility Support feature the mobile
node's policy profile, specified in Section 6.2 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
extended with the following additional fields.
Extensions to the mandatory section of the policy profile:
o This field identifies all the IP protocol versions for which the
home address mobility support needs to be extended to the mobile
node. The supported modes are IPv4-only, IPv6-only and dual IPv4/
IPv6.
Extensions to the optional section of the policy profile:
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o The IPv4 home address assigned to the mobile node's attached
interface. The specific details on how the network maintains the
association between the address and the attached interface is
outside the scope of this document. This address field also
includes the corresponding subnet mask.
3.2.3. Signaling Considerations
3.2.3.1. Mobile Node Attachment and Initial Binding Registration
After detecting a new mobile node on its access link, the mobile
access gateway on the access link MUST determine if IPv4 home address
mobility support needs to be enabled for that mobile node. The
mobile node's policy profile identifies the supported modes (IPv4-
only, IPv6-only or dual IPv4/IPv6) for that mobile node for which the
mobile service needs to be enabled. Based on those policy
considerations and from other triggers such as from the network, if
it is determined that IPv4 home address mobility support needs to be
enabled for the mobile node, considerations from section 6.9.1.1 of
[RFC-5213] MUST be applied with the following exceptions.
o The IPv4 Home Address Request option MUST be present in the Proxy
Binding Update message.
* If the mobile access gateway learns the mobile node's IPv4 home
address either from its policy profile, or from other means,
the mobile access gateway MAY ask the local mobility anchor to
allocate that specific address by including exactly one
instance of the IPv4 Home Address Request option with the IPv4
home address and the prefix length fields in the option set to
that specific address and its prefix length.
* The mobile access gateway MAY also ask the local mobility
anchor for dynamic IPv4 home address allocation. It can
include exactly one instance of the IPv4 Home Address option
with the IPv4 home address and the prefix length fields in the
option set to ALL_ZERO value. Furthermore, the (P) flag in the
option MUST be set to 0. This essentially serves as a request
to the local mobility anchor for the IPv4 home address
allocation.
o The Proxy Binding Update message MUST be constructed as specified
in Section 6.9.1.5 of [RFC-5213]. However, the Home Network
Prefix option(s) [RFC-5213] MUST be present in the Proxy Binding
Update only if IPv6 home address mobility support also needs to be
enabled for the mobile node. Otherwise, the Home Network Prefix
option(s) MUST NOT be present.
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o When using IPv4 transport for carrying the signaling messages, the
related considerations from section 4.0 MUST be applied
additionally.
3.2.3.2. Receiving Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
All the considerations from section 6.9.1.2 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
applied with the following exceptions.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value set to NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_MOBILITY_SERVICE
(The mobile node is not authorized for IPv4 mobility service), the
mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT send a Proxy Binding Update
message including a IPv4 Home Address Request option till an
administrative action is taken.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value set to NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS(The
mobile node is not authorized for the requesting IPv4 home
address), the mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT request for the
same IPv4 address again, but MAY request the local mobility anchor
to perform the address assignment by including exactly one
instance of IPv4 Home Address Request option with the IPv4 home
address and the prefix length fields in the option set to ALL_ZERO
value.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value set to NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV6_MOBILITY_SERVICE
(The mobile node is not authorized for IPv6 mobility service), the
mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT send a Proxy Binding Update
message including any Home Network Prefix option(s) till an
administrative action is taken.
o If there is no IPv4 Home Address Reply option present in the
received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message, the mobile access
gateway MUST NOT enable IPv4 support for the mobile node and the
rest of the considerations from this section can be skipped.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value in the IPv4 Home Address Reply option set to a
value that indicates that the request was rejected by the local
mobility anchor, the mobile access gateway MUST NOT enable
forwarding for that specific IPv4 home address.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value set to 0 (Proxy Binding Update accepted), the
mobile access gateway MUST update a Binding Update List entry for
that mobile node. The entry MUST be updated with the assigned
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IPv4 home address and other accepted registration values.
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
Status field value set to 0 (Proxy Binding Update accepted) and
has the IPv4 Home Address Reply option set to a value that
indicates that the request was accepted by the local mobility
anchor, the mobile access gateway MUST establish a bi-directional
tunnel to the local mobility anchor (if there is no existing bi-
directional tunnel to that local mobility anchor) and with the
encapsulation mode set to IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv6 (IPv4 or IPv6
packet carried as a payload of an IPv6 packet). Considerations
from Section 5.6.1 of [RFC-5213] MUST be applied for managing the
dynamically created bi-directional tunnel. However, when using
IPv4 transport, the encapsulation mode MUST be set to the
negotiated encapsulation mode, as specified in Section 4 of this
specification.
o The mobile access gateway MUST set up the route for forwarding the
IPv4 packets received from the mobile node (using its IPv4 home
address) through the bi-directional tunnel set up for that mobile
node.
o The default router address MUST be obtained from the IPv4 Default-
Router Address option present in the received Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message. The mobile access gateway SHOULD
configure this address on its interface and respond to any ARP
requests sent by the mobile node for resolving the hardware
address of the default router. However, since the link between
the mobile access gateway and the mobile node is a point-to-point
link, implementations will be able receive any packets sent to the
default router address without having to explicitly configure the
default router address on its interface. The mobile access
gateway MAY also use the default router address as the source
address for any datagrams sent to the mobile node and originated
by the mobile access gateway itself. It MUST also use this
address in the DHCP Router option [RFC-2132] in the DHCP messages.
o If there is an IPv4 DHCP Support Mode option present in the
received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message and if the (S) flag
in the option is set to a value of (1), then the mobile access
gateway MUST function as a DHCP server for the mobile node. If
either the (S) flag in the option is set to a value of (0), or if
the option is not present in the request, then the mobile access
gateway MUST function as a DHCP Relay for the mobile node.
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3.2.3.3. Binding Re-Registration and De-Registrations
When sending a Proxy Binding Update either for extending the lifetime
of a mobility session or for de-registering the mobility session, the
respective considerations from [RFC-5213] MUST be applied.
Furthermore, the following additional considerations MUST also be
applied.
o If there is an IPv4 home address assigned to the mobility session,
then there MUST be exactly one instance of the IPv4 Home Address
Request option present in the Proxy Binding Update message. The
IPv4 home address and the prefix length fields in the option MUST
be set to that specific address and its corresponding subnet-mask
length.
o If there was no IPv4 home address requested in the initial Proxy
Binding Update message, but if it is determined that the IPv4 home
address MUST be requested subsequently, then there MUST be exactly
one instance of the IPv4 Home Address Request option present in
the Proxy Binding Update message. The IPv4 home address in the
option MUST be set to either ALL_ZERO or to a specific address
that is being requested.
o For performing selective de-registration of IPv4 home address but
still retaining the mobility session with all the IPv6 home
network prefixes, the Proxy Binding Update message with the
lifetime value of (0) MUST NOT include any IPv6 Home Network
Prefix options(s) [RFC-5213]. It MUST include exactly one
instance of the IPv4 Home Address Request option with the IPv4
home address and the prefix length fields in the option set to the
IPv4 home address that is being de-registered. Similarly for
selective de-registration of all the IPv6 home network prefixes,
the Proxy Binding Update message MUST NOT include the IPv4 Home
address option, it MUST include a Home Network Prefix option for
each of the assigned home network prefixes assigned for that
mobility session and with the prefix value in the option set to
that respective prefix value.
o The Home Network Prefix option(s) [RFC-5213] MUST NOT be present
if the same option(s) was not present in the initial Proxy Binding
Update message. Otherwise considerations from [RFC-5213] with
respect to this option MUST be applied.
o If at any point the mobile access gateway fails to extend the
binding lifetime with the local mobility anchor for the mobile
node's IPv4 address, it MUST remove any forwarding state set up
for the mobile node's IPv4 home address.
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3.2.4. Routing Considerations for the Mobile Access Gateway
o On receiving a packet from the bi-directional tunnel established
with the mobile node's local mobility anchor, the mobile access
gateway MUST remove the outer header before forwarding the packet
to the mobile node.
o On receiving a packet from a mobile node connected to its access
link, the packet MUST be forwarded to the local mobility anchor
through the bi-directional tunnel established with the local
mobility anchor. However, when EnableMAGLocalRouting flag is set,
considerations from Section 6.10.3 of [RFC-5213] MUST be applied
with respect to local routing.
o When forwarding the packet through the bi-directional tunnel, the
encapsulation considerations specified in section 3.1.3 MUST be
applied. However, before forwarding the packet, the mobile access
gateway MUST ensure the source address in the received packet is
the address allocated for that mobile node and that there is an
active binding on the local mobility anchor for that mobile node.
o The mobile access gateway SHOULD use Proxy ARP [RFC-925] to reply
to ARP Requests that it receives from the mobile node seeking
address resolutions for the destinations on the mobile node's home
subnet. When receiving an ARP Request, the local mobility anchor
SHOULD examine the target IP address of the Request, and if this
IP address matches the mobile node's IPv4 home subnet, it SHOULD
transmit a Proxy ARP Reply. However, on certain types of links,
the mobile node does not use ARP for address resolutions, instead
it forwards all the packets to the mobile access gateway. On such
types of links, the mobile access gateway is not required to
support Proxy ARP function. At the same time, implementations not
supporting the Proxy ARP function on links where the mobile node
uses ARP for seeking address resolutions for the destinations on
the mobile node's home subnet will result in communication
failure.
3.3. Mobility Options and Status Codes
To support the IPv4 home address mobility feature, this specification
defines the following new options and Status Codes.
3.3.1. IPv4 Home Address Request Option
A new option, IPv4 Home Address Request Option is defined for use
with the Proxy Binding Update message sent by the mobile access
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gateway to the local mobility anchor. This option is used for
requesting IPv4 home address assignment for the mobile node.
The IPv4 Home Address Request option has an alignment requirement of
4n. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length |Prefix-len | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv4 home address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 3: IPv4 Home Address Request Option
Type
IANA
Length
8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in
octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field MUST
be set to (6).
Prefix-len
This 6-bit unsigned integer indicating the prefix length of the
IPv4 home address contained in the option.
Reserved
This 10-bit field is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
IPv4 home address
This four-byte field containing the IPv4 home address that is
being requested. The value of 0.0.0.0 is used for requesting
the local mobility anchor to perform the address allocation.
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3.3.2. IPv4 Home Address Reply Option
A new option, IPv4 Home Address Reply Option is defined for using it
in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message sent by the local
mobility anchor to the mobile access gateway. This option can be
used for sending the assigned mobile node's IPv4 home address.
The IPv4 Home Address Reply option has an alignment requirement of
4n. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Status |Pref-len |Res|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv4 home address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 4: IPv4 Home Address Reply Option
Type
IANA
Length
8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in
octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field MUST
be set to (6).
Status
Indicates success or failure for the IPv4 home address
assignment. Values from 0 to 127 indicate success. Higher
values (128 to 255) indicate failure. The following status
values are currently allocated by this document:
0 Success
128 Failure, reason unspecified
129 Administratively prohibited
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130 Incorrect IPv4 home address
131 Invalid IPv4 address
132 Dynamic IPv4 home address assignment not available
Prefix-len
This 6-bit unsigned integer is used for carrying the prefix
length of the mobile node's IPv4 home network corresponding the
IPv4 home address contained in the option.
Reserved (Res)
This 2-bit field is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
IPv4 home address
This four-byte field is used for carrying the IPv4 home address
assigned to the mobile node.
3.3.3. IPv4 Default-Router Address Option
A new option, IPv4 Default-Router Address Option is defined for using
it in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message sent by the local
mobility anchor to the mobile access gateway. This option can be
used for sending the mobile node's IPv4 default router address.
The IPv4 Default-Router Address option has an alignment requirement
of 4n. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved (R) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| IPv4 Default-Router Address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 5: IPv4 Default-Router Address Option
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Type
IANA
Length
8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in
octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field MUST
be set to (6).
Reserved (R)
This 16-bit field is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
IPv4 Default-Router Address
A four-byte field containing the mobile node's default router
address.
3.3.4. IPv4 DHCP Support Mode
A new option, IPv4 DHCP Support Mode Option is defined for using it
in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message sent by the local
mobility anchor to the mobile access gateway. This option can be
used for notifying the mobile access gateway, if it should function
as a DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay for the attached mobile node.
The IPv4 DHCP Support Mode option has no alignment requirement. Its
format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Type | Length | Reserved (R) |S|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 6: IPv4 DHCP Support Mode Option
Type
IANA
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Length
8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option in
octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field MUST
be set to 2.
Reserved (R)
This 15-bit field is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to (0) by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
DHCP Support Mode (S)
A 1-bit field that specifies the DHCP support mode. This flag
indicates if the mobile access gateway should function as a
DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay for the attached mobile node. The
flag value of (0) indicates the mobile access gateway should
act as a DHCP Relay and the flag value of (1) indicates it
should act as a DHCP Server.
3.3.5. Status Codes
This document defines the following new Status values for use in the
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message. These values are to be
allocated from the same numbering space, as defined in Section 6.1.8
of [RFC-3775].
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_MOBILITY_SERVICE: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for IPv4 mobility service.
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for the requesting IPv4 home address
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV6_MOBILITY_SERVICE: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for IPv6 mobility service.
MULTIPLE_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS_ASSIGNMENT_NOT_SUPPORTED: IANA
Multiple IPv4 home address assignment not supported
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3.4. Supporting DHCP-Based Address Configuration
This section explains how DHCP-based address configuration support
can be enabled for a mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain. It
explains the protocol operation, supported DHCP server deployment
configurations and the protocol interactions between DHCP agents and
mobility entities in each of the supported configurations.
This specification supports the following two DHCP deployment
configurations.
o DHCP relay agent co-located with the mobile access gateway.
o DHCP server co-located in the mobile access gateway.
The following are the configuration requirements:
o The DHCP server or the DHCP relay agent configured on the mobile
access gateway is required to have an IPv4 address for exchanging
the DHCP messages with the mobile node. This address is the
mobile node's default router address provided by the local
mobility anchor. Optionally, all the DHCP servers co-located with
the mobile access gateways in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain can be
configured with a fixed IPv4 address. This fixed address can be
potentially an IPv4 private address [RFC-1918] that can be used
for the DHCP protocol communication on any of the access links.
This address will be used as the server identifier in the DHCP
messages.
o A DHCP server identifies a DHCP interface from the contents of the
DHCP "Client-identifier" option [RFC-2132], if present, or from
the client hardware address (chaddr), as specified in [RFC-2131].
Note that the name "Client-identifier" is a misnomer as it
actually identifies an interface and not the client. The DHCP
server uses this identity to identify the interface for which the
address is assigned. A mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain,
can attach to the network through multiple interfaces and can
obtain address configuration for each of its interfaces.
Additionally, it may perform handoffs between its interfaces.
Following are the related considerations with respect to the
identification presented to the DHCP server. <
* If the mobile node attaches to the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain
through multiple physical interfaces, the DHCP server will
uniquely identify each of those interfaces and will perform
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address assignment. The DHCP server will identify the
interface as specified in RFC 2131. The mobile node SHOULD
generate and use the "Client-identifier" for each physical
interface according to [RFC-4361]. Any time the mobile node
performs an handoff of a physical interface to a different
mobile access gateway, using the same interface, the DHCP
server will always be able to identify the binding using the
presented identifier. The presented identifier (either the
"Client-identifier" or the hardware address) will remain as the
primary key for each binding, just as how they are unique in a
Binding Cache entry.
* If the mobile node is capable of performing handoff between
interfaces, as per [RFC-5213], a "Client-identifier" value MUST
be used for the attachment point that is not tied to any of the
physical interfaces. The identifier MUST be generated
according to [RFC-4361], which guarantees that the identifier
is stable and unique across all "Client-identifier" values in
use in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.
o All the DHCP servers co-located with the mobile access gateways in
a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain can be configured with the same set of
DHCP option values (Ex: DNS Server, SIP Server ..etc.) to ensure
the mobile node receives the same configuration values on any of
the access links in that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.
3.4.1. DHCP Server co-located with the Mobile Access Gateway
This section explains the operational sequence of home address
assignment operation when the DHCP server is co-located with the
mobile access gateway.
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MN MAG(DHCP-S) LMA
|------>| | 1. DHCPDISCOVER
| |------->| 2. Proxy Binding Update
| |<-------| 3. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (IPv4 HoA)
| |========| 4. Tunnel/Route Setup
|<------| | 5. DHCPOFFER (IPv4 HoA)
|------>| | 6. DHCPREQUEST (IPv4 HoA)
|<------| | 7. DHCPACK
| | |
* It is possible the MAG may have already completed the Proxy Mobile
IPv6 signaling with the LMA for requesting both IPv6 home network
prefix(es) and IPv4 home address assignment prior to step-1. In
such event, the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling steps (step-2 to
step-4) above are not relevant.
* It is possible the MAG may have initially completed the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 signaling prior to Step-1, but only for requesting
IPv6 home network prefix(es) and may later request IPv4 home
address assignment after detecting the DHCP triggers from the
mobile node as shown above.
* The MAG may choose to ignore the DHCPDISCOVER messages till the
Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling is successfully completed, or it may
choose to send a delayed response for reducing the additional
delay waiting for a new DHCPDISCOVER message from the mobile node.
Figure 7: Overview of DHCP Server located at Mobile Access Gateway
Initial IPv4 Home Address Assignment:
o For acquiring the mobile node's IPv4 home address from the local
mobility anchor, the mobile access gateway will initiate Proxy
Mobile IPv6 signaling with the local mobility anchor.
o After the successful completion of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling
and upon acquiring the mobile node's IPv4 home address from the
local mobility anchor, the DHCP server on the mobile access
gateway will send a DHCPOFFER message [RFC-2131] to the mobile
node. The offered address will be the mobile node's IPv4 home
address, assigned by the local mobility anchor. The DHCPOFFER
message will also have the subnet mask option [RFC-2132] and
router option [RFC-2132], with the values in those options set to
the mobile node's IPv4 home subnet mask and default router address
respectively. Additionally, the Server Identifier option will be
included and with the value in the option set to the default
router address.
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o If the mobile node sends the DHCPREQUEST message, the DHCP server
will send DHCPACK message, as per [RFC-2131].
IPv4 Home Address Renewal with the DHCP server (No Handoff):
o Any time the mobile node goes into the DHCP RENEWING state [RFC-
2131], it simply unicasts the DHCPREQUEST message including the
assigned IPv4 home address in the 'requested IP address' option.
The DHCPREQUEST is sent to the address specified in Server
Identifier option of the previously received DHCPOFFER and DHCPACK
messages.
o The DHCP server will send a DHCPACK to the mobile node to
acknowledge the assignment of the committed IPv4 address.
IPv4 Home Address Renewal with the DHCP server (After Handoff):
When the mobile node goes into the DHCP RENEWING state [RFC-2131], it
directly unicasts the DHCPREQUEST message to the DHCP server that
currently provided the DHCP lease. However, if the mobile node
changed its point of attachment and is attached to a new mobile
access gateway, it is required that the mobile node updates the DHCP
server address and uses the address of the DHCP server that is co-
located with the new mobile access gateway. The following approach
can be adopted to ensure the mobile node uses the DHCP server on the
attached link.
MN oMAG(DHCP-S) nMAG(DHCP-S)
| : |
RENEW------------->| 1. DHCPREQUEST (IPv4 HoA)
BOUND<-------------| 2. DHCPACK (IPv4 HoA) or DHCPNACK
| : |
* The use of a fixed DHCP server address on all DHCP servers
Figure 8: Address renewal with the DHCP server
o The use of a stable address, either the IPv4 default router
address of the mobile node, or a fixed IPv4 address common in that
Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, as the DHCP server Id will ensure the
DHCPREQUEST message sent by the mobile node for renewing the
address will be received by the new mobile access gateway on the
attached link.
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o The mobile access gateway after completing the Proxy Mobile IPv6
signaling and upon acquiring the IPv4 home address of the mobile
node will return the address in the DHCPACK message. However, if
the mobile access gateway is unable to complete the Proxy Mobile
IPv6 signaling or is unable to acquire the same IPv4 address as
requested by the mobile node, it will send a DHCPNACK message
[RFC-2131] to the mobile node, as shown in Figure 8-1).
3.4.2. DHCP Relay Agent co-located with the Mobile Access Gateway
A DHCP relay agent is co-located with each mobile access gateway. A
DHCP server is located somewhere in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain
(e.g., is co-located with the local mobility anchor). Figure 9 shows
the sequence of IPv4 home address assignment using DHCP Relay.
MN MAG(DHCP-R) LMA DHCP-S
| |------->| | 1. Proxy Binding Update *
| |<-------| | 2. Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (IPv4 HoA)
| |========| | 3. Tunnel/Route Setup*
|------>|-------------->| 4. DHCPDISCOVER (IPv4 HoA) via DHCP-R
|<------|<--------------| 5. DHCPOFFER (IPv4 HoA) via DHCP-R
|------>|-------------->| 6. DHCPREQUEST (IPv4 HoA) via DHCP-R
|<------|<--------------| 7. DHCPACK (IPv4 HoA) via DHCP-R
| | |
* The Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling (starting at Step-1) and the
DHCP address configuration (starting at Step-4) may start in any
order. However, the DHCPOFFER (Step-5) and the immediate steps
following it will occur in the specified order and only after the
Tunnel/Route Setup (Step-3).
* It is possible the MAG may have initially completed the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 signaling with the LMA only for requesting IPv6 home
network prefix(es) and may later request IPv4 home address
assignment after detecting the DHCP triggers from the mobile node
(after Step-4).
* The MAG may choose to ignore the DHCPDISCOVER messages till the
Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling is successfully completed, or it may
choose to send a delayed response for reducing the additional
delay waiting for a new DHCPDISCOVER message from the mobile node.
Figure 9: Overview of the DHCP relay located at mobile access gateway
Initial IPv4 Home Address Assignment:
o For acquiring the mobile node's IPv4 home address from the local
mobility anchor, the mobile access gateway will initiate Proxy
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Mobile IPv6 signaling with the local mobility anchor.
o After the successful completion of the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling
and upon acquiring the mobile node's IPv4 home address from the
local mobility anchor, the mobile access gateway will enable
forwarding for all the DHCP messages between the mobile node and
the DHCP server.
o The DHCP relay agent on the mobile access gateway will add the
DHCP relay agent information option [RFC-3046] to the DHCPDISCOVER
message. The assigned IPv4 home address will be included in the
Agent Remote ID Sub-option of the DHCP relay agent information
option. This sub-option is used as a hint for requesting the DHCP
server to allocate that specific IPv4 address.
o On receiving a DHCPOFFER message from the DHCP server, the mobile
access gateway will ensure the assigned address is currently
assigned by the local mobility anchor to that mobile node. If
this address is different from what is assigned to the mobile
node, then the mobile access gateway will drop the DHCPOFFER
message and an administrative error message will be logged.
o When the DHCP messages are sent over administrative boundaries,
the operators needs to ensure these messages are secured. All the
DHCP messages relayed by the mobile access gateway can be tunneled
to the local mobility anchor if needed. Alternatively, if the
network in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain is secure enough, the
mobile access gateway can just relay the DHCP messages to the
server. To achieve this, all the mobile access gateways needs to
have a route towards the DHCP server.
IPv4 Home Address Renewal to the same DHCP server: (No Handoff)
o When the DHCP client goes into the DHCP RENEW STATE [RFC-2131], it
directly unicasts DHCPREQUEST messages to the DHCP server. The
DHCP relay agent may not detect any changes in the DHCP state.
For example, if the mobile node releases the IPv4 address, the
relay agent would not be aware of it. The following describes
additional mechanisms for the mobile access gateway to detect any
changes in the DHCP state.
* The DHCP relay agent can intercept all IPv4 DHCP packets
destined to the set of addresses used within the Proxy Mobile
IPv6 domain as DHCP addresses. Since the link between a mobile
node and a mobile access gateway is the point-to-point link,
the mobile access gateway will be in path for all the messages.
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* The DHCP relay agent can use the DHCP Server Identifier
Override Sub-option [RFC-5107] to be in path for all the DHCP
message flows. The DHCP client uses the DHCP server address
which is overridden by the DHCP relay agent address as a
destination address of DHCPREQUEST. The DHCP Server Identifier
Override Sub-option is recommended only when the fixed DHCP
relay address is configured on all the mobile access gateways.
Otherwise, the DHCP relay agent address is changed when the
mobile node changes the attached mobile access gateway.
o However, if the DHCP server is co-located with the local mobility
anchor, then the DHCP relay agent is not required to intercept the
unicast DHCP messages between the mobile node and the DHCP server.
This is because the local mobility anchor will ensure that the
DHCP state is consistent with the PMIPv6 binding that exists for
the IPv4 address.
o Once the mobile access gateway intercepts the DHCP message from
the mobile node to the DHCP server, it can verify if the mobile
node is negotiating the same IPv4 address that the local mobility
anchor allocated for that mobile node. If the address in the
DHCPREQUEST message does not match with the IPv4 address allocated
for the mobile node, then the mobile access gateway SHOULD drop
the DHCP message and an administrative error message can be
logged.
o Any time the mobile access gateway detects that the mobile node
has released its IPv4 address, it can send a Proxy Binding Update
to the local mobility anchor and de-register the IPv4 mobility
session.
3.4.3. Common DHCP Considerations
The following DHCP related considerations are common to both the
supported configuration modes, specified in Section 3.4.1 and Section
3.4.2.
o When a mobile node sends a DHCPDISCOVER message [RFC-2131], the
DHCP server or the relay agent co-located with the mobile access
gateway will trigger the mobile access gateway to complete the
Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling. This is the required interaction
between these two protocols. The mobile access gateway on
receiving this trigger will check if there is already an assigned
IPv4 home address for the mobile node, from the local mobility
anchor. If there is no assigned IPv4 home address assigned for
that mobile node, the mobile access gateway will complete the
Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling with the local mobility anchor by
sending a Proxy Binding Update message.
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o The mobile node needs to be identified by the MN-Identifier, as
specified in Section 6.6 of [RFC-5213]. This identity should be
associated to the DHCP messages sent by the mobile node.
o The mobile access gateway will drop all the DHCPDISCOVER messages
till it completes the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling. If the mobile
access gateway is unable to complete the Proxy Mobile IPv6
signaling, or, if the local mobility anchor does not assign an
IPv4 address for the mobile node, the mobile access gateway MUST
NOT enable IPv4 home address mobility support for the mobile node
on that access link.
o The trigger for initiating Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling can also be
delivered to the mobile access gateway as part of a context
transfer from the previous mobile access gateway, or delivered
from the other network elements in the radio network, the details
of which are outside the scope of this document.
o The DHCPOFFER message [RFC-2131] sent to the mobile node MUST
include the Subnet Mask option [RFC-2132] and the Router option
[RFC-2132]. The values in the Subnet Mask option and Router
option MUST be set to the mobile node's IPv4 home subnet mask and
its default router address respectively.
o The DHCPOFFER message [RFC-2131] sent to the mobile node MUST
include the Interface MTU option [RFC-2132]. The DHCP servers in
the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain MUST be configured to include the
Interface MTU option. The MTU value SHOULD reflect the tunnel MTU
for the bi-directional tunnel between the mobile access gateway
and the local mobility anchor.
o The DHCP lease length allocated to the mobile node's IPv4 home
address may be different from the binding lifetime at the local
mobility anchor for that mobile node's session. It is not
possible to keep these lifetimes synchronized and so its not
required that the configured lifetimes should be kept same in both
DHCP and Proxy Mobile IPv6.
o When the mobile node performs an handoff from one mobile access
gateway to another, the mobile access gateway on the new link will
initiate the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling with the local mobility
anchor. On completing the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling, the mobile
access gateway has the proper IPv4 address state that the local
mobility anchor has allocated for the mobile node and which can be
used for supporting DHCP based address configuration on that link.
o Any time the mobile node detects a link change event due to
handoff, or due to other reasons such as re-establishment of the
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link-layer, the following are the mobile node's considerations
with respect to the DHCP protocol.
* If the mobile node is DNAv4 [RFC-4436] capable and if it
performs DNAv4 procedures after receiving a link change event,
it would always detect the same default router on any of the
access links in that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, as the mobile
access gateway configures a fixed link-layer address on all the
access links, as per the base Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification
[RFC-5213]. The mobile node will not perform any DHCP
operation specifically due to this event.
* If the mobile node is not DNAv4 [RFC-4436] capable, after
receiving the link change event it will enter INIT-REBOOT state
[RFC-2131] and will send a DHCPREQUEST message as specified in
Section 3.7 of [RFC-2131]. The mobile node will obtain the
same address configuration as before, as the link change does
not result in any change at the network layer.
o The mobile node may release its IPv4 home address at any time by
sending the DHCPRELEASE message [RFC-2131]. When the mobile
access gateway detects the DHCPRELEASE message sent by the mobile
node, it should consider this as a trigger for de-registering the
mobile node's IPv4 home address. It will apply the considerations
specified in section 3.2.3.3 for performing the de-registration
procedure. However, this operation MUST NOT release any IPv6 home
network prefix(es) assigned to the mobile node.
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4. IPv4 Transport Support
The Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC-5213] requires the signaling
messages exchanged between the local mobility anchor and the mobile
access gateway to be over an IPv6 transport. The extensions defined
in this section allow the exchange of signaling messages over an IPv4
transport when the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
gateway are separated by an IPv4 network and are reachable using only
IPv4 addresses.
IPv4-Proxy-CoA IPv4-LMAA
| + - - - - - - + |
+--+ +---+ / \ +---+ +--+
|MN|----------|MAG|===== IPv4 Network =====|LMA|----------|CN|
+--+ +---+ \ / +---+ +--+
+ - - - - - - +
Figure 10: IPv4 Transport Network
When the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway are
configured and reachable using only IPv4 addresses, the mobile access
gateway serving a mobile node can potentially send the signaling
messages over IPv4 transport and register its IPv4 address as the
care-of address in the mobile node's Binding Cache entry. An IPv4
tunnel (with any of the supported encapsulation modes) can be used
for tunneling the mobile node's data traffic. The following are the
key aspects of this feature.
o The local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway are both
configured and reachable using an IPv4 address. Additionally,
both entities are also IPv6 enabled and have configured IPv6
addresses on their interfaces, as specified in [RFC-5213], but are
reachable only over an IPv4 transport network.
o The mobile access gateway can be potentially in a private IPv4
network behind a NAT [RFC-3022] device, with a private IPv4
address configured on its egress interface. But, the local
mobility anchor must not be behind a NAT and must be using a
globally routable IPv4 address. However, both the local mobility
anchor and the mobile access gateway can be in the same private
IPv4 routing domain, i.e., when both are configured with private
IPv4 addresses and with no need for NAT translation between them.
o The IPv6 address configuration requirement on the mobile access
gateway does not imply there needs to be IPv6 routing enabled
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between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.
It just requires each of the mobile access gateways and local
mobility anchors in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain to be configured
with a globally unique IPv6 address.
o The Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling messages exchanged between the
local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway for
negotiating the IPv4 transport will be encapsulated and carried as
IPv4 packets. However, these signaling messages are fundamentally
IPv6 messages using the mobility header and the related semantics
as specified in base Proxy Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC-5213],
but carried as a payload in an IPv4 packet. The supported
encapsulation modes for the signaling messages are either native
IPv4 or IPv4 with UDP header.
o The mobile node can be an IPv6, IPv4 or a dual IPv4/IPv6 node and
the IPv4 transport support specified in this section is agnostic
to the type of address mobility enabled for that mobile node.
o The IPv4 tunnel established between the local mobility anchor and
the mobile access gateway (with any of the supported encapsulation
modes over IPv4 transport) will be used for carrying the mobile
node's IPv4 and IPv6 traffic. The following are the outer headers
based on the negotiated encapsulation mode.
* IPv4 (IPv4 or IPv6 Payload packet carried in an IPv4 packet).
If payload protection using IPsec is enabled for the tunneled
traffic, the ESP header follows the outer tunnel header.
* IPv4-UDP (Payload packet carried in an IPv4 packet with UDP
header). If payload protection using IPsec is enabled for the
tunneled traffic, the ESP header follows the outer tunnel
header, as explained in Section 4.3.
* IPv4-UDP-TLV (Payload packet carried in an IPv4 packet with UDP
and TLV header). Refer to [ID-GREKEY-NEGO]. If payload
protection using IPsec is enabled for the tunneled traffic, the
ESP header follows the outer tunnel header, as explained in
Section 4.3.
4.1. Local Mobility Anchor Considerations
4.1.1. Extensions to Binding Cache Entry
To support this feature, the conceptual Binding Cache entry data
structure maintained by the local mobility anchor [RFC-5213] MUST be
extended with the following additional parameters. It is to be noted
that all of these parameters are specified in [RFC-5555] and also
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required here in the present usage context, and are presented here
only for completeness.
o The IPv4 Proxy Care-of Address configured on the mobile access
gateway that sent the Proxy Binding Update message. This address
can be obtained from the IPv4 Care-of Address option [RFC-5555],
present in the received Proxy Binding Update message. However, if
the received Proxy Binding Update message is not sent as an IPv4
packet, i.e., when using IPv6 transport, this field in the Binding
Cache entry MUST be set to ALL_ZERO value.
o The IPv4 NAT translated address of the mobile access gateway. If
the mobile access gateway is not behind a NAT [RFC-3022], this
address will be the same as the address configured on the egress
interface of the mobile access gateway. This address can be
obtained from the IPv4 header of the received Proxy Binding Update
message. However, if the received Proxy Binding Update message is
not sent as an IPv4 packet, this field in the Binding Cache entry
MUST be set to ALL_ZERO value.
o The source UDP port, if the Proxy Binding Update was received in
an IPv4 packet with UDP header.
o The destination UDP port, if the Proxy Binding Update was received
in an IPv4 packet with UDP header.
4.1.2. Extensions to Mobile Node's Policy Profile
To support the IPv4 Transport Support feature the mobile node's
policy profile, specified in Section 6.2 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
extended with the following additional fields. These are mandatory
fields of the policy profile required for supporting this feature.
o The IPv4 address of the local mobility anchor (IPv4-LMAA).
4.1.3. Signaling Considerations
This section provides the rules for processing the Proxy Mobile IPv6
signaling messages received over IPv4 transport.
4.1.3.1. Processing Proxy Binding Updates
o If the received Proxy Binding Update message was sent encapsulated
in an IPv4 or IPv4-UDP packet, the message MUST be authenticated
after removing the outer encapsulation (IPv4 or IPv4-UDP) header.
Considerations from Section 4 of [RFC-5213] MUST be applied for
authenticating and authorizing the request.
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o All the considerations from Section 5.3.1 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
applied on the encapsulated Proxy Binding Update message, after
removing the outer encapsulation (IPv4 or IPv4-UDP) header.
o If there is an IPv4 Care-of Address option [RFC-5555] present in
the request and if the outer encapsulation header is IPv4-UDP,
then the NAT presence detection procedure specified in Section
4.1.3.3 MUST be used for detecting the NAT in the path.
o Upon accepting the request, the local mobility anchor MUST set up
an IPv4 bi-directional tunnel to the mobile access gateway. The
tunnel endpoint addresses are IPv4-LMAA and the IPv4-Proxy-CoA.
The encapsulation mode MUST be determined by applying the
following considerations:
* If the received Proxy Binding Update message was sent with IPv4
encapsulated header, then the encapsulation mode for the bi-
directional tunnel MUST be set to IPv4. Otherwise, the
following considerations apply.
* If NAT is not detected on the path and if the (F) flag in the
received Proxy Binding Update message is set to the value of
(1), but if the configuration flag,
AcceptForcedIPv4UDPEncapsulationRequest, is set to a value of
(0), then the local mobility anchor MUST reject the request
with the Status field value set to 129 (Administratively
prohibited).
* If the (T) flag [ID-GREKEY-NEGO] in the Proxy Binding Update
message is set to value of (1), then the encapsulation mode
MUST be set to IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv4-UDP-TLV.
* If NAT is detected on the path, or if the (F) flag in the
received Proxy Binding Update message is set to the value of
(1), then the encapsulation mode MUST be set to IPv4-or-IPv6-
over-IPv4-UDP. Otherwise the encapsulation mode MUST be set to
IPv4-or-IPv6-over-IPv4.
o The local mobility anchor MUST send the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message with the Status field value set to (0)
(Proxy Binding Update Accepted). The message MUST be constructed
as specified in Section 4.1.3.2.
4.1.3.2. Constructing the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message
The local mobility anchor when sending the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message to the mobile access gateway MUST construct
the message as specified in Section 5.3.6 of [RFC-5213]. However, if
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the received Proxy Binding Update message was encapsulated in an IPv4
packet or as a payload in the UDP header of an IPv4 packet, the
following additional considerations MUST be applied.
o The Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message MUST be encapsulated in
an IPv4 packet. However, if the received Proxy Binding Update
message was sent encapsulated in an IPv4-UDP packet, then the
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message MUST be encapsulated in the
UDP header of an IPv4 packet.
o The source address in the IPv4 header of the message MUST be set
to the destination IPv4 address of the received request.
o If the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor are
using globally routable IPv4 addresses and if there is a security
association that is based on IPv4 addresses, then the encapsulated
IPv4 packet (containing the IPv6 Proxy Binding Acknowledgement)
MUST be protected using IPsec ESP [RFC-4301] mode. There is no
need to apply IPsec ESP header to the IPv6 packet. In all other
cases, the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message MUST be protected
using IPsec prior to the IPv4 or IPv4-UDP encapsulation.
o The NAT Detection option [RFC-5555] MUST be present only if there
is an IPv4 Care-of Address option [RFC-5555] present in the
received Proxy Binding Update message and if the NAT detection
procedure resulted in detecting a NAT on path. However, if the
received Proxy Binding Update message was not sent encapsulated in
IPv4 UDP header, then the option MUST NOT be present.
Furthermore, in all other cases, the option MUST NOT be present.
o The IPv4 DHCP Support Mode option MAY be present. If this option
is not present, the mobile access gateway will enable the default
behavior and function as a DHCP Relay for the mobile node.
o Figure 9 shows the format of the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
message encapsulated in an IPv4 packet and protected using IPv6
security association. The UDP header MUST be present only if the
received Proxy Binding Update message was sent encapsulated in an
IPv4-UDP packet.
IPv4 header (src=IPv4-LMAA, dst=pbu_src_address)
UDP header (sport=DSMIP_PORT, dport= pbu_sport) /*Optional*/
/* IPv6 PBA Packet protected with ESP header */
Figure 11: Proxy Binding Acknowledgment (PBA) Message encapsulated
in IPv4 header
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4.1.3.3. NAT Presence Detection
When the transport network between the local mobility anchor and the
mobile access gateway is an IPv4 network and if the received Proxy
Binding Update message was sent encapsulated in IPv4 UDP header, the
local mobility anchor performs the NAT Presence Detection as
specified below.
On receiving the Proxy Binding Update message encapsulated in an IPv4
UDP packet, the local mobility anchor, if it detects a NAT on the
path, will send the Proxy Binding Acknowledgment message with the NAT
Detection Option. The presence of this option in the Proxy Binding
Acknowledgment is an indication to the mobile access gateway about
the presence of NAT in the path. On detecting any NAT in the path,
both the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway will set
the encapsulation mode of the tunnel to IPv4-UDP-based encapsulation.
The specific details around the NAT detection and the related logic
are described in DSMIPv6 specification [RFC-5555].
However, if the value of the configuration variable,
UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages, is set to a value of (0), the
mobile access gateway will not use IPv4 UDP encapsulation for Proxy
Binding Update messages and hence the local mobility anchor will not
perform this NAT Presence Detection procedure on these messages that
are not sent in IPv4 UDP packet.
4.1.4. Routing Considerations
4.1.4.1. Forwarding Considerations
Forwarding Packets to the Mobile Node:
o On receiving an IPv4 or an IPv6 packet from a correspondent node
with the destination address matching any of the mobile node's
IPv4 or IPv6 home addresses, the local mobility anchor MUST
forward the packet through the bi-directional tunnel set up for
that mobile node.
o The format of the tunneled packet is shown below.
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IPv4 Header (src= IPv4-LMAA, dst= IPv4-Proxy-CoA)] /* Tunnel Header */
[UDP Header (src port=DSMIPv6, dst port=Z] /* If UDP encap nego */
[TLV Header] /* If TLV negotiated */
/* IPv6 or IPv4 Payload Packet */
IPv6 header (src= CN, dst= MN-HOA)
OR
IPv4 header (src= CN, dst= IPv4 MN-HoA)
Figure 12: Tunneled IPv4 Packet from LMA to MAG
o Forwarding Packets Sent by the Mobile Node:
* All the reverse tunneled packets (IPv4 and IPv6) that the local
mobility anchor receives from the mobile access gateway, after
removing the tunnel header (i.e., the outer IPv4 header along
with the UDP and TLV header, if negotiated) MUST be routed to
the destination specified in the inner packet header. These
routed packets will have the source address field set to the
mobile node's home address.
4.1.4.2. ECN & Payload Fragmentation Considerations
The ECN considerations specified in Section 5.6.3 of [RFC-5213] apply
for the IPv4 transport tunnels as well. The mobility agents at the
tunnel entry and exit points MUST handle ECN information as specified
in that document.
The mobility agents at the tunnel entry and exit points MUST apply
the IP packet fragmentation considerations as specified in [RFC-
4213]. Additionally they MUST also apply the considerations related
to tunnel error processing and reporting as specified in the same
specification.
4.1.4.3. Bi-Directional Tunnel Management
The Tunnel Management considerations specified in section 5.6.1 of
[RFC-5213] apply for the IPv4 transport tunnels as well, with just
one difference that the encapsulation mode is different.
4.2. Mobile Access Gateway Considerations
4.2.1. Extensions to Binding Update List Entry
To support the IPv4 Transport Support feature, the conceptual Binding
Update List entry data structure maintained by the mobile access
gateway [RFC-5213] MUST be extended with the following additional
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parameters.
o The IPv4 address of the local mobility anchor. This address can
be obtained from the mobile node's policy profile.
4.2.2. Signaling Considerations
The mobile access gateway when sending a Proxy Binding Update message
to the local mobility anchor MUST construct the message as specified
in Section 6.9.1.5 of [RFC-5213]. However, if the mobile access
gateway is in an IPv4-only access network, the following additional
considerations MUST be applied.
o The Proxy Binding Update message MUST be encapsulated in an IPv4
packet. However, if the value of the configuration variable,
UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages, is set to 1, then the Proxy
Binding Update message MUST be encapsulated in an UDP header of an
IPv4 packet.
o The IPv4 Care-of Address option [RFC-5555] MUST be present. The
IPv4 address in the option MUST be set to the mobile access
gateway's IPv4-Proxy-CoA.
o The packet MUST be constructed as specified in Section 4.2.2.1.
o Just as specified in [RFC-5213], when sending a Proxy Binding
message for extending the lifetime of a currently existing
mobility session or for de-registering the mobility session, the
Proxy Binding Update message MUST be constructed just as the
initial request.
Receiving Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
o If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message is
encapsulated in IPv4 or IPv4 UDP packet, the message MUST be
authenticated after removing the outer IPv4 or IPv4-UDP header.
Considerations from Section 4 of [RFC-5213] MUST be applied for
authenticating and authorizing the message.
o All the considerations from Section 6.9.1.2 of [RFC-5213] MUST be
applied on the encapsulated Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message,
after removing the outer IPv4 UDP header.
o If the Status field indicates Success, the mobile access gateway
MUST setup a bi-directional tunnel to the local mobility anchor.
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o Upon accepting the request, the mobile access gateway MUST set up
an IPv4 bi-directional tunnel to the local mobility anchor. The
tunnel endpoint addresses are IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the IPv4-LMAA.
The encapsulation mode MUST be determined from the below
considerations.
o The encapsulation mode for the bi-directional tunnel MUST be set
to IPv4. However, if the value of the configuration variable,
UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages, is set to (1), then the
following considerations MUST be applied.
* If there is a NAT Detection option [RFC-5555] in the received
Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message and if the value of the
configuration flag, UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages, is set
to value of (1), then the encapsulation mode for the tunnel
MUST be set to IPv4-UDP. Otherwise the encapsulation mode MUST
be set to IPv4.
* If the (T) flag in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message is
set to value of (1), then the encapsulation mode MUST be set to
IPv4-UDP-TLV.
4.2.2.1. Constructing the Proxy Binding Update Message
o The source address in the IPv4 header MUST be set to IPv4-Proxy-
CoA of the mobile access gateway and the destination address MUST
be set to the local mobility anchor's IPv4-LMAA.
o The IPv4 Care-of Address option [RFC-5555] MUST be present. The
address MUST be set to the mobile access gateway's IPv4-Proxy-CoA.
o If the configuration variable ForceIPv4UDPEncapsulationSupport is
set to value of (1), then the (F) flag in the Proxy Binding Update
message MUST be set to value of (1).
o The Proxy Binding Update message MUST be protected using IPsec ESP
[RFC-4301], as specified in [RFC-5213]. The protection MUST be
applied on the IPv6 packet of the Proxy Binding Update message,
prior to the IPv4 encapsulation.
o The format of the Proxy Binding Update message encapsulated in an
IPv4 or IPv4-UDP packet with no IPsec protection:
IPv4 header (src=IPv4-Proxy-CoA, dst=IPv4-LMAA)
UDP header (sport=ANY, dport= DSMIP_PORT) /*Optional*/
/* IPv6 PBU Packet protected with ESP header */
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Figure 13: Proxy Binding Update (PBU) message encapsulated in IPv4
UDP header
4.2.2.2. Forwarding Considerations
Forwarding Packets Sent by the Mobile Node:
o On receiving an IPv4 or an IPv6 packet from the mobile node to any
destination, the mobile access gateway MUST tunnel the packet to
the local mobility anchor. The format of the tunneled packet is
shown below. However, considerations from Section 6.10.3 of [RFC-
5213] MUST be applied with respect the local routing and on the
use of EnableMAGLocalRouting flag.
IPv4 Header (src= IPv4-Proxy-CoA, dst= IPv4-LMAA)] /* Tunnel Header */
[UDP Header (src port=DSMIPv6, dst port=Z] /* If UDP encap nego */
[TLV Header] /* If TLV negotiated */
/* IPv6 or IPv4 Payload Packet */
IPv6 header (src= CN, dst= MN-HOA)
OR
IPv4 header (src= CN, dst= IPv4 MN-HoA)
Figure 14
o Forwarding Packets received from the bi-directional tunnel:
o On receiving a packet from the bi-directional tunnel established
with the mobile node's local mobility anchor, the mobile access
gateway MUST remove the outer header before forwarding the packet
to the mobile node.
4.3. IPsec Considerations
4.3.1. PBU and PBA
The following section describes how IPsec is used for protecting the
signaling messages and data packets between the local mobility anchor
and mobile access gateway when using IPv4 transport.
The following are the SPD example entries to protect PBU and PBA on
the local mobility anchor and mobile access gateway.
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MAG SPD-S:
- IF local_address = Proxy-CoA_1 &
remote_address = LMAA_1 & proto = MH &
local_mh_type = PBU & remote_mh_type = PBAck
Then use SA ESP transport mode
LMA SPD-S:
- IF local_address = LMAA_1 &
remote_address = Proxy-CoA_1 & proto = MH &
local_mh_type = PBAck & remote_mh_type = PBU
Then use SA ESP transport mode
Figure 15 and Figure 16 show how PBU and PBA are sent and processed
at the local mobility anchor and at the mobile access gateway. IPsec
ESP is always applied before the PBU or the PBA is encapsulated in
the outer IPv4 header.
| PBU on wire : PBU internal processing
\|/ \:/
MAG's PMIP Module
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: Mobility header
: PBU (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Request option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
:
\:/
MAG's IPsec module
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: ESP header in transport mode
: Mobility header
: PBU (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Request option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
:
: * After adding the ESP header, the PBU is returned to the PMIP
: module and is encapsulated into the UDP and IPv4 headers.
: This requires a Proxy Mobile IPv6 specific IPsec implementation,
: which knows that the packet needs to be passed back to the PMIP
: module, instead of sending it out via the normal forwarding
\:/
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MAG
| IPv4 header (src=IPv4-Proxy-CoA, dst=IPv4-LMAA)
| UDP header (sport=Z, dport=DSMIPv6)
| IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
| ESP header in transport mode
| Mobility header
| PBU (p flag)
| Home Network Prefix option
| IPv4 Home Address Request option
| IPv4 Care-of Address option
\|/
LMA (received at DSMIPv6 port)
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: ESP header in transport mode
: Mobility header
: PBU (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Request option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
:
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) needs to
: be passed along with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
LMA's IPsec module
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: Mobility header
: PBU (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Request option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
:
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) need to
: be passed with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
LMA's PMIP module
Figure 15: Proxy Binding Update
| PBA on wire : PBA internal processing
\|/ \:/
LMA's PMIP module
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:
: IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
: Mobility header
: PBA (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Reply option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
\:/
LMA's IPsec module
:
: IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
: ESP header in transport mode
: Mobility header
: PBA (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Reply option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
:
: * After adding the ESP header, the PBA is returned to the PMIP
: module and is encapsulated into the UDP and IPv4 headers.
: This requires a Proxy Mobile IPv6 specific IPsec implementation,
: which knows that the packet needs to be passed back to the PMIP
: module, instead of sending it out via normal forwarding
\:/
LMA
| IPv4 header (src=IPv4-LMAA, dst=IPv4-Proxy-CoA)
| UDP header (sport=DSMIPv6, dport=Z)
| IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
| ESP header in transport mode
| Mobility header
| PBA (p flag)
| Home Network Prefix option
| IPv4 Home Address Reply option
| IPv4 Care-of Address option
\|/
MAG (received at DSMIPv6 listening port)
:
: IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
: ESP header in transport mode
: Mobility header
: PBA (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Reply option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) need to
: be passed with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
MAG's IPsec module
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:
: IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
: Mobility header
: PBA (p flag)
: Home Network Prefix option
: IPv4 Home Address Reply option
: IPv4 Care-of Address option
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) need to
: be passed with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
MAG's PMIP module
Figure 16: Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
4.3.2. Payload Packet
The following are the SPD example entries to protect payload packets
on the local mobility anchor and mobile access gateway. Note that
the example SPDs protect all payload packets sent to and from mobile
nodes. If an operator needs to apply a different security mechanism
per mobile node, they need to create a SPD and a SA entry per mobile
node.
MAG SPD-S:
- IF interface = IPv6 tunnel to LMAA_1 &
local_address != Proxy-CoA_1 &
remote_address != LMAA_1 & proto=any
Then use SA ESP tunnel mode
LMA SPD-S:
- IF interface = IPv6 tunnel to Proxy-CoA_1 &
local_address != LMAA_1 &
remote_address != Proxy-CoA_1 & proto=any
Then use SA ESP tunnel mode
When a payload packet is protected by IPsec, MAG and LMA SHOULD
always use the tunnel IPv6 header to let the payload packet be IPsec
protected in the ESP tunnel mode. If IPsec is not applied to payload
packets, this additional tunnel IPv6 header SHOULD be omitted and an
IPv4 header SHOULD be used to encapsulate the data packet as shown in
Figure 14 .
| Packet on wire : Packet internal processing
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\|/ \:/
MN
| IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
| Payload
\|/
MAG's PMIP Module
:3
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
: Payload
:
\:/
MAG's IPsec module
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: ESP header in tunnel mode
: IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
: Payload
:
: * After the ESP header installation, the payload packet is returned
: to the PMIP module and is encapsulated for the tunnel between MAG
: and LMA. If necessary, the UDP and TLV headers are added to the
: payload packet.
: This requires a Proxy Mobile IPv6 specific IPsec implementation,
: which knows that the packet needs to be passed back to the PMIP
: module, instead of sending it out via normal forwarding
\:/
MAG
|
| IPv4 header (src=IPv4-Proxy-CoA, dst=IPv4-LMAA)
| UDP header (sport=Z, dport=DSMIPv6) /* If UDP encap nego */
| TLV Header /* If TLV negotiated */
| IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
| ESP header in tunnel mode
: IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
| Payload
\|/
LMA (received at DSMIPv6 port)
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: ESP header in tunnel mode
: IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
: Payload
:
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) need to
: be passed with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
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LMA's IPsec module
:
: IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
: IPv4/v6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN)
: Payload
:
: *In addition, IPv4-Proxy-CoA and the sport (Z) need to
: be passed with the packet to ensure correct processing.
\:/
LMA forwarding engine
Figure 17: IPsec Protected Payload Packet
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5. Protocol Configuration Variables
5.1. Local Mobility Anchor - Configuration Variables
The local mobility anchor MUST allow the following variables to be
configured by the system management. The configured values for these
protocol variables MUST survive server reboots and service restarts.
AcceptForcedIPv4UDPEncapsulationRequest
This flag indicates whether or not the local mobility anchor
should accept IPv4 UDP encapsulation request for the mobile node's
data traffic, even if there is no NAT detected in the path.
The default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating that the
local mobility anchor MUST NOT accept IPv4 UDP encapsulation
request when NAT is not detected in the path.
When the value for this flag is set to (1), the local mobility
anchor MUST accept IPv4 UDP encapsulation request even when NAT is
not detected in the path.
5.2. Mobile Access Gateway - Configuration Variables
The mobile access gateway MUST allow the following variables to be
configured by the system management. The configured values for these
protocol variables MUST survive server reboots and service restarts.
UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages
This flag indicates whether or not the mobile access gateway
should use IPv4-UDP encapsulation mode for the signaling messages.
The default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating that the
mobile access gateway MUST NOT use IPv4-UDP encapsulation mode,
but MUST use native IPv4 encapsulation mode for sending the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 signaling messages.
When the value for this flag is set to (1), the mobile access
gateway MUST use IPv4-UDP encapsulation mode for sending the Proxy
Mobile IPv6 signaling messages.
ForceIPv4UDPEncapsulationSupport
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This flag indicates whether or not the mobile access gateway
should request the mobile node's local mobility anchor for forcing
IPv4 UDP encapsulation support for the mobile node's data traffic,
even when NAT is not detected in the path.
The default value for this flag is set to (0), indicating that the
mobile access gateway MUST NOT request the mobile node's local
mobility anchor for forcing IPv4 UDP encapsulation support even
when NAT is not detected in path.
When the value for this flag is set to (1), the mobile access
gateway MUST force the mobile node's local mobility anchor for
IPv4 UDP encapsulation support.
This flag is applicable only when the flag
UseIPv4UDPEncapForSignalingMessages is set to a value of (1).
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6. IANA Considerations
This document defines four new Mobility Header options, IPv4 Home
Address Request option, IPv4 Home Address Reply option, IPv4 Default
Router Address option and IPv4 DHCP Support Mode option. These
options are described in Sections 3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.3 and 3.3.4
respectively. The Type value for these options needs to be assigned
from the same number space as allocated for the other mobility
options, as defined in [RFC-3775].
The IPv4 Home Address Reply option, described in Section 3.3.2 of
this document, introduces a new number space, IPv4 Home Address Reply
Status Codes. This document currently reserves the following values.
Approval of any new status code values are to be made through IANA
Expert Review.
o 0 Success
o 128 Failure, reason unspecified
o 129 Administratively prohibited
o 130 Incorrect IPv4 home address
o 131 Invalid IPv4 address
o 132 Dynamic IPv4 home address assignment not available
The IPv4 DHCP Support Mode option, described in Section 3.3.4 of this
document, introduces a new number space, IPv4 DHCP Support Mode
Flags. This document reserves the value 0x1 for the (S) flag.
Approval of this flag values are to be made through IANA Expert
Review. At this point of time there are no thoughts on what the new
flag allocations can be for and hence this document is leaving this
to the discretion of the expert review.
This document also defines new status values, used in Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement message, as described in Section 3.3.5. These values
are to be assigned from the same number space as allocated for other
Status codes [RFC-3775]. Each of these allocated values have to be
greater than 128.
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_MOBILITY_SERVICE: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for IPv4 mobility service.
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NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for the requesting IPv4 home address
NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_IPV6_MOBILITY_SERVICE: IANA
Mobile node not authorized for IPv6 mobility service.
MULTIPLE_IPV4_HOME_ADDRESS_ASSIGNMENT_NOT_SUPPORTED: IANA
Multiple IPv4 home address assignment not supported
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7. Security Considerations
All the security considerations from the base Proxy Mobile IPv6 [RFC-
5213], Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775], and Dual-Stack Mobile IPv6 [RFC-5555]
apply when using the extensions defined in this document.
Additionally, the following security considerations need to be
applied.
This document defines new mobility options for supporting the IPv4
Home Address assignment and IPv4 Transport Support features. These
options are to be carried in Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding
Acknowledgement messages. The required security mechanisms specified
in the base Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol for protecting these signaling
messages are sufficient when carrying these mobility options.
This specification describes the use of IPv4 transport for exchanging
the signaling messages between the local mobility anchor and the
mobile access gateway. These signaling messages are fundamentally
IPv6 messages, but encapsulated in an IPv4 header and routed as IPv4
packets. The encapsulated inner IPv6 message is still protected
using IPsec, using the established security association and this
offers the same level of security as when the messages are routed
natively as IPv6 packets. The use of outer IPv4 header does not
introduce any new security vulnerabilities.
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8. Contributors
This document reflects discussions and contributions from several
people (in alphabetical order):
Kuntal Chowdhury
kchowdhury@starentnetworks.com
Vijay Devarapalli
vijay.devarapalli@azairenet.com
Sangjin Jeong
sjjeong@etri.re.kr
Basavaraj Patil
basavaraj.patil@nsn.com
Myungki Shin
myungki.shin@gmail.com
9. Acknowledgments
The IPv4 support for Proxy Mobile IPv6 was initially covered in the
internet-draft [draft-sgundave-mip6-proxymip6-02.txt]. We would like
to thank all the authors of the document and acknowledge that initial
work.
Thanks to Alper Yegin, Behcet Sarikaya, Bernard Aboba, Charles
Perkins, Damic Damjan, Jari Arkko, Joel Hortelius, Jonne Soinnen,
Julien Laganier, Mohana Jeyatharan, Niklas Nuemann, Pasi Eronen,
Premec Domagoj, Ralph Droms, Sammy Touati, Vidya Narayanan, Yingzhe
Wu and Zu Qiang for their helpful review of this document.
Also, we would like to thank Spencer Dawkins, Tim Polk and Menachem
Dodge, Adrian Farrel and Pekka Savola for their reviews of this
document as part of the IESG review process.
10. References
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10.1. Normative References
[RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC-2131] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC
2131, March 1997.
[RFC-2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998.
[RFC-3775] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J., "Mobility Support in
IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.
[RFC-4193] Hinden, R. and Haberman, B., "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast
Addresses", RFC-4193, October 2005.
[RFC-4213] E. Nordmark and R. Gilligan, "Basic Transition Mechanisms
for IPv6 Hosts and Routers", RFC 4213, October 2005.
[RFC-4291] Hinden, R. and Deering, S., "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC-4291, February 2006.
[RFC-5213] Gundavelli, S., et.al, "Proxy Mobile IPv6", RFC 5213,
November 2007.
[RFC-5555] Soliman, H. et al, "Mobile IPv6 support for dual stack
Hosts and Routers (DSMIPv6)", RFC-5555, June 2009.
10.2. Informative References
[RFC-925] Postel, J., "Multi-LAN Address Resolution", RFC 925,
October 1984.
[RFC-1332] G. McGregor, "The PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol
(IPCP)", RFC 1332, May 1992.
[RFC-1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, B., Karrenberg, D., de Groot, G.,
and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets", BCP 5, RFC
1918, February 1996.
[RFC-2132] Alexander, S. & Droms, R., "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997.
[RFC-3022] Srisuresh, P. and K. Egevang, "Traditional IP Network
Address Translator (Traditional NAT)", RFC 3022, January 2001.
[RFC-3046] M. Patrick, "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", January
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2001.
[RFC-3587] Hinden, R., Deering, S., and E. Nordmark, "IPv6 Global
Unicast Address Format", RFC 3587, August 2003.
[RFC-4301] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC-4306] Kaufman, C., "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2) Protocol", RFC
4306, December 2005.
[RFC-4361] Lemon, T. and B. Sommerfield, "Node-specific Client
Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four
(DHCPv4)", RFC 4361, February 2006.
[RFC-4436] Aboba, B., Carlson, J. and S.Cheshire, "Detecting Network
Attachment in IPv4", RFC 4436, March 2006.
[RFC-4977] Tsirtsis, G., Soliman, H., "Problem Statement: Dual Stack
Mobility", RFC 4977, August 2007.
[RFC-5107] R. Johnson and J. Jumarasamy and K. Kinnear and M. Stapp,
"DHCP Server Identifier Override Suboption", RFC 5107, February 2008.
[ID-GREKEY-NEGO] Muhanna, A., Khalil, M., Gundavelli, S., Leung, K.,
"GRE Key Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6",
draft-ietf-netlmm-grekey-option-09.txt, May 2009.
Authors' Addresses
Ryuji Wakikawa
TOYOTA InfoTechnology Center, U.S.A., Inc.
465 Bernardo Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94043
USA
Email: ryuji@us.toyota-itc.com
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Sri Gundavelli
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
USA
Email: sgundave@cisco.com
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