NETLMM WG                                                  S. Gundavelli
Internet-Draft                                                  K. Leung
Intended status: Standards Track                                   Cisco
Expires: March 26, 2008                                   V. Devarapalli
                                                         Azaire Networks
                                                            K. Chowdhury
                                                        Starent Networks
                                                                B. Patil
                                                  Nokia Siemens Networks
                                                      September 23, 2007


                           Proxy Mobile IPv6
                   draft-ietf-netlmm-proxymip6-06.txt

Status of this Memo

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on March 26, 2008.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007).

Abstract

   This specification describes a network-based mobility management
   protocol.  It is called Proxy Mobile IPv6 and is based on Mobile IPv6



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   [RFC-3775].  This protocol enables mobility support to a host without
   requiring its participation in any mobility related signaling.  The
   design principle in the case of a network-based mobility management
   protocol relies on the network being in control of the mobility
   management.  The mobility entities in the network are responsible for
   tracking the movements of the host and initiating the required
   mobility signaling on its behalf.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Conventions & Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.1.  Conventions used in this document  . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.2.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   4.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol Security  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.1.  Peer Authorization Database Entries  . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.2.  Security Policy Database Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   5.  Local Mobility Anchor Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.1.  Extensions to Binding Cache Entry Data Structure . . . . . 15
     5.2.  Supported Home Network Prefix Models . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.3.  Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.4.  Timestamp Option for Message Ordering  . . . . . . . . . . 21
     5.5.  Routing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       5.5.1.  Bi-Directional Tunnel Management . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       5.5.2.  Forwarding Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     5.6.  Local Mobility Anchor Address Discovery  . . . . . . . . . 25
     5.7.  Mobile Prefix Discovery Considerations . . . . . . . . . . 26
     5.8.  Route Optimizations Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   6.  Mobile Access Gateway Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     6.1.  Extensions to Binding Update List Entry Data Structure . . 27
     6.2.  Mobile Node's Policy Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
     6.3.  Supported Access Link Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     6.4.  Supported Address Configuration Models . . . . . . . . . . 29
     6.5.  Access Authentication & Mobile Node Identification . . . . 30
     6.6.  Acquiring Mobile Node's Identifier . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     6.7.  Home Network Emulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
     6.8.  Link-Local and Global Address Uniqueness . . . . . . . . . 31
     6.9.  Signaling Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
       6.9.1.  Binding Registrations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
       6.9.2.  Router Solicitation Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
       6.9.3.  Retransmissions and Rate Limiting  . . . . . . . . . . 37
     6.10. Routing Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
       6.10.1. Transport Network  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       6.10.2. Tunneling & Encapsulation Modes  . . . . . . . . . . . 38
       6.10.3. Routing State  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
       6.10.4. Local Routing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40



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       6.10.5. Tunnel Management  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
       6.10.6. Forwarding Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
     6.11. Supporting DHCPv6 based Address Configuration on the
           Access Link  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
     6.12. Home Network Prefix Renumbering  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
     6.13. Mobile Node Detachment Detection and Resource Cleanup  . . 43
     6.14. Allowing network access to other IPv6 nodes  . . . . . . . 44
   7.  Mobile Node Operation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
     7.1.  Moving into a Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain . . . . . . . . . . 45
     7.2.  Roaming in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain  . . . . . . . . . 46
     7.3.  IPv6 Host Protocol Parameters  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
   8.  Message Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
     8.1.  Proxy Binding Update Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
     8.2.  Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message  . . . . . . . . . . 49
     8.3.  Home Network Prefix Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
     8.4.  Link-local Address Option  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
     8.5.  Timestamp Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     8.6.  Status Values  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
   9.  Protocol Configuration Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
   10. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
   11. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
   12. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
   13. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
     13.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
     13.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
   Appendix A.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 interactions with AAA
                Infrastructure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
   Appendix B.  Supporting Shared-Prefix Model using DHCPv6 . . . . . 59
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 62





















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1.  Introduction

   Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775] is the enabler for IPv6 mobility.  It requires
   Mobile IPv6 client functionality in the IPv6 stack of a mobile node.
   Signaling between the mobile node and home agent enables the creation
   and maintenance of a binding between the mobile node's home address
   and care-of-address.  Mobile IPv6 has been designed to be an integral
   part of the IPv6 stack in a host.  However there exist IPv6 stacks
   today that do not have Mobile IPv6 functionality and there would
   likely be IPv6 stacks without Mobile IPv6 client functionality in the
   future as well.  It is desirable to support IP mobility for all hosts
   irrespective of the presence or absence of mobile IPv6 functionality
   in the IPv6 stack.

   It is possible to support mobility for IPv6 nodes by extending Mobile
   IPv6 [RFC-3775] signaling and reusing the home agent via a proxy
   mobility agent in the network.  This approach to supporting mobility
   does not require the mobile node to be involved in the signaling
   required for mobility management.  The proxy mobility agent in the
   network performs the signaling and does the mobility management on
   behalf of the mobile node.  Because of the use and extension of
   Mobile IPv6 signaling and home agent functionality, this protocol is
   referred to as Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6).

   Network deployments which are designed to support mobility would be
   agnostic to the capability in the IPv6 stack of the nodes which it
   serves.  IP mobility for nodes which have mobile IP client
   functionality in the IPv6 stack as well as those hosts which do not,
   would be supported by enabling Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol
   functionality in the network.  The advantages of developing a network
   based mobility protocol based on Mobile IPv6 are:

   o  Reuse of home agent functionality and the messages/format used in
      mobility signaling.  Mobile IPv6 is a mature protocol with several
      implementations that have been through interoperability testing.

   o  A common home agent would serve as the mobility agent for all
      types of IPv6 nodes.

   o  Addresses a real deployment need.

   The problem statement and the need for a network based mobility
   protocol solution has been documented in [RFC-4830].  Proxy Mobile
   IPv6 is a solution that addresses these issues and requirements.







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2.  Conventions & Terminology

2.1.  Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC-2119].


2.2.  Terminology

   All the general mobility related terms used in this document are to
   be interpreted as defined in the Mobile IPv6 base specification [RFC-
   3775].

   This document adopts the terms, Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and
   Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) from the NETLMM Goals document [RFC-
   4831].  This document also provides the following context specific
   explanation to the following terms used in this document.


   Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain (PMIPv6-Domain)

      Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain refers to the network where the mobility
      management of a mobile node is handled using the Proxy Mobile IPv6
      protocol as defined in this specification.  The Proxy Mobile IPv6
      domain includes local mobility anchors and mobile access gateways
      between which security associations can be setup and authorization
      for sending Proxy Binding Updates on behalf of the mobile nodes
      can be ensured.

   Local Mobility Anchor (LMA)

      Local Mobility Anchor is the home agent for the mobile node in the
      Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.  It is the topological anchor point for
      the mobile node's home network prefix and is the entity that
      manages the mobile node's reachability state.  It is important to
      understand that the local mobility anchor has the functional
      capabilities of a home agent as defined in Mobile IPv6 base
      specification [RFC-3775] and with the additional capabilities
      required for supporting Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol as defined in
      this specification.

   Mobile Access Gateway (MAG)







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      Mobile Access Gateway is a function that manages the mobility
      related signaling for a mobile node that is attached to its access
      link.  It is responsible for tracking the mobile node's movements
      on the access link and for signaling the mobile node's local
      mobility anchor.

   Mobile Node (MN)

      Throughout this document, the term mobile node is used to refer to
      an IP host whose mobility is managed by the network.  The mobile
      node may be operating in IPv6 mode, IPv4 mode or in IPv4/IPv6 dual
      mode.  The mobile node is not required to participate in any
      mobility related signaling for achieving mobility for an IP
      address that is obtained in that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.  This
      document further uses explicit text when referring to a mobile
      node that is involved in mobility related signaling as per Mobile
      IPv6 specification [RFC-3775].

   LMA Address (LMAA)

      The address that is configured on the interface of the local
      mobility anchor and is the transport endpoint of the bi-
      directional tunnel established between the local mobility anchor
      and the mobile access gateway.  This is the address to where the
      mobile access gateway sends the Proxy Binding Update messages.
      When supporting IPv4 traversal, i.e., when the network between the
      local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway is an IPv4
      network, this address will be an IPv4 address and will be referred
      to as IPv4-LMAA, as specified in [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].

   Proxy Care-of Address (Proxy-CoA)

      Proxy-CoA is the address configured on the interface of the mobile
      access gateway and is the transport endpoint of the tunnel between
      the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.  The
      local mobility anchor views this address as the Care-of Address of
      the mobile node and registers it in the Binding Cache entry for
      that mobile node.  When the transport network between the mobile
      access gateway and the local mobility anchor is an IPv4 network
      and if the care-of address that is registered at the local
      mobility anchor is an IPv4 address, the term, IPv4-Proxy-CoA is
      used, as specified in [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].

   Mobile Node's Home Address (MN-HoA)







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      MN-HoA is the home address of a mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6
      domain.  It is an address from its home network prefix obtained by
      a mobile node in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.  The mobile node can
      continue to use this address as long as it is attached to the
      network that is in the scope of that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.

   Mobile Node's Home Network Prefix (MN-HNP)

      This is the on-link IPv6 prefix that is always present in the
      Router Advertisements that the mobile node receives when it is
      attached to any of the access links in that Proxy Mobile IPv6
      domain.  This home network prefix is topologically anchored at the
      mobile node's local mobility anchor.  The mobile node configures
      its interface with an address from this prefix.

   Mobile Node's Home Link

      This is the link on which the mobile node obtained its initial
      address configuration after it moved into that Proxy Mobile IPv6
      domain.  This is the link that conceptually follows the mobile
      node.  The network will ensure the mobile node always sees this
      link with respect to the layer-3 network configuration, on any
      access link that it attaches to in that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.

   Mobile Node Identifier (MN-Identifier)

      The identity of a mobile node in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.
      This is the stable identifier of a mobile node that the mobility
      entities in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain can always acquire and
      using which a mobile node can predictably be identified.  This is
      typically an identifier such as Mobile Node NAI [RFC-4282].

   Proxy Binding Update (PBU)

      A binding registration request message sent by a mobile access
      gateway to a mobile node's local mobility anchor for establishing
      a binding between the mobile node's MN-HNP and the Proxy-CoA.

   Proxy Binding Acknowledgement (PBA)

      A binding registration reply message sent by a local mobility
      anchor in response to a Proxy Binding Update request message that
      it received from a mobile access gateway.








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3.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol Overview

   This specification describes a network-based mobility management
   protocol.  It is called Proxy Mobile IPv6 and is based on Mobile IPv6
   [RFC-3775].

   Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol is intended for providing network-based
   mobility management support to a mobile node, without requiring the
   participation of the mobile node in any mobility related signaling.
   The mobility entities in the network will track the mobile node's
   movements and will initiate the mobility signaling and setup the
   required routing state.

   The core functional entities in the NETLMM infrastructure are the
   Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG).  The
   local mobility anchor is responsible for maintaining the mobile
   node's reachability state and is the topological anchor point for the
   mobile node's home network prefix.  The mobile access gateway is the
   entity that performs the mobility management on behalf of a mobile
   node and it resides on the access link where the mobile node is
   anchored.  The mobile access gateway is responsible for detecting the
   mobile node's movements on its access link and for sending binding
   registrations to the mobile node's local mobility anchor.  The
   architecture of a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain is shown in Figure 1.



























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               +----+                +----+
               |LMA1|                |LMA2|
               +----+                +----+
        LMAA1 -> |                      | <-- LMAA2
                 |                      |
                 \\                    //\\
                  \\                  //  \\
                   \\                //    \\
                +---\\------------- //------\\----+
               (     \\  IPv4/IPv6 //        \\    )
               (      \\  Network //          \\   )
                +------\\--------//------------\\-+
                        \\      //              \\
                         \\    //                \\
                          \\  //                  \\
              Proxy-CoA1--> |                      | <-- Proxy-CoA2
                         +----+                 +----+
                         |MAG1|-----{MN2}       |MAG2|
                         +----+    |            +----+
                           |       |               |
              MN-HoA1 -->  |     MN-HoA2           | <-- MN-HoA3
                         {MN1}                   {MN3}




                    Figure 1: Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain



   Once a mobile node enters a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain and attaches to
   an access network, the mobile access gateway on that access network,
   after identifying the mobile node and acquiring its identifier, will
   determine if the mobile node is authorized for network-based mobility
   management service.

   If the network determines that the network-based mobility management
   service needs to be offered to that mobile node, the network will
   ensure that the mobile node using any of the address configuration
   mechanisms permitted by the network, will be able to obtain an
   address from its home network prefix and move anywhere in that proxy
   mobile IPv6 domain.  From the perspective of the mobile node, the
   entire proxy mobile IPv6 domain appears as a single link, the network
   ensures that the mobile node believes it is always on the same link
   where it obtained its initial address configuration, even after
   changing its point of attachment in that network.

   The mobile node may be operating in an IPv4-only mode, IPv6-only mode



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   or in dual IPv4/IPv6 mode.  Based on what is enabled in the network
   for that mobile node, the mobile node will be able to obtain an IPv4,
   IPv6 or dual IPv4/IPv6 addresses and move any where in that Proxy
   Mobile IPv6 domain.  However, the specific details related to the
   IPv4 addressing or IPv4 transport support is specified in the
   companion document [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].



    +-----+                +-----+                +-----+
    | MN  |                | MAG |                | LMA |
    +-----+                +-----+                +-----+
       |                      |                      |
   MN Attached                |                      |
       |                      |                      |
       |               MN Attached Event             |
       |        (Acquire MN-Id and Profile)          |
       |                      |                      |
       |                      |----- PBU ----------->|
       |                      |                      |
       |                      |                  Accept PBU
       |                      |  (Allocate MN-HNP, Setup BCE and Tunnel)
       |                      |                      |
       |                      |<--------- PBA -------|
       |                      |                      |
       |                 Accept PBA                  |
       |          (Setup Tunnel and Routing)         |
       |                      |                      |
       |                      |==== Bi-Dir Tunnel ===|
       |                      |                      |
       |--- Rtr Sol --------->|                      |
       |                      |                      |
       |<------- Rtr Adv -----|                      |
       |                      |                      |
    IP Address                |                      |
   Configuration              |                      |
       |                      |                      |




          Figure 2: Mobile Node Attachment - Signaling Call Flow



   Figure 2 shows the signaling call flow, when the mobile node enters
   the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.




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   For updating the local mobility anchor about the current location of
   the mobile node, the mobile access gateway sends a Proxy Binding
   Update message to the mobile node's local mobility anchor.  Upon
   accepting this Proxy Binding Update message, the local mobility
   anchor sends a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message including the
   mobile node's home network prefix.  It also creates the Binding Cache
   entry and establishes a bi-directional tunnel to the mobile access
   gateway.

   The mobile access gateway on receiving the Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement message sets up a bi-directional tunnel to the local
   mobility anchor and sets up the data path for the mobile node's
   traffic.  At this point the mobile access gateway will have all the
   required information for emulating the mobile node's home link.  It
   sends Router Advertisement messages to the mobile node on the access
   link advertising the mobile node's home network prefix as the hosted
   on-link-prefix.

   The mobile node on receiving these Router Advertisement messages on
   the access link will attempt to configure its interface either using
   stateful or stateless address configuration modes, based on the modes
   that are permitted on that access link.  At the end of a successful
   address configuration procedure, the mobile node will end up with an
   address from its home network prefix.

   Once the address configuration is complete, the mobile node has a
   valid address from its home network prefix at the current point of
   attachment.  The serving mobile access gateway and the local mobility
   anchor also have proper routing states for handling the traffic sent
   to and from the mobile node using an address from its home network
   prefix.

   The local mobility anchor, being the topological anchor point for the
   mobile node's home network prefix, receives any packets that are sent
   by any correspondent node to the mobile node.  Local mobility anchor
   forwards these received packets to the mobile access gateway through
   the bi-directional tunnel.  The mobile access gateway on other end of
   the tunnel, after receiving the packet, removes the outer header and
   forwards the packet on the access link to the mobile node.

   The mobile access gateway typically acts as a default router on the
   access link.  Any packet that the mobile node sends to any
   correspondent node will be received by the mobile access gateway and
   will be sent to its local mobility anchor through the bi-directional
   tunnel.  The local mobility anchor on the other end of the tunnel,
   after receiving the packet, removes the outer header and routes the
   packet to the destination.




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    +-----+          +-----+          +-----+          +-----+
    | MN  |          |p-MAG|          | LMA |          |n-MAG|
    +-----+          +-----+          +-----+          +-----+
       |                |                |                |
       |                |==Bi-Dir Tunnel=|                |
   MN Detached          |                |                |
       |         MN Detached Event       |                |
       |                |                |                |
       |                |-- PBU -------->|                |
       |                |                |                |
       |                |            Accept PBU           |
       |                |      (Start BCE delete timer)   |
       |                |                |                |
       |                |<-------- PBA --|                |
       |                |                |                |
   MN Attached          |                |                |
       |                |                |       MN Attached Event
       |                |                |   (Acquire MN-Id and Profile)
                               ....
                                    Registration steps as in fig 2.
                               ....
       |                |                |==Bi-Dir Tunnel=|
       |--- Rtr Sol ------------------------------------->|
       |                |                |                |
       |<------------------------------------ Rtr Adv ----|
       |                |                |                |
   MN retains HoA/HNP
       |                |                |                |


            Figure 3: Mobile Node Handoff - Signaling Call Flow



   Figure 3 shows the signaling call flow for the mobile node's handoff
   scenario.

   After obtaining the initial address configuration in the Proxy Mobile
   IPv6 domain, if the mobile node changes its point of attachment, the
   mobile access gateway on the new access link will signal the local
   mobility anchor for updating the binding and routing state.  The
   mobile node will continue to receive the Router Advertisements
   containing its home network prefix, making it believe it's still on
   the same link and can use the same address configuration on the new
   access link.






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4.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 Protocol Security

   The signaling messages, Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement, exchanged between the mobile access gateway and the
   local mobility anchor MUST be protected using end-to-end security
   association(s) offering integrity and data origin authentication.  A
   security association with the mobile node for which the signaling
   message is issued is not required for protection of these messages.

   The mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor MUST
   implement IPsec for protecting the Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling
   messages [RFC-4301].  IPsec is the default security mechanism for
   securing the signaling messages.  However in certain deployments of
   this protocol, other security mechanisms MAY be applied and the
   signaling messages must be protected using the semantics provided by
   that respective mechanism.

   IPsec ESP [RFC-4303] in transport mode with mandatory integrity
   protection SHOULD be used for protecting the signaling messages.
   Confidentiality protection of these messages is not required.

   IKEv2 [RFC-4306] SHOULD be used to setup security associations
   between the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor to
   protect the Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
   messages.  The mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor
   can use any of the authentication mechanisms, as specified in IKEv2,
   for mutual authentication.

   The Mobile IPv6 specification [RFC-3775] requires the home agent to
   prevent a mobile node from creating security associations or creating
   binding cache entries for another mobile node's home address.  In the
   protocol described in this document, the mobile node is not involved
   in creating security associations for protecting the signaling
   messages or sending binding updates.  Therefore, this is not a
   concern.  However, the local mobility anchor MUST allow only
   authorized mobile access gateways to create binding cache entries on
   behalf of the mobile nodes.  The actual mechanism by which the local
   mobility anchor verifies if a specific mobile access gateway is
   authorized to send Proxy Binding Updates on behalf of a mobile node
   is outside the scope of this document.  One possible way this could
   be achieved is by sending a query to the policy store, such as AAA.

4.1.  Peer Authorization Database Entries

   This section describes PAD entries on the mobile access gateway and
   the local mobility anchor.  The PAD entries are only example
   configurations.  Note that the PAD is a logical concept and a
   particular mobile access gateway or a local mobility anchor



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   implementation can implement the PAD in any implementation specific
   manner.  The PAD state may also be distributed across various
   databases in a specific implementation.


       mobile access gateway PAD:
         - IF remote_identity = lma_identity_1
              Then authenticate (shared secret/certificate/EAP)
              and authorize CHILD_SA for remote address lma_addres_1

       local mobility anchor PAD:
         - IF remote_identity = mag_identity_1
              Then authenticate (shared secret/certificate/EAP)
              and authorize CHILD_SAs for remote address mag_address_1


   The list of authentication mechanisms in the above examples is not
   exhaustive.  There could be other credentials used for authentication
   stored in the PAD.

4.2.  Security Policy Database Entries

   This section describes the security policy entries on the mobile
   access gateway and the local mobility anchor required to protect the
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 signaling messages.  The SPD entries are only
   example configurations.  A particular mobile access gateway or a
   local mobility anchor implementation could configure different SPD
   entries as long as they provide the required security.

   In the examples shown below, the identity of the mobile access
   gateway is assumed to be mag_1, the address of the mobile access
   gateway is assumed to be mag_address_1, and the address of the local
   mobility anchor is assumed to be lma_address_1.


      mobile access gateway SPD-S:
        - IF local_address = mag_address_1 &
             remote_address = lma_address_1 &
             proto = MH & local_mh_type = BU & remote_mh_type = BA
          Then use SA ESP transport mode
          Initiate using IDi = mag_1 to address lma_address_1

      local mobility anchor SPD-S:
        - IF local_address = lma_address_1 &
             remote_address = mag_address_1 &
             proto = MH & local_mh_type = BA & remote_mh_type = BU
          Then use SA ESP transport mode




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5.  Local Mobility Anchor Operation

   For supporting the Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol specified in this
   document, the home agent function, specified in [RFC-3775] requires
   certain functional modifications and enhancements.  The home agent
   with these modifications and enhanced capabilities for supporting
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol is referred to as the local mobility
   anchor.

   This section describes the operational details of the local mobility
   anchor.

5.1.  Extensions to Binding Cache Entry Data Structure

   Every local mobility anchor MUST maintain a Binding Cache entry for
   each currently registered mobile node.  Binding Cache entry is a
   conceptual data structure, described in Section 9.1 [RFC-3775].

   For supporting this specification, the Binding Cache Entry data
   structure needs to be extended with the following additional fields.


   o  A flag indicating whether or not this Binding Cache entry is
      created due to a proxy registration.  This flag is enabled for
      Binding Cache entries that are proxy registrations and is turned
      off for all other entries that are created due to the
      registrations directly sent by the mobile node.

   o  The identifier of the registered mobile node, MN-Identifier.  This
      identifier is obtained from the NAI Option [RFC-4283] present in
      the received Proxy Binding Update request.

   o  The Link-local address of the mobile node on the interface
      attached to the access link.  This is obtained from the Link-local
      Address option, present in the Proxy Binding Update request.

   o  The IPv6 home network prefix of the registered mobile node.  The
      home network prefix of the mobile node may have been statically
      configured in the mobile node's policy profile, or, it may have
      been dynamically allocated by the local mobility anchor.  The IPv6
      home network prefix also includes the corresponding prefix length.

   o  The interface identifier of the bi-directional tunnel established
      between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway
      where the mobile node is currently anchored.  The tunnel interface
      identifier is acquired during the tunnel creation.





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   o  The 64-bit timestamp value of the most recently accepted Proxy
      Binding Update request sent for this mobile node.  This is
      obtained from the Timestamp option, present in the request.

5.2.  Supported Home Network Prefix Models

   This specification supports Per-MN-Prefix model and does not support
   Shared-Prefix model.  As per the Per-MN-Prefix model, there will be
   an unique home network prefix assigned to each mobile node and no
   other node shares an address from that prefix.

   The mobile node's home network prefix is always hosted on the access
   link where the mobile node is anchored.  Conceptually, the entire
   home network prefix follows the mobile node as it moves within the
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.  The local mobility anchor is not required
   to perform any proxy ND operations [RFC-2461] for defending the
   mobile node's home address on the home link.  However, from the
   routing perspective, the home network prefix is topologically
   anchored on the local mobility anchor.

5.3.  Signaling Considerations


   Processing Binding Registrations

   Upon receiving a Proxy Binding Update request from a mobile access
   gateway on behalf of a mobile node, the local mobility anchor MUST
   process the request as defined in Section 10.3 [RFC-3775], with one
   exception that this request is a proxy binding registration request
   and hence the following additional considerations must be applied.


   o  The local mobility anchor MUST observe the rules described in
      Section 9.2 [RFC-3775] when processing Mobility Headers in the
      received Proxy Binding Update request.

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST identify the mobile node from the
      identifier present in the NAI option [RFC-4283] of the Proxy
      Binding Update request.  If the NAI option is not present in the
      Proxy Binding Update request, the local mobility anchor MUST
      reject the request and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
      message with Status field set to MISSING_MN_IDENTIFIER_OPTION
      (Missing mobile node identifier).

   o  If the local mobility anchor cannot identify the mobile node, from
      the NAI option [RFC-4283] present in the request, it MUST reject
      the Proxy Binding Update request and send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 133 (Not home



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      agent for this mobile node).

   o  If the local mobility anchor determines that the mobile node is
      not authorized for network-based mobility management service, it
      MUST reject the request and send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
      message with Status field set to PROXY_REG_NOT_ENABLED (Proxy
      Registration not enabled).

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST ignore the check, specified in
      Section 10.3.1 [RFC-3775], related to the presence of Home Address
      destination option in the Proxy Binding Update request.

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST authenticate the Proxy Binding
      Update request as described in Section 4.0.  It MUST use the SPI
      in the IPSec header [RFC-4306] of the received packet for locating
      the security association needed for authenticating the Proxy
      Binding Update request.

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST apply the required policy checks,
      as explained in Section 4.0, to verify the sender is a trusted
      mobile access gateway, authorized to send proxy binding
      registration requests on behalf of this mobile node.

   o  If the local mobility anchor determines that the requesting node
      is not authorized to send proxy binding registration requests, it
      MUST reject the Proxy Binding Update request and send a Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set to
      MAG_NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_PROXY_REG (Not authorized to send proxy
      registrations).

   o  If the Home Network Prefix option is not present in the Proxy
      Binding Update request, the local mobility anchor MUST reject the
      Proxy Binding Update request and send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 129
      (Administratively Prohibited).

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST apply the considerations specified
      in Section 5.4, for processing the Sequence Number field and the
      Timestamp option, in the Proxy Binding Update request.

   o  The local mobility anchor MUST use the identifier in the NAI
      option [RFC-4283] present in the Proxy Binding Update request for
      performing the Binding Cache entry existence test.  If the entry
      does not exist, the local mobility anchor MUST consider this
      request as an initial binding registration request.  If the entry
      exists, the local mobility anchor MUST consider this request as an
      binding re-registration request.  However, from the perspective of
      the mobile access gateway that sent the request, this binding re-



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      registration request may be an initial Binding Update request
      after the mobile node's attachment to that mobile access gateway.


   Initial Binding Registration:

   o  If the Home Network Prefix option present in the Proxy Binding
      Update request has the value 0::/0, the local mobility anchor MUST
      allocate a prefix for the mobile node and send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message including the Home Network Prefix option
      containing the allocated prefix value.  The specific details on
      how the local mobility anchor allocates the home network prefix is
      outside the scope of this document.  The local mobility anchor
      MUST ensure the allocated prefix is not in use by any other mobile
      node.

   o  If the local mobility anchor is unable to allocate a home network
      prefix for the mobile node, it MUST reject the request and send a
      Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 130
      (Insufficient resources).

   o  If the Home Network Prefix option present in the request has a
      specific prefix hint, the local mobility anchor before accepting
      that request, MUST ensure the prefix is owned by the local
      mobility anchor and further the mobile node is authorized to use
      that prefix.  If the mobile node is not authorized to use that
      prefix, the local mobility anchor MUST reject the request and send
      a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set to
      NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_HOME_NETWORK_PREFIX (Mobile node not authorized
      to use that prefix).

   o  Upon accepting the request, the local mobility anchor MUST create
      a Binding Cache entry for the mobile node.  It must set the fields
      in the Binding Cache entry to the accepted values for that
      binding.  If there is a Link-local Address option present in the
      request, the address must be copied to the link-local address
      field in the Binding Cache entry.

   o  Upon accepting the Proxy Binding Update request, the local
      mobility anchor MUST establish a bi-directional tunnel to the
      mobile access gateway, as described in [RFC-2473].  Considerations
      from Section 5.5 must be applied.


   Binding Re-Registration:

   o  If the requesting prefix in the Home Network Prefix option is a
      non 0::/0 value and is different from what is present in the



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      currently active Binding Cache entry for that mobile node, the
      local mobility anchor MUST reject the request and send a Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 129
      (Administratively Prohibited).

   o  If there is a Link-local Address option present in the request
      with a value other than ALL_ZERO (not set), and upon accepting the
      binding re-registration request, the local mobility anchor MUST
      update the link-local address field in the Binding Cache entry to
      the address value received in the request.

   o  Upon accepting a Proxy Binding Update request for extending the
      lifetime of a currently active binding for a mobile node, the
      local mobility anchor MUST update the existing Binding Cache entry
      for this mobile node.  Unless there exists an established bi-
      directional tunnel to the mobile access gateway with the same
      transport and encapsulation mode, the local mobility anchor MUST
      create a tunnel to the mobile access gateway, as described in
      [RFC-2473] and also delete the existing tunnel route to the
      previous mobile access gateway.  It MUST also send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message to the mobile access gateway with the
      Status field set to 0 (Proxy Binding Update Accepted).


   Binding De-Registration:

   o  If the prefix in the Home Network Prefix option is a non 0::/0
      value and is different from what is present in the currently
      active Binding Cache entry for that mobile node, the local
      mobility anchor MUST reject the request and send a Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message with Status field set to 129
      (Administratively Prohibited).

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Update request with the lifetime
      value of zero, has a Source Address in the IPv6 header, different
      from what is present in the Proxy-CoA address field in the Binding
      Cache entry existing for that mobile node, the local mobility
      anchor MAY either choose to ignore the request or send a valid
      Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with the Status field set to
      0 (Proxy Binding Update Accepted).  However, it MUST NOT delete
      the mobile node's Binding Cache entry or modify the routing state
      created for that mobile node.

   o  Upon accepting the Proxy Binding Update request for a mobile node,
      with the lifetime value of zero, the local mobility anchor MUST
      wait for MinDelayBeforeBCEDelete amount of time, before it deletes
      the mobile node's Binding Cache entry.  Within this wait period,
      if the local mobility anchor receives a Proxy Binding Update



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      request message for the same mobile node with the lifetime value
      of greater than zero, and if that request is accepted, then the
      Binding Cache entry MUST NOT be deleted, but must be updated with
      the newly accepted registration values.  The local mobility anchor
      MUST send the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message, immediately
      upon accepting the request.  However, within this wait period, if
      the local mobility anchor does not receive any valid binding
      registration request for that mobile node, then at the end of this
      wait period, it MUST delete the mobile node's Binding Cache entry
      and remove the routing state created for that mobile node.


   Constructing the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message:

   o  The local mobility anchor when sending the Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message to the mobile access gateway MUST
      construct the message as specified below.



               IPv6 header (src=LMAA, dst=Proxy-CoA)
                    Mobility header
                        -BA /*P flag is set*/
                       Mobility Options
                          - Home Network Prefix Option
                          - Link-local Address Option (optional)
                          - Timestamp Option (optional)
                          - NAI Option


                 Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message format

   o  The Source Address field in the IPv6 header of the message SHOULD
      be set to the destination address of the received Proxy Binding
      Update request.

   o  The Destination Address field in the IPv6 header of the message
      SHOULD be set to the source address of the received Proxy Binding
      Update request.

   o  The Home Network Prefix option MUST be present in the Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message if and only if the same option was
      present in the corresponding Proxy Binding Update request message.

   o  If the Status field is set to a value greater than or equal to
      128, i.e., if the binding request was rejected, then the prefix
      value in the Home Network Prefix option MUST be set to the prefix
      value from the received Home Network Prefix option.  For all other



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      cases, the prefix value MUST be set to the allocated prefix value
      for that mobile node.

   o  The Link-local Address option MUST be present in the Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message if and only if the same option was present
      in the corresponding Proxy Binding Update request message.

   o  If the Status field is set to a value greater than or equal to
      128, i.e., if the binding request was rejected, then the link-
      local address value in the Link-local Address option MUST be set
      to the value from the received Link-local Address option.

   o  If there is an existing Binding Cache entry for the mobile node
      with the link-local address value of ALL_ZERO (value not set), or
      if there was no existing Binding Cache entry, then the link-local
      address MUST be copied from the Link-local Address option in the
      received Proxy Binding Update request.  For all other cases, it
      MUST be copied from the mobile node's Binding Cache entry.

   o  Considerations from Section 5.4 must be applied for constructing
      the Timestamp option.

   o  The identifier in the NAI option [RFC-4283] MUST be copied from
      the received Proxy Binding Update request.  If the Status field
      value is set to MISSING_MN_IDENTIFIER_OPTION, the NAI option MUST
      NOT be present in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  The message MUST be protected by using IPsec, using the security
      association existing between the local mobility anchor and the
      mobile access gateway.

   o  The Type 2 Routing header MUST NOT be present in the IPv6 header
      of the packet.

5.4.  Timestamp Option for Message Ordering

   Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775] uses the Sequence Number field in binding
   registration messages as a way for the home agent to process the
   binding updates in the order they were sent by a mobile node.  The
   home agent and the mobile node are required to manage this counter
   over the lifetime of a binding.  However, in Proxy Mobile IPv6, as
   the mobile node moves from one mobile access gateway to another and
   in the absence of context transfer mechanism, the serving mobile
   access gateway will be unable to determine the sequence number that
   it needs to use in the signaling messages.  Hence, the sequence
   number scheme, as specified in [RFC-3775], will be insufficient for
   Proxy Mobile IPv6.




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   If the local mobility anchor cannot determine the sending order of
   the received binding registration messages, it may potentially
   process an older message sent by a mobile access gateway where the
   mobile node was previously anchored, resulting in an incorrect
   Binding Cache entry.

   For solving this problem, this specification adopts two alternative
   solutions.  One is based on timestamps and the other based on
   sequence numbers, as defined in [RFC-3775].

   The basic principle behind the use of timestamps in binding
   registration messages is that the node generating the message inserts
   the current time-of-day, and the node receiving the message checks
   that this timestamp is greater than all previously accepted
   timestamps.  The timestamp based solution may be used, when the
   serving mobile access gateways in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain do not
   have the ability to obtain the last sequence number that was sent in
   a binding registration message for updating a given mobile node's
   binding.

   As an alternative to the Timestamp based approach, the specification
   also allows the use of Sequence Number based scheme, as per [RFC-
   3775].  However, for this scheme to work, the serving mobile access
   gateways in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain MUST have the ability to
   obtain the last sequence number that was sent in a binding
   registration message for updating a given mobile node's binding.  The
   sequence number MUST be maintained on a per mobile node basis and
   MUST be synchronized between the serving mobile access gateways.
   This may be achieved by using context transfer schemes or by
   maintaining the sequence number in a policy store.  However, the
   specific details on how the mobile node's sequence number is
   synchronized between different mobile access gateways is outside the
   scope of this document.


   Using Timestamps based approach:

   o  A local mobility anchor implementation MUST support Timestamp
      option.  If the Timestamp option is present in the received Proxy
      Binding Update request message, then the local mobility anchor
      MUST include a valid Timestamp option in the Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message that it sends to the mobile access
      gateway.

   o  All the mobility entities in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain that are
      exchanging binding registration messages using the Timestamp
      option must have adequately synchronized time-of-day clocks.  This
      is the essential requirement for this solution to work.  If this



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      requirement is not met, the solution will not predictably work in
      all cases.

   o  The mobility entities in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain SHOULD
      synchronize their clocks to a common time source.  For
      synchronizing the clocks, the nodes may use Network Time Protocol
      [RFC-4330].  Deployments may also adopt other approaches suitable
      for that specific deployment.

   o  When generating the timestamp value for building the Timestamp
      option, the mobility entities MUST ensure that the generated
      timestamp is the elapsed time past the same reference epoch, as
      specified in the format for the Timestamp option [Section 8.5].

   o  If the Timestamp option is present in the received Proxy Binding
      Update message, the local mobility anchor MUST ignore the sequence
      number field in the message.  However, it MUST copy the sequence
      number from the received Proxy Binding Update message to the Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  Upon receipt of a Proxy Binding Update message with the Timestamp
      option, the local mobility anchor MUST check the timestamp field
      for validity.  In order for it to be considered valid, the
      timestamp value contained in the Timestamp option MUST be close
      enough to the local mobility anchor's time-of-day clock and the
      timestamp MUST be greater than all previously accepted timestamps
      in the Proxy Binding Update messages sent for that mobile node.

   o  If the timestamp value in the received Proxy Binding Update is
      valid (validity as specified in the above considerations), the
      local mobility anchor MUST return the same timestamp value in the
      Timestamp option included in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
      message that it sends to the mobile access gateway.

   o  If the timestamp value in the received Proxy Binding Update is not
      valid (validity as specified in the above considerations), the
      local mobility anchor MUST reject the Proxy Binding Update and
      send a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message with Status field set
      to TIMESTAMP_MISMATCH (Timestamp mismatch).  The message MUST also
      include the Timestamp option with the value set to the current
      time-of-day on the local mobility anchor.


   Using Sequence Number based approach:

   o  If the Timestamp option is not present in the received Proxy
      Binding Update request, the local mobility anchor MUST fallback to
      the Sequence Number based scheme.  It MUST process the sequence



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      number field as specified in [RFC-3775].  Also, it MUST NOT
      include the Timestamp option in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
      messages that it sends to the mobile access gateway.

   o  An implementation MUST support Sequence Number based scheme, as
      per [RFC-3775].

5.5.  Routing Considerations

5.5.1.  Bi-Directional Tunnel Management


   o  A bi-directional tunnel is established between the local mobility
      anchor and the mobile access gateway with IP-in-IP encapsulation,
      as described in [RFC-2473].  The tunnel end points are the Proxy-
      CoA and LMAA.  When using IPv4 transport with a specific
      encapsulation mode, the end points of the tunnel are the IPv4-LMAA
      and IPv4-Proxy-CoA, as specified in [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].

   o  The bi-directional tunnel is used for routing the mobile node's
      data traffic between the mobile access gateway and the local
      mobility anchor.  The tunnel hides the topology and enables a
      mobile node to use an address from its home network prefix from
      any access link attached to the mobile access gateway.

   o  The bi-directional tunnel is established after accepting the Proxy
      Binding Update request message.  The created tunnel may be shared
      with other mobile nodes attached to the same mobile access gateway
      and with the local mobility anchor having a Binding Cache entry
      for those mobile nodes.  Implementations MAY choose to use static
      tunnels instead of dynamically creating and tearing them down on a
      need basis.

   o  The tunnel between the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
      gateway is typically a shared tunnel and can be used for routing
      traffic streams for different mobile nodes attached to the same
      mobile access gateway.

   o  Implementations typically use a software timer for managing the
      tunnel lifetime and a counter for keeping a count of all the
      mobile nodes that are sharing the tunnel.  The timer value will be
      set to the accepted binding life-time and will be updated after
      each periodic re-registration for extending the lifetime.  If the
      tunnel is shared for multiple mobile nodes, the tunnel lifetime
      will be set to the highest binding lifetime that is granted to any
      one of those mobile nodes sharing that tunnel.





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5.5.2.  Forwarding Considerations

   Intercepting Packets Sent to the Mobile Node's Home Network:

   o  When the local mobility anchor is serving a mobile node, it MUST
      be able to receive packets that are sent to the mobile node's home
      network.  In order for it to receive those packets, it MUST
      advertise a connected route in to the Routing Infrastructure for
      the mobile node's home network prefix or for an aggregated prefix
      with a larger scope.  This essentially enables IPv6 routers in
      that network to detect the local mobility anchor as the last-hop
      router for that prefix.


   Forwarding Packets to the Mobile Node:

   o  On receiving a packet from a correspondent node with the
      destination address matching a mobile node's home network prefix,
      the local mobility anchor MUST forward the packet through the bi-
      directional tunnel setup for that mobile node.  The format of the
      tunneled packet is shown below.  However, when using IPv4
      transport, the format of the packet is as described in [ID-IPV4-
      PMIP6].


        IPv6 header (src= LMAA, dst= Proxy-CoA  /* Tunnel Header */
           IPv6 header (src= CN, dst= MN-HOA )  /* Packet Header */
              Upper layer protocols             /* Packet Content*/



                  Figure 7: Tunneled Packets from LMA to MAG


   Forwarding Packets Sent by the Mobile Node:

   o  All the reverse tunneled packets that the local mobility anchor
      receives from the mobile access gateway, after removing the tunnel
      header MUST be routed to the destination specified in the inner
      packet header.  These routed packets will have the source address
      field set to the mobile node's home address.

5.6.  Local Mobility Anchor Address Discovery

   Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery, as explained in Section 10.5
   [RFC-3775], allows a mobile node to discover all the home agents on
   its home link by sending an ICMP Home Agent Address Discovery Request
   message to the Mobile IPv6 Home-Agents anycast address, derived from



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   its home network prefix.

   The DHAAD message in the current form cannot be used in Proxy Mobile
   IPv6 for discovering the address of the mobile node's local mobility
   anchor.  In Proxy Mobile IPv6, the local mobility anchor will not be
   able to receive any messages sent to the Mobile IPv6 Home-Agents
   anycast address corresponding to the mobile node's home network
   prefix, as the prefix is not hosted on any of its interfaces.
   Further, the mobile access gateway will not predictably be able to
   locate the serving local mobility anchor that has the mobile node's
   binding cache entry.  Hence, this specification does not support
   Dynamic Home Agent Address Discovery protocol.

   In Proxy Mobile IPv6, the address of the local mobility anchor
   configured to serve a mobile node can be discovered by the mobility
   entities in other ways.  This may be a configured entry in the mobile
   node's policy profile, or it may be obtained through mechanisms
   outside the scope of this document.

5.7.  Mobile Prefix Discovery Considerations

   The ICMP Mobile Prefix Advertisement message, described in Section
   6.8 and Section 11.4.3 of [RFC-3775], allows a home agent to send a
   Mobile Prefix Advertisement to the mobile node.

   In Proxy Mobile IPv6, the mobile node's home network prefix is hosted
   on the access link connected to the mobile access gateway, but it is
   topologically anchored on the local mobility anchor.  Since there is
   no physical home-link for the mobile node's home network prefix on
   the local mobility anchor and as the mobile node is always on the
   link where the prefix is hosted, any prefix change messages can just
   be advertised by the mobile access gateway on the access link and
   thus there is no applicability of this message for Proxy Mobile IPv6.
   Hence, this specification does not support Mobile Prefix Discovery.

5.8.  Route Optimizations Considerations

   The Route Optimization in Mobile IPv6, as defined in [RFC-3775],
   enables a mobile node to communicate with a correspondent node
   directly using its care-of address and further the Return Routability
   procedure enables the correspondent node to have reasonable trust
   that the mobile node is reachable at both its home address and
   care-of address.

   In Proxy Mobile IPv6, the mobile node is not involved in any mobility
   related signaling.  The mobile node uses only its home address for
   all its communication and the Care-of address (Proxy-CoA) is not
   visible to the mobile node.  Hence, the Return Routability procedure



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   as defined in Mobile IPv6 cannot be used in Proxy Mobile IPv6.


6.  Mobile Access Gateway Operation

   The Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol described in this document introduces
   a new functional entity, the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG).  The mobile
   access gateway is the entity that is responsible for detecting the
   mobile node's movements on its access link and sending the binding
   registration requests to the local mobility anchor.  In essence, the
   mobile access gateway performs mobility management on behalf of a
   mobile node.

   The mobile access gateway is a function that typically runs on an
   access router.  However, implementations MAY choose to split this
   function and run it across multiple systems.  The specifics on how
   that is achieved or the signaling interactions between those
   functional entities are beyond the scope of this document.

   The mobile access gateway has the following key functional roles:

   o  It is responsible for detecting the mobile node's movements on the
      access link and for initiating the mobility signaling with the
      mobile node's local mobility anchor.

   o  Emulation of the mobile node's home link on the access link by
      sending Router Advertisements with the mobile node's home network
      prefix information.

   o  Responsible for setting up the data path for enabling the mobile
      node to configure an address from its home network prefix and use
      it from its access link.

6.1.  Extensions to Binding Update List Entry Data Structure

   Every mobile access gateway MUST maintain a Binding Update List.
   Each entry in the Binding Update List represents a mobile node's
   mobility binding with its local mobility anchor.  The Binding Update
   List is a conceptual data structure, described in Section 11.1 [RFC-
   3775].

   For supporting this specification, the conceptual Binding Update List
   entry data structure needs be extended with the following additional
   fields.


   o  The Identifier of the attached mobile node, MN-Identifier.  This
      identifier is acquired during the mobile node's attachment to the



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      access link or through mechanisms outside the scope of this
      document.

   o  The Link-layer address of the mobile node.  This address can be
      acquired from the received Router Solicitation messages from the
      mobile node or during the mobile node's attachment to the access
      network.

   o  The IPv6 home network prefix of the attached mobile node.  The
      home network prefix of the mobile node is acquired from the mobile
      node's local mobility anchor through the received Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement messages.  The IPv6 home network prefix also
      includes the corresponding prefix length.

   o  The Link-local address of the mobile node on the interface
      attached to the access link.

   o  The IPv6 address of the local mobility anchor serving the attached
      mobile node.  This address is acquired from the mobile node's
      policy profile.

   o  The interface identifier of the access link where the mobile node
      is currently attached.  The interface identifier is acquired
      during the mobile node's attachment to the access link.

   o  The interface identifier of the bi-directional tunnel between the
      mobile node's local mobility anchor and the mobile access gateway.
      The tunnel interface identifier is acquired during the tunnel
      creation.

6.2.  Mobile Node's Policy Profile

   A mobile node's policy profile contains the essential operational
   parameters that are required by the network entities for managing the
   mobile node's mobility service.  These policy profiles are stored in
   a local or a remote policy store.  The mobile access gateway and the
   local mobility anchor MUST be able to obtain a mobile node's policy
   profile.  The policy profile may also be handed over to a serving
   mobile access gateway as part of a context transfer procedure during
   a handoff.  The exact details on how this achieved is outside the
   scope of this document.  However, this specification requires that a
   mobile access gateway serving a mobile node MUST have access to its
   policy profile.

   The following are the mandatory fields of the policy profile:

   o  The mobile node's identifier (MN-Identifier)




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   o  The IPv6 address of the local mobility anchor (LMAA)

   o  Supported address configuration procedures on the link (Stateful,
      Stateless or both)


   The following are the optional fields of the policy profile:

   o  The mobile node's IPv6 home network prefix (MN-HNP)


6.3.  Supported Access Link Types

   This specification supports only point-to-point access link types and
   thus it assumes that the mobile node and the mobile access gateway
   are the only two nodes on the access link.  The link is assumed to
   have multicast capability.  This protocol may also be used on other
   link types, as long as the link is configured in such a way that it
   guarantees a point-to-point delivery between the mobile node and the
   mobile access gateway for all the protocol traffic.

6.4.  Supported Address Configuration Models

   A mobile node in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain can configure one or
   more IPv6 addresses on its interface using Stateless or Stateful
   address autoconfiguration procedures.  The Router Advertisement
   messages sent on the access link specify the address configuration
   methods permitted on that access link for that mobile node.  However,
   the advertised flags with respect to the address configuration will
   be consistent for a mobile node, on any of the access links in that
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.  Typically, these configuration settings
   will be based on the domain wide policy or based on a policy specific
   to each mobile node.

   When stateless address autoconfiguration is supported on the link,
   the mobile node can generate one or more IPv6 addresses by combining
   the network prefix advertised on the access link with an interface
   identifier, using the techniques described in Stateless
   Autoconfiguration specification [RFC-2462] or as per Privacy
   extension specification [RFC-3041].

   When stateful address autoconfiguration is supported on the link, the
   mobile node can obtain the address configuration from the DHCPv6
   server using DHCPv6 client protocol, as specified in DHCPv6
   specification [RFC-3315].

   Additionally, other address configuration mechanisms specific to the
   access link between the mobile node and the mobile access gateway may



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   also be used for pushing the address configuration to the mobile
   node.

6.5.  Access Authentication & Mobile Node Identification

   When a mobile node attaches to an access link connected to the mobile
   access gateway, the deployed access security protocols on that link
   SHOULD ensure that the network-based mobility management service is
   offered only after authenticating and authorizing the mobile node for
   that service.  The exact specifics on how this is achieved or the
   interactions between the mobile access gateway and the access
   security service is outside the scope of this document.  This
   specification goes with the stated assumption of having an
   established trust between the mobile node and mobile access gateway,
   before the protocol operation begins.

6.6.  Acquiring Mobile Node's Identifier

   All the network entities in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain MUST be able
   to identify a mobile node, using its MN-Identifier.  This identifier
   MUST be stable across the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain and the entities
   must be able to use this identifier in the signaling messages.
   Typically, this identifier is obtained as part of the access
   authentication or through other means as specified below.

   o  The identifier of the mobile node that the mobile access gateway
      obtains as part of the access authentication or from the notified
      network attachment event, can be a temporary identifier and this
      identifier may also change at each re-authentication.  However,
      the mobile access gateway MUST be able to authenticate the mobile
      node based on this identifier and MUST be able to obtain the MN-
      Identifier from the policy store, such as from the RADIUS
      attribute, Chargeable-User-Identifier.

   o  The MN-Identifier that the policy store delivers to the mobile
      access gateway may not be the true identifier of the mobile node.
      However, the mobility access gateway MUST be able to use this
      identifier in the signaling messages exchanged with the local
      mobility anchor.

   o  The mobile access gateway MUST be able identify the mobile node by
      its MN-Identifier and it MUST be able to associate this identity
      to the sender of any IPv4 or IPv6 packets on the access link.








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6.7.  Home Network Emulation

   One of the key functions of a mobile access gateway is to emulate the
   mobile node's home network on the access link.  It must ensure, the
   mobile node believes it is still connected to its home link or on the
   link where it obtained its initial address configuration after it
   moved into that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.

   For emulating the mobile node's home link on the access link, the
   mobile access gateway must be able to send Router Advertisements
   advertising the mobile node's home network prefix and other address
   configuration parameters consistent with its home link properties.

   Typically, the mobile access gateway learns the mobile node's home
   network prefix information from the received Proxy Binding
   Acknowledgement message or it may be obtained from the mobile node's
   policy profile.  However, the mobile access gateway SHOULD send the
   Router Advertisements advertising the mobile node's home network
   prefix only after successfully completing the binding registration
   with the mobile node's local mobility anchor.

   When advertising the home network prefix in the Router Advertisement
   messages, the mobile access gateway MAY set the prefix lifetime value
   for the advertised prefix to any chosen value at its own discretion.
   An implementation MAY choose to tie the prefix lifetime to the mobile
   node's binding lifetime.  The prefix lifetime can also be an optional
   configuration parameter in the mobile node's policy profile.

6.8.  Link-Local and Global Address Uniqueness

   A mobile node in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, as it moves from one
   mobile access gateway to the other, will continue to detect its home
   network and thus making it believe it is still on the same link.
   Every time the mobile node attaches to a new link, the event related
   to the interface state change will trigger the mobile node to perform
   DAD operation on the link-local and global addresses.  However, if
   the mobile node is DNAv6 enabled, as specified in [ID-DNAV6], it may
   not detect the link change due to DNAv6 optimizations and may not
   trigger the duplicate address detection (DAD) procedure for
   establishing the link-local address uniqueness on that new link.
   Further, if the mobile node uses an interface identifier that is not
   based on EUI-64 identifier, such as specified in IPv6 Stateless
   Autoconfiguration specification [RFC-2462], there is a very low
   possibility of a link-local address collision between the two
   neighbors on that access link.

   For solving this problem, this specification allows the mobile access
   gateway to upload the mobile node's link-local address to the local



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   mobility anchor using the Link-local Address option, exchanged in the
   binding registration messages.  The mobile access gateway can learn
   the mobile node's link-local address, by snooping the DAD messages
   sent by the mobile node for establishing the link-local address
   uniqueness on the access link.  Subsequently, at each handoff, the
   mobile access gateway can obtain this address from the local mobility
   anchor to ensure link-local address uniqueness and may change its own
   link-local address, if it detects a collision.

   Alternatively, one of the workarounds for this issue is to set the
   DNAv6 configuration parameter, DNASameLinkDADFlag to TRUE and that
   will force the mobile node to redo DAD operation every time the
   interface detects a handover, even when DNAv6 does not detect a link
   change.

   However, this issue will not impact point-to-point links based on a
   PPP session.  Each time the mobile node moves and attaches to a new
   mobile access gateway, either the PPP session [RFC-1661] is
   reestablished or the PPP session may be moved as part of context
   transfer procedures between the old and the new mobile access
   gateway.

   When the mobile node tries to establish a PPP session with the mobile
   access gateway, the PPP goes through the Network layer Protocol phase
   and the IPv6 Control Protocol, IPV6CP [RFC-2472] gets triggered.
   Both the PPP peers negotiate a unique identifier using Interface-
   Identifier option in IPV6CP and the negotiated identifier is used for
   generating a unique link-local address on that link.  Now, if the
   mobile node moves to a new mobile access gateway, the PPP session
   gets torn down with the old mobile access gateway and a new PPP
   session gets established with the new mobile access gateway, and the
   mobile node obtains a new link-local address.  So, even if the mobile
   node is DNAv6 capable, the mobile node always configures a new link-
   local address when ever it moves to a new link.

   If the PPP session state is moved to the new mobile access gateway as
   part of context transfer procedures that are in place, there will not
   be any change to the interface identifiers of the two nodes on that
   point-to-point change.  The whole link is moved to the new mobile
   access gateway and there will not be any need for establishing link-
   local address uniqueness on that link.

   The issue of address collision is not relevant to the mobile node's
   global address.  Since there is an unique home network prefix
   assigned for each mobile node, the uniqueness for the mobile node's
   global address is assured on the access link.





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6.9.  Signaling Considerations

6.9.1.  Binding Registrations

   Mobile Node Attachment and Initial Binding Registration:

   o  After detecting a new mobile node on its access link, the mobile
      access gateway must identify the mobile node and acquire its MN-
      Identifier.  If it determines that the network-based mobility
      management service needs to be offered to the mobile node, it MUST
      send a Proxy Binding Update message to the local mobility anchor.

   o  The Proxy Binding Update message MUST have the NAI option [RFC-
      4283], identifying the mobile node, the Home Network Prefix
      option, either the Timestamp option or a valid sequence number and
      optionally the Link-local Address option.  When Timestamp option
      is added to the message, the mobile access gateway MAY set the
      Sequence Number field to a value of a monotonically increasing
      counter and the local mobility anchor will ignore this field, but
      will return the same value in the Proxy Binding Acknowledgement
      message.  This will be useful for matching the reply to the
      request message.

   o  The Home Address option MUST not be present in the Destination
      Option extension header of the Proxy Binding Update message.

   o  If the mobile access gateway learns the mobile node's home network
      prefix either from its policy store or from other means, the
      mobile access gateway MAY choose to specify the same in the Home
      Network Prefix option for requesting the local mobility anchor to
      allocate that prefix.  If the specified value is 0::/0, then the
      local mobility anchor will consider this as a request for prefix
      allocation.


   Receiving Binding Registration Reply:

   o  The mobile access gateway MUST observe the rules described in
      Section 9.2 [RFC-3775] when processing Mobility Headers in the
      received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  The message MUST be authenticated as described in Section 4.0.
      The SPI in the IPSec header [RFC-4306] of the received packet must
      be used for locating the security association needed for
      authenticating the message.

   o  The mobile access gateway MUST apply the considerations specified
      in Section 5.4 for processing the Sequence Number field and the



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      Timestamp option, in the message.

   o  The mobile access gateway MUST ignore any checks, specified in
      [RFC-3775] related to the presence of Type 2 Routing header in the
      Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

   o  If the Timestamp option is present in the received Proxy Binding
      Acknowledgement message and with the Status field value set to any
      value other than TIMESTAMP_MISMATCH (Invalid Timestamp), the
      mobile access gateway MAY use the timestamp value for matching the
      response to the request message that it sent recently.  For all
      other cases, it MAY use the sequence number in combination with
      the identifier present in the NAI option for matching the response
      to the request.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      Status field value set to PROXY_REG_NOT_ENABLED (Proxy
      registration not enabled for the mobile node), the mobile access
      gateway SHOULD not send binding registration requests again for
      that mobile node.  It must also deny the mobility service to that
      mobile node.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      Status field value set to TIMESTAMP_MISMATCH (Invalid Timestamp),
      the mobile access gateway SHOULD try to register again only after
      it has synchronized its clock to a common time source that is used
      by all the mobility entities in that domain for their clock
      synchronization.  The mobile access gateway SHOULD NOT synchronize
      its clock to the local mobility anchor's system clock, based on
      the timestamp present in the received message.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      Status field value set to NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_HOME_NETWORK_PREFIX
      (Not authorized for that prefix), the mobile access gateway SHOULD
      try to request for that prefix in the binding registration
      request, only after it learned the validity of that prefix.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      Status field value set to any value greater than or equal to 128
      (i.e., if the binding is rejected), the mobile access gateway MUST
      NOT advertise the mobile node's home network prefix in the Router
      Advertisements sent on that access link and there by denying
      mobility service to the mobile node.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      Status field value set to 0 (Proxy Binding Update accepted) and if
      there is no existing Binding Update List entry for that mobile
      node, the mobile access gateway MUST create a Binding Update List



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      entry and must setup the routing state, as explained in section
      6.10.  But, if there is an existing Binding Update List entry for
      that mobile node, the entry MUST be updated reflecting the
      accepted binding registration.

   o  If the received Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message has the
      address in the Link-local Address option set to a value that
      matches its own link-local address on that access interface where
      the mobile node is anchored, the mobile access gateway MUST change
      its link-local address on that interface.


   Extending Binding Lifetime:

   o  For extending the lifetime of a currently registered mobile node
      (i.e., if there exists a Binding Update List entry for that mobile
      node), the mobile access gateway MUST send a Proxy Binding Update
      message to the local mobility anchor.  The prefix value in the
      Home Network Prefix option present in the request SHOULD be set to
      the currently registered home network prefix and the value in the
      Link-local Address option may be set to ALL_ZERO or to the link-
      local address of the mobile node.


   Mobile Node Detachment and Binding De-Registration:

   o  At any point, if the mobile access gateway detects that the mobile
      node has moved away from its access link, it MUST send a Proxy
      Binding Update message to the local mobility anchor with the
      lifetime value set to zero.

   o  Either upon receipt of a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message
      from the local mobility anchor or after a certain timeout waiting
      for the reply, the mobile access gateway MUST remove the binding
      entry for that mobile node from its Binding Update List and
      withdraw the mobile node's home network prefix as the hosted on-
      link prefix on that access link.


   Constructing the Proxy Binding Update Message:

   o  The mobile access gateway when sending the Proxy Binding Update
      request to the local mobility anchor MUST construct the message as
      specified below.







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               IPv6 header (src=Proxy-CoA, dst=LMAA)
                    Mobility header
                        -BU /*P & A flags are set*/
                       Mobility Options
                          - Home Network Prefix option
                          - Link-local Address option (Optional)
                          - Timestamp Option (optional)
                          - NAI Option


                     Proxy Binding Update message format

   o  The Source Address field in the IPv6 header of the message SHOULD
      be set to the address of the mobile access gateway.

   o  The Destination Address field in the IPv6 header of the message
      SHOULD be set to the local mobility anchor address.

   o  The Home Network Prefix option MUST be present.  The prefix value
      may be set 0::/0 or to a specific prefix value.

   o  The Link-local Address option MAY be present.  The value may be
      set to ALL_ZERO or the mobile node's link-local address.

   o  Considerations from Section 5.4 must be applied for constructing
      the Timestamp option.

   o  The NAI option [RFC-4283] MUST be present, the identifier field in
      the option MUST be set to mobile node's identifier, MN-Identifier.

   o  The message MUST be protected by using IPsec, using the security
      association existing between the local mobility anchor and the
      mobile access gateway.

6.9.2.  Router Solicitation Messages

   The mobile node sends a Router Solicitation message on the access
   link when ever the link-layer detects a media change.  The Source
   Address in the IPv6 header of the Router Solicitation message may
   either be the link-local address of the mobile node or an unspecified
   address (::).


   o  The mobile access gateway on receiving the Router Solicitation
      message SHOULD send a Router Advertisement containing the mobile
      node's home network prefix as the on-link prefix.  However, before
      sending the Router Advertisement message containing the mobile
      node's home network prefix, it SHOULD complete the binding



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      registration process with the mobile node's local mobility anchor.

   o  If the local mobility anchor rejects the binding registration
      request, or, if the mobile access gateway failed to complete the
      binding registration process for what ever reasons, the mobile
      access gateway MUST NOT advertise the mobile node's home network
      prefix in the Router Advertisement messages that it sends on the
      access link.  However, it MAY choose to advertise a local visitor
      network prefix to enable the mobile node for simple IPv6 access.

6.9.3.  Retransmissions and Rate Limiting

   The mobile access gateway is responsible for retransmissions and rate
   limiting the binding registration requests that it sends for updating
   a mobile node's binding.  Implementations MUST follow the below
   guidelines.


   o  When the mobile access gateway sends a Proxy Binding Update
      request, it should use the constant, INITIAL_BINDINGACK_TIMEOUT
      [RFC-3775], for configuring the retransmission timer.

   o  If the mobile access gateway fails to receive a valid matching
      response within the retransmission interval, it SHOULD retransmit
      the message until a response is received.

   o  As specified in Section 11.8 [RFC-3775], the mobile access gateway
      MUST use an exponential back-off process in which the timeout
      period is doubled upon each retransmission, until either the node
      receives a response or the timeout period reaches the value
      MAX_BINDACK_TIMEOUT [RFC-3775].  The mobile access gateway MAY
      continue to send these messages at this slower rate indefinitely.

   o  If Timestamp based scheme is in use, the retransmitted Proxy
      Binding Update messages MUST use the latest timestamp.  If
      Sequence number scheme is in use, the retransmitted Proxy Binding
      Update messages MUST use a Sequence Number value greater than that
      used for the previous transmission of this Proxy Binding Update
      message, just as specified in [RFC-3775].

6.10.  Routing Considerations

   This section describes how the mobile access gateway handles the
   traffic to/from the mobile node that is attached to one of its access
   interface.






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                 Proxy-CoA                   LMAA
                    |                          |
    +--+          +---+                      +---+          +--+
    |MN|----------|MAG|======================|LMA|----------|CN|
    +--+          +---+                      +---+          +--+
                            IPv6 Tunnel


6.10.1.  Transport Network

   The transport network between the local mobility anchor and the
   mobile access gateway can be either an IPv6 or IPv4 network.
   However, this specification only deals with the IPv6 transport and
   the companion document [ID-IPV4-PMIP6] specifies the required
   extensions for negotiating IPv4 transport and the corresponding
   encapsulation mode for supporting this protocol operation.

6.10.2.  Tunneling & Encapsulation Modes

   The IPv6 address that a mobile node uses from its home network prefix
   is topologically anchored at the local mobility anchor.  For a mobile
   node to use this address from an access network attached to a mobile
   access gateway, proper tunneling techniques have to be in place.
   Tunneling hides the network topology and allows the mobile node's
   IPv6 datagrams to be encapsulated as a payload of another IPv6 packet
   and to be routed between the local mobility anchor and the mobile
   access gateway.  The Mobile IPv6 base specification [RFC-3775]
   defines the use of IPv6-over-IPv6 tunneling, between the home agent
   and the mobile node and this specification extends the use of the
   same tunneling mechanism between the local mobility anchor and the
   mobile access gateway.

   On most operating systems, tunnels are implemented as a virtual
   point-to-point interface.  The source and the destination address of
   the two end points of this virtual interface along with the
   encapsulation mode are specified for this virtual interface.  Any
   packet that is routed over this interface gets encapsulated with the
   outer header and the addresses as specified for that point to point
   tunnel interface.  For creating a point to point tunnel to any local
   mobility anchor, the mobile access gateway may implement a tunnel
   interface with the source address field set to its Proxy-CoA address
   and the destination address field set to the LMA address.

   The following are the supported packet encapsulation modes that can
   be used by the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor
   for routing mobile node's IPv6 datagrams.





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   o  IPv6-In-IPv6 - IPv6 datagram encapsulated in an IPv6 packet [RFC-
      2473].

   o  IPv6-In-IPv4 - IPv6 datagram encapsulation in an IPv4 packet.  The
      details on how this mode is negotiated is specified in [ID-IPV4-
      PMIP6].

   o  IPv6-In-IPv4-UDP - IPv6 datagram encapsulation in an IPv4 UDP
      packet.  This mode is specified in [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].

6.10.3.  Routing State

   The following section explains the routing state for a mobile node on
   the mobile access gateway.  This routing state reflects only one
   specific way of implementation and one MAY choose to implement it in
   other ways.  The policy based route defined below acts as a traffic
   selection rule for routing a mobile node's traffic through a specific
   tunnel created between the mobile access gateway and that mobile
   node's local mobility anchor and with the specific encapsulation
   mode, as negotiated.

   The below example identifies the routing state for two visiting
   mobile nodes, MN1 and MN2 with their respective local mobility
   anchors LMA1 and LMA2.

   For all traffic from the mobile node, identified by the mobile node's
   MAC address, ingress interface or source prefix (MN-HNP) to
   _ANY_DESTINATION_ route via interface tunnel0, next-hop LMAA.


   +==================================================================+
   |  Packet Source    | Destination Address  | Destination Interface |
   +==================================================================+
   | MAC_Address_MN1,  | _ANY_DESTINATION_    |     Tunnel0           |
   | (IPv6 Prefix or   |----------------------------------------------|
   |  Input Interface) | Locally Connected    |     Tunnel0           |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | MAC_Address_MN2,  | _ANY_DESTINATION_    |     Tunnel1           |
   + (IPv6 Prefix or   -----------------------------------------------|
   |  Input Interface  | Locally Connected    |     direct            |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------+


                    Example - Policy based Route Table







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   +==================================================================+
   | Interface | Source Address | Destination Address | Encapsulation |
   +==================================================================+
   | Tunnel0   |   Proxy-CoA    |        LMAA1         | IPv6-in-IPv6 |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------+
   | Tunnel1   |IPv4-Proxy-CoA  |    IPv4-LMA2         | IPv6-in-IPv4 |
   +------------------------------------------------------------------+


                     Example - Tunnel Interface Table

6.10.4.  Local Routing

   If there is data traffic between a visiting mobile node and a
   correspondent node that is locally attached to an access link
   connected to the mobile access gateway, the mobile access gateway MAY
   optimize on the delivery efforts by locally routing the packets and
   by not reverse tunneling them to the mobile node's local mobility
   anchor.  However, this has an implication on the mobile node's
   accounting and policy enforcement as the local mobility anchor is not
   in the path for that traffic and it will not be able to apply any
   traffic policies or do any accounting for those flows.

   This decision of path optimization SHOULD be based on the policy
   configured on the mobile access gateway, but enforced by the mobile
   node's local mobility anchor.  The specific details on how this is
   achieved are beyond of the scope of this document.

6.10.5.  Tunnel Management

   All the considerations mentioned in Section 5.5.1 for the tunnel
   management on the local mobility anchor apply for the mobile access
   gateway as well.

6.10.6.  Forwarding Rules

   Forwarding Packets sent to the Mobile Node's Home Network:

   o  On receiving a packet from the bi-directional tunnel established
      with the mobile node's local mobility anchor, the mobile access
      gateway MUST use the destination address of the inner packet for
      forwarding it on the interface where the destination network
      prefix is hosted.  The mobile access gateway MUST remove the outer
      header before forwarding the packet.  If the mobile access gateway
      cannot find the connected interface for that destination address,
      it MUST silently drop the packet.  For reporting an error in such
      a scenario, in the form of ICMP control message, the
      considerations from Generic Packet Tunneling specification [RFC-



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      2473] must be applied.

   o  On receiving a packet from a correspondent node that is locally
      connected and which is destined to a mobile node that is on
      another locally connected access link, the mobile access gateway
      MUST check the configuration variable, EnableMAGLocalRouting, to
      ensure the mobile access gateway is allowed to route the packet
      directly to the mobile node.  If the mobile access gateway is not
      allowed to route the packet directly, it MUST route the packet
      through the bi-directional tunnel established between itself and
      the mobile node's local mobility anchor.  Otherwise, it can route
      the packet directly to the mobile node.

   Forwarding Packets Sent by the Mobile Node:

   o  On receiving a packet from a mobile node connected to its access
      link, the mobile access gateway MUST ensure that there is an
      established binding for that mobile node with its local mobility
      anchor before forwarding the packet directly to the destination or
      before tunneling the packet to the mobile node's local mobility
      anchor.

   o  On receiving a packet from a mobile node connected to its access
      link, to a destination that is locally connected, the mobile
      access gateway MUST check the configuration variable,
      EnableMAGLocalRouting, to ensure the mobile access gateway is
      allowed to route the packet directly to the destination.  If the
      mobile access gateway is not allowed to route the packet directly,
      it MUST route the packet through the bi-directional tunnel
      established between itself and the mobile node's local mobility
      anchor.  Otherwise, it can route the packet directly to the
      destination.

   o  On receiving a packet from the mobile node connected to its access
      link, to a destination that is not directly connected, the packet
      MUST be forwarded to the local mobility anchor through the bi-
      directional tunnel established between itself and the mobile
      node's local mobility anchor.  However, the packets that are sent
      with the link-local source address MUST NOT be forwarded.  The
      format of the tunneled packet is shown below.  However, when using
      IPv4 transport, the format of the tunneled packet is as described
      in [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].


        IPv6 header (src= Proxy-CoA, dst= LMAA  /* Tunnel Header */
           IPv6 header (src= MN-HoA, dst= CN )  /* Packet Header */
              Upper layer protocols             /* Packet Content*/




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                 Figure 12: Tunneled Packets from MAG to LMA

6.11.  Supporting DHCPv6 based Address Configuration on the Access Link

   This non-normative section explains how Stateful Address
   Configuration using DHCPv6 can be enabled on the access link attached
   to a mobile access gateway and how a mobile node attached to that
   link can obtain an address from its home network prefix using DHCPv6.

   o  The DHCPv6 relay agent [RFC-3315] service needs to be enabled on
      each of the access links in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.
      Further, as specified in Section 20 [RFC-3315], the relay agent
      should be configured to use a list of destination addresses, which
      MAY include unicast addresses, the All_DHCP_Servers multicast
      address, or other addresses selected by the network administrator.

   o  The DHCPv6 server in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain can be
      configured with a list of address pools (P1, P2, ..., Pn).  Each
      one of these prefix pools corresponds to a home network prefix
      that a local mobility anchor allocates to a mobile node in that
      domain.  However, the DHCPv6 server will not know the relation
      between a given address pool and a mobile node to which the
      corresponding prefix is allocated.  It just views these pools as
      prefixes hosted on different links in that domain.

   o  When a mobile node sends a DHCPv6 request message, the DHCP relay
      agent function on the access link will set the link-address field
      in the DHCP message to the mobile node's home network prefix, so
      as to provide a prefix hint to the DHCP Server for the address
      pool selection.  The DHCP server on receiving the request from the
      mobile node, will allocate an address from the prefix pool present
      in the link-address field of the request.

   o  Once the mobile node obtains an address and moves to a different
      link, the DHCP relay agent on the new link will set the prefix
      hint in the DHCP messages to the mobile node's home network
      prefix.  The DHCP server will identify the client from the Client
      Identifier option present in the request and will allocate the
      same address as before.

   o  The DHCP based address configuration is not recommended for
      deployments where the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
      gateways are located in different administrative domains.  For
      this configuration to work, all the mobile access gateways in the
      Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain should be able to ensure that the DHCP
      requests from a given mobile node anchored on any of the access
      links in that domain, will always be handled by the same DHCP
      server.



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   o  The DHCP server should be configured to offer low address lease
      times.  A lease time that is too large prevents the DHCP server
      from reclaiming the address even after the local mobility anchor
      deletes the mobile node's binding cache entry.

6.12.  Home Network Prefix Renumbering

   If the mobile node's home network prefix gets renumbered or becomes
   invalid during the middle of a mobility session, the mobile access
   gateway MUST withdraw the prefix by sending a Router Advertisement on
   the access link with zero prefix lifetime for the mobile node's home
   network prefix.  Also, the local mobility anchor and the mobile
   access gateway MUST delete the routing state for that prefix.
   However, the specific details on how the local mobility anchor
   notifies the mobile access gateway about the mobile node's home
   network prefix renumbering are outside the scope of this document.

6.13.  Mobile Node Detachment Detection and Resource Cleanup

   Before sending a Proxy Binding Update message to the local mobility
   anchor for extending the lifetime of a currently existing binding of
   a mobile node, the mobile access gateway MUST make sure the mobile
   node is still attached to the connected link by using some reliable
   method.  If the mobile access gateway cannot predictably detect the
   presence of the mobile node on the connected link, it MUST NOT
   attempt to extend the registration lifetime of the mobile node.
   Further, in such scenario, the mobile access gateway SHOULD terminate
   the binding of the mobile node by sending a Proxy Binding Update
   message to the mobile node's local mobility anchor with lifetime
   value set to 0.  It MUST also remove any local state such as the
   Binding Update List created for that mobile node.

   The specific detection mechanism of the loss of a visiting mobile
   node on the connected link is specific to the access link between the
   mobile node and the mobile access gateway and is outside the scope of
   this document.  Typically, there are various link-layer specific
   events specific to each access technology that the mobile access
   gateway can depend on for detecting the node loss.  In general, the
   mobile access gateway can depend on one or more of the following
   methods for the detection presence of the mobile node on the
   connected link:

   o  Link-layer event specific to the access technology

   o  PPP Session termination event on point-to-point link types

   o  IPv6 Neighbor Unreachability Detection event from IPv6 stack




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   o  Notification event from the local mobility anchor

   o  Absence of data traffic from the mobile node on the link for a
      certain duration of time

6.14.  Allowing network access to other IPv6 nodes

   In some Proxy Mobile IPv6 deployments, network operators may want to
   provision the mobile access gateway to offer network-based mobility
   management service only to some visiting mobile nodes and enable just
   regular IP access to some other nodes.  This requires the network to
   have control on when to enable network-based mobility management
   service to a mobile node and when to enable regular IPv6 access.
   This specification does not disallow such configuration.

   Upon detecting a mobile node on its access link and after policy
   considerations, the mobile access gateway MUST determine if network-
   based mobility management service should be offered to that mobile
   node.  This decision may also be influenced by the mobile node's
   host-based mobility capabilities and preferences.  This may be
   negotiated using link-layer message exchange or through other means
   outside the scope of this specification.  If the mobile node is
   entitled for network-based mobility management service, then the
   mobile access gateway must ensure the mobile node believes it is on
   its home link, as explained in various sections of this
   specification.

   If the mobile node is not entitled for the network-based mobility
   management service, as determined from the policy considerations, the
   mobile access gateway MAY choose to offer regular IPv6 access to the
   mobile node and in such scenario the normal IPv6 considerations
   apply.  If IPv6 access is enabled, the mobile node SHOULD be able to
   obtain an IPv6 address using normal IPv6 address configuration
   procedures.  The obtained address must be from a local visitor
   network prefix.  This essentially ensures that the mobile access
   gateway functions as a normal access router to a mobile node attached
   to its access link and with out impacting its host-based mobility
   protocol operation.


7.  Mobile Node Operation

   This non-normative section explains the mobile node's operation in a
   Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.







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7.1.  Moving into a Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain

   Once a mobile node enters a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain and attaches to
   an access network, the mobile access gateway on the access link
   detects the attachment of the mobile node and completes the binding
   registration with the mobile node's local mobility anchor.  If the
   binding update operation is successfully performed, the mobile access
   gateway will create the required state and setup the data path for
   the mobile node's data traffic.

   If the mobile node is IPv6 enabled, on attaching to the access link,
   it will typically send Router Solicitation message [RFC-2461].  The
   mobile access gateway on the access link will respond to the Router
   Solicitation message with a Router Advertisement.  The Router
   Advertisement will have the mobile node's home network prefix,
   default-router address and other address configuration parameters.

   If the mobile access gateway on the access link, receives a Router
   Solicitation message from the mobile node, before it completed the
   signaling with the mobile node's local mobility anchor, the mobile
   access gateway may not know the mobile node's home network prefix and
   may not be able to emulate the mobile node's home link on the access
   link.  In such scenario, the mobile node may notice a slight delay
   before it receives a Router Advertisement message.

   If the received Router Advertisement has the Managed Address
   Configuration flag set, the mobile node, as it would normally do,
   will send a DHCPv6 Request [RFC-3315].  The DHCP relay service
   enabled on that access link will ensure the mobile node will obtain
   its IPv6 address as a lease from its home network prefix.

   If the received Router Advertisement does not have the Managed
   Address Configuration flag set and if the mobile node is allowed to
   use an autoconfigured address, the mobile node will be able to obtain
   an IPv6 address using an interface identifier generated as per the
   Autoconf specification [RFC-2462] or as per the Privacy Extensions
   specification [RFC-3041].

   If the mobile node is IPv4 enabled and if the network permits, it
   will be able to obtain the IPv4 address configuration for the
   connected interface by using DHCP [RFC-2131].  The details related to
   IPv4 support is specified in the companion document [ID-IPV4-PMIP6].

   Once the address configuration is complete, the mobile node can
   continue to use this address configuration as long as it is attached
   to the network that is in the scope of that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain.





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7.2.  Roaming in the Proxy Mobile IPv6 Domain

   After obtaining the address configuration in the Proxy Mobile IPv6
   domain, as the mobile node moves and changes its point of attachment
   from one mobile access gateway to the other, it can still continue to
   use the same address configuration.  As long as the attached access
   network is in the scope of that Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, the mobile
   node will always detect the same link, where it obtained its initial
   address configuration.  If the mobile node performs DHCP operation,
   it will always obtain the same address as before.

   However, the mobile node will always detect a new default-router on
   each connected link, but still advertising the mobile node's home
   network prefix as the on-link prefix and with the other configuration
   parameters consistent with its home link properties.

7.3.  IPv6 Host Protocol Parameters

   This specification does not require any changes to the mobile node's
   IP stack.  It assumes the mobile node to be a normal IPv4/IPv6 node,
   with its protocol operation consistent with the respective
   specifications.

   However, this specification recommends that the following IPv6
   operating parameters on the mobile node be adjusted to the below
   recommended values for protocol efficiency and for achieving faster
   hand-offs.


   Lower Default-Router List Cache Time-out:

   As per the base IPv6 specification [RFC-2461], each IPv6 host is
   required to maintain certain host data structures including a
   Default-Router list.  This is the list of on-link routers that have
   sent Router Advertisement messages and are eligible to be default
   routers on that link.  The Router Lifetime field in the received
   Router Advertisement defines the life of this entry.

   In case of Proxy Mobile IPv6, when a mobile node moves from one link
   to another, the source address of the received Router Advertisement
   messages advertising the mobile node's home network prefix will be
   from a different link-local address and thus making the mobile node
   believe that there is a new default-router on the link.  It is
   important that the mobile node uses the newly learnt default-router
   and not the previously known default-router.  The mobile node must
   update its default-router list with the new default router entry and
   must age out the previously learnt default router entry from its
   cache, just as specified in Section 6.3.5 [RFC-2461].  This action is



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   critical for minimizing packet losses during a hand off switch.

   On detecting a reachability problem, the mobile node will certainly
   detect the default-router loss by performing the Neighbor
   Unreachability Detection procedure, but it is important that the
   mobile node times out the previous default router entry at the
   earliest.  If a given IPv6 host implementation has the provision to
   adjust these flush timers, still conforming to the base IPv6 ND
   specification, it is desirable to keep the flush-timers to suit the
   above consideration.

   In access network where SEND [RFC-3971] is not deployed, the mobile
   access gateway may withdraw the previous default-router entry, by
   sending a Router Advertisement using the link-local address that of
   the previous mobile access gateway and with the Router Lifetime field
   set to value 0, then this will force the flush of the Previous
   Default-Router entry from the mobile node's cache.  This certainly
   requires context-transfer mechanisms in place for notifying the link-
   local address of the default-router on the previous link to the
   mobile access gateway on the new link.

   There are other solutions possible for this problem, including the
   assignment of a fixed link-local address for all the mobility
   entities in a Proxy Mobile IPv6 domain and where SEND [RFC-3971] is
   not deployed.  In such scenario, the mobile node is not required to
   update the default-router entry.  However, this is an implementation
   choice and has no bearing on the protocol interoperability.
   Implementations are free to adopt the best approach that suits their
   target deployments.


8.  Message Formats

   This section defines extensions to the Mobile IPv6 [RFC-3775]
   protocol messages.
















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8.1.  Proxy Binding Update Message



       0               1               2               3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                      |            Sequence #         |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |A|H|L|K|M|R|P|  Reserved       |            Lifetime           |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .                                                               .
      .                        Mobility options                       .
      .                                                               .

      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+


                  Figure 13: Proxy Binding Update Message



   A Binding Update message that is sent by a mobile access gateway to a
   local mobility anchor is referred to as the "Proxy Binding Update"
   message.  A new flag (P) is included in the Binding Update message.
   The rest of the Binding Update message format remains the same as
   defined in [RFC-3775].


   Proxy Registration Flag (P)

      A new flag (P) is included in the Binding Update message to
      indicate to the local mobility anchor that the Binding Update
      message is a proxy registration.  The flag MUST be set to the
      value of 1 for proxy registrations and MUST be set to 0 for direct
      registrations sent by a mobile node.

   Mobility Options

      Variable-length field of such length that the complete Mobility
      Header is an integer multiple of 8 octets long.  This field
      contains zero or more TLV-encoded mobility options.  The encoding
      and format of defined options are described in Section 6.2 [RFC-
      3775].  The local mobility anchor MUST ignore and skip any options
      which it does not understand.




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      As per this specification, the following mobility options are
      valid in a Proxy Binding Update message:

         Home Network Prefix option

         Link-local Address option

         NAI Option

         Timestamp option

   For descriptions of other fields present in this message, refer to
   section 6.1.7 [RFC-3775].


8.2.  Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                      |   Status      |K|R|P|Reserved |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |         Sequence #            |           Lifetime            |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      .                                                               .
      .                        Mobility options                       .
      .                                                               .
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+



             Figure 14: Proxy Binding Acknowledgement Message

   A Binding Acknowledgement message that is sent by a local mobility
   anchor to a mobile access gateway is referred to as the "Proxy
   Binding Acknowledgement" message.  A new flag (P) is included in the
   Binding Acknowledgement message.  The rest of the Binding
   Acknowledgement message format remains the same as defined in [RFC-
   3775].

   Proxy Registration Flag (P)






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      A new flag (P) is included in the Binding Acknowledgement message
      to indicate that the local mobility anchor that processed the
      corresponding Proxy Binding Update message supports proxy
      registrations.  The flag is set only if the corresponding Proxy
      Binding Update had the Proxy Registration Flag (P) set to value of
      1.

   Mobility Options

      Variable-length field of such length that the complete Mobility
      Header is an integer multiple of 8 octets long.  This field
      contains zero or more TLV-encoded mobility options.  The encoding
      and format of defined options are described in Section 6.2 [RFC-
      3775].  The mobile access gateway MUST ignore and skip any options
      which it does not understand.

      As per this specification, the following mobility options are
      valid in a Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message:

         Home Network Prefix option

         Link-local Address option

         NAI Option

         Timestamp option

   Status

      8-bit unsigned integer indicating the disposition of the Proxy
      Binding Update.  Values of the Status field less than 128 indicate
      that the Proxy Binding Update was accepted by the local mobility
      anchor.  Values greater than or equal to 128 indicate that the
      binding registration was rejected by the local mobility anchor.
      Section 8.6 defines the Status values that can used in Proxy
      Binding Acknowledgement message.

   For descriptions of other fields present in this message, refer to
   the section 6.1.8 [RFC-3775].

8.3.  Home Network Prefix Option

   A new option, Home Network Prefix Option is defined for using it in
   the Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement messages
   exchanged between a local mobility anchor and a mobile access
   gateway.  This option is used for exchanging the mobile node's home
   network prefix information.




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   The Home Network Prefix Option has an alignment requirement of 8n+4.
   Its format is as follows:



       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |      Type     |   Length      |   Reserved    | Prefix Length |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      +                                                               +
      |                                                               |
      +                    Home Network Prefix                        +
      |                                                               |
      +                                                               +
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Type
           <IANA>

       Length

           8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option
           in octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field
           MUST be set to 18.

       Reserved

           This field is unused for now.  The value MUST be initialized
           to 0 by the sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver.

       Prefix Length

           8-bit unsigned integer indicating the prefix length of the
           IPv6 prefix contained in the option.

       Home Network Prefix

           A sixteen-byte field containing the mobile node's IPv6 Home
           Network Prefix.


                   Figure 15: Home Network Prefix Option






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8.4.  Link-local Address Option

   A new option, Link-local Address Option is defined for using it in
   the Proxy Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement messages
   exchanged between a local mobility anchor and a mobile access
   gateway.  This option is used for exchanging the mobile node's link-
   local address.

   The Link-local Address option has an alignment requirement of 8n+6.
   Its format is as follows:




       0                   1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                                      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                                      |   Type        |    Length     |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      |                                                               |
      +                                                               +
      |                                                               |
      +                  Link-local Address                           +
      |                                                               |
      +                                                               +
      |                                                               |
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

       Type
           <IANA>

       Length

           8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length of the option
           in octets, excluding the type and length fields. This field
           MUST be set to 16.

       Link-local Address

           A sixteen-byte field containing the mobile node's link-local
           address.


                   Figure 16: Link-local Address Option







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8.5.  Timestamp Option

   A new option, Timestamp Option is defined for use in the Proxy
   Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement messages.

   The Timestamp option has an alignment requirement of 8n+2.  Its
   format is as follows:




   0                   1                   2                   3
   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
                               +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
                               |      Option Type  | Option Length |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
   |                                                               |
   +                          Timestamp                            +
   |                                                               |
   +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

    Type
        <IANA>

    Length

        8-bit unsigned integer indicating the length in octets of
        the option, excluding the type and length fields.  The value
        for this field MUST be set to 8.

    Timestamp

      A 64-bit unsigned integer field containing a timestamp.  The value
      indicates the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00 UTC,
      by using a fixed point format.  In this format, the integer number
      of seconds is contained in the first 48 bits of the field, and the
      remaining 16 bits indicate the number of 1/64K fractions of a
      second.


                        Figure 17: Timestamp Option

8.6.  Status Values

   This document defines the following new Status values for use in
   Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.  These values are to be
   allocated from the same number space, as defined in Section 6.1.8
   [RFC-3775].



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   Status values less than 128 indicate that the Proxy Binding Update
   request was accepted by the local mobility anchor.  Status values
   greater than 128 indicate that the Proxy Binding Update was rejected
   by the local mobility anchor.


   PROXY_REG_NOT_ENABLED:

      Proxy Registration not enabled for the mobile node.


   MAG_NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_PROXY_REG:

      The mobile access gateway is not authorized to send proxy binding.
      updates.


   NOT_AUTHORIZED_FOR_HOME_NETWORK_PREFIX

      The mobile node is not authorized for the requesting home network
      prefix.


   TIMESTAMP_MISMATCH:

      Invalid Timestamp value in the received Proxy Binding Update
      message.


   MISSING_MN_IDENTIFIER_OPTION:

      Missing mobile node identifier in the Proxy Binding Update
      message.


   Additionally, the following Status values defined in [RFC-3775] can
   also be used in Proxy Binding Acknowledgement message.

      0 Proxy Binding Update accepted

      128 Reason unspecified

      129 Administratively prohibited

      130 Insufficient resources






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      133 Not local mobility anchor for this mobile node


9.  Protocol Configuration Variables

   The mobile access gateway MUST allow the following variables to be
   configured by the system management.


   EnableMAGLocalrouting

      This flag indicates whether or not the mobile access gateway is
      allowed to enable local routing of the traffic exchanged between a
      visiting mobile node and a correspondent node that is locally
      connected to one of the interfaces of the mobile access gateway.
      The correspondent node can be another visiting mobile node as
      well, or a local fixed node.

      The default value for this flag is set to "FALSE", indicating that
      the mobile access gateway MUST reverse tunnel all the traffic to
      the mobile node's local mobility anchor.

      When the value of this flag is set to "TRUE", the mobile access
      gateway MUST route the traffic locally.

      This aspect of local routing MAY be defined as policy on a per
      mobile basis and when present will take precedence over this flag.


   The local mobility anchor MUST allow the following variables to be
   configured by the system management.


   MinDelayBeforeBCEDelete

      This variable specifies the amount of time in milliseconds the
      local mobility anchor MUST wait before it deletes a Binding Cache
      entry of a mobile node, upon receiving a Proxy Binding Update
      message from a mobile access gateway with a lifetime value of 0.
      During this wait time, if the local mobility anchor receives a
      Proxy Binding Update for the same mobile node, identified by its
      MN-Identifier, with lifetime value greater than 0, then it must
      update the binding cache entry with the accepted binding values.
      At the end of this wait-time, if the local mobility anchor did not
      receive any valid Proxy Binding Update message, it MUST delete the
      Binding Cache entry for that mobile node.





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      The default value for this variable is 1000 milliseconds.


10.  IANA Considerations

   This document defines a three new Mobility Header Options, the Home
   Network Prefix option, Link-local Address option and the Timestamp
   option.  These options are described in Sections 8.3, 8.4 and 8.5
   respectively.  The Type value for these options needs to be assigned
   from the same numbering space as allocated for the other mobility
   options, as defined in [RFC-3775].

   This document also defines new Binding Acknowledgement status values
   as described in Section 8.6.  The status values MUST be assigned from
   the same number space used for Binding Acknowledgement status values,
   as defined in [RFC-3775].  The allocated values for each of these
   status values MUST be greater than 128.


11.  Security Considerations

   The potential security threats against any network-based mobility
   management protocol are described in [RFC-4832].  This section
   explains how Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol defends itself against those
   threats.

   Proxy Mobile IPv6 protocol requires the signaling messages, Proxy
   Binding Update and Proxy Binding Acknowledgement, exchanged between
   the mobile access gateway and the local mobility anchor to be
   protected using IPsec, using the established security association
   between them.  This essentially eliminates the threats related to the
   impersonation of the mobile access gateway or the local mobility
   anchor.

   This specification allows a mobile access gateway to send binding
   registration messages on behalf of a mobile node.  If proper
   authorization checks are not in place, a malicious node may be able
   to hijack a mobile node's session or may carry out a denial-of-
   service attack.  To prevent this attack, this specification requires
   the local mobility anchor to allow only authorized mobile access
   gateways to send binding registration messages on behalf of a mobile
   node.

   To eliminate the threats on the interface between the mobile access
   gateway and the mobile node, this specification requires an
   established trust between the mobile access gateway and the mobile
   node and to authenticate and authorize the mobile node before it is
   allowed to access the network.  Further, the established



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   authentication mechanisms enabled on that access link will ensure
   that there is a secure binding between the mobile node's identity and
   its link-layer address.  The mobile access gateway will definitively
   identify the mobile node from the packets that it receives on that
   access link.

   To eliminate the threats related to a compromised mobile access
   gateway, this specification recommends that the local mobility anchor
   before accepting a Proxy Binding Update message for a given mobile
   node, should ensure the mobile node is definitively attached to the
   mobile access gateway that sent the binding registration request.

   The issues related to a compromised mobile access gateway in the
   scenario where the local mobility anchor and the mobile access
   gateway in different domains, is outside the scope of this document.
   This scenario is beyond the applicability of this document.


12.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to specially thank Julien Laganier, Christian
   Vogt, Pete McCann, Brian Haley, Ahmad Muhanna, JinHyeock Choi for
   their thorough review of this document.

   The authors would also like to thank Alex Petrescu, Alice Qinxia,
   Alper Yegin, Ashutosh Dutta, Behcet Sarikaya, Fred Templing, Genadi
   Velev, George Tsirtsis, Gerardo Giaretta, Henrik Levkowetz, Hesham
   Soliman, James Kempf, Jari Arkko, Jean-Michel Combes, John Zhao,
   Jong-Hyouk Lee, Jonne Soininen, Jouni Korhonen, Kilian Weniger, Marco
   Liebsch, Mohamed Khalil, Nishida Katsutoshi, Phil Roberts, Ryuji
   Wakikawa, Sangjin Jeong, Suresh Krishnan, Vidya Narayanan, Youn-Hee
   Han and many others for their passionate discussions in the working
   group mailing list on the topic of localized mobility management
   solutions.  These discussions stimulated much of the thinking and
   shaped the draft to the current form.  We acknowledge that !

   The authors would also like to thank Ole Troan, Akiko Hattori, Parviz
   Yegani, Mark Grayson, Michael Hammer, Vojislav Vucetic, Jay Iyer and
   Tim Stammers for their input on this document.


13.  References

13.1.  Normative References

   [RFC-2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
   Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.




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   [RFC-2461] Narten, T., Nordmark, E. and W. Simpson, "Neighbor
   Discovery for IP Version 6 (IPv6)", RFC 2461, December 1998.

   [RFC-2473] Conta, A. and S. Deering, "Generic Packet Tunneling in
   IPv6 Specification", RFC 2473, December 1998.

   [RFC-3315] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C. and
   M.Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)",
   RFC 3315, July 2003.

   [RFC-3775] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., Arkko, J., "Mobility Support in
   IPv6", RFC 3775, June 2004.

   [RFC-4282] Aboba, B., Beadles, M., Arkko, J., and P. Eronen, "The
   Network Access Identifier", RFC 4282, November 2005.

   [RFC-4283] Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H., and K.
   Chowdhury, "Mobile Node Identifier Option for Mobile IPv6", RFC 4283,
   November 2005.

   [RFC-4301] Kent, S. and Atkinson, R., "Security Architecture for the
   Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.

   [RFC-4303] Kent, S. "IP Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP)", RFC
   4303, December 2005.

13.2.  Informative References

   [RFC-1661] Simpson, W., Ed., "The Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP)", STD
   51, RFC 1661, July 1994.

   [RFC-2131] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC
   2131, March 1997.

   [RFC-2462] Thompson, S., Narten, T., "IPv6 Stateless Address
   Autoconfiguration", RFC 2462, December 1998.

   [RFC-2472] Haskin, D. and Allen, E., "IP version 6 over PPP", RFC
   2472, December 1998.

   [RFC-3041] Narten, T. and Draves, R., "Privacy Extensions for
   Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in IPv6", RFC 3041, January 2001.

   [RFC-3971] Arkko, J., Ed., Kempf, J., Sommerfeld, B., Zill, B., and
   P. Nikander, "SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND)", RFC 3971, March
   2005.

   [RFC-4306] Kaufman, C, et al, "Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2)



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   Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005.

   [RFC-4330] Mills, D., "Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Version 4
   for IPv4, IPv6 and OSI", RFC 2030, October 1996.

   [RFC-4830] Kempf, J., Leung, K., Roberts, P., Nishida, K., Giaretta,
   G., Liebsch, M., "Problem Statement for Network-based Localized
   Mobility Management", September 2006.

   [RFC-4831] Kempf, J., Leung, K., Roberts, P., Nishida, K., Giaretta,
   G., Liebsch, M., "Goals for Network-based Localized Mobility
   Management", October 2006.

   [RFC-4832] Vogt, C., Kempf, J., "Security Threats to Network-Based
   Localized Mobility Management", September 2006.

   [ID-IPV4-PMIP6] Wakikawa, R. and Gundavelli, S., "IPv4 Support for
   Proxy Mobile IPv6", draft-ietf-netlmm-pmip6-ipv4-support-01.txt, May
   2007.

   [ID-DNAV6] Kempf, J., et al "Detecting Network Attachment in IPv6
   Networks (DNAv6)", draft-ietf-dna-protocol-06.txt, October 2006.


Appendix A.  Proxy Mobile IPv6 interactions with AAA Infrastructure


   Every mobile node that roams in a proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, would
   typically be identified by an identifier, MN-Identifier, and that
   identifier will have an associated policy profile that identifies the
   mobile node's home network prefix, permitted address configuration
   modes, roaming policy and other parameters that are essential for
   providing network-based mobility service.  This information is
   typically configured in AAA.  It is possible the home network prefix
   is dynamically allocated for the mobile node when it boots up for the
   first time in the network, or it could be a statically configured
   value on per mobile node basis.  However, for all practical purposes,
   the network entities in the proxy Mobile IPv6 domain, while serving a
   mobile node will have access to this profile and these entities can
   query this information using RADIUS/DIAMETER protocols.



Appendix B.  Supporting Shared-Prefix Model using DHCPv6


   This specification supports Per-MN-Prefix model.  However, it is
   possible to support Shared-Prefix model under the following



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   guidelines.

   The mobile node is allowed to use stateful address configuration
   using DHCPv6 for obtaining its address configuration.  The mobile
   node is not allowed to use any of the stateless autoconfiguration
   techniques.  The permitted address configuration models for the
   mobile node on the access link can be enforced by the mobile access
   gateway, by setting the relevant flags in the Router Advertisements,
   as per [RFC-2461].

   The Home Network Prefix option that is sent by the mobile access
   gateway in the Proxy Binding Update message, must contain the 128-bit
   host address that the mobile node obtained via DHCPv6.

   Routing state at the mobile access gateway:

   For all IPv6 traffic from the source MN-HoA::/128 to
   _ANY_DESTINATION_, route via tunnel0, next-hop LMAA, where tunnel0 is
   the MAG to LMA tunnel.

   Routing state at the local mobility anchor:

   For all IPv6 traffic to destination MN-HoA::/128, route via tunnel0,
   next-hop Proxy-CoA, where tunnel0 is the LMA to MAG tunnel.



Authors' Addresses

   Sri Gundavelli
   Cisco
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: sgundave@cisco.com


   Kent Leung
   Cisco
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: kleung@cisco.com






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   Vijay Devarapalli
   Azaire Networks
   4800 Great America Pkwy
   Santa Clara, CA  95054
   USA

   Email: vijay.devarapalli@azairenet.com


   Kuntal Chowdhury
   Starent Networks
   30 International Place
   Tewksbury, MA


   Email: kchowdhury@starentnetworks.com


   Basavaraj Patil
   Nokia Siemens Networks
   6000 Connection Drive
   Irving, TX  75039
   USA

   Email: basavaraj.patil@nsn.com


























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