B. Campbell, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                       Ping Identity Corp.
Intended status: Standards Track                            C. Mortimore
Expires: April 3, 2012                                    Salesforce.com
                                                                Oct 2011


            SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertion Profiles for OAuth 2.0
                    draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-09

Abstract

   This specification defines the use of a SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertion as
   means for requesting an OAuth 2.0 access token as well as for use as
   a means of client authentication.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 3, 2012.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2011 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

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   described in the Simplified BSD License.




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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  HTTP Parameter Bindings for Transporting Assertions  . . . . .  4
     2.1.  Using SAML Assertions as Authorization Grants  . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Using SAML Assertions for Client Authentication  . . . . .  4
   3.  Assertion Format and Processing Requirements . . . . . . . . .  5
     3.1.  Authorization Grant Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     3.2.  Client Authentication Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
   4.  Authorization Grant Example (non-normative)  . . . . . . . . .  8
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     6.1.  Sub-Namespace Registration of
           urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer  . . . . . . 10
     6.2.  Sub-Namespace Registration of
           urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:saml2-bearer . 10
   Appendix A.  Contributors  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   Appendix B.  Document History  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16




























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1.  Introduction

   The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) 2.0
   [OASIS.saml-core-2.0-os] is an XML-based framework that allows
   identity and security information to be shared across security
   domains.  The SAML specification, while primarily targeted at
   providing cross domain Web browser single sign-on, was also designed
   to be modular and extensible to facilitate use in other contexts.

   The Assertion, an XML security token, is a fundamental construct of
   SAML that is often adopted for use in other protocols and
   specifications.  An Assertion is generally issued by an identity
   provider and consumed by a service provider who relies on its content
   to identify the Assertion's subject for security related purposes.

   The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Protocol [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2] provides a
   method for making authenticated HTTP requests to a resource using an
   access token.  Access tokens are issued to third-party clients by an
   authorization server (AS) with the (sometimes implicit) approval of
   the resource owner.  In OAuth, an authorization grant is an abstract
   term used to describe intermediate credentials that represent the
   resource owner authorization.  An authorization grant is used by the
   client to obtain an access token.  Several authorization grant types
   are defined to support a wide range of client types and user
   experiences.  OAuth also allows for the definition of new extension
   grant types to support additional clients or to provide a bridge
   between OAuth and other trust frameworks.  Finally, OAuth allows the
   definition of additional authentication mechanisms to be used by
   clients when interacting with the authorization server.

   The OAuth 2.0 Assertion Profile [I-D.ietf.oauth-assertions] is an
   abstract extension to OAuth 2.0 that provides a general framework for
   the use of assertions as client credentials and/or authorization
   grants with OAuth 2.0.  This specification profiles the OAuth 2.0
   Assertion Profile [I-D.ietf.oauth-assertions] to define an extension
   grant type that uses a SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertion to request an OAuth
   2.0 access token as well as for use as client credentials.  The
   format and processing rules for the SAML Assertion defined in this
   specification are intentionally similar, though not identical, to
   those in the Web Browser SSO Profile defined in SAML Profiles
   [OASIS.saml-profiles-2.0-os].  This specification is reusing, to the
   extent reasonable, concepts and patterns from that well-established
   Profile.

   This document defines how a SAML Assertion can be used to request an
   access token when a client wishes to utilize an existing trust
   relationship, expressed through the semantics of (and digital
   signature calculated over) the SAML Assertion, without a direct user



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   approval step at the authorization server.  It also defines how a
   SAML Assertion can be used as a client authentication mechanism.  The
   use of an Assertion for client authentication is orthogonal and
   separable from using an Assertion as an authorization grant and the
   two can be used either in combination or in isolation.

   The process by which the client obtains the SAML Assertion, prior to
   exchanging it with the authorization server or using it for client
   authentication, is out of scope.

1.1.  Notational Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].

   Unless otherwise noted, all the protocol parameter names and values
   are case sensitive.


2.  HTTP Parameter Bindings for Transporting Assertions

   The OAuth 2.0 Assertion Profile [I-D.ietf.oauth-assertions] defines
   generic HTTP parameters for transporting assertions during
   interactions with a token endpoint.  This section defines the values
   of those parameters for use with SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertions.

2.1.  Using SAML Assertions as Authorization Grants

   To use a SAML Bearer Assertion as an authorization grant, use the
   following parameter values and encodings.

   The value of "grant_type" parameter MUST be
   "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer"

   The value of the "assertion" parameter MUST contain a single SAML 2.0
   Assertion.  The SAML Assertion XML data MUST be encoded using
   base64url, where the encoding adheres to the definition in Section 5
   of RFC4648 [RFC4648] and where the padding bits are set to zero.  To
   avoid the need for subsequent encoding steps (by "application/
   x-www-form-urlencoded" [W3C.REC-html401-19991224], for example), the
   base64url encoded data SHOULD NOT be line wrapped and pad characters
   ("=") SHOULD NOT be included.

2.2.  Using SAML Assertions for Client Authentication

   To use a SAML Bearer Assertion for client authentication grant, use
   the following parameter values and encodings.



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   The value of "client_assertion_type" parameter MUST be
   "urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:saml2-bearer"

   The value of the "client_assertion" parameter MUST contain a single
   SAML 2.0 Assertion.  The SAML Assertion XML data MUST be encoded
   using base64url, where the encoding adheres to the definition in
   Section 5 of RFC4648 [RFC4648] and where the padding bits are set to
   zero.  To avoid the need for subsequent encoding steps (by
   "application/x-www-form-urlencoded" [W3C.REC-html401-19991224], for
   example), the base64url encoded data SHOULD NOT be line wrapped and
   pad characters ("=") SHOULD NOT be included.


3.  Assertion Format and Processing Requirements

   In order to issue an access token response as described in The OAuth
   2.0 Authorization Protocol [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2] or to rely on an
   assertion for client authentication, the authorization server MUST
   validate the Assertion according to the criteria below.  Application
   of additional restrictions and policy are at the discretion of the
   authorization server.

   o  The Assertion's <Issuer> element MUST contain a unique identifier
      for the entity that issued the Assertion.

   o  The Assertion MUST contain <Conditions> element with an
      <AudienceRestriction> element with an <Audience> element
      containing a URI reference that identifies the authorization
      server, or the service provider SAML entity of its controlling
      domain, as an intended audience.  The token endpoint URL of the
      authorization server MAY be used as an acceptable value for an
      <Audience> element.  The authorization server MUST verify that it
      is an intended audience for the Assertion.

   o  The Assertion MUST contain a <Subject> element.  The subject MAY
      identify the resource owner for whom the access token is being
      requested.  For client authentication, the Subject MUST be the
      client_id of the OAuth client.  When using assertions as an
      authorization grant, the Subject SHOULD identify an authorized
      accessor for whom the access token is being requested (typically
      the resource owner, or an authorized delegate).  Additional
      information identifying the subject/principal of the transaction
      MAY be included in an <AttributeStatement>.

   o  The Assertion MUST have an expiry that limits the time window
      during which it can be used.  The expiry can be expressed either
      as the NotOnOrAfter attribute of the <Conditions> element or as
      the NotOnOrAfter attribute of a suitable <SubjectConfirmationData>



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      element.

   o  The <Subject> element MUST contain at least one
      <SubjectConfirmation> element that allows the authorization server
      to confirm it as a Bearer Assertion.  Such a <SubjectConfirmation>
      element MUST have a Method attribute with a value of
      "urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer".  The
      <SubjectConfirmation> element MUST contain a
      <SubjectConfirmationData> element, unless the Assertion has a
      suitable NotOnOrAfter attribute on the <Conditions> element, in
      which case the <SubjectConfirmationData> element MAY be omitted.
      When present, the <SubjectConfirmationData> element MUST have a
      Recipient attribute with a value indicating the token endpoint URL
      of the authorization server.  The authorization server MUST verify
      that the value of the Recipient attribute matches the token
      endpoint URL (or an acceptable alias) to which the Assertion was
      delivered.  The <SubjectConfirmationData> element MUST have a
      NotOnOrAfter attribute that limits the window during which the
      Assertion can be confirmed.  The <SubjectConfirmationData> element
      MAY also contain an Address attribute limiting the client address
      from which the Assertion can be delivered.  Verification of the
      Address is at the discretion of the authorization server.

   o  The authorization server MUST verify that occurances of the
      NotOnOrAfter instant has not passed, subject to allowable clock
      skew between systems.  An invalid NotOnOrAfter instant on the
      <Conditions> element invalidates the entire assertion.  An invalid
      NotOnOrAfter instant on a <SubjectConfirmationData> element only
      invalidates the individual <SubjectConfirmation>.  The
      authorization server MAY reject assertions with a NotOnOrAfter
      instant that is unreasonably far in the future.  The authorization
      server MAY ensure that Bearer Assertions are not replayed, by
      maintaining the set of used ID values for the length of time for
      which the Assertion would be considered valid based on the
      applicable NotOnOrAfter instant.

   o  If the Assertion issuer authenticated the subject, the Assertion
      SHOULD contain a single <AuthnStatement> representing that
      authentication event.

   o  If the Assertion was issued with the intention that the presenter
      act autonomously on behalf of the subject, an <AuthnStatement>
      SHOULD NOT be included.  The presenter SHOULD be identified in the
      <NameID> or similar element, the <SubjectConfirmation> element, or
      by other available means like [OASIS.saml-deleg-cs].

   o  Other statements, in particular <AttributeStatement> elements, MAY
      be included in the Assertion.



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   o  The Assertion MUST be digitally signed by the issuer and the
      authorization server MUST verify the signature.

   o  Encrypted elements MAY appear in place of their plain text
      counterparts as defined in [OASIS.saml-core-2.0-os].

   o  The authorization server MUST verify that the Assertion is valid
      in all other respects per [OASIS.saml-core-2.0-os], such as (but
      not limited to) evaluating all content within the Conditions
      element including the NotOnOrAfter and NotBefore attributes,
      rejecting unknown condition types, etc.

3.1.  Authorization Grant Processing

   If present, the authorization server MUST also validate the client
   credentials.

   Authorization servers SHOULD issue access tokens with a limited
   lifetime and require clients to refresh them by requesting a new
   access token using the same assertion, if it is still valid, or with
   a new assertion.  The authorization server SHOULD NOT issue a refresh
   token.

   If the Assertion is not valid, or its subject confirmation
   requirements cannot be met, the authorization server MUST construct
   an error response as defined in [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2].  The value of
   the error parameter MUST be the "invalid_grant" error code.  The
   authorization server MAY include additional information regarding the
   reasons the Assertion was considered invalid using the
   error_description or error_uri parameters.

   For example:


   HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
   Content-Type: application/json
   Cache-Control: no-store

   {
     "error":"invalid_grant",
     "error_description":"Audience validation failed"
   }









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3.2.  Client Authentication Processing

   If the client Assertion is not valid, or its subject confirmation
   requirements cannot be met, the authorization server MUST construct
   an error response as defined in [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2].  The value of
   the error parameter MUST be the "invalid_client" error code.  The
   authorization server MAY include additional information regarding the
   reasons the Assertion was considered invalid using the
   error_description or error_uri parameters.


4.  Authorization Grant Example (non-normative)

   Though non-normative, the following examples illustrate what a
   conforming Assertion and access token request would look like.




































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   Below is an example SAML 2.0 Assertion (whitespace formatting is for
   display purposes only):


   <Assertion IssueInstant="2010-10-01T20:07:34.619Z"
     ID="ef1xsbZxPV2oqjd7HTLRLIBlBb7"
     Version="2.0"
     xmlns="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:assertion">
    <Issuer>https://saml-idp.example.com</Issuer>
    <ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#">
     [...omitted for brevity...]
    </ds:Signature>
    <Subject>
     <NameID
       Format="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:1.1:nameid-format:emailAddress">
      brian@example.com
     </NameID>
     <SubjectConfirmation
       Method="urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:cm:bearer">
      <SubjectConfirmationData
        NotOnOrAfter="2010-10-01T20:12:34.619Z"
        Recipient="https://authz.example.net/token.oauth2"/>
      </SubjectConfirmation>
     </Subject>
     <Conditions>
       <AudienceRestriction>
         <Audience>https://saml-sp.example.net</Audience>
       </AudienceRestriction>
     </Conditions>
     <AuthnStatement AuthnInstant="2010-10-01T20:07:34.371Z">
       <AuthnContext>
         <AuthnContextClassRef>
           urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:ac:classes:X509
         </AuthnContextClassRef>
       </AuthnContext>
     </AuthnStatement>
   </Assertion>

                   Figure 1: Example SAML 2.0 Assertion












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   To present the Assertion shown in the previous example as part of an
   access token request, for example, the client might make the
   following HTTPS request (line breaks are for display purposes only):


   POST /token.oauth2 HTTP/1.1
   Host: authz.example.net
   Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

   grant_type=urn%3Aietf%3Aparams%3Aoauth%3Agrant-type%3Asaml2-
   bearer&assertion=PEFzc2VydGlvbiBJc3N1ZUluc3RhbnQ9IjIwMTEtMDU
   [...omitted for brevity...]aG5TdGF0ZW1lbnQ-PC9Bc3NlcnRpb24-

                         Figure 2: Example Request


5.  Security Considerations

   No additional considerations beyond those described within the OAuth
   2.0 Protocol Framework [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2] and in the Security and
   Privacy Considerations for the OASIS Security Assertion Markup
   Language (SAML) V2.0 [OASIS.saml-sec-consider-2.0-os].


6.  IANA Considerations

6.1.  Sub-Namespace Registration of
      urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer

   This is a request to IANA to please register the value grant-
   type:saml2-bearer in the registry urn:ietf:params:oauth established
   in [I-D.ietf.oauth-urn-sub-ns]

   o  URN: urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer

   o  Common Name: SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertion Grant Type Profile for
      OAuth 2.0

   o  Change controller: IETF

   o  Description: [[this document]]

6.2.  Sub-Namespace Registration of
      urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:saml2-bearer

   This is a request to IANA to please register the value client-
   assertion-type:saml2-bearer in the registry urn:ietf:params:oauth
   established in [I-D.ietf.oauth-urn-sub-ns]



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   o  URN: urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:saml2-bearer

   o  Common Name: SAML 2.0 Bearer Assertion Profile for OAuth 2.0
      Client Authentication

   o  Change controller: IETF

   o  Description: [[this document]]


Appendix A.  Contributors

   The following people contributed wording and concepts to this
   document: Paul Madsen, Patrick Harding, Peter Motykowski, Eran
   Hammer-Lahav, Peter Saint-Andre, Ian Barnett, Eric Fazendin, Torsten
   Lodderstedt, Susan Harper, Scott Tomilson, Scott Cantor, Michael
   Jones, Hannes Tschofenig, David Waite and Mukesh Bhatnagar.


Appendix B.  Document History

   [[ to be removed by RFC editor before publication as an RFC ]]

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-09

   o  Attempt to address an ambiguity around validation requirements
      when the Conditions element contain a NotOnOrAfter and
      SubjectConfirmation/SubjectConfirmationData does too.  Basically
      it needs to have at least one bearer SubjectConfirmation element
      but that element can omit SubjectConfirmationData, if Conditions
      has an expiry on it.  Otherwise, a valid SubjectConfirmation must
      have a SubjectConfirmationData with Recipient and NotOnOrAfter.
      And any SubjectConfirmationData that has those elements needs to
      have them checked.

   o  clarified that AudienceRestriction is under Conditions (even
      though it's implied by schema)

   o  fix a typo

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-08

   o  fix some typos

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-07

   o  update reference from draft-campbell-oauth-urn-sub-ns to
      draft-ietf-oauth-urn-sub-ns



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   o  Updated to reference draft-ietf-oauth-v2-20

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-06

   o  Fix three typos NamseID->NameID and (2x) Namspace->Namespace

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-05

   o  Allow for subject confirmation data to be optional when Conditions
      contain audience and NotOnOrAfter

   o  Rework most of the spec to profile draft-ietf-oauth-assertions for
      both authn and authz including (but not limited to):

      *  remove requirement for issuer to be
         urn:oasis:names:tc:SAML:2.0:nameid-format:entity

      *  change wording on Subject requirements

   o  using a MAY, explicitly say that the Audience can be token
      endpoint URL of the authorization server

   o  Change title to be more generic (allowing for client authn too)

   o  added client authentication to the abstract

   o  register and use urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:saml2-bearer for
      grant type rather than http://oauth.net/grant_type/saml/2.0/bearer

   o  register urn:ietf:params:oauth:client-assertion-type:saml2-bearer

   o  remove scope parameter as it is defined in
      http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-assertions

   o  remove assertion param registration because it [should] be in
      http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-oauth-assertions

   o  fix typo(s) and update/add references

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-04

   o  Changed the grant_type URI from
      "http://oauth.net/grant_type/assertion/saml/2.0/bearer" to
      "http://oauth.net/grant_type/saml/2.0/bearer" - dropping the word
      assertion from the path.  Recent versions of draft-ietf-oauth-v2
      no longer refer to extension grants using the word assertion so
      this URI is more reflective of that.  It also more closely aligns
      with the grant type URI in draft-jones-oauth-jwt-bearer-00 which



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      is "http://oauth.net/grant_type/jwt/1.0/bearer".

   o  Added "case sensitive" to scope definition to align with
      draft-ietf-oauth-v2-15/16.

   o  Updated to reference draft-ietf-oauth-v2-16

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-03

   o  Cleanup of some editorial issues.

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-02

   o  Added scope parameter with text copied from draft-ietf-oauth-v2-12
      (the reorg of draft-ietf-oauth-v2-12 made it so scope wasn't
      really inherited by this spec anymore)

   o  Change definition of the assertion parameter to be more generally
      applicable per the suggestion near the end of
      http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/oauth/current/msg05253.html

   o  Editorial changes based on feedback

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-01

   o  Update spec name when referencing draft-ietf-oauth-v2 (The OAuth
      2.0 Protocol Framework -> The OAuth 2.0 Authorization Protocol)

   o  Update wording in Introduction to talk about extension grant types
      rather than the assertion grant type which is a term no longer
      used in OAuth 2.0

   o  Updated to reference draft-ietf-oauth-v2-12 and denote as work in
      progress

   o  Update Parameter Registration Request to use similar terms as
      draft-ietf-oauth-v2-12 and remove Related information part

   o  Add some text giving discretion to AS on rejecting assertions with
      unreasonably long validity window.

   draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer-00

   o  Added Parameter Registration Request for "assertion" to IANA
      Considerations.

   o  Changed document name to draft-ietf-oauth-saml2-bearer in
      anticipation of becoming a OAUTH WG item.



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   o  Attempt to move the entire definition of the 'assertion' parameter
      into this draft (it will no longer be defined in OAuth 2 Protocol
      Framework).

   draft-campbell-oauth-saml-01

   o  Updated to reference draft-ietf-oauth-v2-11 and reflect changes
      from -10 to -11.

   o  Updated examples.

   o  Relaxed processing rules to allow for more than one
      SubjectConfirmation element.

   o  Removed the 'MUST NOT contain a NotBefore attribute' on
      SubjectConfirmationData.

   o  Relaxed wording that ties the subject of the Assertion to the
      resource owner.

   o  Added some wording about identifying the client when the subject
      hasn't directly authenticated including an informative reference
      to SAML V2.0 Condition for Delegation Restriction.

   o  Added a few examples to the language about verifying that the
      Assertion is valid in all other respects.

   o  Added some wording to the introduction about the similarities to
      Web SSO in the format and processing rules

   o  Changed the grant_type (was assertion_type) URI from
      http://oauth.net/assertion_type/saml/2.0/bearer to
      http://oauth.net/grant_type/assertion/saml/2.0/bearer

   o  Changed title to include "Grant Type" in it.

   o  Editorial updates based on feedback from the WG and others
      (including capitalization of Assertion when referring to SAML).

   draft-campbell-oauth-saml-00

   o  Initial I-D


7.  References






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7.1.  Normative References

   [I-D.ietf.oauth-assertions]
              Mortimore, C., Ed., Campbell, B., Jones, M., and Y.
              Goland, "OAuth 2.0 Assertion Profile",
              ID draft-ietf-oauth-assertions-00 (work in progress),
              July 2011.

   [I-D.ietf.oauth-urn-sub-ns]
              Campbell, B., Ed. and H. Tschofenig, "An IETF URN Sub-
              Namespace for OAuth", ID draft-ietf-oauth-urn-sub-ns-00
              (work in progress), Aug 2011.

   [I-D.ietf.oauth-v2]
              Hammer-Lahav, E., Ed., Recordon, D., and D. Hardt, "The
              OAuth 2.0 Authorization Protocol",
              ID draft-ietf-oauth-v2-16 (work in progress), May 2011.

   [OASIS.saml-core-2.0-os]
              Cantor, S., Kemp, J., Philpott, R., and E. Maler,
              "Assertions and Protocol for the OASIS Security Assertion
              Markup Language (SAML) V2.0", OASIS Standard saml-core-
              2.0-os, March 2005.

   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [RFC4648]  Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
              Encodings", RFC 4648, October 2006.

7.2.  Informative References

   [OASIS.saml-deleg-cs]
              Cantor, S., Ed., "SAML V2.0 Condition for Delegation
              Restriction", Nov 2009.

   [OASIS.saml-profiles-2.0-os]
              Hughes, J., Cantor, S., Hodges, J., Hirsch, F., Mishra,
              P., Philpott, R., and E. Maler, "Profiles for the OASIS
              Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) V2.0", OASIS
              Standard OASIS.saml-profiles-2.0-os, March 2005.

   [OASIS.saml-sec-consider-2.0-os]
              Hirsch, F., Philpott, R., and E. Maler, "Security and
              Privacy Considerations for the OASIS Security Markup
              Language (SAML) V2.0", OASIS Standard saml-sec-consider-
              2.0-os, March 2005.




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Internet-Draft        OAuth SAML Assertion Profiles             Oct 2011


   [W3C.REC-html401-19991224]
              Raggett, D., Jacobs, I., and A. Hors, "HTML 4.01
              Specification", World Wide Web Consortium
              Recommendation REC-html401-19991224, December 1999,
              <http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224>.


Authors' Addresses

   Brian Campbell (editor)
   Ping Identity Corp.

   Email: brian.d.campbell@gmail.com


   Chuck Mortimore
   Salesforce.com

   Email: cmortimore@salesforce.com
































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