Networking Working Group JP. Vasseur, Ed.
Internet-Draft Cisco Systems, Inc
Intended status: Standards Track JL. Le Roux, Ed.
Expires: June 16, 2007 France Telecom
December 13, 2006
Path Computation Element (PCE) communication Protocol (PCEP) - Version 1
draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt
Status of this Memo
By submitting this Internet-Draft, each author represents that any
applicable patent or other IPR claims of which he or she is aware
have been or will be disclosed, and any of which he or she becomes
aware will be disclosed, in accordance with Section 6 of BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet-Draft will expire on June 16, 2007.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2006).
Abstract
This document specifies the Path Computation Element communication
Protocol (PCEP) for communications between a Path Computation Client
(PCC) and a Path Computation Element (PCE), or between two PCEs.
Such interactions include path computation requests and path
computation replies as well as notifications of specific states
related to the use of a PCE in the context of MPLS and GMPLS Traffic
Engineering. The PCEP protocol is designed to be flexible and
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
extensible so as to easily allow for the addition of further messages
and objects, should further requirements be expressed in the future.
Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3. Assumptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Transport protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5. Architectural Protocol Overview (Model) . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.1. Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2. Architectural Protocol Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
5.2.1. Initialization Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2.2. Path computation request sent by a PCC to a PCE . . . 8
5.2.3. Path computation reply sent by the PCE to a PCC . . . 9
5.2.4. Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2.5. Termination of the PCEP Session . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. PCEP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.1. Common header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
6.2. Open message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6.3. Keepalive message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
6.4. Path Computation Request (PCReq) message . . . . . . . . . 16
6.5. Path Computation Reply (PCRep) message . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.6. Notification (PCNtf) message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
6.7. Error (PCErr) Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.8. Close message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7. Object Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.1. Common object header . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
7.2. OPEN object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.3. RP Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.3.1. Object definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.3.2. Handling of the RP object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
7.4. NO-PATH Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
7.5. END-POINT Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.6. BANDWIDTH Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
7.7. METRIC Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7.8. ERO Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.9. RRO Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.10. LSPA Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.11. IRO Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.12. SVEC Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 2]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
7.12.1. Notion of Dependent and Synchronized path
computation requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.12.2. SVEC Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.12.3. Handling of the SVEC Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.13. NOTIFICATION Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
7.14. PCEP-ERROR Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
7.15. LOAD-BALANCING Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
7.16. CLOSE Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
8. Manageability Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.1. TCP Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.2. PCEP Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
9.3. PCEP Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.4. Notification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9.5. PCEP Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
9.6. NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
10. PCEP Finite State Machine (FSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
11.1. PCEP Authentication and Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
11.2. PCEP Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
11.3. Protection against Denial of Service attacks . . . . . . . 59
11.4. Request input shaping/policing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
12. Authors' addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Appendix A. Compliance with the PCECP Requirement Document . . . 63
Appendix B. PCEP Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 66
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 3]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
1. Terminology
Terminology used in this document
Explicit path: full explicit path from start to destination made of a
list of strict hops where a hop may be an abstract node such as an
AS.
IGP Area: OSPF Area or IS-IS level.
Inter-domain TE LSP: A TE LSP whose path transits across at least two
different domains where a domain can either be an IGP area, an
Autonomous System or a sub-AS (BGP confederations).
PCC: Path Computation Client: any client application requesting a
path computation to be performed by a Path Computation Element.
PCE: Path Computation Element: an entity (component, application or
network node) that is capable of computing a network path or route
based on a network graph and applying computational constraints.
PCEP Peer: an element involved in a PCEP session (i.e. a PCC or the
PCE).
TED: Traffic Engineering Database which contains the topology and
resource information of the domain. The TED may be fed by IGP
extensions or potentially by other means.
TE LSP: Traffic Engineering Label Switched Path.
Strict/loose path: mix of strict and loose hops comprising of at
least one loose hop representing the destination where a hop may be
an abstract node such as an AS.
Within this document, when describing PCE-PCE communications, the
requesting PCE fills the role of a PCC. This provides a saving in
documentation without loss of function.
2. Introduction
[RFC4655]describes the motivations and architecture for a PCE-based
model for the computation of MPLS and GMPLS TE LSPs. The model
allows the separation of PCE from PCC, and allows cooperation between
PCEs. This necessitates a communication protocol between PCC and
PCE, and between PCEs.
[RFC4657] states the generic requirements for such a protocol
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 4]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
including the requirement for using the same protocol between PCC and
PCE, and between PCEs. Additional application-specific requirements
(for scenarios such as inter-area, inter-AS, etc.) are not included
in [RFC4657], but there is a requirement that any solution protocol
must be easily extensible to handle other requirements as they are
introduced in application-specific requirements documents. Examples
of such application-specific requirements are
[I-D.ietf-pce-pcecp-interarea-reqs],
[I-D.ietf-pce-interas-pcecp-reqs] and [I-D.ietf-pce-inter-layer-req].
This document specifies the Path Computation Element communication
Protocol (PCEP) for communications between a Path Computation Client
(PCC) and a Path Computation Element (PCE), or between two PCEs.
Such interactions include path computation requests and path
computation replies as well as notifications of specific states
related to the use of a PCE in the context of MPLS and GMPLS Traffic
Engineering.
The PCEP protocol is designed to be flexible and extensible so as to
easily allow for the addition of further messages and objects, should
further requirements be expressed in the future.
3. Assumptions
[RFC4655] describes various types of PCE. PCEP does not make any
assumption and thus does not impose any constraint on the nature of
the PCE.
Moreover, it is assumed that the PCE gets the required information so
as to perform the computation of TE LSP that usually requires network
topology and resource information. Such information can be gathered
by routing protocols or by some other means, the gathering of which
is out of the scope of this document.
Similarly, no assumption is made on the discovery method used by a
PCC to discover a set of PCEs (e.g. via static configuration or
dynamic discovery) and on the algorithm used to select a PCE. For
the sake of reference [RFC4674] defines a list of requirements for
dynamic PCE discovery and IGP-based solution for such PCE discovery
are specified in [I-D.ietf-pce-disco-proto-ospf] and
[I-D.ietf-pce-disco-proto-isis].
4. Transport protocol
PCEP operates over TCP using a well-known TCP port (to be assigned by
IANA). This allows the requirements of reliable messaging and flow
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 5]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
control to be met without further protocol work.
An implementation may decide to keep the TCP session alive for an
unlimited time (this may for instance be appropriate when path
computation requests are sent on a frequent basis so as to avoid to
open a TCP session each time a path computation request is needed
that would incur additional processing delays). Conversely, in some
other circumstances, it may be desirable to systematically open and
close the TCP connection for each PCEP request (for instance when
sending of path computation request is a rare event).
5. Architectural Protocol Overview (Model)
The aim of this section is to describe the PCEP protocol model in the
spirit of [RFC4101]. An architecture protocol overview (the big
picture of the protocol) is provided in this section. Protocol
details can be found in further sections.
5.1. Problem
The PCE-based architecture used for the computation of MPLS and GMPLS
TE LSP is described in [RFC4655]. When the PCC and the PCE are not
collocated, a communication protocol between the PCC and the PCE is
needed. PCEP is such a protocol designed specifically for
communications between a PCC and a PCE or between two PCEs: a PCC may
use PCEP to send a path computation request for one or more TE LSP(s)
to a PCE and such a PCE may reply with a set of computed path(s) if
one or more path(s) satisfying the set of constraints can be found.
5.2. Architectural Protocol Overview
PCEP operates over TCP, which allows the requirements of reliable
messaging and flow control to be met without further protocol work.
Several PCEP messages are defined:
- Open and Keepalive messages are used to initiate and maintain a
PCEP session respectively.
- PCReq: a PCEP message sent by a PCC to a PCE to request a path
computation.
- PCRep: a PCEP message sent by a PCE to a PCC in reply to a path
computation request. A PCRep message can either contain a set of
computed path(s) if the request could be satisfied or a negative
reply otherwise.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 6]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
- PCNtf: a PCEP notification message either sent by a PCC to a PCE or
a PCE to a PCC to notify of specific event.
- PCErr: a PCEP message sent upon the occurrence of a protocol error
condition.
- Close message: a message used to close a PCEP session.
The set of available PCE(s) may be either statically configured on a
PCC or dynamically discovered.
The mechanisms used to discover one or more PCE(s) and to select a
PCE are out of the scope of this document.
A PCC may have PCEP sessions with more than one PCE and similarly a
PCE may have PCEP sessions with multiple PCCs.
The establishment of a PCEP session is always inititated by the PCC.
5.2.1. Initialization Phase
The initialization phase consists of two successive steps (described
in a schematic form in Figure 1):
1) Establishment of a TCP connection (3-way handshake) between the
PCC and the PCE.
2) Establishment of a PCEP session over the TCP connection.
Once the TCP connection is established, the PCC and the PCE (also
referred to as "PCEP peers") initiate a PCEP session establishment
during which various session parameters are negotiated. These
parameters are carried within Open messages and include the keepalive
timer, the Deadtimer and potentially other detailed capabilities and
policy rules that specify the conditions under which path computation
requests may be sent to the PCE. If the PCEP session establishment
phase fails because the PCEP peers disagree on the exchanged
parameters or one of the PCEP peers does not answer after the
expiration of the establishment timer, the TCP connection is
immediately closed. Successive retries are permitted but an
implementation SHOULD make use of an exponential back-off session
establishment retry procedure.
Keepalive messages are used to acknowledge Open messages and once the
PCEP session has been successfully established, Keepalive messages
are exchanged between PCEP peers to ensure the liveness of the PCEP
session.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 7]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
A single PCEP session can exist between a pair a PCEP peers.
Details about the Open message and the Keepalive messages can be
found in . (Section 6.2) and Section 6.3 respectively.
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
| |
|---- Open message --->|
| |
|<--- Open message ----|
| |
| |
| |
|<--- Keepalive -------|
| |
|---- Keepalive ------>|
Figure 1: PCEP Initialization phase (initiated by a PCC)
5.2.2. Path computation request sent by a PCC to a PCE
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
1)Path computation | |
event | |
2)PCE Selection | |
3)Path computation |---- PCReq message--->|
request sent to | |
the selected PCE | |
Figure 2: Path computation request
Once a PCC (or a PCE) has successfully established a PCEP session
with one or more PCEs, if an event is triggered that requires the
computation of a set of path(s), the PCC first selects one of more
PCE(s) to send the request to. Note that the PCE selection decision
process may have taken place prior to the PCEP session establishment.
Once the PCC has selected a PCE, it sends a path computation request
to the PCE (PCReq message) that contains a variety of objects that
specify the set of constraints and attributes for the path to be
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 8]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
computed. For example "Compute a TE LSP path with source IP
address=x.y.z.t, destination IP address=x'.y'.z'.t', bandwidth=B
Mbit/s, Setup/Hold priority=P, ...". Additionally, the PCC may
desire to specify the urgency of such request by assigning a request
priority. Each request is uniquely identified by a request-id number
and the PCC-PCE address pair. The process is shown in a schematic
form in figure 2.
Details about the PCReq message can be found in Section 6.4
5.2.3. Path computation reply sent by the PCE to a PCC
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 9]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
| |
|---- PCReq message--->|
| |1) Path computation
| |request received
| |
| |2)Path successfully
| |computed
| |
| |3) Computed path(s) sent
| |to the PCC
|<--- PCRep message ---|
| (Positive reply) |
Figure 3a: Path computation request with successful path computation
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
| |
| |
|---- PCReq message--->|
| |1) Path computation
| |request received
| |
| |2) No Path found that
| |satisfies the request
| |
| |3) Negative reply sent to
| |the PCC (optionally with
| |various additional
| |information)
|<--- PCRep message ---|
| (Negative reply) |
Figure 3b: Path computation request with unsuccessful path computation
Upon receiving a path computation request from a PCC, the PCE
triggers a path computation, the result of which can either be:
- Positive (Figure 3-a): the PCE manages to compute a path satisfying
the set of required constraints, in which case the PCE returns the
set of computed path(s) to the requesting PCC. Note that PCEP
supports the capability to send a single request which requires the
computation of more than one path (e.g. computation of a set of link-
diverse paths).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 10]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
- Negative (Figure 3-b): no path could be found that satisfies the
set of constraints. In this case, a PCE may provide the set of
constraints that led to the path computation failure. Upon receiving
a negative reply, a PCC may decide to resend a modified request or
take any other appropriate action.
Details about the PCRep message can be found in Section 6.5.
5.2.4. Notification
There are several circumstances whereby a PCE may want to notify a
PCC of a specific event. For example, suppose that the PCE suddenly
experiences some congestion that would lead to unacceptable response
times. The PCE may want to notify one or more PCCs that some of
their requests (listed in the notification) will not be satisfied or
may experience unacceptable delays. Upon receiving such
notification, the PCC may decide to redirect it(s) path computation
request(s) towards another PCE, if an alternate PCE is available.
Similarly, a PCC may desire to notify a PCE of particular event such
as the cancellation of pending request(s).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 11]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
1)Path computation | |
event | |
2)PCE Selection | |
3)Path computation |---- PCReq message--->|
request X sent to | |4) Path computation
the selected PCE | |triggered
| |
| |
5) Path computation| |
request X cancelled| |
|---- PCNtf message -->|
| |6) Path computation
| |request X cancelled
Figure 4: Example of PCC notification (request cancellation) sent to a PCE
+-+-+ +-+-+
|PCC| |PCE|
+-+-+ +-+-+
1)Path computation | |
event | |
2)PCE Selection | |
3)Path computation |---- PCReq message--->|
request X sent to | |4) Path computation
the selected PCE | |triggered
| |
| |
| |5) PCE experiencing
| |congestion
| |
| |6) Path computation
| |request X cancelled
| |
|<--- PCNtf message----|
Figure 5: Example of PCE notification (request(s) cancellation) sent to a PCC
Details about the PCNtf message can be found in Section 6.6.
5.2.5. Termination of the PCEP Session
When one of the PCEP peers desires to terminate a PCEP session it
first sends a PCEP Close message and then close the TCP connection.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 12]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
If the PCEP session is terminated by the PCE, the PCC clears all the
states related to pending requests previously sent to the PCE.
Similarly, if the PCC terminates a PCEP session the PCE clears all
pending path computation requests sent by the PCC in question as well
as the related states. A Close message can only be sent to terminate
a PCEP session if the PCEP session has previously been established.
In case of TCP connection failure, the PCEP session SHOULD be
maintained for a period of time equal to the DeadTimer.
Details about the Close message can be found in Section 6.8.
6. PCEP Messages
A PCEP message consists of a common header followed by a variable
length body made of a set of objects that can either be mandatory or
optional. In the context of this document, an object is said to be
mandatory in a PCEP message when the object MUST be included for the
message to be considered as valid. Thus a PCEP message with a
missing mandatory object MUST be considered as a malformed message
and such condition MUST trigger an Error message. Conversely, if an
object is optional, the object may or may not be present.
A flag referred to as the P flag is defined in the common header of
each PCEP object (see Section 7.1) that can be set by a PCEP peer to
enforce a PCE to take into account the related information during the
path computation. For example, the METRIC object allows a PCC to
specify a bounded acceptable path cost. The COST object is optional
but a PCC may set a flag to ensure that such constraint is taken into
account. Similarly to the previous case, if such constraint cannot
be taken into account by the PCE, this should trigger an Error
message.
For each PCEP message type a set of rules is defined that specify the
set of objects that the message can carry. We use the Backus-Naur
Form (BNF) to specify such rules. Square brackets refer to optional
sub-sequences. An implementation MUST form the PCEP messages using
the object ordering specified in this document.
6.1. Common header
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 13]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Ver | Flags | Message-Type | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Message-Lenght |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 6: PCEP message common header
Ver (Version - 4 bits): PCEP protocol version number. Current
version is version 1.
Flags (8 bits): no flags are currently defined.
Message-Type (8 bits):
The following message types are currently defined (to be confirmed by
IANA).
Value Meaning
1 Open
2 Keepalive
3 Path Computation Request
4 Path Computation Reply
5 Notification
6 Error
7 Close
Message Length (32 bits): total length of the PCEP message expressed
in bytes including the common header.
6.2. Open message
The Open message is a PCEP message sent by a PCC to a PCE and a PCE
to a PCC in order to establish a PCEP session. The Message-Type
field of the PCEP common header for the Open message is set to 1 (To
be confirmed by IANA).
Once the TCP connection has been successfully established, the first
message sent by the PCC to the PCE or by the PCE to the PCC MUST be
an Open message. Any message received prior to an Open message MUST
trigger a protocol error condition and the PCEP session MUST be
terminated. The Open message is used to establish a PCEP session
between the PCEP peers. During the establishment phase the PCEP
peers exchange several session characteristics. If both parties
agree on such characteristics the PCEP session is successfully
established.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 14]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Open message
<Open Message>::= <Common Header>
<OPEN>
The Open message MUST contain exactly one OPEN object (see
Section 7.2). Various session characteristics are specified within
the OPEN object.
Once an Open message has been sent to a PCEP peer, the sender MUST
start an initialization timer called KeepWait after the expiration of
which if neither an Open message has been received nor a PCErr
message in case of disagreement of the session characteristics, the
TCP connection MUST be released (see Section 10for details).
The KeepWait timer has a fixed value of 1 minute.
Upon the receipt of an Open message, the receiving PCEP peer MUST
determine whether the suggested PCEP session characteristics are
acceptable. If at least one of the characteristic(s) is not
acceptable by the receiving peer, it MUST send an Error message. The
Error message SHOULD also contain the related Open object: for each
unacceptable session parameter, an acceptable parameter value SHOULD
be proposed in the appropriate field of the Open object in place of
the originally proposed value. The PCEP peer MAY decide to resend an
Open message with different session characteristics. If a second
Open message is received with the same set of parameters or with
parameters that are still unacceptable, the receiving peer MUST send
an Error message and it MUST immediately close the TCP connection.
Details about error message can be found in Section 7.14.
If the PCEP session characteristics are acceptable, the receiving
PCEP peer MUST consequently send a Keepalive message (defined in
Section 6.3) that would serve as an acknowledgment.
The PCEP session is considered as established once both PCEP peers
have received a Keepalive message from their peer.
6.3. Keepalive message
A Keepalive message is a PCEP message sent by a PCC or a PCE in order
to keep the session in active state. The Message-Type field of the
PCEP common header for the Keepalive message is set to 2 (To be
confirmed by IANA). The Keepalive message does not contain any
object.
Keepalive: PCEP has its own keepalive mechanism used to ensure of the
liveness of the PCEP session. This requires the determination of the
frequency at which each PCEP peer sends keepalive messages.
Asymmetric values may be chosen; thus there is no constraints
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 15]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
mandating the use of identical keepalive frequencies by both PCEP
peers. The DeadTimer is defined as the period of time after the
expiration of which a PCEP peer declares the session down if no PCEP
message has been received (keepalive or any other PCEP message: thus,
any PCEP message acts as a keepalive message). Similarly, there is
no constraints mandating the use of identical DeadTimers by both PCEP
peers. The minimum KeepAliveTimer value is 1 second.
Keepalive messages are used either to acknowledge an Open message if
the receiving PCEP peer agrees on the session characteristics and to
ensure the liveness of the PCEP session. Keepalive messages are sent
at the frequency specified in the OPEN object carried within an Open
message. Because any PCEP message may serve as Keepalive an
implementation may either decide to send Keepalive messages at the
same frequency regardless on whether other PCEP messages might have
been sent since the last sent Keepalive message or may decide to
differ the sending of the next Keepalive message based on the time at
which the last PCEP message (other than Keepalive) was sent.
Keepalive message
<Keepalive Message>::= <Common Header>
6.4. Path Computation Request (PCReq) message
A Path Computation Request message (also referred to as a PCReq
message) is a PCEP message sent by a PCC to a PCE so as to request a
path computation. The Message-Type field of the PCEP common header
for the PCReq message is set to 3 (To be confirmed by IANA).
There are two mandatory objects that MUST be included within a PCReq
message: the RP and the END-POINTS objects (see section Section 7).
If one of these objects is missing, the receiving PCE MUST send an
error message to the requesting PCC. Other objects are optional.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 16]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of a PCReq message is as follows:
<PCReq Message>::= <Common Header>
[<SVEC-list>]
<request-list>
where:
<svec-list>::=<SVEC>[<svec-list>]
<request-list>::=<request>[<request-list>]
<request>::= <RP>
[<END-POINTS>]
[<LSPA>]
[<BANDWIDTH>]
[<METRIC>]
[<RRO>]
[<IRO>]
[<LOAD-BALANCING>]
The SVEC, RP, END-POINTS, LSPA, BANDWIDTH, METRIC, ERO, IRO and LOAD-
BALANCING objects are defined in Section 7. The special case of two
BANDWIDTH objects is discussed in details in Section 7.6.
6.5. Path Computation Reply (PCRep) message
The PCEP Path Computation Reply message (also referred to as a PCRep
message) is a PCEP message sent by a PCE to a requesting PCC in
response to a previously received PCReq message. The Message-Type
field of the PCEP common header is set to 4 (To be confirmed by
IANA).
The PCRep message MUST contain at least one RP object. For each
reply that is bundled into a single PCReq message, an RP object MUST
be included that contains a Request-ID-number identical to the one
specified in the RP object carried in the corresponding PCReq message
(see Section 7.3for the definition of the RP object).
A PCRep message may contain a set of computed path(s) corresponding
to either a single path computation request with load-balancing (see
Section 7.15) or multiple path computation requests originated by a
requesting PCC. The PCReq message may also contain multiple
acceptable paths corresponding to the same request.
The bundling of multiple replies to a set of path computation
requests within a single PCRep message is supported by the PCEP
protocol. If a PCE receives non-synchronized path computation
requests by means of one or more PCReq messages from a requesting PCC
it may decide to bundle the computed paths within a single PCRep
message so as to reduce the control plane load. Note that the
counter side of such an approach is the introduction of additional
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 17]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
delays for some path computation requests of the set. Conversely, a
PCE that receives multiple requests within the same PCReq message,
may decide to provide each computed path in separate PCRep messages.
If the path computation request can be satisfied (the PCE finds a set
of path(s) that satisfy the set of constraint(s)), the set of
computed path(s) specified by means of ERO object(s) is inserted in
the PCRep message. The ERO object is defined in Section 7.8. Such a
situation where multiple computed paths are provided in a PCRep
message is discussed in detail in Section 7.12. Furthermore, when a
PCC requests the computation a set of paths for a total amount of
bandwidth of X by means of a LOAD-BALANCING object carried within a
PCReq message, the ERO of each computed path may be followed by a
BANDWIDTH object as discussed in section Section 7.15.
If the path computation request cannot be satisfied, the PCRep
message MUST include a NO-PATH object. The NO-PATH object (described
in Section 7.4) may also comprise other information (e.g reasons for
the path computation failure).
The format of a PCRep message is as follows:
<PCRep Message> ::= <Common Header>
[<svec-list>]
<response-list>
where:
<svec-list>::=<SVEC>[<svec-list>]
<response-list>::=<response>[<response-list>]
<response>::=<RP>
[<NO-PATH>]
[<path-list>]
<path-list>::=<path>[<path-list>]
<path>::= <ERO>
[<LSPA>]
[<BANDWIDTH>]
[<METRIC>]
[<IRO>]
6.6. Notification (PCNtf) message
The PCEP Notification message (also referred to as the PCNtf message)
can either be sent by a PCE to a PCC or by a PCC to a PCE so as to
notify of a specific event. The Message-Type field of the PCEP
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 18]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
common header is set to 5 (To be Confirmed by IANA).
The PCNtf message MUST carry at least one NOTIFICATION object and may
contain several NOTIFICATION objects should the PCE or the PCC intend
to notify of multiple events. The NOTIFICATION object is defined in
Section 7.13. The PCNtf message may also contain an RP object (see
Section 7.3 when the notification refers to a particular path
computation request.
The PCNtf message may be sent by a PCC or a PCE in response to a
request or in an unsolicited manner.
The format of a PCNtf message is as follows:
<PCNtf Message>::=<Common Header>
<notify-list>
<notify-list>::=<notify> [<notify-list>]
<notify>::= [<request-id-list>]
<notification-list>
<request-id-list>:==<RP><request-id-list>
<notification-list>:=<NOTIFICATION><notification-list>
6.7. Error (PCErr) Message
The PCEP Error message (also referred to as a PCErr message) is sent
when a protocol error condition is met. The Message-Type field of
the PCEP common header is set to 6.
The PCErr message may be sent by a PCC or a PCE in response to a
request or in an unsolicited manner. In the former case, the PCErr
message MUST include the set of RP objects related to the pending
path computation request(s) that triggered the protocol error
condition. In the later case (unsollicited), no RP object is
inserted in the PCErr message. No RP object is inserted in a PCErr
when the error condition occurred during the initialization phase. A
PCErr message MUST contain a PCEP-ERROR object specifying the PCEP
error condition. The PCEP-ERROR object is defined in section
Section 7.14.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of a PCErr message is as follows:
<PCErr Message> ::= <Common Header>
<error-list>
[<Open>]
<error-list>:==<error>[<error-list>]
<error>::=[<request-id-list>]
<error-obj-list>
<request-id-list>:==<RP>[<request-id-list>]
<error-obj-list>:==<PCEP-ERROR>[<error-obj-list>]
The procedure upon the reception of a PCErr message is defined in
Section 7.14.
6.8. Close message
The Close message is a PCEP message sent by either a PCC to a PCE or
by a PCE to a PCC in order to close a PCEP session. The Message-Type
field of the PCEP common header for the Open message is set to 7 (To
be confirmed by IANA).
Close message
<Close Message>::= <Common Header>
<CLOSE>
The Close message MUST contain exactly one CLOSE object (see
Section 6.8).
Upon the receipt of a Close message, the receiving PCEP peer MUST
cancel all pending requests and MUST close the TCP connection.
7. Object Formats
7.1. Common object header
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 20]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
A PCEP object carried within a PCEP message consists of one or more
32-bit words with a common header which has the following format:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Object-Class | OT |Res|P|I| Object Length (bytes) |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// (Object body) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 8: PCEP common object header
Object-Class (8 bits): identifies the PCEP object class.
OT (Object-Type - 4 bits): identifies the PCEP object type.
The Object-Class and Object-Type fields are managed by IANA.
The Object-Class and Object-Type fields uniquely identify each PCEP
object.
Res flags (2 bits). Reserved field (MUST be set to 0).
P flag (Processing-Rule - 1-bit): the P flag allows a PCC to specify
in a PCReq message sent to a PCE whether the object must be taken
into account by the PCE during path computation or is just optional.
When the P flag is set, the object MUST be taken into account by the
PCE. Conversely, when the P flag is cleared, the object is optional
and the PCE is free to ignore it if not supported.
I flag (Ignore - 1 bit): the I flag is used by a PCE in a PCRep
message to indicate to a PCC whether or not an optional object was
processed. The PCE MAY include the ignored optional object in its
reply and set the I flag to indicate that the optional object was
ignored during path computation. When the I flag is cleared, the PCE
indicates that the optional object was processed during the path
computation. The setting of the I flag for optional objects is
purely indicative and optional. The I flag MUST be cleared if the P
flag is set.
If the PCE does not understand an object with the P Flag set or
understands the object but decides to ignore the object, the entire
PCEP message MUST be rejected and the PCE MUST send a PCErr message
with Error-Type="Unknown Object" or "Not supported Object".
Object Length (16 bits). Specifies the total object length including
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 21]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
the header, in bytes. The Object Length field MUST always be a
multiple of 4, and at least 4. The maximum object content length is
65528 bytes.
7.2. OPEN object
The OPEN object MUST be present in each Open message and may be
present in PCErr message. There MUST be only one OPEN object per
Open or PCErr message.
The OPEN object contains a set of fields used to specify the PCEP
protocol version, Keepalive frequency, DeadTimer, PCEP session ID
along with various flags. The OPEN object may also contain a set of
TLVs used to convey various session characteristics such as the
detailed PCE capabilities, policy rules and so on. No such TLV is
currently defined.
OPEN Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
OPEN Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
The format of the OPEN object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Ver | Keepalive | Deadtimer | SID | Flags |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 9: OPEN Object format
Ver (Ver - 3 bits): PCEP version. Current version is 1.
Keepalive (8 bits): minimum period of time (in seconds) between the
sending of PCEP messages. The minimum value for the Keepalive is 1
second. When set to 0, once the session is established, no further
keepalives need to be sent to the remote peer. A RECOMMENDED value
for the keepalive frequency is 30 seconds.
DeadTimer (8 bits): specifies the amount of time after the expiration
of which a PCEP peer declares the session with the sender of the Open
message down if no PCEP message has been received. The DeadTimer
MUST be set to 0 if the Keepalive is set to 0. A RECOMMENDED value
for the DeadTimer is 4 times the value of the Keepalive.
SID (PCEP session-ID - 8 bits): specifies a 2 octet unsigned PCEP
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 22]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
session number that identifies the current session. The SID MUST be
incremented each time a new PCEP session is established and is mainly
used for logging and troubleshooting purposes.
Flags (5 bits): No Flags are currently defined.
Optional TLVs may be included within the OPEN object body to specify
PCC or PCE characteristics. The specification of such TLVs is
outside the scope of this document.
When present in an Open message, the OPEN object specifies the
proposed PCEP session characteristics. Upon receiving unacceptable
PCEP session characteristics during the PCEP session initialization
phase, the receiving PCEP peer (PCE) MAY include a PCEP object within
the PCErr message so as to propose alternative session characteristic
values.
7.3. RP Object
The RP (Request Parameters) object MUST be carried within each PCReq
and PCRep messages and MAY be carried within PCNtf and PCErr
messages. The P flag of the RP object MUST be set. The RP object is
used to specify various characteristics of the path computation
request.
7.3.1. Object definition
RP Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=2)
RP Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 23]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the RP object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags |F|O|B|R| Pri |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Request-ID-number |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 10: RP object body format
The RP object body has a variable length and may contain additional
TLVs. No TLVs are currently defined.
Flags: 18 bits - The following flags are currently defined:
Pri (Priority - 3 bits): the Priority field may be used by the
requesting PCC to specify to the PCE the request's priority from 1 to
7. The decision of which priority should be used for a specific
request is of a local matter and MUST be set to 0 when unused.
Furthermore, the use of the path computation request priority by the
PCE's requests scheduler is implementation specific and out of the
scope of this document. Note that it is not required for a PCE to
support the priority field: in this case, it is RECOMMENDED to set
the priority field to 0 by the PCC in the RP object. If the PCE does
not take into account the request priority, it is RECOMMENDED to set
the priority field to 0 in the RP object carried within the
corresponding PCRep message, regardless of the priority value
contained in the RP object carried within the corresponding PCReq
message. A higher numerical value of the priority field reflects a
higher priority. Note that it is the responsibility of the network
administrator to make use of the priority values in a consistent
manner across the various PCC(s). The ability of a PCE to support
requests prioritization may be dynamically discovered by the PCC(s)
by means of PCE capability discovery. If not advertised by the PCE,
a PCC may decide to set the request priority and will learn the
ability of the PCE the support request prioritization by observing
the Priority field of the RP object received in the PCRep message.
If the value of the Pri field is set to 0, this means that the PCE
does not support the handling of request priorities: in other words,
the path computation request has been honoured but without taking the
request priority into account.
R (Reoptimization - 1 bit): when set, the requesting PCC specifies
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 24]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
that the PCReq message relates to the reoptimization of an existing
TE LSP in which case, in addition to the TE LSP attributes, the
current path of the existing TE LSP to be reoptimized MUST be
provided in the PCReq (except for 0-bandwidth TE LSP) message by
means of an RRO object defined in Section 7.9.
B (Bi-directional - 1 bit): when set, the PCC specifies that the path
computation request relates to a bidirectional TE LSP that has the
same traffic engineering requirements including fate sharing,
protection and restoration, LSRs, and resource requirements (e.g.
latency and jitter) in each direction. When cleared, the TE LSP is
unidirectional.
O (strict/lOose - 1 bit): when set, in a PCReq message, this
indicates that a strict/loose path is acceptable. Otherwise, when
cleared, this indicates to the PCE that an explicit path is required.
In a PCRep message, when the O bit is set this indicates that the
returned path is strict/loose, otherwise (the O bit is cleared), the
returned path is explicit.
F (Fail - 1 bit): when set, the requesting PCC requires the
computation of a new path for a TE LSP that has failed in which case
the path of the existing TE LSP MUST be provided in the PCReq (except
for 0-bandwidth TE LSP) message by means of an RRO object defined in
Section 7.9. This is to avoid double bandwidth booking should the
TED not be yet updated or the corresponding resources not be yet
released.
Request-ID-number (32 bits). The Request-ID-number value combined
with the source IP address of the PCC and the PCE address uniquely
identify the path computation request context. The Request-ID-number
MUST be incremented each time a new request is sent to the PCE. The
value 0x0000000 is considered as invalid. If no path computation
reply is received from the PCE, and the PCC wishes to resend its
request, the same Request-ID-number MUST be used. Conversely,
different Request-ID-number MUST be used for different requests sent
to a PCE. The same Request-ID-number may be used for path
computation requests sent to different PCEs. The path computation
reply is unambiguously identified by the IP source address of the
replying PCE.
7.3.2. Handling of the RP object
If a PCReq message is received without containing an RP object, the
PCE MUST send a PCErr message to the requesting PCC with Error-
type="Required Object missing" and Error-value="RP Object missing".
If the O bit of the RP message carried within a PCReq message is set
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 25]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
and local policy has been configured on the PCE to not provide
explicit path(s) (for instance, for confidentiality reasons), a PCErr
message MUST be sent by the PCE to the requesting PCC and the pending
path computation request MUST be discarded. The Error-type is
"Policy Violation" and Error-value is "O bit set".
R bit: when the R bit of the RP object is set in a PCReq message,
this indicates that the path computation request relates to the
reoptimization of an existing TE LSP. In this case, the PCC MUST
also provide the explicit or strict/loose path by including an RRO
object in the PCReq message so as to avoid double bandwidth counting
if and only if the TE LSP is a non 0-bandwidth TE LSP. If the PCC
has previously requested a non-explicit path (O bit set), a
reoptimization can still be requested by the PCC but this implies for
the PCE to be either stateful (keep track of the previously computed
path with the associated list of strict hops) or to have the ability
to retrieve the complete required path segment. Alternatively the
PCC MUST be able to inform PCE of the working path with associated
list of strict hops in PCReq. The absence of an RRO in the PCReq
message for a non 0-bandwidth TE LSP when the R bit of the RP object
is set MUST trigger the sending of a PCErr message with Error-
type="Required Object Missing" and Error-value="RRO Object missing
for reoptimization".
If the PCC receives a PCRep message that contains a RP object
referring to an unknown Request-ID-Number, the PCC MUST send a PCErr
message with Error-Type="Unknown request reference".
7.4. NO-PATH Object
The No-PATH object is used in PCRep messages in response to an
unsuccessful path computation request (the PCE could not find a path
satisfying the set of constraints). When a PCE cannot find a path
satisfying a set of constraints, it MUST include a NO-PATH object in
the PCRep message. The NO-PATH object is used to report the
impossibility to find a path that satisfies the set of constraints.
Optionally, if the PCE supports such capability, the NO-PATH object
MAY contain an optional NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV defined below and the
PCRep message MAY also contain a list of objects that specify the set
of constraints that could not be satisfied. The PCE MAY just
replicate the set of object(s) that was received that was the cause
of the unsuccessful computation or MAY optionally report a suggested
value for which a path could have been found.
NO-PATH Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=3)
NO-PATH Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 26]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the NO-PATH object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|C| Flags | Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 11: NO-PATH object format
Optionally, a TLV named NO-PATH-VECTOR MAY be included in the
NO-PATH object that specifies the reason that led to unsuccesful path computation.
The NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV is composed of 1 octet for the type,
1 octet specifying the number of bytes in the value field, followed by
a fix length value field of 32-bits flags field used to report the reason(s)
that led to unsuccesful path computation The NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV is padded
to eight-octet alignment.
TYPE: To be assigned by IANA
LENGTH: 4
VALUE: 32-bits flags field
IANA is requested to manage the space of flags carried in the NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV (see IANA section).
The following flags are currently defined:
0x01: PCE currently unavailable
0x02: Unknown destination
The NO-PATH object body has a variable length and may contain
additional TLVs.
The only TLV currently defined is the NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV defined
below.
Flags (16 bits). The following flags are currently defined:
C flag (1 bit): when set, the PCE indicates the set of unsatisfied
constraints (reasons why a path could not be found) in the PCRep
message by including the relevant PCEP objects. When cleared, no
reason is specified.
Example: consider the case of a PCC that sends a path computation
request to a PCE for a TE LSP of X MBits/s. Suppose that PCE cannot
find a path for X MBits/s. In this case, the PCE must include in the
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 27]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
PCRep message a NO-PATH object. Optionally the PCE may also include
the original BANDWIDTH object so as to indicate that the reason for
the unsuccessful computation is the bandwidth constraint (in this
case, the C flag is set). If the PCE supports such capability it may
alternatively include the BANDWIDTH Object and report a value of Y in
the bandwidth field of the BANDWIDTH object (in this case, the C flag
is set) where Y refers to the bandwidth for which a TE LSP with the
same other characteristics could have been computed.
When the NO-PATH object is absent from a PCRep message, the path
computation request has been fully satisfied and the corresponding
path(s) is/are provided in the PCRep message.
7.5. END-POINT Object
The END-POINTS object is used in a PCReq message to specify the
source IP address and the destination IP address of the path for
which a path computation is requested. Note that the source and
destination addresses specified in the END-POINTS object may or may
not correspond to the source and destination IP address of the TE LSP
but rather to a path segment. Two END-POINTS objects (for IPv4 and
IPv6) are defined.
END-POINTS Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=4)
END-POINTS Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1
for IPv4 and 2 for IPv6)
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 28]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the END-POINTS object body for IPv4 (Object-Type=1) is
as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Source IPv4 address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Destination IPv4 address |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 12: END-POINTS object body format for IPv4
The format of the END-POINTS object for IPv6 (Object-Type=2) is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Source IPv6 address (16 bytes) |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
| Destination IPv6 address (16 bytes) |
| |
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 13: END-POINTS object body format for IPv6
The END-POINTS object body has a fixed length of 8 octets for IPv4
and 32 octets for IPv6.
7.6. BANDWIDTH Object
The BANDWIDTH object is optional and can be used to specify the
requested bandwidth for a TE LSP. In the case of a non existing TE
LSP, the BANDWIDTH object MUST be included in the PCReq message so as
to specify the required bandwidth for the new TE LSP. In the case of
the reoptimization of an existing TE LSP, the bandwidth of the
existing TE LSP MUST also be included in addition to the requested
bandwidth if and only if the two values differ. Consequently, two
Object-Type are defined that refer to the requested bandwidth and the
bandwidth of a existing TE LSP for which a reoptimization is being
performed.
The BANDWIDTH object may be carried within PCReq and PCRep messages.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 29]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The absence of the BANDWIDTH object MUST be interpreted by the PCE as
a path computation request related to a 0 bandwidth TE LSP.
BANDWIDTH Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=5)
Two Object-Type are defined for the BANDWIDTH object:
o Requested bandwidth: BANDWIDTH Object-Type is to be assigned by
IANA (recommended value=1)
o Bandwidth of an existing TE LSP for which a reoptimization is
requested. BANDWIDTH Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA
(recommended value=2)
The format of the BANDWIDTH object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Bandwidth |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 14: BANDWIDTH object body format
Bandwidth: 32 bits. The requested bandwidth is encoded in 32 bits in
IEEE floating point format, expressed in bytes per second.
The BANDWIDTH object body has a fixed length of 4 octets.
7.7. METRIC Object
The METRIC object is optional and can be used for several purposes.
In a PCReq message, a PCC MAY insert a METRIC object:
o To indicate the metric that MUST be optimized by the path
computation algorithm. Currently, two metrics are defined: the
IGP cost and the TE metric (see [RFC3785]).
o To indicate a bound on the path cost than MUST NOT be exceeded for
the path to be considered as acceptable by the PCC.
In a PCRep message, the METRIC object MAY be inserted so as to
provide the cost for the computed path. It MAY also be inserted
within a PCRep with the NO-PATH object to indicate that the metric
constraint could not be satisfied.
The path computation algorithmic aspects used by the PCE to optimize
a path with respect to a specific metric are outside the scope of
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 30]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
this document.
It must be understood that such path metric is only meaningful if
used consistently: for instance, if the delay of a path computation
segment is exchanged between two PCE residing in different domains,
consistent ways of defining the delay must be used.
The absence of the METRIC object MUST be interpreted by the PCE as a
path computation request for which the PCE may choose the metric to
be used.
METRIC Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=6)
METRIC Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
The format of the METRIC object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags |C|B| T |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| metric-value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 15: METRIC object body format
T (Type - 8 bits): Specifies the metric type.
Two values are currently defined:
o T=1: The IGP metric
o T=2: The TE cost
B (Bound - 1 bit): When set in a PCReq message, the metric-value
indicates a bound (a maximum) for the path cost that must not be
exceeded for the PCC to consider the computed path as acceptable.
When the B flag is cleared, the metric-value field MUST be set to
0x0000. The B flag MUST always be cleared in a PCRep message.
C (Cost - 1 bit): When set in a PECReq message, this indicates that
the PCE MUST provide the computed path cost (should a path satisfying
the constraints be found) in the PCRep message for the corresponding
metric.
Metric-value (32 bits): metric value encoded in 32 bits in IEEE
floating point format.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 31]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The METRIC object body has a fixed length of 8 octets.
Multiple METRIC Objects MAY be inserted in a PCRep or the PCReq
message.
In a PCReq message the presence of multiple METRIC object can be used
to specify a multi-parameters (e.g. a metric may be a constraint or a
parameter to minimize/maximize) objective function or multiple bounds
for different constraints where at most one METRIC object must be
used to indicate the metric to optimize (B-flag is cleared): the
other METRIC object MUST be used to reflect bound constraints (B-Flag
is set).
A METRIC object used to indicate the metric to optimize during the
path computation MUST have the B-Flag cleared, the metric-value field
set to 0x0000 and the T-Flag set to the appropriate value.
A METRIC object used to reflect a bound MUST have the B-Flag set, the
T-Flag and metric-value field set to the appropriate values.
In a PCRep message, unless not allowed by PCE policy, at least one
METRIC object MUST be present that reports the computed path cost if
the C bit of the METRIC object was set in the corresponding path
computation request (the B-flag MUST be cleared); optionally the
PCRep message MAY contain additional METRIC objects that correspond
to bound constraints, in which case the metric-value MUST be equal to
the corresponding path metric cost (the B-flag MUST be set). If no
path satisfying the constraints could be found by the PCE, the METRIC
objects MAY also be present in the PCRep message with the NO-PATH
object to indicate the constraint metric that could be satisfied.
Example: if a PCC sends a path computation request to a PCE where the
metric to optimize is the IGP metric and the TE metric must not
exceed the value of M, two METRIC object are inserted in the PCReq
message:
o First METRIC Object with B=0, T=1, C=1, metric-value=0x0000
o Second METRIC Object with B=1, T=2, metric-value=M
If a path satisfying the set of constraints can be found by the PCE
and no policy preventing to provide the path cost in place, the PCE
inserts one METRIC object with B=0, T=1, metric-value= computed IGP
path cost. Additionally, the PCE may insert a second METRIC object
with B=1, T=2, metric-value= computed TE path cost: the second METRIC
object MUST be inserted if the corresponding C bit was set in the
path computation request.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 32]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
7.8. ERO Object
The ERO object is used to encode a TE LSP. The ERO Object is carried
within a PCRep message to provide the computed TE LSP should have the
path computation been successful.
The contents of this object are identical in encoding to the contents
of the Explicit Route Object defined in [RFC3209], [RFC3473] and
[RFC3477]. That is, the object is constructed from a series of sub-
objects. Any RSVP ERO sub-object already defined or that could be
defined in the future for use in the ERO is acceptable in this
object.
PCEP ERO sub-object types correspond to RSVP ERO sub-object types.
Since the explicit path is available for immediate signaling by the
MPLS or GMPLS control plane, the meanings of all of the sub-objects
and fields in this object are identical to those defined for the ERO.
ERO Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=7)
ERO Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
7.9. RRO Object
The RRO object is used to record the route followed by a TE LSP. The
PCEP RRO object is exclusively carried within a PCReq message so as
to specify the route followed by a TE LSP for which a reoptimization
is desired.
The contents of this object are identical in encoding to the contents
of the Route Record Object defined in [RFC3209], [RFC3473] and
[RFC3477]. That is, the object is constructed from a series of sub-
objects. Any RSVP RRO sub-object already defined or that could be
defined in the future for use in the RRO is acceptable in this
object.
The meanings of all of the sub-objects and fields in this object are
identical to those defined for the RRO.
PCEP RRO sub-object types correspond to RSVP RRO sub-object types.
RRO Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=8)
RRO Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 33]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
7.10. LSPA Object
The LSPA object is optional and specifies various TE LSP attributes
to be taken into account by the PCE during path computation. The
LSPA (LSP Attributes) object can either be carried within a PCReq
message or a PCRep message in case of unsuccessful path computation
(in this case, the PCRep message also contains a NO-PATH object and
the LSPA object is used to indicate the set of constraint(s) that
could not be satisfied). Most of the fields of the LSPA object are
identical to the fields of the SESSION-ATTRIBUTE object defined in
[RFC3209] and [RFC4090]. When absent from the PCReq message, this
means that the Setup and Holding priorities are equal to 0, and there
are no affinity constraints.
LSPA Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=9)
Two Objects-Types are defined for the LSPA object: LSPA without
resource affinity (Object-Type to be assigned by IANA with
recommended value=1) and LSPA with resource affinity (Object-type=2).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 34]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the LSPA object body with and without resource affinity
are as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Setup Prio | Holding Prio | Flags |L| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 16: LSPA object body format (without resource affinity)
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Exclude-any |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Include-any |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Include-all |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Setup Prio | Holding Prio | Flags |L| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 17: LSPA object body format (with resource affinity)
Setup Prio (Setup Priority - 8 bits). The priority of the session
with respect to taking resources, in the range of 0 to 7. The value
0 is the highest priority. The Setup Priority is used in deciding
whether this session can preempt another session.
Holding Prio (Holding Priority - 8 bits). The priority of the
session with respect to holding resources, in the range of 0 to 7.
The value 0 is the highest priority. Holding Priority is used in
deciding whether this session can be preempted by another session.
Flags
The flag L corresponds to the "Local protection desired" bit
([RFC3209]) of the SESSION-ATTRIBUTE Object.
L Flag (Local protection desired). When set, this means that the
computed path must include links protected with Fast Reroute as
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 35]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
defined in [RFC4090].
7.11. IRO Object
The IRO (Include Route Object) object is optional and can be used to
specify that the computed path MUST traverse a set of specified
network elements. The IRO object MAY be carried within PCReq and
PCRep messages. When carried within a PCRep message with the NO-PATH
object, the IRO indicates the set of elements that fail the PCE to
find a path.
IRO Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=10)
IRO Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// (Subobjects) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 18: IRO object body format
Subobjects The IRO object is made of sub-object(s) identical to the
ones defined in [RFC3209], [RFC3473] and [RFC3477] for use in EROs.
The following subobject types are supported.
Type Subobject
1 IPv4 prefix
2 IPv6 prefix
4 Unnumbered Interface ID
32 Autonomous system number
The L bit of such sub-object has no meaning within an IRO object.
7.12. SVEC Object
7.12.1. Notion of Dependent and Synchronized path computation requests
Independent versus dependent path computation requests: path
computation requests are said to be independent if they are not
related to each other. Conversely a set of dependent path
computation requests is such that they MUST be computed
simultaneously: a typical example of dependent requests is the
computation of a set of diverse paths.
Synchronized versus non-synchronized path computation requests: a set
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 36]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
of path computation requests is said to be non-synchronized if their
respective treatment (path computations) can be performed by a PCE in
a serialized and independent fashion.
There are various circumstances where the synchronization of a set of
path computations may be beneficial or required.
Consider the case of a set of N TE LSPs for which a PCC needs to send
path computation requests to a PCE. The first solution consists of
sending N separate PCReq messages to the selected PCE. In this case,
the path computation requests are non synchronized. Note that the
PCC may chose to distribute the set of N requests across K PCEs for
load balancing purpose. Considering that M (with M<N) requests are
sent to a particular PCEi, as described above, such M requests can be
sent in the form of successive PCReq messages destined to PCEi or
bundled within a single PCReq message (since PCEP allows for the
bundling of multiple path computation requests within a single PCRep
message). That said, even in the case of independent requests, it
can be desirable to request from the PCE the computation of their
paths in a synchronized fashion that is likely to lead to more
optimal path computations and/or reduced blocking probability if the
PCE is a stateless PCE. In other words, the PCE should not compute
the corresponding paths in a serialized and independent manner but it
should rather simultaneously compute their paths. For example,
trying to simultaneously compute the paths of M TE LSPs may allow the
PCE to improve the likelihood to meet multiple constraints. Consider
the case of two TE LSPs requesting N1 MBits/s and N2 MBits/s
respectively and a maximum tolerable end-to-end delay for each TE LSP
of X ms. There may be circumstances where the computation of the
first TE LSP irrespectively of the second TE LSP may lead to the
impossibility to meet the delay constraint for the second TE LSP. A
second example is related to the bandwidth constraint. It is quite
straightforward to provide examples where a serialized independent
path computation approach would lead to the impossibility to satisfy
both requests (due to bandwidth fragmentation) while a synchronized
path computation would successfully satisfy both requests. A last
example relates to the ability to avoid the allocation of the same
resource to multiple requests thus helping to reduce the call set up
failure probability compared to the serialized computation of
independent requests.
Dependent path computation are usually synchronized. For example, in
the case of the computation of M diverse paths, if such paths are
computed in a non-synchronized fashion this seriously increases the
probability of not being able to satisfy all requests (sometimes also
referred to as the well-know "trapping problem"). Furthermore, this
would not allow a PCE to implement objective functions such as trying
to minimize the sum of the TE LSP costs. In such a case, the path
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 37]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
computation requests must be synchronized: they cannot be computed
independently of each other. Conversely a set of independent path
computation requests may or may not be synchronized.
The synchronization of a set of path computation requests is achieved
by using the SVEC object that specifies the list of synchronized
requests that can either be dependent or independent.
PCEP supports the following three modes:
o Bundle of a set of independent and non-synchronized path
computation requests,
o Bundle of a set of independent and synchronized path computation
requests (SVEC object defined below required),
o Bundle of a set of dependent and synchronized path computation
requests (SVEC object defined below required).
7.12.2. SVEC Object
Section 7.12.1 details the circumstances under which it may be
desirable and/or required to synchronize a set of path computation
requests. The SVEC (Synchronization VECtor) object allows a PCC to
request the synchronization of a set of dependent or independent path
computation request. The SVEC object is optional and may be carried
within a PCReq message.
The aim of the SVEC object carried within a PCReq message is to
request the synchronization of M path computation requests. The SVEC
object is a variable length object that lists the set of M path
computation requests that must be synchronized. Each path
computation request is uniquely identified by the Request-ID-number
carried within the respective RP object. The SVEC object also
contains a set of flags that specify the synchronization type.
SVEC Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=11)
SVEC Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
One Object-Type is defined for this object to be assigned by IANA
with a recommended value of 1.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 38]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the SVEC object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags |S|N|L|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Request-ID-number #1 | |
// //
| Request-ID-number #M |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 19: SVEC body object format
Flags: Defines the potential dependency between the set of path
computation requests.
L (Link diverse) bit: when set, this indicates that the computed
paths corresponding to the requests specified by the following RP
objects MUST NOT have any link in common.
N (Node diverse) bit: when set, this indicates that the computed
paths corresponding to the requests specified by the following RP
objects MUST NOT have any node in common.
S (SRLG diverse) bit: when set, this indicates that the computed
paths corresponding to the requests specified by the following RP
objects MUST NOT share any SRLG (Shared Risk Link Group).
In case of a set of M synchronized independent path computation
requests, the bits L, N and S are cleared.
The flags defined above are not exclusive.
7.12.3. Handling of the SVEC Object
The SVEC object allows a PCC to specify a list of M path computation
requests that MUST be synchronized along with a potential dependency.
The set of M path computation requests may be sent within a single
PCReq message or multiple PCReq message. In the later case, it is
RECOMMENDED for the PCE to implement a local timer upon the receipt
of the first PCReq message that contains the SVEC object after the
expiration of which, if all the M path computation requests have not
been received, a protocol error is triggered (this timer is called
the SyncTimer). In this case the PCE MUST cancel the whole set of
path computation requests and MUST send a PCErr message with Error-
Type="Synchronized path computation request missing".
Note that such PCReq message may also contain non-synchronized path
computation requests. For example, the PCReq message may comprise N
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 39]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
synchronized path computation requests related to RP 1, ... , RP N
listed in the SVEC object along with any other path computation
requests.
7.13. NOTIFICATION Object
The NOTIFICATION object is exclusively carried within a PCNtf message
and can either be used in a message sent by a PCC to a PCE or by a
PCE to a PCC so as to notify of an event.
NOTIFICATION Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=12)
NOTIFICATION Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=1)
One Object-Type is defined for this object to be assigned by IANA
with a recommended value of 1.
The format of the NOTIFICATION body object is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags | NT | NV |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 20: NOTIFICATION body object format
NT (Notification Type - 8 bits): the Notification-type specifies the
class of notification
NV (Notification Value - 8 bits): the Notification-value provides
addition information related to the nature of the notification.
Flags: no flags are currently defined.
Both the Notification-type and Notification-value should be managed
by IANA.
The following Notification-type and Notification-value values are
currently defined:
o Notification-type=1: Pending Request cancelled
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 40]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
* Notification-value=1: PCC cancels a set of pending request(s).
A Notification-type=1, Notification-value=1 indicates that the
PCC wants to inform a PCE of the cancellation of a set of
pending request(s). Such event could be triggered because of
external conditions such as the receipt of a positive reply
from another PCE (should the PCC have sent multiple requests to
a set of PCEs for the same path computation request), a network
event such as a network failure rendering the request obsolete
or any other event(s) local to the PCC. A NOTIFICATION object
with Notification-type=1, Notification-value=1 is carried
within a PCNtf message sent by the PCC to the PCE. The RP
object corresponding to the cancelled request MUST also be
present in the PCNtf message. Multiple RP objects may be
carried within the PCNtf message in which case the notification
applies to all of them. If such notification is received by a
PCC from a PCE, the PCC MUST silently ignore the notification
and no errors should be generated.
* Notification-value=2: PCE cancels a set of pending request(s).
A Notification-type=1, Notification-value=2 indicates that the
PCE wants to inform a PCC of the cancellation of a set of
pending request(s). Such event could be triggered because of
PCE congested state or because of missing path computation
requests that are part the set of synchronized path computation
requests. A NOTIFICATION object with Notification-type=1,
Notification-value=2 is carried within a PCNtf message sent by
a PCE to a PCC. The RP object corresponding to the canncelled
request MUST also be present in the PCNtf message. Multiple RP
objects may be carried within the PCNtf message in which case
the notification applies to all of them. If such notification
is received by a PCE from a PCC, the PCE MUST silently ignore
the notification and no errors should be generated.
o Notification-type=2: PCE congestion
* Notification-value=1. A Notification-type=2, Notification-
value=1 indicates to the PCC(s) that the PCE is currently in a
congested state. If no RP objects are comprised in the PCNtf
message, this indicates that no other requests SHOULD be sent
to that PCE until the congested state is cleared: the pending
requests are not affected and will be served. If some pending
requests cannot be served due to the congested state, the PCE
MUST also include a set of RP object(s) that identifies the set
of pending requests that are cancelled by the PCE and will not
be honored. In this case, the PCE does not have to send an
additional PCNtf message with Notification-type=1 and
Notification-value=2 since the list of cancelled requests is
specified by including the corresponding set of RP object(s).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 41]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
If such notification is received by a PCE from a PCC, the PCE
MUST silently ignore the notification and no errors should be
generated.
Optionally, a TLV named CONGESTION-DURATION may be included in the
NOTIFICATION object that specifies the period of time during which no further
request should be sent to the PCE. Once this period of time has ellapsed, the PCE
should no longer be considered in congested state.
The CONGESTION-DURATION TLV is composed of 1 octet for the type,
1 octet specifying the number of bytes in the value field, 2 octets
for an "Unused" field (the value of which MUST be set to 0), followed by
a fix length value field of 4 octets specifying the estimated PCE
congestion duration in seconds. The CONGESTION-DURATION TLV is padded
to eight-octet alignment.
TYPE: To be assigned by IANA
LENGTH: 4
VALUE: estimated congestion duration in seconds
* If a new PCEP session is established while the PCE is in
congested state, the PCE MUST immediately send a PCErr with
Notification-type=2, Notification-value=1 along with the
optional CONGESTION-DURATION TLV.
* Notification-value=2. A Notification-type=2, Notification-
value=2 indicates that the PCE is no longer in congested state
and is available to process new path computation requests. An
implementation MUST make sure that a PCE sends such
notification to every PCC to which a Notification message (with
Notification-type=2, Notification-value=1) has been sent unless
a CONGESTION-DURATION TLV has been included in the
corresponding message and the PCE wishes to wait for the
expiration of that period of time before receiving new
requests. If such notification is received by a PCE from a
PCC, the PCE MUST silently ignore the notification and no
errors should be generated. It is RECOMMENDED to support some
dampening notification procedure on the PCE so as to avoid too
frequent congestion state and congestion state release
notifications. For example, an implementation could make use
of an hysteresis approach using a dual-thresholds mechanism
triggering the sending of congestion state notifications.
Furthermore, in case of high instabilities of the PCE
resources, an additional dampening mechanism SHOULD be used
(linear or exponential) to pace the notification frequency and
avoid path computation requests oscillation.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 42]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
7.14. PCEP-ERROR Object
The PCEP-ERROR object is exclusively carried within a PCErr message
to notify of a PCEP protocol error.
PCEP-ERROR Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=13)
PCEP-ERROR Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=1)
One Object-Type is defined for this object to be assigned by IANA
with a recommended value of 1.
The format of the PCEP-ERROR object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags | Error-Type | Error-Value |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 21: PCEP-ERROR object body format
A PCEP-ERROR object is used to report a PCEP protocol error and is
characterized by an Error-Type that specifies the type of error and
an Error-value that provides additional information about the error
type. Both the Error-Type and the Error-Value should be managed by
IANA (see the IANA section).
Flags (8 bits): no flag is currently defined.
Error-type (8 bits): defines the class of error.
Error-value (8 bits): provides additional details about the error.
Optionally the PCEP-ERROR object may contain additional TLV so as to
provide further information about the encountered error. No TLV is
currently defined.
A single PCErr message may contain multiple PCEP-ERROR objects.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 43]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
For each PCEP protocol error, an Error-type and an Error-value are
defined.
Error-Type Meaning
1 PCEP session establishment failure
Error-value=1: reception of a malformed Open message
Error-value=2: no Open message received before the expiration
of the OpenWait timer
Error-value=3: unacceptable and non negotiable session
characteristics
Error-value=4: unacceptable but negotiable session
characteristics
Error-value=5: reception of a second Open message
with still unacceptable session characterisitics
Error-value=6: reception of a PCErr message proposing
unacceptable session characteristics
Error-value=7: No Keepalive or PCErr message received
before the expiration of the KeepWait timer
2 Capability not supported
3 Unknown Object
Error-value=1: Unrecognized object class
Error-value=2: Unrecognized object Type
4 Not supported object
Error-value=1: Not supported object class
Error-value=2: Not supported object Type
5 Policy violation
Error-value=1: C bit of the METRIC object set (request rejected)
Error-value=2: O bit of the RP object set (request rejected)
6 Mandatory Object missing
Error-value=1: RP object missing
Error-value=2: RRO object missing for a reoptimization
request (R bit of the RP object set)
Error-value=3: END-POINTS object missing
7 Synchronized path computation request missing
8 Unknown request reference
9 DeadTimer expired
10 Attempt to establish a second PCEP session
Error-Type=1: PCEP session establishement failure.
If an malformed Open message is received, the receiving PCEP peer
MUST send a PCErr messag with Error-type=1, Error-value=1.
If no Open message is received before the expiration of the OpenWait
timer, the receiving PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr message with Error-
type=1, Error-value=2 (see Section 10 for details).
If one or more PCEP session characteristic(s) are unacceptable by the
receiving peer and are not negotiable, it MUST send a PCErr message
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 44]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
with Error-type=1, Error-value=3.
If an Open message is received with unacceptable session
characteristics but these characteristics are negotiable, the
receiving PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr message with Error-type-1,
Error-value=4 (see Section 6.2 for details).
If a second Open message is received during the PCEP session
establishment phase and the session characterics are still
unacceptable, the receiving PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr message with
Error-type-1, Error-value=5 (see Section 6.2 for details).
If a PCErr message is received during the PCEP session establishment
phase that contains an Open message proposing unacceptable session
characteristics, the receiving PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr message
with Error-type=1, Error-value=6.
If neither a Keepalive message nor a PCErr message is received before
the expiration of the KeepWait timer during the PCEP session
establishment phase, the receiving PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr
message with Error-type=1, Error-value=7.
Error-Type=2: the PCE indicates that the path computation request
cannot be honored because it does not support one or more required
capability. The corresponding path computation request MUST be
cancelled.
Error-Type=3 or Error-Type=4: if a PCEP message is received that
carries a PCEP object (with the P flag set) not recognized by the PCE
or recognized but not supported, then the PCE MUST send a PCErr
message with a PCEP-ERROR object (Error-Type=2 and 3 respectively).
The corresponding path computation request MUST be cancelled by the
PCE without further notification.
Error-Type=5: if a path computation request is received which is not
compliant with an agreed policy between the PCC and the PCE, the PCE
MUST send a PCErr message with a PCEP-ERROR object (Error-Type=4).
The corresponding path computation MUST be cancelled. Policy-
specific TLV(s) carried within the PCEP-ERROR object may be defined
in other documents to specify the nature of the policy violation.
Error-Type=6: if a path computation request is received that does not
contain a mandatory object, the PCE MUST send a PCErr message with a
PCEP-ERROR object (Error-Type=5). If there are multiple mandatory
objects missing, the PCErr message MUST contain one PCEP-ERROR object
per missing object. The corresponding path computation MUST be
cancelled.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 45]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Error-Type=7: if a PCC sends a synchronized path computation request
to a PCE and the PCE does not receive all the synchronized path
computation requests listed within the corresponding SVEC object
after the expiration of the timer SyncTimer defined in
Section 7.12.3, the PCE MUST send a PCErr message with a PCEP-ERROR
object (Error-Type=6). The corresponding synchronized path
computation MUST be cancelled. It is RECOMMENDED for the PCE to
include the REQ-MISSING TLV(s) (defined below) that identifies the
missing request(s).
The REQ-MISSING TLV is composed of 1 octet for the type,
1 octet specifying the number of bytes in the value field, 2 octets
for an "Unused" field (the value of which MUST be set to 0), followed by
a fix length value field of 4 octets specifying the request-id-number
that correspond to the missing request. The REQ-MISSING TLV is padded
to eight-octet alignment.
TYPE: To be assigned by IANA
LENGTH: 4
VALUE: request-id-number that corresponds to the missing request
Error-Type=8: if a PCC receives a PCRep message related to an unknown
path computation request, the PCC MUST send a PCErr message with a
PCEP-ERROR object (Error-Type=7). In addition, the PCC MUST include
in the PCErr message the unknown RP object.
Error-Type=9: If a PCEP peer does not receive any PCEP message
(Keepalive, PCReq, PCRep, PCNtf) during the DeadTimer period, the
PCEP peer MUST send a PCErr message with a PCEP-ERROR object (Error-
type=9, Error-value=1). The PCEP session MUST be terminated
according to the procedure defined in Section 6.8.
Error-Type=10: If a PCEP peer detects an attempt from another PCEP
peer to establish a second PCEP session, it MUST send a PCErr message
with Error-type=9, Error-value=1. The existing PCEP session MUST be
preserved and all subsequent messages related to the tentative
establishement of the second PCEP session MUST be silently ignored.
7.15. LOAD-BALANCING Object
There are situations where no TE LSP with a bandwidth of X could be
found by a PCE while such bandwidth requirement could be satisfied by
a set of TE LSPs such that the sum of their bandwidths is equal to X.
Thus it might be useful for a PCC to request a set of TE LSPs so that
the sum of their bandwidth is equal to X MBits/s, with potentially
some constraints on the number of TE LSPs and the minimum bandwidth
of each of these TE LSPs. Such request is made by inserting a LOAD-
BALANCING object in a PCReq message sent to a PCE.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 46]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The LOAD-BALANCING object is optional.
LOAD-BALANCING Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=14)
LOAD-BALANCING Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended
value=1)
The format of the LOAD-BALANCING object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | flags | Max-LSP |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Min-Bandwidth |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 14: LOAD-BALANCING object body format
Max-LSP - 8 bits: maximum number of TE LSPs in the set
Min-Bandwidth - 32 bits. Specifies the minimum bandwidth of each
element of the set of TE LSPs. The bandwidth is encoded in 32 bits
in IEEE floating point format, expressed in bytes per second.
The LOAD-BALANCING object body has a fixed length of 8 octets.
If a PCC requests the computation of a set of TE LSP(s) so that the
sum of their bandwidth is X, the maximum number of TE LSP is N and
each TE LSP must at least have a bandwidth of B, it inserts a
BANDWIDTH object specifying X as the required bandwidth and a LOAD-
BALANCING object with the Max-LSP and Min-Bandwidth fields set to N
and B respectively.
7.16. CLOSE Object
The CLOSE object MUST be present in each Close message. There MUST
be only one CLOSE object per Close message. If a Close message is
received that contains more than one CLOSE object, the first CLOSE
object is the one that must be processed. Other CLOSE object(s) MUST
be silently ignored.
CLOSE Object-Class is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=15)
CLOSE Object-Type is to be assigned by IANA (recommended value=1)
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 47]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
The format of the CLOSE object body is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | Flags | Reason |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
// Optional TLV(s) //
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 14: CLOSE Object format
Reason (4 bits): specifies the reason for closing the PCEP session.
The setting of this field is optional. Three values are currently
defined.
Reasons
Value Meaning
1 No explanation provided
2 DeadTimer expired
3 PCEP session characteristics negotiation failure
Flags (4 bits): No Flags are currently defined.
Optional TLVs may be included within the CLOSE object body. The
specification of such TLVs is outside the scope of this document.
8. Manageability Considerations
It is expected and required to specify a MIB for the PCEP
communication protocol (in a separate document). Furthermore,
additional tools related to performance, fault and diagnostic
detection are required which will also be specified in separate
documents.
9. IANA Considerations
9.1. TCP Port
The PCEP protocol will use a well-known TCP port to be assigned by
IANA.
9.2. PCEP Messages
Each PCEP message has a Message-Type.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 48]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Value Meaning
1 Open
2 Keepalive
3 Path Computation Request
4 Path Computation Reply
5 Notification
6 Error
7 Close
9.3. PCEP Object
IANA assigns value to PCEP parameters. Each PCEP object has an
Object-Class and an Object-Type.
Object-Class Name
1 OPEN
Object-Type
1
2 RP
Object-Type
1
3 NO-PATH
Object-Type
1
4 END-POINTS
Object-Type
1 : IPv4 addresses
2: IPv6 addresses
5 BANDWIDTH
Object-Type
1: Requested bandwidth
2: Bandwidth of an existing TE LSP
for which a reoptimization is performed.
6 METRIC
Object-Type
1
7 ERO
Object-Type
1
8 RRO
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 49]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Object-Type
1
9 LSPA
Object-Type
1: without resource affinity
2: with resource affinity
10 IRO
Object-Type
1
11 SVEC
Object-Type
1
12 NOTIFICATION
Object-Type
1
13 PCEP-ERROR
Object-Type
1
14 LOAD-BALANCING
Object-Type
1
15 CLOSE
Object-Type
1
9.4. Notification
A NOTIFICATION object is characterized by a Notification-type that
specifies the class of notification and a Notification-value that
provides additional information related to the nature of the
notification. Both the Notification-type and Notification-value are
managed by IANA (see IANA section).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 50]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Notification-type Name
1 Pending Request cancelled
Notification-value
1: PCC cancels a set of pending request(s)
2: PCE cancels a set of pending request(s)
2 PCE Congestion
Notification-value
1: PCE in congested state
2: PCE no longer in congested state
9.5. PCEP Error
PCEP-ERROR objects are used to report a PCEP protocol error and are
characterized by an Error-Type which specifies the type of error and
an Error-value that provides additional information about the error
type. Both the Error-Type and the Error-Value are managed by IANA.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 51]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
For each PCEP protocol error, an Error-type and an Error-value are
defined.
Error-Type Meaning
1 PCEP session establishment failure
Error-value=1: reception of a malformed Open message
Error-value=2: no Open message received before the expiration
of the OpenWait timer
Error-value=3: unacceptable and non negotiable session
characteristics
Error-value=4: unacceptable but negotiable session
characteristics
Error-value=5: reception of a second Open message
with still unacceptable session characterisitics
Error-value=6: reception of a PCErr message proposing
unacceptable session characteristics
Error-value=7: No Keepalive or PCErr message received
before the expiration of the KeepWait timer
2 Capability not supported
3 Unknown Object
Error-value=1: Unrecognized object class
Error-value=2: Unrecognized object Type
4 Not supported object
Error-value=1: Not supported object class
Error-value=2: Not supported object Type
5 Policy violation
Error-value=1: C bit of the METRIC object set (request rejected)
Error-value=2: O bit of the RP object set (request rejected)
6 Mandatory Object missing
Error-value=1: RP object missing
Error-value=2: RRO object missing for a reoptimization
request (R bit of the RP object set)
Error-value=3: END-POINTS object missing
7 Synchronized path computation request missing
8 Unknown request reference
9 DeadTimer expired
10 Attempt to establish a second PCEP session
9.6. NO-PATH-VECTOR TLV
IANA is requested to manage the space of flags carried in the NO-
PATH-VECTOR TLV defined in this document, numbering them in the usual
IETF notation starting at zero and continuing through 31. New bit
numbers may be allocated only by an IETF Consensus action. Each bit
should be tracked with the following qualities: - Bit number -
Defining RFC - Name of bit Currently two bits are defined. Here are
the suggested values: -0x01: PCE currently Unavailable -0x02: Unknown
Destination.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 52]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
10. PCEP Finite State Machine (FSM)
The section describes the PCEP Finite State Machine (FSM).
PCEP Finite State Machine
+-+-+-+-+-+-+<------+
+------| SessionUP |<---+ |
| +-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |
| | |
| +->+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |
| | | KeepWait |----+ |
| +--| |<---+ |
|+-----+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |
|| | | |
|| | | |
|| V | |
|| +->+-+-+-+-+-+-+----+ |
|| | | OpenWait |-------+
|| +--| |<------+
||+----+-+-+-+-+-+-+<---+ |
||| | | |
||| | | |
||| V | |
||| +->+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |
||| | |TCPPending |----+ |
||| +--| | |
|||+---+-+-+-+-+-+-+<---+ |
|||| | | |
|||| | | |
|||| V | |
|||+--->+-+-+-+-+ | |
||+---->| Idle |-------+ |
|+----->| |----------+
+------>+-+-+-+-+
Figure 15: PCEP Finite State Machine for the PCC
PCEP defines the following set of variables:
TCPConnect: timer (in seconds) started after having initialized a TCP
connection using the PCEP well-known TCP port. The value of the
TCPConnect timer is 60 seconds.
TCPRetry: specifies the number of times the system has tried to
establish a TCP connection with a PCEP peer without success.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 53]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
TCPMaxRetry: Maximum number of times the system tries to establish a
TCP connection using the PCEP well-known TCP port before going back
to the Idle state. The value of the TCPMaxRetry is 5.
OpenWait: timer (in seconds) that corresponds to the amount of time a
PCEP peer will wait to receive an Open message from the PCEP peer
after the expiration of which the system releases the PCEP resource
and go back to the Idle state.
KeepWait: timer that corresponds to the amount of time a PCEP peer
will wait to receive a KeepAlive or a PCErr message from the PCEP
peer after the expiration of which the system releases the PCEP
resource and go back to the Idle state. The KeepWait timer has a
fixed value of 1 minute.
OpenRetry: specifies the number of times the system has received an
Open message with unacceptable PCEP session characteristics.
The following two states variable are defined:
RemoteOK: the RemoteOK variable is a Boolean set to 1 if the system
has received an acceptable Open message.
LocalOK: the LocalOK variable is a Boolean set to 1 if the system has
received a Keepalive message acknowledging that the Open message sent
to the peer was valid.
Idle State:
The idle state is the initial PCEP state where PCEP (also referred to
as "the system") waits for an initialization event that can either be
manually triggered by the user (configuration) or automatically
triggered by various events. In Idle state, PCEP resources are
allocated (memory, potential process, ...) but no PCEP messages are
accepted from any PCEP peer. The system listens the well-known PCEP
TCP port.
The following set of variable are initialized:
TCPRetry=0,
LocalOK=0,
RemoteOK=0,
OpenRetry=0.
Upon detection of a local initialization event (e.g. user
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 54]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
configuration to establish a PCEP session with a particular PCEP
peer, local event triggering the establishment of a PCEP session with
a PCEP peer, ...), the system:
o Starts the TCPConnect timer,
o Initiates of a TCP connection with the PCEP peer,
o Increments the TCPRetry variable,
o Moves to the TCPPending state.
Upon receiving a TCP connection on the well-known PCEP TCP port, if
the PCE is in congested state, the PCE MUST immediately send a PCErr
with Notification-type=2, Notification-value=1 along with the
optional CONGESTION-DURATION TLV (see Section 7.13).
Upon receiving a TCP connection on the well-known PCEP TCP port, if
the TCP connection establishment succeeds, the system:
o Sends an Open message,
o Starts the OpenWait timer,
o Stars the KeepWait timer,
o Moves to the OpenWait state.
It is expected that an implementation will use an exponentially
increase timer between automatically generated Initialization events
and between retrials of TCP connection establishments.
TCPPending State
If the TCP connection establishment succeeds, the system:
o Sends an Open message,
o Starts the OpenWait timer,
o Starts the KeepWait timer,
o Moves to the OpenWait state.
If the TCP connection establishement fails (an error is detected
during the TCP connection establishment) or the TCPConnectTimer
expires:
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 55]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
If TCPRetry =TCPMaxRetry the system moves to the Idle State
If TCPRetry < TCPMaxRetry the system:
o Starts the TCPConnect timer,
o Initiates of a TCP connection with the PCEP peer,
o Increments the TCPRetry variable,
o Stays in the TPCPending state.
If the system detects that the PCEP peer tries to simultaneously
establish a TCP connection, it stops the TCP connection establishment
if and only if the PCEP peer has a higher IP address and moves to the
Idle state. This guarantees that in case of "collision" a single TCP
connection is established.
OpenWait State:
In the OpenWait state, the system waits for an Open message from its
PCEP peer.
If the system receives an Open message from the PCEP peer before the
expiration of the OpenWait timer, PCEP checks the PCEP session
attributes (Keepalive frequency, DeadTimer, ...).
If an error is detected (e.g. malformed Open message, presence of two
Open objects, ...), PCEP generates an error notification, the PCEP
peer sends a PCErr message with Error-Type=1 and Error-value=1. The
system releases the PCEP resources for the PCEP peer, closes the TCP
connection and moves to the Idle state.
If no errors are detected, PCEP increments the OpenRetry variable.
If OpenRetry=2, the PCEP peer sends a PCErr with Error-Type=1 and
Error-value=5, the system releases the PCEP resources for that peer,
and moves back to the Idle state.
If no errors are detected and the session characteristics are
acceptable to the local system, the system:
o Sends a Keepalive message to the PCEP peer,
o Starts the Keepalive timer,
o Sets the RemoteOK variable to 1.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 56]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
If LocalOK=1 the system moves to the UP state.
If LocalOK=0 the system moves to the KeepWait state.
If no errors are detected but the session charateristics are
unacceptable and non-negotiable, the PCEP peer sends a PCErr with
Error-Type=1 and Error-value=3, the system releases the PCEP
resources for that peer, and moves back to the Idle state.
If no errors are detected, OpenRetry=1, the session charateristics
are unacceptable but negotiable (such as the Keepalive frequency or
the DeadTimer), the system:
o sends a PCErr message with Error-Type=1 and Error-value=4 that
contains proposed acceptable session characteristics,
o If LocalOK=1, the system stays in the OpenWait state
o If LocalOK=0, the system moves to the KeepWait state
If no Open message is received before the expiration of the OpenWait
timer, the PCEP peer sends a PCErr message with Error-Type=1 and
Error-value=2, the system releases the PCEP resources for the PCEP
peer, closes the TCP connection and moves to the Idle state.
KeepWait State
In the Keepwait state, the system waits for the receipt of a
Keepalive from its PCEP peer acknowledging its Open message or a
PCErr message in response to unacceptable PCEP session
characteristics proposed in the Open message.
If a Keepalive message is received before the expiration of the
KeepWait timer, LocalOK=1
If RemoteOK=1, the system moves to the UP state.
If RemoteOK=0, the system moves to the OpenWait State.
If a PCErr message is received before the expiration of the KeepWait
timer:
1. If the proposed values are unacceptable, the PCEP peer sends a
PCErr message with Error-Type=1 and Error-value=6 and the system
releases the PCEP resources for that PCEP peer, closes the TCP
connection and moves to the Idle state.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 57]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
2. If the proposed values are acceptable, the sytem adjusts its PCEP
session characteristics according to the proposed values received
in the PCErr message restarts the KeepWait timer and sends a new
Open message. If RemoteOK=1, the system stays in the KeepWait
state. If RemoteOK=0, the system moves to the OpenWait state.
If neither a Keepalive nor a PCErr is received after the expiration
of the KeepWait timer, the PCEP peer sends a PCErr message with
Error-Type=1 and Error-value=7 and, system releases the PCEP
resources for that PCEP peer, closes the TCP connection and moves to
the Idle State.
UP State
In the UP state, the PCEP peer starts exchanging PCEP messages
according to the session characteristics.
If the Keepalive timer expires, the systens sends a Keepalive
message.
If no PCEP message (Keepalive, PCReq, PCRep, PCNtf) is received from
the PCEP peer after the expiration of the DeadTimer, the systems
sends a PCErr message with a PCEP-ERROR object (Error-type=9, Error-
value=1), terminates PCEP session according to the procedure defined
in Section 6.8, releases the PCEP resources for that PCEP peer,
closes the TCP connection and moves to the Idle State.
If a malformed PCEP message is received or the TCP connection fails,
the systems sends a PCEP CLOSE message, the system releases the PCEP
resources for that PCEP peer, closes the TCP connection and moves to
the Idle State.
11. Security Considerations
The PCEP protocol could be the target of the following attacks:
o Spoofing (PCC or PCE impersonation)
o Snooping (message interception)
o Falsification
o Denial of Service
A PCEP attack may have significant impact, particularly in an
inter-AS context as PCEP facilitates inter-AS path establishment.
Several mechanisms are proposed below, so as to ensure
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 58]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
authentication, integrity and privacy of PCEP Communications, and
also to protect against DoS attacks.
11.1. PCEP Authentication and Integrity
It is RECOMMENDED to use TCP-MD5 [RFC1321] signature option to
provide for the authenticity and integrity of PCEP messages. This
will allow protecting against PCE or PCC impersonation and also
against message content falsification.
This requires the maintenance, exchange and configuration of MD-5
keys on PCCs and PCEs. Note that such maintenance may be especially
onerous to the operators as pointed out in
[I-D.ietf-rpsec-bgpsecrec]. Hence it is important to limit the
number of keys while ensuring the required level of security.
MD-5 signature faces some limitations, as per explained in [RFC2385].
Note that when one digest technique stronger than MD5 is specified
and implemented, PCEP could be easily upgraded to use it.
11.2. PCEP Privacy
Ensuring PCEP communication privacy is of key importance, especially
in an inter-AS context, where PCEP communication end-points do not
reside in the same AS, as an attacker that intercept a PCE message
could obtain sensitive information related to computed paths and
resources. Privacy can be ensured thanks to encryption. To ensure
privacy of PCEP communication, IPSec [RFC2406] tunnels MAY be used
between PCC and PCEs or between PCEs. Note that this could also be
used to ensure Authentication and Integrity, in which case, TCP MD-5
option would not be required.
11.3. Protection against Denial of Service attacks
PCEP can be the target of TCP DoS attacks, such as for instance SYN
attacks, as all protocols running on top of TCP. PCEP can use the
same mechanisms as defined in [RFC3036] to mitigate the threat of
such attacks:
o A PCE should avoid promiscuous TCP listens for PCEP TCP session
establishment. It should use only listens that are specific to
authorized PCCs.
o The use of the MD5 option helps somewhat since it prevents a SYN
from being accepted unless the MD5 segment checksum is valid.
However, the receiver must compute the checksum before it can
decide to discard an otherwise acceptable SYN segment.
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 59]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
o The use of access-list on the PCE so as to restrict access to
authorized PCCs.
11.4. Request input shaping/policing
A PCEP implementation may be subject to Denial Of Service attacks
consisting of sending a very large number of PCEP messages (e.g.
PCReq messages). Thus, especially in multi-Service Providers
environments, a PCE implementation should implement request input
shaping/policing so as to throttle the amount of received PCEP
messages without compromising the implementation behavior.
12. Authors' addresses
This document was the collective work of several authors. The
content of this document was contributed by the editors and the co-
authors listed below:
Arthi Ayyangar
Nuova Systems
2600 San Tomas Expressway
Santa Clara, CA 95051
USA
Email: arthi@nuovasystems.com
Eiji Oki
NTT
Midori 3-9-11
Musashino, Tokyo, 180-8585
JAPAN
Email: oki.eiji@lab.ntt.co.jp
Alia Atlas
Google
1600 Amphitheatre Parkway
Montain View, CA 94043
USA
Email: akatlas@alum.mit.edu
Andrew Dolganow
Alcatel
600 March Road
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 60]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Ottawa, ON K2K 2E6
CANADA
Email: andrew.dolganow@alcatel.com
Yuichi Ikejiri
NTT Communications Corporation
1-1-6 Uchisaiwai-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-819
JAPAN
Email: y.ikejiri@ntt.com
Kenji Kumaki
KDDI Corporation
Garden Air Tower Iidabashi, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo, 102-8460
JAPAN
Email: ke-kumaki@kddi.com
13. Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dave Oran, Dean Cheng, Jerry Ash,
Igor Bryskin, Carol Iturrade, Siva Sivabalan, Rich Bradford, Richard
Douville and Jon Parker for their very valuable input. Special thank
to Adrian Farrel for his very valuable suggestions.
14. References
14.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2205] Braden, B., Zhang, L., Berson, S., Herzog, S., and S.
Jamin, "Resource ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) -- Version 1
Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
[RFC3209] Awduche, D., Berger, L., Gan, D., Li, T., Srinivasan, V.,
and G. Swallow, "RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP
Tunnels", RFC 3209, December 2001.
[RFC3473] Berger, L., "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 61]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
(GMPLS) Signaling Resource ReserVation Protocol-Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions", RFC 3473, January 2003.
[RFC3477] Kompella, K. and Y. Rekhter, "Signalling Unnumbered Links
in Resource ReSerVation Protocol - Traffic Engineering
(RSVP-TE)", RFC 3477, January 2003.
[RFC4090] Pan, P., Swallow, G., and A. Atlas, "Fast Reroute
Extensions to RSVP-TE for LSP Tunnels", RFC 4090,
May 2005.
[RFC4655] Farrel, A., Vasseur, J., and J. Ash, "A Path Computation
Element (PCE)-Based Architecture", RFC 4655, August 2006.
[RFC4657] Ash, J. and J. Le Roux, "Path Computation Element (PCE)
Communication Protocol Generic Requirements", RFC 4657,
September 2006.
[RFC4674] Le Roux, J., "Requirements for Path Computation Element
(PCE) Discovery", RFC 4674, October 2006.
14.2. Informative References
[I-D.ietf-ccamp-inter-domain-rsvp-te]
Ayyangar, A. and J. Vasseur, "Inter domain GMPLS Traffic
Engineering - RSVP-TE extensions",
draft-ietf-ccamp-inter-domain-rsvp-te-03 (work in
progress), March 2006.
[I-D.ietf-pce-disco-proto-isis]
Roux, J., "IS-IS protocol extensions for Path Computation
Element (PCE) Discovery",
draft-ietf-pce-disco-proto-isis-01 (work in progress),
December 2006.
[I-D.ietf-pce-disco-proto-ospf]
Roux, J., "OSPF protocol extensions for Path Computation
Element (PCE) Discovery",
draft-ietf-pce-disco-proto-ospf-01 (work in progress),
December 2006.
[I-D.ietf-pce-inter-layer-req]
Oki, E., "PCC-PCE Communication Requirements for Inter-
Layer Traffic Engineering",
draft-ietf-pce-inter-layer-req-03 (work in progress),
October 2006.
[I-D.ietf-pce-interas-pcecp-reqs]
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 62]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Bitar, N., "Inter-AS Requirements for the Path Computation
Element Communication Protocol (PCECP)",
draft-ietf-pce-interas-pcecp-reqs-01 (work in progress),
October 2006.
[I-D.ietf-pce-pcecp-interarea-reqs]
Roux, J., "PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP) Specific
Requirements for Inter-Area Multi Protocol Label
Switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) Traffic
Engineering", draft-ietf-pce-pcecp-interarea-reqs-04 (work
in progress), November 2006.
[I-D.ietf-rpsec-bgpsecrec]
Christian, B. and T. Tauber, "BGP Security Requirements",
draft-ietf-rpsec-bgpsecrec-06 (work in progress),
June 2006.
[RFC1321] Rivest, R., "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm", RFC 1321,
April 1992.
[RFC2385] Heffernan, A., "Protection of BGP Sessions via the TCP MD5
Signature Option", RFC 2385, August 1998.
[RFC2406] Kent, S. and R. Atkinson, "IP Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP)", RFC 2406, November 1998.
[RFC3036] Andersson, L., Doolan, P., Feldman, N., Fredette, A., and
B. Thomas, "LDP Specification", RFC 3036, January 2001.
[RFC3785] Le Faucheur, F., Uppili, R., Vedrenne, A., Merckx, P., and
T. Telkamp, "Use of Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Metric
as a second MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE) Metric", BCP 87,
RFC 3785, May 2004.
[RFC4101] Rescorla, E. and IAB, "Writing Protocol Models", RFC 4101,
June 2005.
Appendix A. Compliance with the PCECP Requirement Document
The aim of this section is to list the set of requirements set forth
in [RFC4657] that are not satisfied by the current revision of this
document. This only concerns the requirements listed as MUST
according to [RFC2119].
Here is the list of currently unsatisfied requirements:
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 63]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
o Allow to select/prefer from advertised list of standard objective
functions/options
o Allow to customize objective function/options
o Support "unsynchronized" & "synchronized" objective functions
o Protocol recovery support resynchronization of information &
requests between sender & receiver.
Appendix B. PCEP Variables
PCEP defines the following configurable variables:
KeepAlive timer: minimum period of time between the sending of PCEP
messages (Keepalive, PCReq, PCRep, PCNtf) to a PCEP peer. A
suggested value for the Keepalive timer is 30 seconds.
DeadTimer: period of timer after the expiration of which a PCEP peer
declared the session down if no PCEP message has been received.
SyncTimer: the SYNC timer is used in the case of synchronized path
computation request using the SVEC object defined in Section 7.12.3.
Consider the case where a PCReq message is received by a PCE that
contains the SVEC object referring to M synchronized path computation
requests. If after the expiration of the SYNC timer all the M path
computation requests have not been received, a protocol error is
triggered and the PCE MUST cancel the whole set of path computation
requests. A RECOMMENDED value for the SYNC timer is 60 seconds.
Editors' Addresses
JP Vasseur (editor)
Cisco Systems, Inc
1414 Massachusetts Avenue
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Email: jpv@cisco.com
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 64]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
JL Le Roux (editor)
France Telecom
2, Avenue Pierre-Marzin
Lannion, 22307
FRANCE
Email: jeanlouis.leroux@orange-ftgroup.com
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 65]
Internet-Draft draft-ietf-pce-pcep-04.txt December 2006
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2006).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
Acknowledgment
Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
Vasseur & Le Roux Expires June 16, 2007 [Page 66]