PKIX Working Group Serguei Leontiev, CRYPTO-PRO
Internet Draft Dennis Shefanovskij, DEMOS Co Ltd
Expires October 1, 2004 April 1, 2004
Intended Category: Informational
Using the GOST R 34.10-94, GOST R 34.10-2001 and
GOST R 34.11-94 algorithms with the
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure
Certificate and CRL Profile.
<draft-ietf-pkix-gost-cppk-01.txt>
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
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Abstract
This document describes identifiers and appropriate parameters for
the algorithms GOST R 34.10-94, GOST R 34.10-2001, GOST R 34.11-94,
and also ASN.1 encoding scheme for digital signatures and public
keys, used in Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). This
specification extends [RFC3279], "Algorithms and Identifiers for the
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate
Revocation List (CRL) Profile" and, correspondingly, [RFC3280],
"Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Certificate and
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile". All implementations of
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this specification MUST also satisfy the requirements of [RFC3280].
Table of Contents
1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2 Algorithm Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 One-way Hash Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1.1 One-way Hash Function GOST R 34.11-94 . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Signature Algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2.1 Signature Algorithm GOST R 34.10-94 . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2.2 Signature Algorithm GOST R 34.10-2001 . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Subject Public Key Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.1 GOST R 34.10-94 Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.3.2 GOST R 34.10-2001 Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3 Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Acknowledgments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Author's Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1 Introduction
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].
This document defines identifiers and corresponding algorithm
parameters and attributes proposed by CRYPTO-PRO Company within
"Russian Cryptographic Software Compatibility Agreement" community
for the algorithms GOST R 34.10-94, GOST R 34.10-2001, GOST R
34.11-94, key derivation algorithms based on GOST R 34.10-94 public
keys, key derivation algorithms based on GOST R 34.10-2001 public
keys, and also ASN.1 encoding [X.660] for digital signatures and
public keys, used in Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).
This specification extends [RFC3279], "Algorithms and Identifiers for
the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile" and, correspondingly,
[RFC3280], "Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure: Certificate and
Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile". All implementations of
this specification MUST also satisfy the requirements of [RFC3280].
This specification defines the content of the signatureAlgorithm,
signatureValue, signature, and subjectPublicKeyInfo fields within
Internet X.509 certificates and CRLs.
This document defines the use of one-way hash-function GOST R
34.11-94 [GOST3411] with digital signatures. This algorithm is used
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in conjunction with digital signature algorithms.
This specification describes the encoding of digital signatures,
generated with the following cryptographic algorithms:
* GOST R 34.10-94;
* GOST R 34.10-2001.
This document also defines the contents of the subjectPublicKeyInfo
field for Internet X.509 certificates. For each algorithm, the
appropriate alternatives for the keyUsage extension are provided.
This specification describes encoding formats for public keys used
with the following cryptographic algorithms:
* GOST R 34.10-94 [GOST341094];
* GOST R 34.10-2001 [GOST34102001];
* Key derivation algorithm VKO GOST R 34.10-94 [CPALGS];
* Key derivation algorithm VKO GOST R 34.10-2001 [CPALGS];
ASN.1 modules, including all the definitions used in this document
can be found in [CPALGS].
2 Algorithm Support
This section is an overview of cryptographic algorithms, that may be
used within the Internet X.509 certificates and CRL profile
[RFC3280]. It describes one-way hash functions and digital signature
algorithms, that may be used to sign certificates and CRLs, and
identifies OIDs and ASN.1 encoding for public keys contained in a
certificate.
The conforming CAs and/or applications MUST fully support digital
signatures and public keys for at least one of the specified
algorithms.
2.1 One-way Hash Function
This section identifies the use of one-way, collision free hash
function GOST R 34.11-94 - the only one that can be used in digital
signature algorithms GOST R 34.10-94/2001. The data that is hashed
for certificates and CRL signing is fully described in [RFC3280].
2.1.1 One-way Hash Function GOST R 34.11-94
GOST R 34.11-94 has been developed by "GUBS of Federal Agency
Government Communication and Information" and "All-Russian Scientific
and Research Institute of Standardization". The algorithm GOST R
34.11-94 produces a 256-bit hash value of the arbitrary finite bit
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length input. This document does not contain GOST R 34.11-94 full
specification, which can be found in [GOSTR3411] in Russian. It's
brief technical description in english can be found in [Schneier95],
ch. 18.11, p. 454.
This function is always used with default parameter set
gostR3411CryptoProParamSetAI (see section 8.2 of [CPALGS]).
2.2 Signature Algorithms
Conforming CAs may use GOST R 34.10-94 or GOST R 34.10-2001 signature
algorithms to sign certificates and CRLs. The signatureAlgorithm
field of Certificate or CertificateList indicates the signature
algorithm ID, and associated parameters. This section also defines
algorithm identifiers and parameters that MUST be used in the
signatureAlgorithm field in a Certificate or CertificateList.
Signature algorithms are always used conjointly with a one-way hash
function GOST R 34.11-94 as indicated in [GOSTR341094] and
[GOSTR34102001].
This section identifies OIDs for GOST R 34.10-94 and GOST R
34.10-2001 algorithms. The contents of the parameters component for
each algorithm may vary and details are provided below for each
algorithm separately.
2.2.1 Signature Algorithm GOST R 34.10-94
GOST R 34.10-94 has been developed by "GUBS of Federal Agency
Government Communication and Information" and "All-Russian Scientific
and Research Institute of Standardization". This signature algorithm
MUST be used conjointly with one-way, collision free hash function
GOST R 34.11-94. This document does not contain GOST R 34.10-94
standard description, which is fully described in [GOSTR341094] in
Russian, and brief description in English could be found in
[Schneier95] ch. 20.3, p. 495.
The ASN.1 OID used to identify GOST R 34.10-94 signature algorithm in
fields signatureAlgorithm in Certificate and CertificateList is:
id-CryptoPro-algorithms OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ iso(1) member-body(2) ru(643) rans(2) cryptopro(2) }
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ id-CryptoPro-algorithms gostR3411-94-with-gostR3410-94(4)}
GostR3410-94-CertificateSignatureAlgorithms
ALGORITHM-IDENTIFIER ::= {
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{ NULL IDENTIFIED BY
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94 } |
{ GostR3410-94-PublicKeyParameters IDENTIFIED BY
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94 } }
GostR3410-94-PublicKeyParameters are defined in section 2.3.1.
When the id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94 algorithm identifier
appears in an AlgorithmIdentifier and parameters are omitted, the
parameters from the public key of the signer's certificate MUST be
used. If the parameters from the public key of the signer's
certificate are also omited, and it's issuer's certificate has the
same public key algorithm, parameters from the public key of the
issuer's certificate MUST be used, and so on.
Signature algorithm GOST R 34.10-94 generates digital signature in
the form of a binary 512-bit vector (<r'>256||<s>256). That is, the
least-significant (1-st) bit of signatureValue BIT STRING contains
the least-significant (1-st) bit of <s>, and the most-significant
(512th) bit of signatureValue contains the most-significant (256th)
bit of <r'>.
2.2.2 Signature Algorithm GOST R 34.10-2001
GOST R 34.10-2001 was developed by "GUBS of Federal Agency Government
Communication and Information" and "All-Russian Scientific and
Research Institute of Standardization". This signature algorithm
MUST be used conjointly with one-way, collision free hash function
GOST R 34.11-94. This document does not contain GOST R 34.10-2001
standard description, which is fully described in [GOSTR34102001].
The ASN.1 OID used to identify GOST R 34.10-2001 signature algorithm
in fields signatureAlgorithm of Certificate and CertificateList is:
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ id-CryptoPro-algorithms gostR3411-94-with-gostR3410-2001(3) }
GostR3410-2001-CertificateSignatureAlgorithms
ALGORITHM-IDENTIFIER ::= {
{ NULL IDENTIFIED BY
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001 } |
{ GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyParameters IDENTIFIED BY
id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001 } }
GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyParameters are defined in section 2.3.2.
When the id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001 algorithm identifier
appears in an AlgorithmIdentifier and parameters are omitted, the
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parameters from the public key of the signer's certificate MUST be
used. If the parameters from the public key of the signer's
certificate are also omited, and it's issuer's certificate has the
same public key algorithm, parameters from the public key of the
issuer's certificate MUST be used, and so on.
Signature algorithm GOST R 34.10-2001 generates digital signature in
the form of a binary 512-bit vector (<r'>256||<s>256). That is, the
least-significant (1-st) bit of signatureValue BIT STRING contains
the least-significant (1-st) bit of <s>, and the most-significant
(512th) bit of signatureValue contains the most-significant (256th)
bit of <r'>.
2.3 Subject Public Key Algorithms
In according to [RFC3280] the certificates may contain a public key
for any algorithm. Within the framework of this specification the
only GOST R 34.10-94 and GOST R 34.10-2001 public key algorithms
defined. The algorithm and associated parameters are definable as OID
in certificate through ASN.1 structure AlgorithmIdentifier.
This section identifies defines OID and public key parameters for the
GOST R 34.10-94 and GOST R 34.10-2001 algorithms. The appropriate CA
MUST use the predefined OID issuing certificates containing public
keys for these algorithms. The appropriate applications supporting
any of these algorithms MUST fully recognize the OID identified in
this section
2.3.1 GOST R 34.10-94 Keys
This section defines OID and parameter encoding for inclusion of GOST
R 34.10-94 public key in certificate. Such public key can be used
for digital signature validation algorithm GOST R 34.10-94
[GOSTR341094], and for key derivation algorithm VKO GOST R 34.10-94
[CPALGS].
An assumed cryptographic key usage MAY be specified by keyUsage
extension [RFC3280]. The usage of the same key for signature and key
derivation is NOT RECOMMENDED, but possible.
Public key OID for GOST R 34.10-94 declared in this document is:
id-GostR3410-94 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ id-CryptoPro-algorithms gostR3410-94(20) }
SubjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.algorithm field (see [RFC3280]) for
GOST R 34.10-94 keys MUST be id-GostR3410-94;
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SubjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.parameters in this case MUST have the
following structure:
GostR3410-94-PublicKeyParameters ::=
SEQUENCE {
publicKeyParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
digestParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
encryptionParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL
}
where:
* publicKeyParamSet - public key parameters identifier for GOST R
34.10-94 (see section 8.3 of [CPALGS])
* digestParamSet - parameters identifier for GOST R 34.11-94 (see
section 8.2 of [CPALGS])
* encryptionParamSet - optional parameters identifier for GOST
28147-89 (see section 8.1 of [CPALGS]) MAY be present in any
certificate and MUST be present if keyUsage includes keyAgreement or
keyEnchiperment.
If GOST R 34.10-94 algorithm parameters are omitted in
subjectPublicKeyInfo, and CA signs subject certificate using GOST R
34.10-94, then GOST R 34.10-94 parameters taken from
subjectPublicKeyInfo field of issuer certificate are applicable to
public key of GOST R 34.10-94 subject. That is, cryptographic
parameters inheritance takes place. If subjectPublicKeyInfo
AlgorithmIdentifier field contain no parameters, but CA sign
certificate using signature algorithm different from GOST R 34.10-94,
such certificate MUST be rejected by conforming applications.
Public key GOST R 34.10-94 MUST be ASN.1 encoded in following way.
In GOST R 34.10-94 public key is a number y = a^x (mod p), where a
and p - parameters, and y is a bit-vector (<y>1024), at that
encoding should present <y>1024 (BIT STRING) as a vector holding
data in a little-endian. At first, a key is presented as an OCTET
STRING, and then, being DER-encoded, presented as a BIT STRING.
GostR3410-94-PublicKey ::= BIT STRING
GostR3410-94-PublicKeyOctetString ::= OCTET STRING
If the keyUsage extension is present in an end-entity certificate,
which contains a GOST R 34.10-94 public key, the following values MAY
be present:
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digitalSignature;
nonRepudiation.
keyEncipherment;
keyAgreement.
If the keyAgreement or keyEnchiperment extension is present in a
certificate GOST R 34.10-94 public key, the following values MAY be
present as well:
encipherOnly;
decipherOnly.
The keyUsage extension MUST NOT assert both encipherOnly and
decipherOnly.
If the keyUsage extension is present in an CA or CRL signer
certificate which contain a GOST R 34.10-94 public key, the following
values MAY be present:
digitalSignature;
nonRepudiation;
keyCertSign;
cRLSign.
2.3.2 GOST R 34.10-2001 Keys
This section defines OID and parameter encoding for inclusion of GOST
R 34.10-2001 public key in certificate. Such public key can be used
for digital signature validation algorithm GOST R 34.10-2001
[GOSTR34102001], and for key derivation algorithm VKO GOST R
34.10-2001 [CPALGS].
An assumed cryptographic key usage MAY be specified by keyUsage
extension [RFC3280]. The usage of the same key for signature and key
derivation is NOT RECOMMENDED, but possible.
Public key OID for GOST R 34.10-2001 declared in this document is:
id-GostR3410-2001 OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::=
{ id-CryptoPro-algorithms gostR3410-2001(19) }
SubjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.algorithm field (see [RFC3280]) for
GOST R 34.10-2001 keys MUST be id-GostR3410-2001;
SubjectPublicKeyInfo.algorithm.parameters in this case MUST have the
following structure:
GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyParameters ::=
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SEQUENCE {
publicKeyParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
digestParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
encryptionParamSet
OBJECT IDENTIFIER OPTIONAL
}
where:
* publicKeyParamSet - public key parameters identifier for GOST R
34.10-2001 (see section 8.4 of [CPALGS])
* digestParamSet - parameters identifier for GOST R 34.11-94 (see
section 8.2 of [CPALGS])
* encryptionParamSet - optional parameters identifier for GOST
28147-89 (see section 8.1 of [CPALGS]) MAY be present in any
certificate and MUST be present if keyUsage includes keyAgreement or
keyEnchiperment.
If GOST R 34.10-2001 algorithm parameters are omitted in
subjectPublicKeyInfo, and CA signs subject certificate using GOST R
34.10-2001, then GOST R 34.10-2001 parameters taken from
subjectPublicKeyInfo field of issuer certificate are applicable to
public key of GOST R 34.10-2001 subject. That is, cryptographic
parameters inheritance takes place. If subjectPublicKeyInfo
AlgorithmIdentifier field contain no parameters, but CA sign
certificate using signature algorithm different from GOST R
34.10-2001, such certificate MUST be rejected by conforming
applications.
GOST R 34.10-2001 public key MUST be ASN.1 encoded in a following
way. GOST R 34.10-2001 specifies that public key is a point on the
elliptic curve Q = dP, where d is a private key, P is a base point,
and Q presents in a way of 512-bit vector (<Xq>256||<Yq>256). This
vector is DER-encoded as two data blocks. At first, <Xq>256 block,
then <Yq>256 block. subjectPublicKey field BIT STRING type is
presented as a taken up object GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString.
At that, least-significant of the first octet
(GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString[0]) corresponds to least-
significant (1-st) of vector <Xq>256||<Yq>256 (Yq1 =
(GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString[0] & 1)).
Whereas most-significant of 64-th octet
(GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString[63]) corresponds to most-
significant (512-d) of vector <Xq>256||<Yq>256 (Xq256 =
((GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString[63] & 0x80)>>7)).
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In other words, <Xq>256||<Yq>256 vector is stored in little-endian,
that correspond binary vector form and their concatenation in GOST R
34.10-2001 ch. 5.3. At first, key is placed in OCTET STRING, than is
DER-encoded and placed in BIT STRING.
GostR3410-2001-PublicKey ::= BIT STRING
GostR3410-2001-PublicKeyOctetString ::= OCTET STRING
If the keyUsage extension is present in an end-entity certificate,
which conveys a GOST R 34.10-2001 public key, the following values
MAY be present:
digitalSignature,
nonRepudiation,
keyEncipherment,
keyAgreement.
If the keyAgreement or keyEnchiperment extension is present in a
certificate, the following values MAY be present:
encipherOnly,
decipherOnly.
The keyUsage extension MUST NOT assert both encipherOnly and
decipherOnly.
If the keyUsage extension is present in an CA or CRL signer
certificate which contain a GOST R 34.10-2001 public key, the
following values MAY be present:
digitalSignature,
nonRepudiation,
keyCertSign,
cRLSign.
3 Security Considerations
It is RECCOMENDED, that applications verify signature values and
subject public keys to conform to [GOSTR34102001], [GOSTR341094]
standards prior to their use.
When certificate is used as analogue to a manual signing, in the
context of Russian Federal Digital Signature Law [RFDSL], certificate
MUST contain keyUsage extension, it MUST be critical, and keyUsage
MUST NOT include keyEncipherment and keyAgreement.
When certificate validity period (typicaly 5 years for end entities
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and 7 years for CAs in Russia) is not equal to the private key
validity period (typicaly 15 months in Russia) it is RECOMENDED to
use private key usage period extension.
For security discussion concerning use of algorithm parameters, see
section Security Considerations from [CPALGS].
4 References
[GOST28147] "Cryptographic Protection for Data Processing Sys-
tem", GOST 28147-89, Gosudarstvennyi Standard of
USSR, Government Committee of the USSR for Standards,
1989. (In Russian);
[GOSTR341094] "Information technology. Cryptographic Data Security.
Produce and check procedures of Electronic Digital
Signatures based on Asymmetric Cryptographic Algo-
rithm.", GOST R 34.10-94, Gosudarstvennyi Standard of
Russian Federation, Government Committee of the Rus-
sia for Standards, 1994. (In Russian);
[GOSTR34102001] "Information technology. Cryptographic data security.
Signature and verification processes of [electronic]
digital signature.", GOST R 34.10-2001, Gosudarstven-
nyi Standard of Russian Federation, Government Com-
mittee of the Russia for Standards, 2001. (In Rus-
sian);
[GOSTR341194] "Information technology. Cryptographic Data Security.
Hashing function.", GOST R 34.10-94, Gosudarstvennyi
Standard of Russian Federation, Government Committee
of the Russia for Standards, 1994. (In Russian);
[RFDSL] Russian Federal Digital Signature Law, 10 Jan 2002
N1-FZ
[CPALGS] "Additional cryptographic algorithms for use with
GOST 28147-89, GOST R 34.10-94, GOST R 34.10-2001,
and GOST R 34.11-94 algorithms", V. Popov, I. Kurep-
kin, S. Leontiev, February 2004, draft-popov-crypto-
pro-cpalgs-01.txt work in progress;
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[Schneier95] B. Schneier, Applied cryptography, second edition,
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1995;
[RFC3280] Housley, R., Polk, W., Ford, W. and D. Solo,
"Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate
and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile", RFC
3280, April 2002.
[RFC3279] Algorithms and Identifiers for the Internet X.509
Public Key Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate
Revocation List (CRL) Profile. L. Bassham, W.
Polk, R. Housley. April 2002.
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key Words for Use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[TLS] The TLS Protocol Version 1.0. T. Dierks, C. Allen.
January 1999, RFC 2246.
[X.660] ITU-T Recommendation X.660 Information Technology -
ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding
Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Dis-
tinguished Encoding Rules (DER), 1997.
Acknowledgments
This document was created in accordance with "Russian Cryptographic
Software Compatibility Agreement", signed by FGUE STC "Atlas",
CRYPTO-PRO, Factor-TC, MD PREI, Infotecs GmbH, SPRCIS (SPbRCZI),
Cryptocom, R-Alpha. The goal of this agreement is to achieve mutual
compatibility of the products and solutions.
The authors wish to thank:
Microsoft Corporation Russia for provided information about
company products and solutions, and also for technical consulting
in PKI.
RSA Security Russia and Demos Co Ltd for active colaboration and
critical help in creation of this document.
RSA Security Inc for compatibility testing of the proposed data
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formats while incorporating them into RSA Keon product.
Baltimore Technology plc for compatibility testing of the proposed
data formats while incorporating them into UniCERT product.
Russ Hously (Vigil Security, LLC, housley@vigilsec.com) and
Vasilij Sakharov (DEMOS Co Ltd, svp@dol.ru) for initiative
creating this document.
This document is based on a contribution of CRYPTO-PRO company. Any
substantial use of the text from this document must reference CRYPTO-
PRO. CRYPTO-PRO requests that all material mentioning or referencing
this document identify this as "CRYPTO-PRO CPPK".
Author's Addresses
Serguei Leontiev
CRYPTO-PRO
38, Obraztsova,
Moscow, 127018, Russian Federation
EMail: lse@cryptopro.ru
Dennis Shefanovski
DEMOS Co Ltd
6/1, Ovchinnikovskaja naberezhnaya,
Moscow, 113035, Russian Federation
EMail: sdb@dol.ru
Alexandr Afanasiev
Factor-TC
office 711, 14, Presnenskij val,
Moscow, 123557, Russian Federation
EMail: aaaf@factor-ts.ru
Nikolaj Nikishin
Infotecs GmbH
p/b 35, 80-5, Leningradskij prospekt,
Moscow, 125315, Russian Federation
EMail: nikishin@infotecs.ru
Boleslav Izotov
FGUE STC "Atlas"
38, Obraztsova,
Moscow, 127018, Russian Federation
EMail: izotov@stcnet.ru
Elena Minaeva
MD PREI
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build 3, 6A, Vtoroj Troitskij per.,
Moscow, Russian Federation
EMail: evminaeva@mo.msk.ru
Serguei Murugov
R-Alpha
4/1, Raspletina,
Moscow, 123060, Russian Federation
EMail: msm@office.ru
Igori Ustinov
Cryptocom
office 239, 51, Leninskij prospekt,
Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
EMail: igus@cryptocom.ru
Anatolij Erkin
SPRCIS (SPbRCZI)
1, Obrucheva,
St.Petersburg, 195220, Russian Federation
EMail: erkin@nevsky.net
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