Network Working Group T. Dietz
Internet-Draft NEC Europe Ltd.
Intended status: Standards Track B. Claise
Expires: August 25, 2008 P. Aitken
Cisco Systems, Inc.
F. Dressler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
G. Carle
University of Tuebingen
February 22, 2008
Information Model for Packet Sampling Exports
<draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt>
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Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
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Abstract
This memo defines an information model for the Packet Sampling
(PSAMP) protocol. It is used by the PSAMP protocol for encoding
sampled packet data and information related to the Sampling process.
As the PSAMP protocol is based on the IPFIX protocol, this
information model is an extension to the IPFIX information model.
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Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC2119].
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. PSAMP Documents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. Relationship between PSAMP and IPFIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5. Properties of a PSAMP Information Element . . . . . . . . . . 9
6. Type Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7. Overloading Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8. The PSAMP Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1. PSAMP Usage of IPFIX Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2. Additional PSAMP Information Elements . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2.1. selectionSequenceId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2.2. selectorId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2.3. informationElementId . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.2.4. selectorAlgorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
8.2.5. samplingPacketInterval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.2.6. samplingPacketSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
8.2.7. samplingTimeInterval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.2.8. samplingTimeSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
8.2.9. samplingSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.2.10. samplingPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
8.2.11. samplingProbability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.12. dataLinkFrameSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.13. ipHeaderPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
8.2.14. ipPayloadPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
8.2.15. dataLinkFrameSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.2.16. mplsLabelStackSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
8.2.17. mplsPayloadPacketSection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
8.2.18. SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.19. SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.20. fixedError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8.2.21. relativeError . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.22. observationTimeSeconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
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8.2.23. observationTimeMilliseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
8.2.24. observationTimeMicroseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.25. observationTimeNanoseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.2.26. digestHashValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.27. hashIPPayloadOffset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.28. hashIPPayloadSize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8.2.29. hashOutputRangeMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.2.30. hashOutputRangeMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.2.31. hashSelectedRangeMin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8.2.32. hashSelectedRangeMax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.2.33. hashDigestOutput . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.2.34. hashInitialiserValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
9. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
10. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.1. Related Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
10.2. PSAMP Related Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
11. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
11.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Appendix A. Formal Specification of PSAMP Information Elements . 32
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 48
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1. Introduction
Packet Sampling techniques are required for various measurement
scenarios. The Packet Sampling (PSAMP) protocol provides mechanisms
for packet selection using different Filtering and Sampling
techniques. A standardized way for the export and storage is
required. The definition of the PSAMP information and data model is
based on the IPFIX Information Model [RFC5102]. The PSAMP protocol
document [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol] specifies how to use the IPFIX
protocol in the PSAMP context.
This document examines the IPFIX Information Model [RFC5102] and
extends it to meet the PSAMP requirements. Therefore, the structure
of this document is strongly based on the IPFIX document. It
complements the PSAMP protocol specification by providing an
appropriate PSAMP information model. The main part of this document,
section 8, defines the list of Information Elements to be transmitted
by the PSAMP protocol. Sections 5 and 6 describe the data types and
Information Element properties used within this document and their
relationship to the IPFIX information model.
The main body of section 8 was generated from an XML document. The
XML-based specification of the PSAMP Information Elements can be used
for automatically checking syntactical correctness of the
specification. Furthermore it can be used - in combination with the
IPFIX information model - for automated code generation. The
resulting code can be used in PSAMP protocol implementations to deal
with processing PSAMP information elements.
For that reason, the XML document that served as the source for
section 8 is attached to this document in Appendix A.
Note that although partially generated from the attached XML
documents, the main body of this document is normative while the
appendices are informational.
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2. PSAMP Documents Overview
[I-D.ietf-psamp-framework]: "A Framework for Packet Selection and
Reporting", describes the PSAMP framework for network elements to
select subsets of packets by statistical and other methods, and to
export a stream of reports on the selected packets to a collector.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech]: "Sampling and Filtering Techniques for
IP Packet Selection", describes the set of packet selection
techniques supported by PSAMP.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]: "Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol
Specifications" specifies the export of packet information from a
PSAMP Exporting Process to a PSAMP Collecting Process.
This document, "Information Model for Packet Sampling Exports",
defines an information and data model for PSAMP.
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3. Terminology
IPFIX-specific terminology used in this document is defined in
Section 2 of [RFC5101]. PSAMP-specific terminology used in this
documnet is defined in Section 3.2 of [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]. As
in [RFC5101] and [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol], these IPFIX- and PSAMP-
specific terms have the first letter of a word capitalized when used
in this document.
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4. Relationship between PSAMP and IPFIX
As described in the PSAMP protocol [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol] a PSAMP
Report can be seen as a very special IPFIX Data Record. It
represents an IPFIX Flow containing only a single packet. Therefore,
the IPFIX information model can be used as a basis for PSAMP Reports.
Nevertheless, there are properties required in PSAMP Reports which
cannot be modelled using the current IPFIX information model. This
document describes extensions to the IPFIX information model which
allow the modelling of information and data required by PSAMP.
Some of these extensions allow the export of what may be considered
sensitive information. Refer to the Security Considerations section
for a fuller discussion.
Note that the export of sampled or filtered PSAMP Reports may not
need all the Information Elements defined by the IPFIX information
model [RFC5102], as discussed in sections 6.2 and 6.3 of the PSAMP
Framework [I-D.ietf-psamp-framework].
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5. Properties of a PSAMP Information Element
The PSAMP Information Elements are defined in accordance with
sections 2.1 to 2.3 of the IPFIX Information Model [RFC5102] to which
reference should be made for more information. Nevertheless, we
strongly recommend defining the optional "units" property for every
information element (if applicable).
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6. Type Space
The PSAMP Information Elements MUST be constructed from the basic
abstract data types and data type semantics described in section 3 of
the IPFIX Information Model [RFC5102]. To ensure consistency between
IPFIX and PSAMP, the data types are not repeated in this document.
The encoding of these data types is described in the IPFIX Protocol
[RFC5101].
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7. Overloading Information Elements
Information Elements SHOULD NOT be overloaded with multiple meanings
or re-used for multiple purposes. Different Information Elements
SHOULD be allocated for each requirement.
In particular, special information SHALL be encoded in new
Information Elements as necessary, and SHALL NOT be encoded in the
selection method.
Although the presence of certain other Information Elements allows
the selection method to be inferred, a separate Information Element
is provided for the selectorAlgorithm to include as scope for the
Selector Report Interpretation [I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol].
Even if the Information Elements are specified with a specific
selection method (i.e. a specific value of selectorAlgorithm) in
mind, these Information Elements are not restricted to the selection
method and MAY be used for different selection methods in the future.
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8. The PSAMP Information Elements
This section describes the Information Elements used by the PSAMP
protocol.
For each Information Element specified in section 8.2 below a unique
identifier is allocated in accordance with section 4 of the IPFIX
information model [RFC5102]. The assignments are controlled by IANA
as an extension of the IPFIX Information Model.
The Information Elements specified by the IPFIX information model
[RFC5102] are used by the PSAMP protocol where applicable. To avoid
inconsistencies between the IPFIX and the PSAMP information and data
models, only those Information Elements that are not already
described by the IPFIX information model are defined here.
8.1. PSAMP Usage of IPFIX Attributes
This section lists additional Information Elements that are needed in
the PSAMP context and introduces their usage.
List of additional PSAMP Information Elements:
+-----+--------------------------+-----+-------------------------------+
| ID | Name | ID | Name |
+-----+--------------------------+-----+-------------------------------+
| 301 | selectionSequenceId | 318 | SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved|
| 302 | selectorId | 319 | SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected|
| 303 | informationElementId | 320 | fixedError |
| 304 | selectorAlgorithm | 321 | relativeError |
| 305 | samplingPacketInterval | 322 | observationTimeSeconds |
| 306 | samplingPacketSpace | 323 | observationTimeMilliseconds |
| 307 | samplingTimeInterval | 324 | observationTimeMicroseconds |
| 308 | samplingTimeSpace | 325 | observationTimeNanoseconds |
| 309 | samplingSize | 326 | digestHashValue |
| 310 | samplingPopulation | 327 | hashIPPayloadOffset |
| 311 | samplingProbability | 328 | hashIPPayloadSize |
| 312 | dataLinkFrameSize | 329 | hashOutputRangeMin |
| 313 | ipHeaderPacketSection | 330 | hashOutputRangeMax |
| 314 | ipPayloadPacketSection | 331 | hashSelectedRangeMin |
| 315 | dataLinkFrameSection | 332 | hashSelectedRangeMax |
| 316 | mplsLabelStackSection | 333 | hashDigestOutput |
| 317 | mplsPayloadPacketSection | 334 | hashInitialiserValue |
+-----+--------------------------+-----+-------------------------------+
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8.2. Additional PSAMP Information Elements
8.2.1. selectionSequenceId
Description:
From all the packets observed at an Observation Point, a subset of
the packets is selected by a sequence of one or more Selectors.
The selectionSequenceId is a unique value per Observation Domain,
specifying the Observation Point and the sequence of Selectors
through which the packets are selected.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 301
Status: current
8.2.2. selectorId
Description:
The Selector ID is the unique ID identifying a Primitive Selector.
Each Primitive Selector must have a unique ID in the Observation
Domain.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 302
Status: current
8.2.3. informationElementId
Description:
This Information Element contains the ID of another Information
Element.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
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Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 303
Status: current
8.2.4. selectorAlgorithm
Description:
This Information Element specifies the Selector algorithm (e.g.,
Filtering, Sampling) that was used on a packet.
The following Selector algorithms are currently defined:
1 Systematic count-based Sampling
2 Systematic time-based Sampling
3 Random n-out-of-N Sampling
4 Uniform probabilistic Sampling
5 Property match Filtering
6 Hash based Filtering using BOB
7 Hash based Filtering using IPSX
8 Hash based Filtering using CRC
The parameters for most of these algorithms are defined in this
information model. Some parameters for these algorithms are not
covered by this information model since they very much depend on
the underlying hardware and/or PSAMP implementation.
New assignments for the PSAMP selection method will be
administered by IANA, on a First Come First Served basis
[RFC2434], subject to Expert Review [RFC2434]. The group of
experts must double check the Information Elements definitions
with already defined Information Elements for completeness,
accuracy and redundancy. Those experts will initially be drawn
from the Working Group Chairs and document editors of the IPFIX
and PSAMP Working Groups. The selectorAlgorithm registry is
maintained by IANA and can be updated as long as specifications of
the new method(s) and any new Information Elements are provided.
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Abstract Data Type: unsigned16
Data Type Semantics: identifier
ElementId: 304
Status: current
8.2.5. samplingPacketInterval
Description:
This Information Element specifies the number of packets that are
consecutively sampled. For example a value of 100 means that 100
consecutive packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic count-based Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 305
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.6. samplingPacketSpace
Description:
This Information Element specifies the number of packets between
two "samplingPacketInterval"s. A value of 100 means that the next
interval starts after 100 packets (which are not sampled) when the
current "samplingPacketInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic count-based Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
Data Type Semantics: quantity
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ElementId: 306
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.7. samplingTimeInterval
Description:
This Information Element specifies the time interval in
microseconds during which all arriving packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 307
Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.8. samplingTimeSpace
Description:
This Information Element specifies the time interval in
microseconds between two "samplingTimeInterval"s. A value of 100
means that the next interval starts after 100 microseconds (during
which no packets are sampled) when the current
"samplingTimeInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 308
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Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.9. samplingSize
Description:
This Information Element specifies the number of elements taken
from the parent Population for random Sampling algorithms.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a random n-out-of-N Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 309
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.10. samplingPopulation
Description:
This Information Element specifies the number of elements in the
parent Population for random Sampling algorithms.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a random n-out-of-N Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 310
Status: current
Units: packets
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8.2.11. samplingProbability
Description:
This Information Element specifies the probability that a packet
is sampled, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. The probability
is equal for every packet. A value of 0 means no packet was
sampled since the probability is 0.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe the
configuration of a uniform probabilistic Sampling Selector.
Abstract Data Type: float64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 311
Status: current
8.2.12. dataLinkFrameSize
Description:
This Information Element specifies the size of the sampled data
link frame, and SHOULD be checked before analysing higher layer
protocols.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
Abstract Data Type: unsigned32
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 312
Status: current
8.2.13. ipHeaderPacketSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP header of a
sampled packet.
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With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from the
IP payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security Considerations
section.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 313
Status: current
8.2.14. ipPayloadPacketSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP payload of a
sampled packet.
The IPv4 payload is that part of the packet which follows the IPv4
header and any options, which [RFC0791] refers to as "data" or
"data octets". e.g., see the examples in [RFC0791] APPENDIX A.
The IPv6 payload is the rest of the packet following the 40 octet
IPv6 header. Note that any extension headers present are
considered part of the payload. See [RFC2460] for the IPv6
specification.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
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Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 314
Status: current
8.2.15. dataLinkFrameSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the data link frame of a sampled
packet.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 315
Status: current
8.2.16. mplsLabelStackSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS label stack of a sampled
packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from the
MPLS payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security
Considerations section.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
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See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 316
Status: current
8.2.17. mplsPayloadPacketSection
Description:
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS payload of a sampled
packet, being data that follows immediately after the MPLS label
stack.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
Abstract Data Type: octetArray
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 317
Status: current
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8.2.18. SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved
Description:
This Information Element specifies the total number of packets
observed by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: totalCounter
ElementId: 318
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.19. SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected
Description:
This Information Element specifies the total number of packets
selected by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: totalCounter
ElementId: 319
Status: current
Units: packets
8.2.20. fixedError
Description:
This Information Element specifies the maximum possible positive
or negative error interval of the reported value for a given
Information Element.
Abstract Data Type: float64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
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ElementId: 320
Status: current
Units: The units of the Information Element for which the error is
specified.
8.2.21. relativeError
Description:
This Information Element specifies the maximum possible positive
or negative error ratio for a given Information Element.
Abstract Data Type: float64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 321
Status: current
8.2.22. observationTimeSeconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in seconds of
an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeSeconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 322
Status: current
Units: seconds
8.2.23. observationTimeMilliseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
milliseconds of an observation.
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Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMilliseconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 323
Status: current
Units: milliseconds
8.2.24. observationTimeMicroseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
microseconds of an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeMicroseconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 324
Status: current
Units: microseconds
8.2.25. observationTimeNanoseconds
Description:
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
nanoseconds of an observation.
Abstract Data Type: dateTimeNanoseconds
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 325
Status: current
Units: nanoseconds
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8.2.26. digestHashValue
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value from the digest hash
function.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 326
Status: current
8.2.27. hashIPPayloadOffset
Description:
This Information Element specifies the IP payload offset used by a
hash based Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 327
Status: current
8.2.28. hashIPPayloadSize
Description:
This Information Element specifies the IP payload size used by a
hash based Selector.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 328
Status: current
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 25]
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8.2.29. hashOutputRangeMin
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value for the beginning of
a hash function's potential output range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 329
Status: current
8.2.30. hashOutputRangeMax
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value for the end of a hash
function's potential output range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 330
Status: current
8.2.31. hashSelectedRangeMin
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value for the beginning of
a hash function's selected range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 331
Status: current
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 26]
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8.2.32. hashSelectedRangeMax
Description:
This Information Element specifies the value for the end of a hash
function's selected range.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 332
Status: current
8.2.33. hashDigestOutput
Description:
This Information Element contains a boolean value which is TRUE if
the output from this hash Selector has been configured to be
included in the packet report as a packet digest, else FALSE.
Abstract Data Type: boolean
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 333
Status: current
8.2.34. hashInitialiserValue
Description:
This Information Element specifies the initialiser value to the
hash function.
Abstract Data Type: unsigned64
Data Type Semantics: quantity
ElementId: 334
Status: current
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 27]
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9. Security Considerations
The PSAMP information model itself does not directly introduce
security issues. Rather it defines a set of attributes which may for
privacy or business issues be considered sensitive information.
Specifically, the Information Elements pertaining to packet sections
MUST target no more than the packet header, some subsequent bytes of
the packet, and encapsulating headers if present. Full packet
capture of arbitrary packet streams is explicitly out of scope, per
[RFC2804].
The underlying protocol used to exchange the information described
here must therefore apply appropriate procedures to guarantee the
integrity and confidentiality of the exported information. As IPFIX
has been selected as the PSAMP export protocol and as the PSAMP
securtiy requirements are not stricter than the IPFIX security
requirements, refer to the IPFIX Requirements [RFC3917], the IPFIX
Architecture [I-D.ietf-ipfix-architecture], and the IPFIX Protocol
[RFC5101].
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 28]
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10. IANA Considerations
The PSAMP Information Model, as set out in this document, has two
sets of assigned numbers. Considerations for assigning them are
discussed in this section, using the example policies as set out in
the "Guidelines for IANA Considerations" document [RFC2434]
10.1. Related Considerations
As the PSAMP protocol uses the IPFIX protocol, refer to the IANA
considerations section in [RFC5102] for the assignments of numbers
used in the protocol and for the numbers used in the information
model.
10.2. PSAMP Related Considerations
This document specifies an initial set of PSAMP Information Elements
fulfilling the needs specified in [I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech], as an
extension to the IPFIX Information Elements [RFC5102].
Note that the PSAMP Information Element IDs were initially started at
the value 301, in order to leave a gap for any ongoing IPFIX work
requiring new Information Elements. It is expected that this gap in
the Information Element numbering will be filled in by IANA with new
IPFIX Information Elements.
Each new selection method MUST be assigned a unique value for the
selectorAlgorithm Information Element. Initial contents of this
registry are found section 8.2.4. Its configuration parameter(s),
along with the way to report it/them with an Options Template, MUST
be clearly specified.
New assignments for the PSAMP selection method will be administered
by IANA, on a First Come First Served basis [RFC2434], subject to
Expert Review [RFC2434]. The group of experts must double check the
Information Elements definitions with already defined Information
Elements for completeness, accuracy and redundancy. Those experts
will initially be drawn from the Working Group Chairs and document
editors of the IPFIX and PSAMP Working Groups. The selectorAlgorithm
registry is maintained by IANA and can be updated as long as
specifications of the new method(s) and any new Information Elements
are provided.
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 29]
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11. References
11.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC2434] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434,
October 1998.
[RFC5101] Claise, B., "Specification of the IP Flow Information
Export (IPFIX) Protocol for the Exchange of IP Traffic
Flow Information", RFC 5101, January 2008.
[RFC5102] Quittek, J., Bryant, S., Claise, B., Aitken, P., and J.
Meyer, "Information Model for IP Flow Information Export",
RFC 5102, January 2008.
[ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994]
International Organization for Standardization,
"Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection --
Basic Reference Model: The Basic Mode", ISO Standard 7498-
1:1994, June 1996.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-sample-tech]
Zseby, T., "Sampling and Filtering Techniques for IP
Packet Selection", draft-ietf-psamp-sample-tech-10 (work
in progress), June 2007.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-protocol]
Claise, B., "Packet Sampling (PSAMP) Protocol
Specifications", draft-ietf-psamp-protocol-09 (work in
progress), December 2007.
11.2. Informative References
[RFC0791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
September 1981.
[RFC2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC2629] Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
June 1999.
[RFC2804] IAB and IESG, "IETF Policy on Wiretapping", RFC 2804,
May 2000.
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 30]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model February 2008
[RFC3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001.
[RFC3032] Rosen, E., Tappan, D., Fedorkow, G., Rekhter, Y.,
Farinacci, D., Li, T., and A. Conta, "MPLS Label Stack
Encoding", RFC 3032, January 2001.
[RFC3917] Quittek, J., Zseby, T., Claise, B., and S. Zander,
"Requirements for IP Flow Information Export (IPFIX)",
RFC 3917, October 2004.
[I-D.ietf-ipfix-architecture]
Sadasivan, G., "Architecture for IP Flow Information
Export", draft-ietf-ipfix-architecture-12 (work in
progress), September 2006.
[I-D.ietf-psamp-framework]
Duffield, N., "A Framework for Packet Selection and
Reporting", draft-ietf-psamp-framework-12 (work in
progress), June 2007.
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 31]
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Appendix A. Formal Specification of PSAMP Information Elements
This appendix contains a formal description of the PSAMP information
model XML document. Note that this appendix is of informational
nature, while the text in section Section 8 generated from this
appendix is normative.
Using a formal and machine readable syntax for the information model
enables the creation of PSAMP aware tools which can automatically
adapt to extensions to the information model, by simply reading
updated information model specifications.
The wide availability of XML aware tools and libraries for client
devices is a primary consideration for this choice. In particular
libraries for parsing XML documents are readily available. Also
mechanisms such as the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) allow for
transforming a source XML document into other documents. This draft
was authored in XML and transformed according to [RFC2629].
It should be noted that the use of XML in exporters, collectors or
other tools is not mandatory for the deployment of PSAMP. In
particular, exporting processes do not produce or consume XML as part
of their operation. It is expected that PSAMP collectors MAY take
advantage of the machine readability of the information model vs.
hardcoding their behavior or inventing proprietary means for
accommodating extensions.
Using XML-based specifications does not currently address possible
IANA implications associated with XML Namespace URIs. The use of
Namespaces as an extension mechanism implies that an IANA registered
Namespace URI should be available and that directory names below this
base URI be assigned for relevant IETF specifications. The authors
are not aware of this mechanism today.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
This XML document is a product of the IETF IPFIX Working Group.
Contact information:
WG charter:
http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipfix-charter.html
Mailing Lists:
General Discussion: ipfix@ietf.org
To Subscribe: http://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ipfix
Archive:
http://www1.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/ipfix/current/index.html
Editor:
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 32]
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Thomas Dietz
NEC Europe Ltd.
NEC Laboratories Europe
Network Research Division
Kurfuersten-Anlage 36
69115 Heidelberg
Germany
Phone: +49 6221 4342-128
Email: Thomas.Dietz@nw.neclab.eu
Benoit Claise
Cisco Systems, Inc.
De Kleetlaan 6a b1
Degem 1813
Belgium
Phone: +32 2 704 5622
Email: bclaise@cisco.com
Paul Aitken
Cisco Systems, Inc.
96 Commercial Quay
Edinburgh EH6 6LX
Scotland
Phone: +44 131 561 3616
Email: paitken@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Dept. of Computer Sciences
Martensstr. 3
Erlangen 91058
Germany
Phone: +49 9131 85-27914
Email: dressler@informatik.uni-erlangen.de
URI: http://www7.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/~dressler
Georg Carle
University of Tuebingen
Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science
Auf der Morgenstelle 10C
Tuebingen 71076
Germany
Phone: +49 7071 29-70505
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 33]
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Email: carle@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
URI: http://net.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~carle/
Abstract:
This memo defines an information model for the Packet Sampling
(PSAMP) protocol. It is used by the PSAMP protocol for encoding
sampled packet data and information related to the Sampling process.
As the PSAMP protocol is based on the IPFIX protocol, this
information model is an extension to the IPFIX information model.
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2007). This version of the XML
document is part of RFC yyyy; see the RFC itself for full legal
notices.
-->
<fieldDefinitions xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ipfix-info"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:ipfix-info
ipfix-info.xsd">
<field name="selectionSequenceId" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier" elementId="301" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
From all the packets observed at an Observation Point, a subset
of the packets is selected by a sequence of one or more
Selectors. The selectionSequenceId is a unique value per
Observation Domain, specifying the Observation Point and the
sequence of Selectors through which the packets are selected.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="selectorId" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier" elementId="302" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
The Selector ID is the unique ID identifying a Primitive
Selector. Each Primitive Selector must have a unique ID in the
Observation Domain.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="informationElementId" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier" elementId="303" status="current"
group="common">
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<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element contains the ID of another Information
Element.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="selectorAlgorithm" dataType="unsigned16"
dataTypeSemantics="identifier" elementId="304" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the Selector algorithm (e.g.,
Filtering, Sampling) that was used on a packet.
The following Selector algorithms are currently defined:
1 Systematic count-based Sampling
2 Systematic time-based Sampling
3 Random n-out-of-N Sampling
4 Uniform probabilistic Sampling
5 Property match Filtering
6 Hash based Filtering using BOB
7 Hash based Filtering using IPSX
8 Hash based Filtering using CRC
The parameters for most of these algorithms are defined in this
information model. Some parameters for these algorithms are not
covered by this information model since they very much depend on
the underlying hardware and/or PSAMP implementation.
New assignments for the PSAMP selection method will be
administered by IANA, on a First Come First Served basis
[RFC2434], subject to Expert Review [RFC2434]. The group of
experts must double check the Information Elements definitions
with already defined Information Elements for completeness,
accuracy and redundancy. Those experts will initially be drawn
from the Working Group Chairs and document editors of the IPFIX
and PSAMP Working Groups. The selectorAlgorithm registry is
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 35]
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maintained by IANA and can be updated as long as specifications
of the new method(s) and any new Information Elements are
provided.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="samplingPacketInterval" dataType="unsigned32"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="305" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the number of packets that
are consecutively sampled. For example a value of 100 means that
100 consecutive packets are sampled.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a systematic count-based Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingPacketSpace" dataType="unsigned32"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="306" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the number of packets between
two "samplingPacketInterval"s. A value of 100 means that the
next interval starts after 100 packets (which are not sampled)
when the current "samplingPacketInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a systematic count-based Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingTimeInterval" dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="307" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the time interval in
microseconds during which all arriving packets are sampled.
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 36]
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For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a systematic time-based Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingTimeSpace" dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="308" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the time interval in
microseconds between two "samplingTimeInterval"s. A value of 100
means that the next interval starts after 100 microseconds
(during which no packets are sampled) when the current
"samplingTimeInterval" is over.
For example, this Information Element may used to describe the
configuration of a systematic time-based Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingSize" dataType="unsigned32"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="309" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the number of elements taken
from the parent Population for random Sampling algorithms.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a random n-out-of-N Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingPopulation" dataType="unsigned32"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="310" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the number of elements in the
parent Population for random Sampling algorithms.
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 37]
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For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a random n-out-of-N Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="samplingProbability" dataType="float64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="311" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the probability that a packet
is sampled, expressed as a value between 0 and 1. The
probability is equal for every packet. A value of 0 means no
packet was sampled since the probability is 0.
For example, this Information Element may be used to describe
the configuration of a uniform probabilistic Sampling Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="dataLinkFrameSize" dataType="unsigned32"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="312" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the size of the sampled data
link frame, and SHOULD be checked before analysing higher layer
protocols.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="ipHeaderPacketSection" dataType="octetArray"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="313" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP header of a
sampled packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from
the IP payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 38]
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Considerations section.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="ipPayloadPacketSection" dataType="octetArray"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="314" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries a series of octets from the start of the IP payload of a
sampled packet.
The IPv4 payload is that part of the packet which follows the
IPv4 header and any options, which [RFC0791] refers to as "data"
or "data octets". e.g., see the examples in [RFC0791] APPENDIX
A.
The IPv6 payload is the rest of the packet following the 40
octet IPv6 header. Note that any extension headers present are
considered part of the payload. See [RFC2460] for the IPv6
specification.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="dataLinkFrameSection" dataType="octetArray"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="315" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the data link frame of a sampled
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 39]
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packet.
The data link layer is defined in [ISO_IEC.7498-1_1994].
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="mplsLabelStackSection" dataType="octetArray"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="316" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS label stack of a
sampled packet.
With sufficient length, this element also reports octets from
the MPLS payload, subject to [RFC2804]. See the Security
Considerations section.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="mplsPayloadPacketSection" dataType="octetArray"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="317" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element, which may have a variable length,
carries the first n octets from the MPLS payload of a sampled
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packet, being data that follows immediately after the MPLS label
stack.
See [RFC3031] for the specification of MPLS packets.
See [RFC3032] for the specification of the MPLS label stack.
The size of the exported section may be constrained due to
limitations in the IPFIX protocol.
The data for this field MUST NOT be padded. If insufficient
octets are available for the length specified in the Template,
then a new Template MUST be used.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="SelectorIdTotalPacketsObserved" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="totalCounter" elementId="318" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the total number of packets
observed by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="SelectorIdTotalPacketsSelected" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="totalCounter" elementId="319" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the total number of packets
selected by a Selector, for a specific value of SelectorId.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>packets</units>
</field>
<field name="fixedError" dataType="float64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="320" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the maximum possible positive
or negative error interval of the reported value for a given
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 41]
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Information Element.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>
The units of the Information Element for which the error is
specified.
</units>
</field>
<field name="relativeError" dataType="float64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="321" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the maximum possible positive
or negative error ratio for a given Information Element.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeSeconds" dataType="dateTimeSeconds"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="322" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in seconds
of an observation.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>seconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeMilliseconds"
dataType="dateTimeMilliseconds" dataTypeSemantics="quantity"
elementId="323" status="current" group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
milliseconds of an observation.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>milliseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeMicroseconds"
dataType="dateTimeMicroseconds" dataTypeSemantics="quantity"
elementId="324" status="current" group="common">
<description>
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<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
microseconds of an observation.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>microseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="observationTimeNanoseconds"
dataType="dateTimeNanoseconds" dataTypeSemantics="quantity"
elementId="325" status="current" group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the absolute time in
nanoseconds of an observation.
</paragraph>
</description>
<units>nanoseconds</units>
</field>
<field name="digestHashValue" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="326" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the value from the digest
hash function.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashIPPayloadOffset" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="327" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the IP payload offset used by
a hash based Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashIPPayloadSize" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="328" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the IP payload size used by a
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 43]
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hash based Selector.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashOutputRangeMin" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="329" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the value for the beginning
of a hash function's potential output range.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashOutputRangeMax" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="330" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the value for the end of a
hash function's potential output range.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashSelectedRangeMin" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="331" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the value for the beginning
of a hash function's selected range.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashSelectedRangeMax" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="332" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the value for the end of a
hash function's selected range.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 44]
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<field name="hashDigestOutput" dataType="boolean"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="333" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element contains a boolean value which is TRUE
if the output from this hash Selector has been configured to be
included in the packet report as a packet digest, else FALSE.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
<field name="hashInitialiserValue" dataType="unsigned64"
dataTypeSemantics="quantity" elementId="334" status="current"
group="common">
<description>
<paragraph>
This Information Element specifies the initialiser value to the
hash function.
</paragraph>
</description>
</field>
</fieldDefinitions>
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 45]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model February 2008
Authors' Addresses
Thomas Dietz
NEC Europe Ltd.
NEC Laboratories Europe
Network Research Division
Kurfuersten-Anlage 36
Heidelberg 69115
Germany
Phone: +49 6221 4342-128
Email: Thomas.Dietz@nw.neclab.eu
URI: http://www.nw.neclab.eu/
Benoit Claise
Cisco Systems, Inc.
De Kleetlaan 6a b1
Degem 1813
Belgium
Phone: +32 2 704 5622
Email: bclaise@cisco.com
Paul Aitken
Cisco Systems, Inc.
96 Commercial Quay
Edinburgh EH6 6LX
Scotland
Phone: +44 131 561 3616
Email: paitken@cisco.com
URI: http://www.cisco.com/
Falko Dressler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Dept. of Computer Sciences
Martensstr. 3
Erlangen 91058
Germany
Phone: +49 9131 85-27914
Email: dressler@informatik.uni-erlangen.de
URI: http://www7.informatik.uni-erlangen.de/~dressler
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 46]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model February 2008
Georg Carle
University of Tuebingen
Wilhelm-Schickard-Institute for Computer Science
Auf der Morgenstelle 10C
Tuebingen 71076
Germany
Phone: +49 7071 29-70505
Email: carle@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
URI: http://net.informatik.uni-tuebingen.de/~carle/
Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 47]
Internet-Draft PSAMP Information Model February 2008
Full Copyright Statement
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Dietz, et al. draft-ietf-psamp-info-08.txt [Page 48]
