Internet Engineering Task Force Nevil Brownlee
INTERNET-DRAFT The University of Auckland
April 1999
Expires October 1999
Traffic Flow Measurement: Meter MIB
<draft-ietf-rtfm-meter-mib-07.txt>
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all
provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups
may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material
or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
This Internet Draft is a product of the Realtime Traffic Flow
Measurement Working Group of the IETF.
Abstract
A 'Traffic Meter' collects data relating to traffic flows within a
network. This document defines a Management Information Base (MIB) for
use in controlling a traffic meter, in particular for specifying the
flows to be measured. It also provides an efficient mechanism for
retrieving flow data from the meter using SNMP. Security issues
concerning the operation of traffic meters are summarised.
INTERNET-DRAFT Traffic Flow Measurement: Meter MIB April 1999
Contents
1 Introduction 2
2 The Network Management Framework 3
3 Objects 3
3.1 Format of Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4 Overview 4
4.1 Scope of Definitions, Textual Conventions . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Usage of the MIB variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5 Definitions 7
6 Security Considerations 45
6.1 SNMP Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.2 Traffic Meter Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7 IANA Considerations 47
8 Appendix A: Changes Introduced Since RFC 2064 47
9 Acknowledgements 48
10 References 49
11 Author's Address 50
1 Introduction
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for
use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In
particular, it describes objects for managing and collecting data from
network Realtime Traffic Flow Meters, as described in [1].
The MIB is 'basic' in the sense that it provides more than enough
information for everyday traffic measurment. Furthermore, it can be
easily extended by adding new attributes as required. The RTFM Working
group is actively pursuing the development of the meter in this way.
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2 The Network Management Framework
The Internet-standard Network Management Framework consists of three
components. They are:
RFC 1155 defines the SMI, the mechanisms used for describing
and naming objects for the purpose of management. RFC 1212
defines a more concise description mechanism, which is wholly
consistent with the SMI.
RFC 1156 defines MIB-I, the core set of managed objects for the
Internet suite of protocols. RFC 1213 [2] defines MIB-II, an
evolution of MIB-I based on implementation experience and new
operational requirements.
RFC 1157 defines the SNMP, the protocol used for network access
to managed objects.
RFC 1902 [3] defines the SMI for version 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol.
RFCs 1903 and 1904 [4,5] define Textual Conventions and
Conformance Statements for version 2 of the Simple Network
Management Protocol.
RFC 1908 [6] describes how versions 1 and 2 of the Simple
Network Management Protocol should coexist.
The Framework permits new objects to be defined for the purpose of
experimentation and evaluation.
3 Objects
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the
Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using
the subset of Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) [7] defined in the
SMI. In particular, each object has a name, a syntax, and an encoding.
The name is an object identifier, an administratively assigned name,
which specifies an object type. The object type together with an object
instance serves to uniquely identify a specific instantiation of the
object. For human convenience, we often use a textual string, termed
the OBJECT DESCRIPTOR, to also refer to the object type.
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The syntax of an object type defines the abstract data structure
corresponding to that object type. The ASN.1 language is used for this
purpose. However, the SMI [3] purposely restricts the ASN.1 constructs
which may be used. These restrictions are explicitly made for
simplicity.
The encoding of an object type is simply how that object type is
represented using the object type's syntax. Implicitly tied to the
notion of an object type's syntax and encoding is how the object type is
represented when being transmitted on the network.
The SMI specifies the use of the basic encoding rules of ASN.1 [8],
subject to the additional requirements imposed by the SNMP.
3.1 Format of Definitions
Section 4 contains the specification of all object types contained in
this MIB module. These object types are specified using the conventions
defined in [3] and [4].
4 Overview
Traffic Flow Measurement seeks to provide a well-defined method for
gathering traffic flow information from networks and internetworks. The
background for this is given in "Traffic Flow Measurement: Background"
[9]. The Realtime Traffic Flow Measurement (rtfm) Working Group has
produced a measurement architecture to achieve this goal; this is
documented in "Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture" [1]. The
architecture defines three entities:
- METERS, which observe network traffic flows and build up a table of
flow data records for them,
- METER READERS, which collect traffic flow data from meters, and
- MANAGERS, which oversee the operation of meters and meter readers.
This memo defines the SNMP management information for a Traffic Flow
Meter (TFM). Work in this field was begun by the Internet Accounting
Working Group. It has been further developed and expanded by the
Realtime Traffic Flow Measurement Working Group.
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4.1 Scope of Definitions, Textual Conventions
All objects defined in this memo are registered in a single subtree
within the mib-2 namespace [2,3], and are for use in network devices
which may perform a PDU forwarding or monitoring function. For these
devices, the value of the ifSpecific variable in the MIB-II [2] has the
OBJECT IDENTIFIER value:
flowMIB OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= mib-2 40
as defined below.
The RTFM Meter MIB was first produced and tested using SNMPv1. It was
converted into SNMPv2 following the guidelines in RFC 1908 [6].
4.2 Usage of the MIB variables
The MIB is organised in four parts - control, data, rules and
conformance statements.
The rules implement the set of packet-matching actions, as described in
the "Traffic Flow Measurment: Architecture" document [1]. In addition
they provide for BASIC-style subroutines, allowing a network manager to
dramatically reduce the number of rules required to monitor a large
network.
Traffic flows are identified by a set of attributes for each of their
end-points. Attributes include network addresses for each layer of the
network protocol stack, and 'subscriber ids,' which may be used to
identify an accountable entity for the flow.
The conformance statements are set out as defined in [5]. They explain
what must be implemented in a meter which claims to conform to this MIB.
To retrieve flow data one could simply do a linear scan of the flow
table. This would certainly work, but would require a lot of protocol
exchanges. To reduce the overhead in retrieving flow data the flow
table uses a TimeFilter variable, defined as a Textual Convention in the
RMON2 MIB [10].
As an alternative method of reading flow data, the MIB provides a view
of the flow table called the flowDataPackageTable. This is (logically)
a four-dimensional array, subscripted by package selector, ruleset,
activity time and starting flow number. The package selector is a
sequence of bytes which specifies a list of flow attributes.
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A data package (as returned by the meter) is a sequence of values for
the attributes specified in its selector, encoded using the Basic
Encoding Rules [8]. It allows a meter reader to retrieve all the
attribute values it requires in a single MIB object. This, when used
together with SNMPv2's GetBulk request, allows a meter reader to scan
the flow table and upload a specified set of attribute values for flows
which have changed since the last reading, and which were created by a
specified rule set.
One aspect of data collection which needs emphasis is that all the MIB
variables are set up to allow multiple independent meter readers to work
properly, i.e. the flow table indexes are stateless. An alternative
approach would have been to 'snapshot' the flow table, which would mean
that the meter readers would have to be synchronized. The stateless
approach does mean that two meter readers will never return exactly the
same set of traffic counts, but over long periods (e.g. 15-minute
collections over a day) the discrepancies are acceptable. If one really
needs a snapshot, this can be achieved by switching to an identical rule
set with a different RuleSet number, hence asynchronous collections may
be regarded as a useful generalisation of synchronised ones.
The control variables are the minimum set required for a meter reader.
Their number has been whittled down as experience has been gained with
the MIB implementation. A few of them are 'general,' i.e. they control
the overall behaviour of the meter. These are set by a single 'master'
manager, and no other manager should attempt to change their values.
The decision as to which manager is the 'master' must be made by the
network operations personnel responsible; this MIB does not attempt to
define any interaction between managers.
There are three other groups of control variables, arranged into tables
in the same way as in the RMON2 MIB [10]. They are used as follows:
- RULE SET INFO: Before attempting to download a RuleSet, a manager
must create a row in the flowRuleSetInfoTable and set its
flowRuleInfoSize to a value large enough to hold the RuleSet. When
the rule set is ready the manager must set flowRuleInfoRulesReady
to 'true,' indicating that the rule set is ready for use (but not
yet 'running').
- METER READER INFO: Any meter reader wishing to collect data
reliably for all flows from a RuleSet should first create a row in
the flowReaderInfoTable with flowReaderRuleSet set to that
RuleSet's index in the flowRuleSetInfoTable. It should write that
row's flowReaderLastTime object each time it starts a collection
pass through the flow table. The meter will not recover a flow's
memory until every meter reader holding a row for that flow's
RuleSet has collected the flow's data.
- MANAGER INFO: Any manager wishing to run a RuleSet in the meter
must create a row in the flowManagerInfo table, specifying the
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desired RuleSet to run and its corresponding 'standby' Ruleset (if
one is desired). A current RuleSet is 'running' if its
flowManagerRunningStandby value is false(2), similarly a standby
RuleSet is 'running' if flowManagerRunningStandby is true(1).
Times within the meter are in terms of its Uptime, i.e. centiseconds
since the meter started. For meters implemented as self-contained SNMP
agents this will be the same as sysUptime, but this may not be true for
meters implemented as subagents. Managers can read the meter's Uptime
when neccessary (e.g. to set a TimeFilter value) by setting
flowReaderLastTime, then reading its new value.
5 Definitions
FLOW-METER-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
IMPORTS
MODULE-IDENTITY, OBJECT-TYPE, Counter32, Counter64, Integer32
FROM SNMPv2-SMI
TEXTUAL-CONVENTION, RowStatus, TimeStamp, TruthValue
FROM SNMPv2-TC
OBJECT-GROUP, MODULE-COMPLIANCE
FROM SNMPv2-CONF
mib-2, ifIndex
FROM RFC1213-MIB
OwnerString
FROM RMON-MIB
TimeFilter
FROM RMON2-MIB;
flowMIB MODULE-IDENTITY
LAST-UPDATED "9904061529Z"
ORGANIZATION "IETF Realtime Traffic Flow Measurement Working Group"
CONTACT-INFO
"Nevil Brownlee, The University of Auckland
Postal: Information Technology Sytems & Services
The University of Auckland
Private Bag 92-019
Auckland, New Zealand
Phone: +64 9 373 7599 x8941
E-mail: n.brownlee@auckland.ac.nz"
DESCRIPTION
"MIB for the RTFM Traffic Flow Meter."
REVISION "9712230937Z"
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DESCRIPTION
"Two further variables deprecated:
- flowRuleInfoRulesReady (use flowRuleInfoStatus intead)
- flowDataStatus (contains no useful information)"
REVISION "9707071715Z"
DESCRIPTION
"Significant changes since RFC 2064 include:
- flowDataPackageTable added
- flowColumnActivityTable deprecated
- flowManagerCounterWrap deprecated"
REVISION "9603080208Z"
DESCRIPTION
"Initial version of this MIB (RFC 2064)"
::= { mib-2 40 }
flowControl OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIB 1 }
flowData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIB 2 }
flowRules OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIB 3 }
flowMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIB 4 }
-- Textual Conventions
MediumType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the type of a MediumAddress (see below). The
values used for IEEE 802 media are from the 'Network
Management Parameters (ifType definitions)' section of the
Assigned Numbers RFC [11]. Other medium types may also
be used, provided only that they are identified by their
assigned numbers."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
ethernet(7),
tokenring(9),
fddi(15) }
MediumAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the value of a Medium Access Control (MAC) address.
Address format depends on the actual Medium, as follows:
Ethernet: ethernet(7)
6-octet 802.3 MAC address in 'canonical' order
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Token Ring: tokenring(9)
6-octet 802.5 MAC address in 'canonical' order
FDDI: fddi(15)
FddiMACLongAddress, i.e. a 6-octet MAC address
in 'canonical' order (defined in the FDDI MIB [12])
"
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (6..20))
PeerType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the type of a PeerAddress (see below). The values
used are from the 'Address Family Numbers' section of the
Assigned Numbers RFC [11]. Peer types from other address
types may also be used, provided only that they are identified
by their assigned numbers."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
ipv4(1),
ipv6(2),
nsap(3),
ipx(11),
appletalk(12),
decnet(13) }
PeerAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the value of a peer address for various network
protocols. Address format depends on the actual protocol,
as indicated below:
IPv4: ipv4(1)
4-octet IpAddress (defined in the SNMPv2 SMI [3])
IPv6: ipv6(2)
16-octet IpAddress (defined in the
IPv6 Addressing RFC [13])
CLNS: nsap(3)
NsapAddress (defined in the SNMPv2 SMI [3])
Novell: ipx(11)
4-octet Network number,
6-octet Host number (MAC address)
AppleTalk: appletalk(12)
2-octet Network number (sixteen bits),
1-octet Host number (eight bits)
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DECnet: decnet(13)
1-octet Area number (in low-order six bits),
2-octet Host number (in low-order ten bits)
"
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (3..20))
AdjacentType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the type of an adjacent address.
Is a superset of MediumType and PeerType."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
ip(1),
nsap(3),
ethernet(7),
tokenring(9),
ipx(11),
appletalk(12),
decnet(13),
fddi(15) }
AdjacentAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the value of an adjacent address.
Is a superset of MediumAddress and PeerAddress."
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (3..20))
TransportType ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the type of a TransportAddress (see below). Values
will depend on the actual protocol; for IP they will be those
given in the 'Protocol Numbers' section of the Assigned Numbers
RFC [11], including icmp(1), tcp(6) and udp(17)."
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
TransportAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the value of a transport address for various
network protocols. Format as follows:
IP:
2-octet UDP or TCP port number
Other protocols:
2-octet port number
"
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (2))
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RuleAddress ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the value of an address. Is a superset of
MediumAddress, PeerAddress and TransportAddress."
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (2..20))
FlowAttributeNumber ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Uniquely identifies an attribute within a flow data record."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
flowIndex(1),
flowStatus(2),
flowTimeMark(3),
sourceInterface(4),
sourceAdjacentType(5),
sourceAdjacentAddress(6),
sourceAdjacentMask(7),
sourcePeerType(8),
sourcePeerAddress(9),
sourcePeerMask(10),
sourceTransType(11),
sourceTransAddress(12),
sourceTransMask(13),
destInterface(14),
destAdjacentType(15),
destAdjacentAddress(16),
destAdjacentMask(17),
destPeerType(18),
destPeerAddress(19),
destPeerMask(20),
destTransType(21),
destTransAddress(22),
destTransMask(23),
pduScale(24),
octetScale(25),
ruleSet(26),
toOctets(27), -- Source-to-Dest
toPDUs(28),
fromOctets(29), -- Dest-to-Source
fromPDUs(30),
firstTime(31), -- Activity times
lastActiveTime(32),
sourceSubscriberID(33), -- Subscriber ID
destSubscriberID(34),
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sessionID(35),
sourceClass(36), -- Computed attributes
destClass(37),
flowClass(38),
sourceKind(39),
destKind(40),
flowKind(41) }
RuleAttributeNumber ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Uniquely identifies an attribute which may be tested in
a rule. These include attributes whose values come directly
from (or are computed from) the flow's packets, and the five
'meter' variables used to hold an Attribute Number."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
null(0),
sourceInterface(4), -- Source Address
sourceAdjacentType(5),
sourceAdjacentAddress(6),
sourcePeerType(8),
sourcePeerAddress(9),
sourceTransType(11),
sourceTransAddress(12),
destInterface(14), -- Dest Address
destAdjacentType(15),
destAdjacentAddress(16),
destPeerType(18),
destPeerAddress(19),
destTransType(21),
destTransAddress(22),
sourceSubscriberID(33), -- Subscriber ID
destSubscriberID(34),
sessionID(35),
sourceClass(36), -- Computed attributes
destClass(37),
flowClass(38),
sourceKind(39),
destKind(40),
flowKind(41),
matchingStoD(50), -- Packet matching
v1(51), -- Meter variables
v2(52),
v3(53),
v4(54),
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v5(55) }
ActionNumber ::= TEXTUAL-CONVENTION
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Uniquely identifies the action of a rule, i.e. the Pattern
Matching Engine's opcode number. Details of the opcodes
are given in the 'Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture'
document [1]."
SYNTAX INTEGER {
ignore(1),
noMatch(2),
count(3),
countPkt(4),
return(5),
gosub(6),
gosubAct(7),
assign(8),
assignAct(9),
goto(10),
gotoAct(11),
pushRuleTo(12),
pushRuleToAct(13),
pushPktTo(14),
pushPktToAct(15),
popTo(16),
popToAct(17) }
--
-- Control Group: Rule Set Info Table
--
flowRuleSetInfoTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowRuleSetInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An array of information about the rule sets held in the
meter.
Any manager may configure a new rule set for the meter by
creating a row in this table with status active(1), and setting
values for all the objects in its rules. At this stage the new
rule set is available but not 'running,' i.e. it is not being
used by the meter to produce entries in the flow table.
To actually 'run' a rule set a manager must create a row in
the flowManagerInfoTable, set it's flowManagerStatus to
active(1), and set either its CurrentRuleSet or StandbyRuleSet
to point to the rule set to be run.
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Once a rule set is running a manager may not change any of the
objects within the rule set itself. Any attempt to do so should
result in a notWritable(17) SNMP error-status for such objects.
A manager may stop a rule set running by removing all
references to it in the flowManagerInfoTable (i.e. by setting
CurrentRuleSet and StandbyRuleSet values to 0). This provides
a way to stop rule sets left running if a manager fails.
For example, when a manager is started, it could search the
meter's flowManager table and stop all rule sets having a
specified value of flowRuleInfoOwner.
To prevent a manager from interfering with variables belonging
to another manager, the meter should use SNMP views so as to
limit each manager's access to the meter's variables,
effectively dividing the single meter into several virtual
meters, one for each independent manager."
::= { flowControl 1 }
flowRuleSetInfoEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowRuleSetInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Information about a particular rule set."
INDEX { flowRuleInfoIndex }
::= { flowRuleSetInfoTable 1 }
FlowRuleSetInfoEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowRuleInfoIndex Integer32,
flowRuleInfoSize Integer32,
flowRuleInfoOwner OwnerString,
flowRuleInfoTimeStamp TimeStamp,
flowRuleInfoStatus RowStatus,
flowRuleInfoName OCTET STRING,
flowRuleInfoRulesReady TruthValue,
flowRuleInfoFlowRecords Integer32
}
flowRuleInfoIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index which selects an entry in the flowRuleSetInfoTable.
Each such entry contains control information for a particular
rule set which the meter may run."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 1 }
flowRuleInfoSize OBJECT-TYPE
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SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Number of rules in this rule set. Setting this variable will
cause the meter to allocate space for these rules."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 2 }
flowRuleInfoOwner OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OwnerString
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Identifies the manager which 'owns' this rule set. A manager
must set this variable when creating a row in this table."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 3 }
flowRuleInfoTimeStamp OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time this row's associated rule set was last changed."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 4 }
flowRuleInfoStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The status of this flowRuleSetInfoEntry. If this value is
not active(1) the meter must not attempt to use the row's
associated rule set. Once its value has been set to active(1)
a manager may not change any of the other variables in the
row, nor the contents of the associated rule set. Any attempt
to do so should result in a notWritable(17) SNMP error-status
for such variables or objects.
To download a rule set, a manger could:
- Locate an open slot in the RuleSetInfoTable.
- Create a RuleSetInfoEntry by setting the status for this
open slot to createAndWait(5).
- Set flowRuleInfoSize and flowRuleInfoName as required.
- Download the rules into the row's rule table.
- Set flowRuleInfoStatus to active(1).
The rule set would then be ready to run. The manager is not
allowed to change the value of flowRuleInfoStatus from
active(1) if the associated RuleSet is being referenced by any
of the entries in the flowManagerInfoTable.
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Setting RuleInfoStatus to destroy(6) destroys the associated
rule set together with any flow data collected by it."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 5 }
flowRuleInfoName OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An alphanumeric identifier used by managers and readers to
identify a rule set. For example, a manager wishing to run a
rule set named WWW-FLOWS could search the flowRuleSetInfoTable
to see whether the WWW-FLOWS rule set is already available on
the meter.
Note that references to rule sets in the flowManagerInfoTable
use indexes for their flowRuleSetInfoTable entries. These may
be different each time the rule set is loaded into a meter."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 6 }
flowRuleInfoRulesReady OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates whether the rules for this row's associated rule set
are ready for use. The meter will refuse to 'run' the rule set
unless this variable has been set to true(1).
While RulesReady is false(2), the manager may modify the rule
set, for example by downloading rules into it."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 7 }
flowRuleInfoFlowRecords OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of entries in the flow table for this rule set.
These may be current (waiting for collection by one or more
meter readers) or idle (waiting for the meter to recover
their memory)."
::= { flowRuleSetInfoEntry 8 }
--
-- Control Group: Interface Info Table
--
flowInterfaceTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowInterfaceEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
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DESCRIPTION
"An array of information specific to each meter interface."
::= { flowControl 2 }
flowInterfaceEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowInterfaceEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Information about a particular interface."
INDEX { ifIndex }
::= { flowInterfaceTable 1 }
FlowInterfaceEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowInterfaceSampleRate Integer32,
flowInterfaceLostPackets Counter32
}
flowInterfaceSampleRate OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The parameter N for statistical counting on this interface.
Set to N to count 1/Nth of the packets appearing at this
interface. A sampling rate of 1 counts all packets.
A sampling rate of 0 results in the interface being ignored
by the meter.
A meter should choose its own algorithm to introduce variance
into the sampling so that exactly every Nth packet is not
counted. The IPPM Working Group's RFC 'Framework for IP
Performance Metrics' [16] explains why this should be done,
and sets out an algorithm for doing it."
DEFVAL { 1 }
::= { flowInterfaceEntry 1 }
flowInterfaceLostPackets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of packets the meter has lost for this interface.
Such losses may occur because the meter has been unable to
keep up with the traffic volume."
::= { flowInterfaceEntry 2 }
--
-- Control Group: Meter Reader Info Table
--
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-- Any meter reader wishing to collect data reliably for flows
-- should first create a row in this table. It should write that
-- row's flowReaderLastTime object each time it starts a collection
-- pass through the flow table.
-- If a meter reader (MR) does not create a row in this table, e.g.
-- because it failed authentication in the meter's SNMP write
-- community, collection can still proceed but the meter will not be
-- aware of meter reader MR. This could lead the meter to recover
-- flows before they have been collected by MR.
flowReaderInfoTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowReaderInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An array of information about meter readers which have
registered their intent to collect flow data from this meter."
::= { flowControl 3 }
flowReaderInfoEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowReaderInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Information about a particular meter reader."
INDEX { flowReaderIndex }
::= { flowReaderInfoTable 1 }
FlowReaderInfoEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowReaderIndex Integer32,
flowReaderTimeout Integer32,
flowReaderOwner OwnerString,
flowReaderLastTime TimeStamp,
flowReaderPreviousTime TimeStamp,
flowReaderStatus RowStatus,
flowReaderRuleSet Integer32
}
flowReaderIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index which selects an entry in the flowReaderInfoTable."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 1 }
flowReaderTimeout OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
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DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the maximum time (in seconds) between flow data
collections for this meter reader. If this time elapses
without a collection, the meter should assume that this meter
reader has stopped collecting, and delete this row from the
table. A value of zero indicates that this row should not be
timed out."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 2 }
flowReaderOwner OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OwnerString
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Identifies the meter reader which created this row."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 3 }
flowReaderLastTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time this meter reader began its most recent data collection.
This variable should be written by a meter reader as its first
step in reading flow data. The meter will set this LastTime
value to its current Uptime, and set its PreviousTime value
(below) to the old LastTime. This allows the meter to
recover flows which have been inactive since PreviousTime,
for these have been collected at least once.
If the meter reader fails to write flowLastReadTime, collection
may still proceed but the meter may not be able to recover
inactive flows until the flowReaderTimeout has been reached
for this entry."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 4 }
flowReaderPreviousTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time this meter reader began the collection before last."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 5 }
flowReaderStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The status of this FlowReaderInfoEntry. A value of active(1)
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implies that the associated reader should be collecting data
from the meter. Once this variable has been set to active(1)
a manager may only change this row's flowReaderLastTime and
flowReaderTimeout variables."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 6 }
flowReaderRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index to the array of rule sets. Specifies a set of rules
of interest to this meter reader. The reader will attempt to
collect any data generated by the meter for this rule set, and
the meter will not recover the memory of any of the rule set's
flows until this collection has taken place. Note that a
reader may have entries in this table for several rule sets."
::= { flowReaderInfoEntry 7 }
--
-- Control Group: Manager Info Table
--
-- Any manager wishing to run a rule set must create a row in this
-- table. Once it has a table row, the manager may set the control
-- variables in its row so as to cause the meter to run any valid
-- rule set held by the meter.
-- A single manager may run several rule sets; it must create a row
-- in this table for each of them. In short, each row of this table
-- describes (and controls) a 'task' which the meter is executing.
flowManagerInfoTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowManagerInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An array of information about managers which have
registered their intent to run rule sets on this meter."
::= { flowControl 4 }
flowManagerInfoEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowManagerInfoEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Information about a particular meter 'task.' By creating
an entry in this table and activating it, a manager requests
that the meter 'run' the indicated rule set.
The entry also specifies a HighWaterMark and a StandbyRuleSet.
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If the meter's flow table usage exceeds this task's
HighWaterMark the meter will stop running the task's
CurrentRuleSet and switch to its StandbyRuleSet.
If the value of the task's StandbyRuleSet is 0 when its
HighWaterMark is exceeded, the meter simply stops running the
task's CurrentRuleSet. By careful selection of HighWaterMarks
for the various tasks a manager can ensure that the most
critical rule sets are the last to stop running as the number
of flows increases.
When a manager has determined that the demand for flow table
space has abated, it may cause the task to switch back to its
CurrentRuleSet by setting its flowManagerRunningStandby
variable to false(2)."
INDEX { flowManagerIndex }
::= { flowManagerInfoTable 1 }
FlowManagerInfoEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowManagerIndex Integer32,
flowManagerCurrentRuleSet Integer32,
flowManagerStandbyRuleSet Integer32,
flowManagerHighWaterMark Integer32,
flowManagerCounterWrap INTEGER,
flowManagerOwner OwnerString,
flowManagerTimeStamp TimeStamp,
flowManagerStatus RowStatus,
flowManagerRunningStandby TruthValue
}
flowManagerIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An index which selects an entry in the flowManagerInfoTable."
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 1 }
flowManagerCurrentRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index to the array of rule sets. Specifies which set of
rules is the 'current' one for this task. The meter will
be 'running' the current ruleset if this row's
flowManagerRunningStandby value is false(2).
When the manager sets this variable the meter will stop using
the task's old current rule set and start using the new one.
Specifying rule set 0 (the empty set) stops flow measurement
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for this task."
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 2 }
flowManagerStandbyRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index to the array of rule sets. After reaching HighWaterMark
(see below) the manager will switch to using the task's
StandbyRuleSet in place of its CurrentRuleSet. For this to be
effective the designated StandbyRuleSet should have a coarser
reporting granularity then the CurrentRuleSet. The manager may
also need to decrease the meter reading interval so that the
meter can recover flows measured by this task's CurrentRuleSet."
DEFVAL { 0 } -- No standby
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 3 }
flowManagerHighWaterMark OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..100)
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A value expressed as a percentage, interpreted by the meter
as an indication of how full the flow table should be before
it should switch to the standby rule set (if one has been
specified) for this task. Values of 0% or 100% disable the
checking represented by this variable."
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 4 }
flowManagerCounterWrap OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { wrap(1), scale(2) }
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies whether PDU and octet counters should wrap when
they reach the top of their range (normal behaviour for
Counter64 objects), or whether their scale factors should
be used instead. The combination of counter and scale
factor allows counts to be returned as non-negative binary
floating point numbers, with 64-bit mantissas and 8-bit
exponents."
DEFVAL { wrap }
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 5 }
flowManagerOwner OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OwnerString
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Identifies the manager which created this row."
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::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 6 }
flowManagerTimeStamp OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Time this row was last changed by its manager."
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 7 }
flowManagerStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RowStatus
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The status of this row in the flowManagerInfoTable. A value
of active(1) implies that this task may be activated, by
setting its CurrentRuleSet and StandbyRuleSet variables.
Its HighWaterMark and RunningStandby variables may also be
changed."
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 8 }
flowManagerRunningStandby OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-create
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Set to true(1) by the meter to indicate that it has switched
to runnning this task's StandbyRuleSet in place of its
CurrentRuleSet. To switch back to the CurrentRuleSet, the
manager may simply set this variable to false(2)."
DEFVAL { false }
::= { flowManagerInfoEntry 9 }
--
-- Control Group: General Meter Control Variables
--
flowFloodMark OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..100)
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A value expressed as a percentage, interpreted by the meter
as an indication of how full the flow table should be before
it should take some action to avoid running out of resources
to handle new flows, as discussed in section 4.6 (Handling
Increasing Traffic Levels) of the RTFM Architecture RFC [1].
Values of 0% or 100% disable the checking represented by
this variable."
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DEFVAL { 95 } -- Enabled by default.
::= { flowControl 5 }
flowInactivityTimeout OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time in seconds since the last packet seen, after which
a flow becomes 'idle.' Note that although a flow may be
idle, it will not be discarded (and its memory recovered)
until after its data has been collected by all the meter
readers registered for its RuleSet."
DEFVAL { 600 } -- 10 minutes
::= { flowControl 6 }
flowActiveFlows OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of flows which are currently in use."
::= { flowControl 7 }
flowMaxFlows OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The maximum number of flows allowed in the meter's
flow table. At present this is determined when the meter
is first started up."
::= { flowControl 8 }
flowFloodMode OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TruthValue
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates that the meter has passed its FloodMark and is
not running in its normal mode.
When the manager notices this it should take action to remedy
the problem which caused the flooding. It should them monitor
flowActiveFlows so as to determine when the flood has receded.
At that point the manager may set flowFloodMode to false(2) to
resume normal operation."
::= { flowControl 9 }
--
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-- The Flow Table
--
-- This is a table kept by a meter, with one flow data entry for every
-- flow being measured. Each flow data entry stores the attribute
-- values for a traffic flow. Details of flows and their attributes
-- are given in the 'Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture'
-- document [1].
-- From time to time a meter reader may sweep the flow table so as
-- to read counts. This is most effectively achieved by using the
-- TimeMark variable together with successive GetBulk requests to
-- retrieve the values of the desired flow attribute variables.
-- This scheme allows multiple meter readers to independently use the
-- same meter; the meter readers do not have to be synchronised and
-- they may use different collection intervals.
-- If identical sets of counts are requires from a meter, a manager
-- could achieve this using two identical copies of a ruleset in that
-- meter and switching back and forth between them. This is discussed
-- further in the RTFM Architecture document [1].
flowDataTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowDataEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The list of all flows being measured."
::= { flowData 1 }
flowDataEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowDataEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The flow data record for a particular flow."
INDEX { flowDataRuleSet, flowDataTimeMark, flowDataIndex }
::= { flowDataTable 1 }
FlowDataEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowDataIndex Integer32,
flowDataTimeMark TimeFilter,
flowDataStatus INTEGER,
flowDataSourceInterface Integer32,
flowDataSourceAdjacentType AdjacentType,
flowDataSourceAdjacentAddress AdjacentAddress,
flowDataSourceAdjacentMask AdjacentAddress,
flowDataSourcePeerType PeerType,
flowDataSourcePeerAddress PeerAddress,
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flowDataSourcePeerMask PeerAddress,
flowDataSourceTransType TransportType,
flowDataSourceTransAddress TransportAddress,
flowDataSourceTransMask TransportAddress,
flowDataDestInterface Integer32,
flowDataDestAdjacentType AdjacentType,
flowDataDestAdjacentAddress AdjacentAddress,
flowDataDestAdjacentMask AdjacentAddress,
flowDataDestPeerType PeerType,
flowDataDestPeerAddress PeerAddress,
flowDataDestPeerMask PeerAddress,
flowDataDestTransType TransportType,
flowDataDestTransAddress TransportAddress,
flowDataDestTransMask TransportAddress,
flowDataPDUScale Integer32,
flowDataOctetScale Integer32,
flowDataRuleSet Integer32,
flowDataToOctets Counter64, -- Source->Dest
flowDataToPDUs Counter64,
flowDataFromOctets Counter64, -- Dest->Source
flowDataFromPDUs Counter64,
flowDataFirstTime TimeStamp, -- Activity times
flowDataLastActiveTime TimeStamp,
flowDataSourceSubscriberID OCTET STRING,
flowDataDestSubscriberID OCTET STRING,
flowDataSessionID OCTET STRING,
flowDataSourceClass Integer32,
flowDataDestClass Integer32,
flowDataClass Integer32,
flowDataSourceKind Integer32,
flowDataDestKind Integer32,
flowDataKind Integer32
}
flowDataIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Value of this flow data record's index within the meter's
flow table."
::= { flowDataEntry 1 }
flowDataTimeMark OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeFilter
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MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A TimeFilter for this entry. Allows GetNext and GetBulk
to find flow table rows which have changed since a specified
value of the meter's Uptime."
::= { flowDataEntry 2 }
flowDataStatus OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX INTEGER { inactive(1), current(2) }
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Status of this flow data record."
::= { flowDataEntry 3 }
flowDataSourceInterface OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index of the interface associated with the source address
for this flow. It's value is one of those contained in the
ifIndex field of the meter's interfaces table."
::= { flowDataEntry 4 }
flowDataSourceAdjacentType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Adjacent address type of the source for this flow. If
metering is being performed at the network level this will
probably be an 802 MAC address, and the adjacent type will
indicate the medium being used. If traffic is being metered
inside a tunnel, its adjacent address type will be the peer
type of the host at the end of the tunnel."
::= { flowDataEntry 5 }
flowDataSourceAdjacentAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Address of the adjacent device on the path for the source
for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 6 }
flowDataSourceAdjacentMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
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STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the adjacent source address for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 7 }
flowDataSourcePeerType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PeerType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Peer address type of the source for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 8 }
flowDataSourcePeerAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PeerAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Address of the peer device for the source of this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 9 }
flowDataSourcePeerMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PeerAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the source peer address for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 10 }
flowDataSourceTransType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Transport address type of the source for this flow. The
value of this attribute will depend on the peer address type."
::= { flowDataEntry 11 }
flowDataSourceTransAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Transport address for the source of this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 12 }
flowDataSourceTransMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
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STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the transport source address for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 13 }
flowDataDestInterface OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index of the interface associated with the dest address for
this flow. This value is one of the values contained in the
ifIndex field of the interfaces table."
::= { flowDataEntry 14 }
flowDataDestAdjacentType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Adjacent address type of the destination for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 15 }
flowDataDestAdjacentAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Address of the adjacent device on the path for the
destination for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 16 }
flowDataDestAdjacentMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX AdjacentAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the adjacent dest address for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 17 }
flowDataDestPeerType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PeerType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Peer address type of the destination for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 18 }
flowDataDestPeerAddress OBJECT-TYPE
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SYNTAX PeerAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Address of the peer device for the destination of this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 19 }
flowDataDestPeerMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX PeerAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the dest peer type for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 20 }
flowDataDestTransType OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportType
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Transport address type of the destination for this flow. The
value of this attribute will depend on the peer address type."
::= { flowDataEntry 21 }
flowDataDestTransAddress OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Transport address for the destination of this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 22 }
flowDataDestTransMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TransportAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"1-bits in this mask indicate which bits must match when
comparing the transport destination address for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 23 }
flowDataPDUScale OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The scale factor applied to this particular flow. Indicates
the number of bits the PDU counter values should be moved left
to obtain the actual values."
::= { flowDataEntry 24 }
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flowDataOctetScale OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (0..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The scale factor applied to this particular flow. Indicates
the number of bits the octet counter values should be moved
left to obtain the actual values."
::= { flowDataEntry 25 }
flowDataRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The RuleSet number of the rule set which created this flow.
Allows a manager to use GetNext or GetBulk requests to find
flows belonging to a particular RuleSet."
::= { flowDataEntry 26 }
flowDataToOctets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The count of octets flowing from source to destination
for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 27 }
flowDataToPDUs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The count of packets flowing from source to destination
for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 28 }
flowDataFromOctets OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The count of octets flowing from destination to source
for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 29 }
flowDataFromPDUs OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Counter64
MAX-ACCESS read-only
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STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The count of packets flowing from destination to source
for this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 30 }
flowDataFirstTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The time at which this flow was first entered in the table"
::= { flowDataEntry 31 }
flowDataLastActiveTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeStamp
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The last time this flow had activity, i.e. the time of
arrival of the most recent PDU belonging to this flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 32 }
flowDataSourceSubscriberID OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (4..20))
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Subscriber ID associated with the source address for this
flow. A Subscriber ID is an unspecified text string, used
to ascribe traffic flows to individual users. At this time
the means by which a Subscriber ID may be associated with a
flow is unspecified."
::= { flowDataEntry 33 }
flowDataDestSubscriberID OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (4..20))
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Subscriber ID associated with the destination address for
this flow. A Subscriber ID is an unspecified text string,
used to ascribe traffic flows to individual users. At this
time the means by which a Subscriber ID may be associated
with a flow is unspecified."
::= { flowDataEntry 34 }
flowDataSessionID OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (4..10))
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
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DESCRIPTION
"Session ID for this flow. Such an ID might be allocated
by a network access server to distinguish a series of sessions
between the same pair of addresses, which would otherwise
appear to be parts of the same accounting flow."
::= { flowDataEntry 35 }
flowDataSourceClass OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Source class for this flow. Determined by the rules, set by
a PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 36 }
flowDataDestClass OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Destination class for this flow. Determined by the rules, set
by a PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 37 }
flowDataClass OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Class for this flow. Determined by the rules, set by a
PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 38 }
flowDataSourceKind OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Source kind for this flow. Determined by the rules, set by
a PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 39 }
flowDataDestKind OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Destination kind for this flow. Determined by the rules, set
by a PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 40 }
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flowDataKind OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Class for this flow. Determined by the rules, set by a
PushRule action when this flow was entered in the table."
::= { flowDataEntry 41 }
--
-- The Activity Column Table
--
flowColumnActivityTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowColumnActivityEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Index into the Flow Table. Allows a meter reader to retrieve
a list containing the flow table indexes of flows which were
last active at or after a given time, together with the values
of a specified attribute for each such flow."
::= { flowData 2 }
flowColumnActivityEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowColumnActivityEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The Column Activity Entry for a particular attribute,
activity time and flow."
INDEX { flowColumnActivityAttribute, flowColumnActivityTime,
flowColumnActivityIndex }
::= { flowColumnActivityTable 1 }
FlowColumnActivityEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowColumnActivityAttribute FlowAttributeNumber,
flowColumnActivityTime TimeFilter,
flowColumnActivityIndex Integer32,
flowColumnActivityData OCTET STRING
}
flowColumnActivityAttribute OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowAttributeNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the attribute for which values are required from
active flows."
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::= { flowColumnActivityEntry 1 }
flowColumnActivityTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeFilter
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"This variable is a copy of flowDataLastActiveTime in the
flow data record identified by the flowColumnActivityIndex
value of this flowColumnActivityTable entry."
::= { flowColumnActivityEntry 2 }
flowColumnActivityIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Index of a flow table entry which was active at or after
a specified flowColumnActivityTime."
::= { flowColumnActivityEntry 3 }
flowColumnActivityData OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING (SIZE (3..1000))
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"Collection of attribute data for flows active after
flowColumnActivityTime. Within the OCTET STRING is a
sequence of { flow index, attribute value } pairs, one for
each active flow. The end of the sequence is marked by a
flow index value of 0, indicating that there are no more
rows in this column.
The format of objects inside flowColumnFlowData is as follows.
All numbers are unsigned. Numbers and strings appear with
their high-order bytes leading. Numbers are fixed size, as
specified by their SYNTAX in the flow table (above), i.e. one
octet for flowAddressType and small constants, and four octets
for Counter and TimeStamp. Strings are variable-length, with
the length given in a single leading octet.
The following is an attempt at an ASN.1 definition of
flowColumnActivityData:
flowColumnActivityData ::= SEQUENCE flowRowItemEntry
flowRowItemEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowRowNumber Integer32 (1..65535),
-- 0 indicates the end of this column
flowDataValue flowDataType -- Choice depends on attribute
}
flowDataType ::= CHOICE {
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flowByteValue Integer32 (1..255),
flowShortValue Integer32 (1..65535),
flowLongValue Integer32,
flowStringValue OCTET STRING -- Length (n) in first byte,
-- n+1 bytes total length, trailing zeroes truncated
}"
::= { flowColumnActivityEntry 4 }
--
-- The Data Package Table
--
flowDataPackageTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowDataPackageEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index into the Flow Table. Allows a meter reader to retrieve
a sequence containing the values of a specified set of
attributes for a flow which came from a specified rule set and
which was last active at or after a given time."
::= { flowData 3 }
flowDataPackageEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowDataPackageEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The data package containing selected variables from
active rows in the flow table."
INDEX { flowPackageSelector,
flowPackageRuleSet, flowPackageTime, flowPackageIndex }
::= { flowDataPackageTable 1 }
FlowDataPackageEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowPackageSelector OCTET STRING,
flowPackageRuleSet Integer32,
flowPackageTime TimeFilter,
flowPackageIndex Integer32,
flowPackageData OCTET STRING
}
flowPackageSelector OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the attributes for which values are required from
an active flow. These are encoded as a sequence of octets
each containing a FlowAttribute number, preceded by an octet
giving the length of the sequence (not including the length
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octet). For a flowPackageSelector to be valid, it must
contain at least one attribute."
::= { flowDataPackageEntry 1 }
flowPackageRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..255)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Specifies the index (in the flowRuleSetInfoTable) of the rule
set which produced the required flow."
::= { flowDataPackageEntry 2 }
flowPackageTime OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX TimeFilter
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This variable is a copy of flowDataLastActiveTime in the
flow data record identified by the flowPackageIndex
value of this flowPackageTable entry."
::= { flowDataPackageEntry 3 }
flowPackageIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Index of a flow table entry which was active at or after
a specified flowPackageTime."
::= { flowDataPackageEntry 4 }
flowPackageData OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX OCTET STRING
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A collection of attribute values for a single flow, as
specified by this row's indexes. The attribute values are
contained within a BER-encoded sequence [8], in the order
they appear in their flowPackageSelector.
For example, to retrieve a flowPackage containing values for
attributes 11, 18 and 29, for a flow in rule set 7, with flow
index 3447, one would GET the package whose Object Identifier
(OID) is
flowPackageData . 3.11.18.29 . 7. 0 . 3447
To get a package for the next such flow which had been
active since time 12345 one would GETNEXT the package whose
Object Identifier (OID) is
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flowPackageData . 3.11.18.29 . 7. 12345 . 3447"
::= { flowDataPackageEntry 5 }
--
-- The Rule Table
--
-- This is an array of rule sets; the 'running' ones are indicated
-- by the entries in the meter's flowManagerInfoTable. Several rule
-- sets can be held in a meter so that the manager can change the
-- running rule sets easily, for example with time of day. Note that
-- a manager may not change the rules in any rule set currently
-- referenced within the flowManagerInfoTable (either as 'current' or
-- 'standby')! See the 'Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture'
-- document [1] for details of rules and how they are used.
-- Space for a rule set is allocated by setting the value of
-- flowRuleInfoSize in the rule table's flowRuleSetInfoTable row.
-- Values for each row in the rule set (Selector, Mask, MatchedValue,
-- Action and Parameter) can then be set by the meter.
-- Although an individual rule within a rule set could be modified,
-- it is much safer to simply download a complete new rule set.
flowRuleTable OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF FlowRuleEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Contains all the rule sets which may be used by the meter."
::= { flowRules 1 }
flowRuleEntry OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX FlowRuleEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The rule record itself."
INDEX { flowRuleSet, flowRuleIndex }
::= { flowRuleTable 1 }
FlowRuleEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
flowRuleSet Integer32,
flowRuleIndex Integer32,
flowRuleSelector RuleAttributeNumber,
flowRuleMask RuleAddress,
flowRuleMatchedValue RuleAddress,
flowRuleAction ActionNumber,
flowRuleParameter Integer32
}
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flowRuleSet OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Selects a rule set from the array of rule sets."
::= { flowRuleEntry 1 }
flowRuleIndex OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..65535)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The index into the Rule table. N.B: These values will
normally be consecutive, given the fall-through semantics
of processing the table."
::= { flowRuleEntry 2 }
flowRuleSelector OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RuleAttributeNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Indicates the attribute to be matched.
null(0) is a special case; null rules always succeed.
matchingStoD(50) is set by the meter's Packet Matching Engine.
Its value is true(1) if the PME is attempting to match the
packet with its addresses in Source-to-Destination order (i.e.
as they appear in the packet), and false(2) otherwise.
Details of how packets are matched are given in the 'Traffic
Flow Measurement: Architecture' document [1].
v1(51), v2(52), v3(53), v4(54) and v5(55) select meter
variables, each of which can hold the name (i.e. selector
value) of an address attribute. When one of these is used
as a selector, its value specifies the attribute to be
tested. Variable values are set by an Assign action."
::= { flowRuleEntry 3 }
flowRuleMask OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX RuleAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The initial mask used to compute the desired value. If the
mask is zero the rule's test will always succeed."
::= { flowRuleEntry 4 }
flowRuleMatchedValue OBJECT-TYPE
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SYNTAX RuleAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The resulting value to be matched for equality.
Specifically, if the attribute chosen by the flowRuleSelector
logically ANDed with the mask specified by the flowRuleMask
equals the value specified in the flowRuleMatchedValue, then
continue processing the table entry based on the action
specified by the flowRuleAction entry. Otherwise, proceed to
the next entry in the rule table."
::= { flowRuleEntry 5 }
flowRuleAction OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX ActionNumber
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The action to be taken if this rule's test succeeds, or if
the meter's 'test' flag is off. Actions are opcodes for the
meter's Packet Matching Engine; details are given in the
'Traffic Flow Measurement: Architecture' document [1]."
::= { flowRuleEntry 6 }
flowRuleParameter OBJECT-TYPE
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..65535)
MAX-ACCESS read-write
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A parameter value providing extra information for the
rule's action."
::= { flowRuleEntry 7 }
--
-- Traffic Flow Meter conformance statement
--
flowMIBCompliances
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIBConformance 1 }
flowMIBGroups
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { flowMIBConformance 2 }
flowControlGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowRuleInfoSize, flowRuleInfoOwner,
flowRuleInfoTimeStamp, flowRuleInfoStatus,
flowRuleInfoName,
flowRuleInfoRulesReady,
flowRuleInfoFlowRecords,
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flowInterfaceSampleRate,
flowInterfaceLostPackets,
flowReaderTimeout, flowReaderOwner,
flowReaderLastTime, flowReaderPreviousTime,
flowReaderStatus, flowReaderRuleSet,
flowManagerCurrentRuleSet, flowManagerStandbyRuleSet,
flowManagerHighWaterMark,
-- flowManagerCounterWrap, <- In DataScaleGroup
flowManagerOwner, flowManagerTimeStamp,
flowManagerStatus, flowManagerRunningStandby,
flowFloodMark,
flowInactivityTimeout, flowActiveFlows,
flowMaxFlows, flowFloodMode }
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The control group defines objects which are used to control
an accounting meter."
::= {flowMIBGroups 1 }
flowDataTableGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
-- flowDataIndex, <- Index
-- flowDataTimeMark, <- Index
flowDataStatus,
flowDataSourceInterface,
flowDataSourceAdjacentType,
flowDataSourceAdjacentAddress, flowDataSourceAdjacentMask,
flowDataSourcePeerType,
flowDataSourcePeerAddress, flowDataSourcePeerMask,
flowDataSourceTransType,
flowDataSourceTransAddress, flowDataSourceTransMask,
flowDataDestInterface,
flowDataDestAdjacentType,
flowDataDestAdjacentAddress, flowDataDestAdjacentMask,
flowDataDestPeerType,
flowDataDestPeerAddress, flowDataDestPeerMask,
flowDataDestTransType,
flowDataDestTransAddress, flowDataDestTransMask,
-- flowDataRuleSet, <- Index
flowDataToOctets, flowDataToPDUs,
flowDataFromOctets, flowDataFromPDUs,
flowDataFirstTime, flowDataLastActiveTime,
flowDataSourceClass, flowDataDestClass, flowDataClass,
flowDataSourceKind, flowDataDestKind, flowDataKind
}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The flow table group defines objects which provide the
structure for the flow table, including the creation time
and activity time indexes into it. In addition it defines
objects which provide a base set of flow attributes for the
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adjacent, peer and transport layers, together with a flow's
counters and times. Finally it defines a flow's class and
kind attributes, which are set by rule actions."
::= {flowMIBGroups 2 }
flowDataScaleGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowManagerCounterWrap,
flowDataPDUScale, flowDataOctetScale
}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The flow scale group defines objects which specify scale
factors for counters."
::= {flowMIBGroups 3 }
flowDataSubscriberGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowDataSourceSubscriberID, flowDataDestSubscriberID,
flowDataSessionID
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The flow subscriber group defines objects which may be used
to identify the end point(s) of a flow."
::= {flowMIBGroups 4 }
flowDataColumnTableGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowColumnActivityAttribute,
flowColumnActivityIndex,
flowColumnActivityTime,
flowColumnActivityData
}
STATUS deprecated
DESCRIPTION
"The flow column table group defines objects which can be used
to collect part of a column of attribute values from the flow
table."
::= {flowMIBGroups 5 }
flowDataPackageGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
-- flowPackageSelector, <- Index
-- flowPackageRuleSet, <- Index
-- flowPackageIndex, <- Index
flowPackageData
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The data package group defines objects which can be used
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to collect a specified set of attribute values from a row of
the flow table."
::= {flowMIBGroups 6 }
flowRuleTableGroup OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowRuleSelector,
flowRuleMask, flowRuleMatchedValue,
flowRuleAction, flowRuleParameter
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The rule table group defines objects which hold the set(s)
of rules specifying which traffic flows are to be accounted
for."
::= {flowMIBGroups 7 }
flowDataScaleGroup2 OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
-- flowManagerCounterWrap, <- Deprecated
flowDataPDUScale, flowDataOctetScale
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The flow scale group defines objects which specify scale
factors for counters. This group replaces the earlier
version of flowDataScaleGroup above (now deprecated)."
::= {flowMIBGroups 8}
flowControlGroup2 OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
flowRuleInfoSize, flowRuleInfoOwner,
flowRuleInfoTimeStamp, flowRuleInfoStatus,
flowRuleInfoName,
-- flowRuleInfoRulesReady, <- Deprecated
flowRuleInfoFlowRecords,
flowInterfaceSampleRate,
flowInterfaceLostPackets,
flowReaderTimeout, flowReaderOwner,
flowReaderLastTime, flowReaderPreviousTime,
flowReaderStatus, flowReaderRuleSet,
flowManagerCurrentRuleSet, flowManagerStandbyRuleSet,
flowManagerHighWaterMark,
-- flowManagerCounterWrap, <- In DataScaleGroup
flowManagerOwner, flowManagerTimeStamp,
flowManagerStatus, flowManagerRunningStandby,
flowFloodMark,
flowInactivityTimeout, flowActiveFlows,
flowMaxFlows, flowFloodMode }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
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"The control group defines objects which are used to control
an accounting meter. It replaces the earlier version of
flowControlGroup above (now deprecated)."
::= {flowMIBGroups 9 }
flowDataTableGroup2 OBJECT-GROUP
OBJECTS {
-- flowDataIndex, <- Index
-- flowDataTimeMark, <- Index
-- flowDataStatus, <- Deprecated
flowDataSourceInterface,
flowDataSourceAdjacentType,
flowDataSourceAdjacentAddress, flowDataSourceAdjacentMask,
flowDataSourcePeerType,
flowDataSourcePeerAddress, flowDataSourcePeerMask,
flowDataSourceTransType,
flowDataSourceTransAddress, flowDataSourceTransMask,
flowDataDestInterface,
flowDataDestAdjacentType,
flowDataDestAdjacentAddress, flowDataDestAdjacentMask,
flowDataDestPeerType,
flowDataDestPeerAddress, flowDataDestPeerMask,
flowDataDestTransType,
flowDataDestTransAddress, flowDataDestTransMask,
-- flowDataRuleSet, <- Index
flowDataToOctets, flowDataToPDUs,
flowDataFromOctets, flowDataFromPDUs,
flowDataFirstTime, flowDataLastActiveTime,
flowDataSourceClass, flowDataDestClass, flowDataClass,
flowDataSourceKind, flowDataDestKind, flowDataKind
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"This flow table group defines objects which provide the
structure for the flow table. It replaces the earlier
version of flowDataTableGroup above (now deprecated)."
::= {flowMIBGroups 10 }
flowMIBCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The compliance statement for a Traffic Flow Meter."
MODULE
MANDATORY-GROUPS {
flowControlGroup2,
flowDataTableGroup2,
flowDataPackageGroup,
flowRuleTableGroup
}
::= { flowMIBCompliances 1 }
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END
6 Security Considerations
6.1 SNMP Concerns
There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB that have a
MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such objects may be
considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. The
support for SET operations in a non-secure environment without proper
protection can have a negative effect on network operations.
There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may contain
sensitive information. These include all the objects in the Control
Group (since they control access to meter resources by Managers and
Meter Readers) and those in the Flow Table (since they hold the
collected traffic flow data).
It is thus important to control even GET access to these objects and
possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them
over the network via SNMP. Not all versions of SNMP provide features for
such a secure environment.
SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network
itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), even then, there is no
control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET
(read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB.
It is recommended that the implementers consider the security features
as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the
User-based Security Model [14] and the View-based Access Control Model
[15] is recommended.
It is then a customer/user responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity
giving access to an instance of this MIB is properly configured to give
access to the objects only to those principals (users) that have
legitimate rights to indeed GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.
6.2 Traffic Meter Concerns
This MIB describes how an RTFM traffic meter is controlled, and provides
a way for traffic flow data to be retrieved from it by a meter reader.
This is essentially an application using SNMP as a method of
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communication between co-operating hosts; it does not - in itself - have
any inherent security risks.
Since, however, the traffic flow data can be extremely valuable for
network management purposes it is vital that sensible precautions be
taken to keep the meter and its data secure. In particular, an attacker
must not be permitted to write any of the meter's variables! This
requires that access to the meter for control purposes (e.g. loading
RuleSets and reading flow data) be restricted. Such restriction could
be achieved in many ways, for example:
- Physical Separation. Meter(s) and meter reader(s) could be
deployed so that control capabilities are kept within a separate
network, access to which is carefully controlled.
- Application-layer Security. A minimal level of security for SNMP
is provided by using 'community' strings, which are essentially
clear-text passwords. Stronger security for SNMP is being
developed within the IETF (see above); when this becomes available
it should be used to protect managed network equipment.
- Lower-layer Security. Access to the meter can be protected using
encryption at the network layer. For example, one could run SNMP
to the meter through an encrypted TCP tunnel.
When implementing a meter it may be sensible to use separate network
interfaces for control and for metering. If this is done the control
network can be set up so that it doesn't carry any 'user' traffic, and
the metering interfaces can ignore any user attempts to take control of
the meter.
Users should also consider how they will address attempts to circumvent
a meter, i.e. to prevent it from measuring flows. Such attempts are
essentially denial-of-service attacks on the metering interfaces. For
example
- Port Scan attacks. The attacker sends packets to each of a very
large number of IP (Address : Port) pairs. Each of these packets
creates a new flow in the meter; if there are enough of them the
meter will recognise a 'flood' condition, and will probably stop
creating new flows. As a minimum, users (and implementors) should
ensure that meters can recover from flood conditions as soon as
possible after they occur.
- Counter Wrap attacks: The attacker sends enough packets to cause
the counters in a flow to wrap several times between meter
readings, thus causing the counts to be artificially low. The
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change to using 64-bit counters in this MIB reduces this problem
significantly.
Users can reduce the severity of both the above attacks by ensuring that
their meters are read often enough to prevent them being flooded. The
resulting flow data will contain a record of the attacking packets,
which may well be useful in determining where any attack came from.
7 IANA Considerations
The RTFM Architecture document [1], has two sets of assigned numbers:
Opcodes for the PME (Pattern Matching Engine) and RTFM Attribute
numbers. All the assigned numbers used in the Meter MIB appear in
Textual Conventions. The numbers they use are derived as follows:
The MIB's 'Type' textual conventions use names and numbers from the
Assigned Numbers RFC [11]:
MediumType Uses ifType Definitions
PeerType Uses Address Family Numbers
TransportType Uses Protocol Numbers
The MIB's 'AttributeNumber' textual conventions use RTFM Attribute names
and numbers from the RTFM Architecture document [1], or other numbers
allocated according to that document's IANA Considerations section:
FlowAttributeNumber Have values stored in a flow table row
RuleAttributeNumber May be tested in a rule
The MIB's ActionNumber textual convention uses RTFM PME Opcode names and
numbers from the RTFM Architecture document [1], or other numbers
allocated according to that document's IANA Considerations section.
8 Appendix A: Changes Introduced Since RFC 2064
The first version of the Meter MIB was published as RFC 2064 in January
1997. The most significant changes since then are summarised below.
- TEXTUAL CONVENTIONS: Greater use is made of textual conventions to
describe the various types of addresses used by the meter.
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- PACKET MATCHING ATTRIBUTES: Computed attributes (e.g. FlowClass
and FlowKind) may now be tested. This allows one to use these
variables to store information during packet matching.
A new attribute, MatchingStoD, has been added. Its value is 1
while a packet is being matched with its adresses in 'wire'
(source-to-destination) order.
- FLOOD MODE: This is now a read-write variable. Setting it to
false(2) switches the meter out of flood mode and back to normal
operation.
- CONTROL TABLES: Several variables have been added to the RuleSet,
Reader and Manager tables to provide more effective control of the
meter's activities.
- FLOW TABLE: 64-bit counters are used for octet and PDU counts.
This reduces the problems caused by the wrap-around of 32-bit
counters in earlier versions.
flowDataRuleSet is now used as an index to the flow table. This
allows a meter reader to collect only those flow table rows created
by a specified RuleSet.
- DATA PACKAGES: This is a new table, allowing a meter reader to
retrieve values for a list of attributes from a flow as a single
object. When used with SNMP GetBulk requests it provides an
efficient way to recover flow data.
Earlier versions had a 'Column Activity Table;' using this it was
difficult to collect all data for a flow efficiently in a single
SNMP request.
9 Acknowledgements
An early draft of this document was produced under the auspices of the
IETF's Accounting Working Group with assistance from the SNMP Working
Group and the Security Area Advisory Group. Particular thanks are due
to Jim Barnes, Sig Handelman and Stephen Stibler for their support and
their assistance with checking early versions of the MIB.
Stephen Stibler shared the development workload of producing the MIB
changes summarized in chapter 5 (above).
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10 References
[ 1] Brownlee, N., Mills, C. and G. Ruth, "Traffic Flow
Measurement: Architecture", RFC 2063, The University of
Auckland, GTE Laboratories, Inc, January 1997.
[ 2] McCloghrie, K. and Rose, M., Editors, "Management
Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based
internets," RFC 1213, Performance Systems International,
March 1991.
[ 3] Case J., McCloghrie K., Rose M. and Waldbusser S.,
"Structure of Management Information for version 2 of the
Simple Network Managemenet Protocol," RFC 1902,
SNMP Research Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
Consulting, Carnegie Mellon University, January 1996.
[ 4] Case J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and Waldbusser, S.,
"Textual Conventions for version 2 of the Simple Network
Managemenet Protocol SNMPv2", RFC 1903, SNMP Research Inc.,
Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Carnegie Mellon
University, January 1996.
[ 5] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and Waldbusser, S.,
"Conformance Statements for version 2 of the Simple Network
Managemenet Protocol (SNMPv2)," RFC 1904, SNMP Research Inc.,
Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach Consulting, Carnegie Mellon
University, January 1996.
[ 6] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M. and Waldbusser, S.,
"Coexistence between version 1 and version 2 of the
Internet-standard Network Management Framework," RFC 1908,
SNMP Research Inc., Hughes LAN Systems, Dover Beach
Consulting, Carnegie Mellon University, January 1996.
[ 7] Information processing systems - Open Systems
Interconnection - Specification of Abstract Syntax Notation
One (ASN.1), International Organization for Standardization,
International Standard 8824, December 1987.
[ 8] Information processing systems - Open Systems
Interconnection - Specification of Basic Encoding Rules for
Abstract Notation One (ASN.1), International Organization for
Standardization, International Standard 8825, December 1987.
[ 9] Mills, C., Hirsch, G. and Ruth, G., "Internet Accounting
Background," RFC 1272, Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Meridian
Technology Corporation, November 1991.
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[10] Waldbusser, S., "Remote Network Monitoring Management
Information Base Version 2 using SMIv2," RFC 2021, INS,
January 1997.
[11] Reynolds, J., Postel, J., "Assigned Numbers," RFC 1700,
ISI, October 1994.
[12] Case, J., "FDDI Management Information Base," RFC 1285,
SNMP Research Incorporated, January 1992.
[13] Hinden, R.and Deering, S., "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture," RFC 2373, Nokia, XCisco Systems, July 1998.
[14] Blumenthal, U, and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model
(USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2274, January 1998.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R. and K. McCloghrie, "View-based
Access Control Model for the Simple Network Management
Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2275, January 1998.
[16] Paxson, V., Almes, G., Mahdavi, J. and Mathis, M.,
"Framework for IP Performance Metrics," RFC 2330, May 1998.
11 Author's Address
Nevil Brownlee
Information Technology Systems & Services
The University of Auckland
Phone: +64 9 373 7599 x8941
E-mail: n.brownlee@auckland.ac.nz
Expires October 1999
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