Network Working Group                                     A. Lindem, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                                     Y. Qu
Intended status: Standards Track                           Cisco Systems
Expires: March 23, 2017                                         D. Yeung
                                                             Arrcus, Inc
                                                                 I. Chen
                                                                Ericsson
                                                                J. Zhang
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                                 Y. Yang
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                      September 19, 2016


                   Routing Key Chain YANG Data Model
                 draft-ietf-rtgwg-yang-key-chain-09.txt

Abstract

   This document describes the key chain YANG data model.  A key chain
   is a list of elements each containing a key, send lifetime, accept
   lifetime, and algorithm (authentication or encryption).  By properly
   overlapping the send and accept lifetimes of multiple key chain
   elements, keys and algorithms may be gracefully updated.  By
   representing them in a YANG data model, key distribution can be
   automated.  Key chains are commonly used for routing protocol
   authentication and other applications.  In some applications, the
   protocols do not use the key chain element key directly, but rather a
   key derivation function is used to derive a short-lived key from the
   key chain element key (e.g., the Master Keys used in the TCP
   Authentication Option.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on March 23, 2017.



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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     1.2.  Tree Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
     2.1.  Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
     2.2.  Graceful Key Rollover using Key Chains  . . . . . . . . .   4
   3.  Design of the Key Chain Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.1.  Key Chain Operational State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Key Chain Model Features  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
     3.3.  Key Chain Model Tree  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
   4.  Key Chain YANG Model  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
   5.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
   6.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
   7.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  19
     7.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21

1.  Introduction

   This document describes the key chain YANG data model.  A key chain
   is a list of elements each containing a key, send lifetime, accept
   lifetime, and algorithm (authentication or encryption).  By properly
   overlapping the send and accept lifetimes of multiple key chain
   elements, keys and algorithms may be gracefully updated.  By
   representing them in a YANG data model, key distribution can be
   automated.  Key chains are commonly used for routing protocol
   authentication and other applications.  In some applications, the
   protocols do not use the key chain element key directly, but rather a




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   key derivation function is used to derive a short-lived key from the
   key chain element key (e.g., the Master Keys used in [TCP-AO]).

1.1.  Requirements Notation

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC-KEYWORDS].

1.2.  Tree Diagrams

   A simplified graphical representation of the complete data tree is
   presented in Section 3.3.  The following tree notation is used.

   o  Brackets "[" and "]" enclose list keys.

   o  Curly braces "{" and "}" contain names of optional features that
      make the corresponding node conditional.

   o  Abbreviations before data node names: "rw" means configuration
      (read-write), "ro" state data (read-only), "-x" RPC operations,
      and "-n" notifications.

   o  Symbols after data node names: "?" means an optional node, "!" a
      container with presence, and "*" denotes a "list" or "leaf-list".

   o  Parentheses enclose choice and case nodes, and case nodes are also
      marked with a colon (":").

   o  Ellipsis ("...") stands for contents of subtrees that are not
      shown.

2.  Problem Statement

   This document describes a YANG [YANG] data model for key chains.  Key
   chains have been implemented and deployed by a large percentage of
   network equipment vendors.  Providing a standard YANG model will
   facilitate automated key distribution and non-disruptive key
   rollover.  This will aid in tightening the security of the core
   routing infrastructure as recommended in [IAB-REPORT].

   A key chain is a list containing one or more elements containing a
   Key ID, key, send/accept lifetimes, and the associated authentication
   or encryption algorithm.  A key chain can be used by any service or
   application requiring authentication or encryption.  In essence, the
   key-chain is a reusable key policy that can be referenced where ever
   it is required.  The key-chain construct has been implemented by most
   networking vendors and deployed in many networks.



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   The module name was change from ietf-key-chain to ietf-routing-key-
   chain to avoid disambiguate it from the ietf-system-keychain module
   defined in [NETCONF-SERVER-CONF].  However, due to popular demand,
   the module name has been restored to simply ietf-key-chain.

   A conceptual representation of a crypto key table is described in
   [CRYPTO-KEYTABLE].  The crypto key table also includes keys as well
   as their corresponding lifetimes and algorithms.  Additionally, the
   key table includes key selection criteria and envisions a deployment
   model where the details of the applications or services requiring
   authentication or encryption permeate into the key database.  The
   YANG key-chain model described herein doesn't include key selection
   criteria or support this deployment model.  At the same time, it does
   not preclude it.  The draft [YANG-CRYPTO-KEYTABLE] describes
   augmentations to the key chain YANG model in support of key selection
   criteria.

2.1.  Applicability

   Other YANG modules may reference ietf-key-chain YANG module key-chain
   names for authentication and encryption applications.  A YANG type
   has been provided to facilate reference to the key-chain name without
   having to specify the complete YANG XML Path Language (XPath)
   selector.

2.2.  Graceful Key Rollover using Key Chains

   Key chains may be used to gracefully update the key and/or algorithm
   used by an application for authentication or encryption.  This MAY be
   accomplished by accepting all the keys that have a valid accept
   lifetime and sending the key with the most recent send lifetime.  One
   scenario for facilitating key rollover is to:

   1.  Distribute a key chain with a new key to all the routers or other
       network devices in the domain of that key chain.  The new key's
       accept lifetime should be such that it is accepted during the key
       rollover period.  The send lifetime should be a time in the
       future when it can be assured that all the routers in the domain
       of that key are upgraded.  This will have no immediate impact on
       the keys used for transmission.

   2.  Assure that all the network devices have been updated with the
       updated key chain and that their system times are roughly
       synchronized.  The system times of devices within an
       administrative domain are commonly synchronized (e.g., using
       Network Time Protocol (NTP) [NTP-PROTO]).  This also may be
       automated.




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   3.  When the send lifetime of the new key becomes valid, the network
       devices within the domain of key chain will start sending the new
       key.

   4.  At some point in the future, a new key chain with the old key
       removed may be distributed to the network devices within the
       domain of the key chain.  However, this may be deferred until the
       next key rollover.  If this is done, the key chain will always
       include two keys; either the current and future key (during key
       rollovers) or the current and previous keys (between key
       rollovers).

3.  Design of the Key Chain Model

   The ietf-key-chain module contains a list of one or more keys indexed
   by a Key ID.  For some applications (e.g., OSPFv3 [OSPFV3-AUTH]), the
   Key-Id is used to identify the key chain entry to be used.  In
   addition to the Key-ID, each key chain entry includes a key-string
   and a cryptographic algorithm.  Optionally, the key chain entries
   include send/accept lifetimes.  If the send/accept lifetime is
   unspecified, the key is always considered valid.

   Note that asymmetric keys, i.e., a different key value used for
   transmission versus acceptance, may be supported with multiple key
   chain elements where the accept-lifetime or send-lifetime is not
   valid (e.g., has an end-time equal to the start-time).

   Due to the differences in key chain implementations across various
   vendors, some of the data elements are optional.  Additionally, the
   key-chain is made a grouping so that an implementation could support
   scoping other than at the global level.  Finally, the crypto-
   algorithm-types grouping is provided for reuse when configuring
   legacy authentication and encryption not using key-chains.

   A key-chain is identified by a unique name within the scope of the
   network device.  The "key-chain-ref" typedef SHOULD be used by other
   YANG modules when they need to reference a configured key-chain.

3.1.  Key Chain Operational State

   The key chain operational state is maintained in the key-chain
   entries along with the configuration state.  The key string itself is
   omitted from the operational state to minimize visibility similar to
   what was done with keys in SNMP MIBs.  The timestamp of the last key-
   chain modification is also maintained in the operational state.
   Additionally, the operational state includes an indication of whether
   or not a key chain entry is valid for sending or acceptance.




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3.2.  Key Chain Model Features

   Features are used to handle differences between vendor
   implementations.  For example, not all vendors support configuration
   an acceptance tolerance or configuration of key strings in
   hexadecimal.  They are also used to support of security requirements
   (e.g., TCP-AO Algorithms [TCP-AO-ALGORITHMS]) not implemented by
   vendors or only a single vendor.

3.3.  Key Chain Model Tree

   module: ietf-key-chain
   +--rw key-chains
     +--rw key-chain-list* [name]
     |  +--rw name                       string
     |  +--ro name-state?                string
     |  +--rw description?               string
     |  +--rw accept-tolerance {accept-tolerance}?
     |  |  +--rw duration?   uint32
     |  +--ro accept-tolerance-state
     |  |  +--ro duration?   uint32
     |  +--ro last-modified-timestamp?   yang:date-and-time
     |  +--rw key-chain-entry* [key-id]
     |     +--rw key-id                    uint64
     |     +--ro key-id-state?             uint64
     |     +--rw key-string
     |     |  +--rw (key-string-style)?
     |     |     +--:(keystring)
     |     |     |  +--rw keystring?            string
     |     |     +--:(hexadecimal) {hex-key-string}?
     |     |        +--rw hexadecimal-string?   yang:hex-string
     |     +--rw lifetime
     |     |  +--rw (lifetime)?
     |     |     +--:(send-and-accept-lifetime)
     |     |     |  +--rw send-accept-lifetime
     |     |     |     +--rw (lifetime)?
     |     |     |        +--:(always)
     |     |     |        |  +--rw always?            empty
     |     |     |        +--:(start-end-time)
     |     |     |           +--rw start-date-time?   yang:date-and-time
     |     |     |           +--rw (end-time)?
     |     |     |              +--:(infinite)
     |     |     |              |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
     |     |     |              +--:(duration)
     |     |     |              |  +--rw duration?          uint32
     |     |     |              +--:(end-date-time)
     |     |     |                 +--rw end-date-time?
     |     |     |                     yang:date-and-time



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     |     |     +--:(independent-send-accept-lifetime)
     |     |           {independent-send-accept-lifetime}?
     |     |        +--rw send-lifetime
     |     |        |  +--rw (lifetime)?
     |     |        |     +--:(always)
     |     |        |     |  +--rw always?            empty
     |     |        |     +--:(start-end-time)
     |     |        |        +--rw start-date-time?   yang:date-and-time
     |     |        |        +--rw (end-time)?
     |     |        |           +--:(infinite)
     |     |        |           |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
     |     |        |           +--:(duration)
     |     |        |           |  +--rw duration?          uint32
     |     |        |           +--:(end-date-time)
     |     |        |              +--rw end-date-time?
     |     |        |                  yang:date-and-time
     |     |        +--rw accept-lifetime
     |     |           +--rw (lifetime)?
     |     |              +--:(always)
     |     |              |  +--rw always?            empty
     |     |              +--:(start-end-time)
     |     |                 +--rw start-date-time?   yang:date-and-time
     |     |                 +--rw (end-time)?
     |     |                    +--:(infinite)
     |     |                    |  +--rw no-end-time?       empty
     |     |                    +--:(duration)
     |     |                    |  +--rw duration?          uint32
     |     |                    +--:(end-date-time)
     |     |                       +--rw end-date-time?
     |     |                           yang:date-and-time
     |     +--ro lifetime-state
     |     |  +--ro send-lifetime
     |     |  |  +--ro (lifetime)?
     |     |  |     +--:(always)
     |     |  |     |  +--ro always?            empty
     |     |  |     +--:(start-end-time)
     |     |  |        +--ro start-date-time?   yang:date-and-time
     |     |  |        +--ro (end-time)?
     |     |  |           +--:(infinite)
     |     |  |           |  +--ro no-end-time?       empty
     |     |  |           +--:(duration)
     |     |  |           |  +--ro duration?          uint32
     |     |  |           +--:(end-date-time)
     |     |  |              +--ro end-date-time?     yang:date-and-time
     |     |  +--ro send-valid?        boolean
     |     |  +--ro accept-lifetime
     |     |  |  +--ro (lifetime)?
     |     |  |     +--:(always)



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     |     |  |     |  +--ro always?            empty
     |     |  |     +--:(start-end-time)
     |     |  |        +--ro start-date-time?   yang:date-and-time
     |     |  |        +--ro (end-time)?
     |     |  |           +--:(infinite)
     |     |  |           |  +--ro no-end-time?       empty
     |     |  |           +--:(duration)
     |     |  |           |  +--ro duration?          uint32
     |     |  |           +--:(end-date-time)
     |     |  |              +--ro end-date-time?     yang:date-and-time
     |     |  +--ro accept-valid?      boolean
     |     +--rw crypto-algorithm
     |     |  +--rw (algorithm)?
     |     |     +--:(hmac-sha-1-12) {crypto-hmac-sha-1-12}?
     |     |     |  +--rw hmac-sha1-12?             empty
     |     |     +--:(aes-cmac-prf-128) {aes-cmac-prf-128}?
     |     |     |  +--rw aes-cmac-prf-128?         empty
     |     |     +--:(md5)
     |     |     |  +--rw md5?                      empty
     |     |     +--:(sha-1)
     |     |     |  +--rw sha-1?                    empty
     |     |     +--:(hmac-sha-1)
     |     |     |  +--rw hmac-sha-1?               empty
     |     |     +--:(hmac-sha-256)
     |     |     |  +--rw hmac-sha-256?             empty
     |     |     +--:(hmac-sha-384)
     |     |     |  +--rw hmac-sha-384?             empty
     |     |     +--:(hmac-sha-512)
     |     |     |  +--rw hmac-sha-512?             empty
     |     |     +--:(clear-text) {clear-text}?
     |     |     |  +--rw clear-text?               empty
     |     |     +--:(replay-protection-only) {replay-protection-only}?
     |     |        +--rw replay-protection-only?   empty
     |     +--ro crypto-algorithm-state
     |        +--ro (algorithm)?
     |           +--:(hmac-sha-1-12) {crypto-hmac-sha-1-12}?
     |           |  +--ro hmac-sha1-12?             empty
     |           +--:(aes-cmac-prf-128) {aes-cmac-prf-128}?
     |           |  +--ro aes-cmac-prf-128?         empty
     |           +--:(md5)
     |           |  +--ro md5?                      empty
     |           +--:(sha-1)
     |           |  +--ro sha-1?                    empty
     |           +--:(hmac-sha-1)
     |           |  +--ro hmac-sha-1?               empty
     |           +--:(hmac-sha-256)
     |           |  +--ro hmac-sha-256?             empty
     |           +--:(hmac-sha-384)



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     |           |  +--ro hmac-sha-384?             empty
     |           +--:(hmac-sha-512)
     |           |  +--ro hmac-sha-512?             empty
     |           +--:(clear-text) {clear-text}?
     |           |  +--ro clear-text?               empty
     |           +--:(replay-protection-only) {replay-protection-only}?
     |              +--ro replay-protection-only?   empty
     +--rw aes-key-wrap {aes-key-wrap}?
     |  +--rw enable?   boolean
     +--ro aes-key-wrap-state {aes-key-wrap}?
        +--ro enable?   boolean

4.  Key Chain YANG Model

   <CODE BEGINS> file "ietf-key-chain@2016-08-17.yang"
   module ietf-key-chain {
     namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain";
     // replace with IANA namespace when assigned
     prefix "key-chain";

     import ietf-yang-types {
       prefix "yang";
     }

     organization
       "IETF RTG (Routing) Working Group";
     contact
       "Acee Lindem - acee@cisco.com";

     description
       "This YANG module defines the generic configuration
        data for key-chain. It is intended that the module
        will be extended by vendors to define vendor-specific
        key-chain configuration parameters.

        Copyright (c) 2015 IETF Trust and the persons identified as
        authors of the code.  All rights reserved.

        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or
        without modification, is permitted pursuant to, and subject
        to the license terms contained in, the Simplified BSD License
        set forth in Section 4.c of the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions
        Relating to IETF Documents
        (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
        This version of this YANG module is part of RFC XXXX; see
        the RFC itself for full legal notices.";

     revision 2016-08-17 {



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       description
           "Add description and last-modified timestamp leaves.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }
     revision 2016-07-01 {
       description
         "Rename module back to ietf-key-chain.
          Added replay-protection-only feature and algorithm.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }
     revision 2016-03-15 {
       description
         "Rename module from ietf-key-chain to
          ietf-routing-key-chain.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for Routing key-chain";
     }
     revision 2016-02-16 {
       description
         "Updated version. Added clear-text algorithm as a
          feature.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }
     revision 2015-10-15 {
       description
         "Updated version, organization, and copyright.
          Added aes-cmac-prf-128 and aes-key-wrap features.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }
     revision 2015-06-29 {
       description
         "Updated version. Added Operation State following
          draft-openconfig-netmod-opstate-00.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }
     revision 2015-02-24 {
       description
         "Initial revision.";
       reference
         "RFC XXXX: A YANG Data Model for key-chain";
     }

     typedef key-chain-ref {



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       type leafref {
         path "/key-chain:key-chains/key-chain:key-chain-list/"
            + "key-chain:name";
       }
       description
         "This type is used by data models that need to reference
          configured key-chains.";
     }

     /* feature list */
     feature hex-key-string {
       description
         "Support hexadecimal key string.";
     }

     feature accept-tolerance {
       description
         "To specify the tolerance or acceptance limit.";
     }

     feature independent-send-accept-lifetime {
       description
         "Support for independent send and accept key lifetimes.";
     }

     feature crypto-hmac-sha-1-12 {
       description
         "Support for TCP HMAC-SHA-1 12 byte digest hack.";
     }

     feature clear-text {
       description
         "Support for clear-text algorithm. Usage is NOT RECOMMENDED.";
     }

     feature aes-cmac-prf-128 {
       description
         "Support for AES Cipher based Message Authentication Code
          Pseudo Random Function.";
     }

     feature aes-key-wrap {
       description
         "Support for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Key Wrap.";
     }

     feature replay-protection-only {
       description



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         "Provide replay-protection without any authentication
          as required by protocols such as Bidirectional
          Forwarding Detection (BFD).";
     }

     /* groupings */
     grouping lifetime {
       description
         "Key lifetime specification.";
       choice lifetime {
         default always;
         description
           "Options for specifying key accept or send lifetimes";
         case always {
           leaf always {
             type empty;
               description
                 "Indicates key lifetime is always valid.";
           }
         }
         case start-end-time {
           leaf start-date-time {
             type yang:date-and-time;
             description "Start time.";
           }
           choice end-time {
             default infinite;
             description
               "End-time setting.";
             case infinite {
           leaf no-end-time {
                 type empty;
               description
                 "Indicates key lifetime end-time in infinite.";
               }
             }
             case duration {
               leaf duration {
                 type uint32 {
                   range "1..2147483646";
                 }
                 units seconds;
                 description "Key lifetime duration, in seconds";
               }
             }
             case end-date-time {
               leaf end-date-time {
                 type yang:date-and-time;



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                 description "End time.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
       }
     }

    grouping crypto-algorithm-types {
        description "Cryptographic algorithm types.";
      choice algorithm {
        description
            "Options for cryptographic algorithm specification.";
        case hmac-sha-1-12 {
            if-feature crypto-hmac-sha-1-12;
            leaf hmac-sha1-12 {
                type empty;
                description "The HMAC-SHA1-12 algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case aes-cmac-prf-128 {
            if-feature aes-cmac-prf-128;
            leaf aes-cmac-prf-128 {
                type empty;
                description "The AES-CMAC-PRF-128 algorithm - required
                             by RFC 5926 for TCP-AO key derivation
                             functions.";
            }
        }
        case md5 {
            leaf md5 {
                type empty;
                description "The MD5 algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case sha-1 {
            leaf sha-1 {
                type empty;
                description "The SHA-1 algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case hmac-sha-1 {
            leaf hmac-sha-1 {
                type empty;
                description "HMAC-SHA-1 authentication algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case hmac-sha-256 {



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            leaf hmac-sha-256 {
                type empty;
                description "HMAC-SHA-256 authentication algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case hmac-sha-384 {
            leaf hmac-sha-384 {
                type empty;
                description "HMAC-SHA-384 authentication algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case hmac-sha-512 {
            leaf hmac-sha-512 {
                type empty;
                description "HMAC-SHA-512 authentication algorithm.";
            }
        }
        case clear-text {
            if-feature clear-text;
            leaf clear-text {
                type empty;
                description "Clear text.";
            }
        }
        case replay-protection-only {
            if-feature replay-protection-only;
            leaf replay-protection-only {
              type empty;
             description
                 "Provide replay-protection without any authentication
                  as required by protocols such as Bidirectional
                  Forwarding Detection (BFD).";
            }
        }
      }
    }

     grouping key-chain {
       description
         "key-chain specification grouping.";
       leaf name {
         type string;
         description "Name of the key-chain.";
       }

       leaf name-state {
         type string;
         config false;



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         description "Configured name of the key-chain.";
       }

       leaf description {
           type string;
           description "A description of the key-chain";
       }

       container accept-tolerance {
         if-feature accept-tolerance;
         description
           "Tolerance for key lifetime acceptance (seconds).";
         leaf duration {
           type uint32;
           units seconds;
           default "0";
           description
             "Tolerance range, in seconds.";
         }
       }

       container accept-tolerance-state {
         config false;
         description
           "Configured tolerance for key lifetime
            acceptance (seconds).";
         leaf duration {
           type uint32;
           description
             "Configured tolerance range, in seconds.";
         }
       }

       leaf last-modified-timestamp {
           type yang:date-and-time;
           config false;
           description "Timestamp of the most recent update
                        to the key-chain";
       }

       list key-chain-entry {
         key "key-id";
         description "One key.";
         leaf key-id {
           type uint64;
           description "Key ID.";
         }
         leaf key-id-state {



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           type uint64;
           config false;
           description "Configured Key ID.";
         }
         container key-string {
           description "The key string.";
           choice key-string-style {
              description
                "Key string styles";
              case keystring {
                leaf keystring {
                  type string;
                  description "Key string in ASCII format.";
                }
              }
              case hexadecimal {
                if-feature hex-key-string;
                leaf hexadecimal-string {
                  type yang:hex-string;
                  description
                    "Key in hexadecimal string format.";
                }
              }
            }
         }
         container lifetime {
           description "Specify a key's lifetime.";
           choice lifetime {
             description
               "Options for specification of send and accept
                lifetimes.";
             case send-and-accept-lifetime {
               description
                 "Send and accept key have the same lifetime.";
               container send-accept-lifetime {
                 uses lifetime;
                 description
                   "Single lifetime specification for both send and
                    accept lifetimes.";
               }
             }
             case independent-send-accept-lifetime {
               if-feature independent-send-accept-lifetime;
               description
                 "Independent send and accept key lifetimes.";
               container send-lifetime {
                 uses lifetime;
                 description



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                   "Separate lifetime specification for send
                    lifetime.";
               }
               container accept-lifetime {
                 uses lifetime;
                 description
                   "Separate lifetime specification for accept
                    lifetime.";
               }
             }
           }
         }
         container lifetime-state {
           config false;
           description "Configured key's lifetime.";
           container send-lifetime {
             uses lifetime;
             description
               "Configured send-lifetime.";
           }
           leaf send-valid {
             type boolean;
             description
               "Status of send-lifetime.";
           }
           container accept-lifetime {
             uses lifetime;
             description
               "Configured accept-lifetime.";
           }
           leaf accept-valid {
             type boolean;
             description
               "Status of accept-lifetime.";
           }
         }
         container crypto-algorithm {
           uses crypto-algorithm-types;
           description "Cryptographic algorithm associated with key.";
         }
         container crypto-algorithm-state {
           config false;
           uses crypto-algorithm-types;
           description "Configured cryptographic algorithm.";
         }
       }
     }




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     container key-chains {
       list key-chain-list {
         key "name";
         description
           "List of key-chains.";
         uses key-chain;
       }
       container aes-key-wrap {
         if-feature aes-key-wrap;
         leaf enable {
           type boolean;
           default false;
           description
             "Enable AES Key Wrap encryption.";
         }
         description
           "AES Key Wrap password encryption.";
       }
       container aes-key-wrap-state {
         if-feature aes-key-wrap;
         config false;
         leaf enable {
           type boolean;
           description "AES Key Wrap state.";
         }
         description "Status of AES Key Wrap.";
       }
       description "All configured key-chains for the device.";
     }
   }
   <CODE ENDS>

5.  Security Considerations

   This document enables the automated distribution of industry standard
   key chains using the NETCONF [NETCONF] protocol.  As such, the
   security considerations for the NETCONF protocol are applicable.
   Given that the key chains themselves are sensitive data, it is
   RECOMMENDED that the NETCONF communication channel be encrypted.  One
   way to do accomplish this would be to invoke and run NETCONF over SSH
   as described in [NETCONF-SSH].

   When configured, the key-strings can be encrypted using the AES Key
   Wrap algorithm [AES-KEY-WRAP].  The AES key-encryption key (KEK) is
   not included in the YANG model and must be set or derived independent
   of key-chain configuration.





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   The key strings are not included in the operational state.  This is a
   practice carried over from SNMP MIB modules and is an area for
   further discussion.

   The clear-text algorithm is included as a YANG feature.  Usage is NOT
   RECOMMENDED except in cases where the application and device have no
   other alternative (e.g., a legacy network device that must
   authenticate packets at intervals of 10 milliseconds or less for many
   peers using Bidirectional Forwarding Detection [BFD]).  Keys used
   with the clear-text algorithm are considered insecure and SHOULD NOT
   be reused with more secure algorithms.

6.  IANA Considerations

   This document registers a URI in the IETF XML registry
   [XML-REGISTRY].  Following the format in [XML-REGISTRY], the
   following registration is requested to be made:

      URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-key-chain

      Registrant Contact: The IESG.

      XML: N/A, the requested URI is an XML namespace.

      This document registers a YANG module in the YANG Module Names
      registry [YANG].

      name: ietf-key-chain namespace: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:yang:ietf-
      key-chain prefix: ietf-key-chain reference: RFC XXXX

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [NETCONF]  Enns, R., Bjorklund, M., Schoenwaelder, J., and A.
              Bierman, "Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC
              6241, June 2011.

   [NETCONF-SSH]
              Wasserman, M., "Using NETCONF Protocol over Secure Shell
              (SSH)", RFC 6242, June 2011.

   [RFC-KEYWORDS]
              Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFC's to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.






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   [XML-REGISTRY]
              Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
              January 2004.

   [YANG]     Bjorklund, M., "YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the
              Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)", RFC 6020,
              October 2010.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AES-KEY-WRAP]
              Housley, R. and M. Dworkin, "Advanced Encryption Standard
              (AES) Key Wrap with Padding Algorithm", RFC 5649, August
              2009.

   [BFD]      Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
              (BFD)", RFC 5880, June 2010.

   [CRYPTO-KEYTABLE]
              Housley, R., Polk, T., Hartman, S., and D. Zhang,
              "Table of Cryptographic Keys", RFC 7210, April 2014.

   [IAB-REPORT]
              Andersson, L., Davies, E., and L. Zhang, "Report from the
              IAB workshop on Unwanted Traffic March 9-10, 2006", RFC
              4948, August 2007.

   [NETCONF-SERVER-CONF]
              Watsen, K. and J. Schoenwaelder, "NETCONF Server and
              RESTCONF Server Configuration Models", draft-ietf-netconf-
              server-model-08.txt (work in progress), October 2015.

   [NTP-PROTO]
              Mills, D., Martin, J., Burbank, J., and W. Kasch, "Network
              Time Protocol Version 4: Protocol and Algorithms
              Specification", RFC 5905, June 2010.

   [OSPFV3-AUTH]
              Bhatia, M., Manral, V., and A. Lindem, "Supporting
              Authentication Trailer for OSPFv3", RFC 7166, March 2014.

   [TCP-AO]   Touch, J., Mankin, A., and R. Bonica, "The TCP
              Authentication Option", RFC 5925, June 2010.

   [TCP-AO-ALGORITHMS]
              Lebovitz, G. and E. Rescorla, "Cryptographic Algorithms
              for the TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO)", RFC 5926,
              June 2010.



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   [YANG-CRYPTO-KEYTABLE]
              Chen, I., "YANG Data Model for RFC 7210 Key Table", draft-
              chen-rtg-key-table-yang-02.txt (work in progress),
              November 2015.

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The RFC text was produced using Marshall Rose's xml2rfc tool.

   Thanks to Brian Weis for fruitful discussions on security
   requirements.

   Thanks to Ines Robles for Routing Directorate QA review comments.

Authors' Addresses

   Acee Lindem (editor)
   Cisco Systems
   301 Midenhall Way
   Cary, NC  27513
   USA

   Email: acee@cisco.com


   Yingzhen Qu
   Cisco Systems
   170 West Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: yiqu@cisco.com


   Derek Yeung
   Arrcus, Inc

   Email: derek@arrcus.com


   Ing-Wher Chen
   Ericsson

   Email: ichen@kuatrotech.com







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   Jeffrey Zhang
   Juniper Networks
   10 Technology Park Drive
   Westford, MA  01886
   USA

   Email: zzhang@juniper.net


   Yi Yang
   Cisco Systems
   7025 Kit Creek Road
   Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
   USA

   Email: yiya@cisco.com



































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