Secure Inter-Domain Routing (sidr) Seo, K.
Internet Draft Watro, R.
Expires: July 2010 Kong, D.
Intended Status: Best Current Practice Kent, S.
BBN Technologies
January 6, 2010
Certificate Policy (CP)
for the Resource PKI (RPKI)
draft-ietf-sidr-cp-08.txt
Status of this Memo
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Abstract
This document describes the certificate policy for a PKI used to
support attestations about Internet resource holdings. Each
organization that distributes IP addresses or Autonomous System (AS)
numbers to an organization will, in parallel, issue a certificate
reflecting this distribution. These certificates will enable
verification that the holder of the associated private key has been
allocated the resources indicated in the certificate, and is the
current, unique holder of these resources.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction...................................................7
1.1. Conventions used in this document.........................8
1.2. Overview..................................................8
1.3. Document name and identification..........................8
1.4. PKI participants..........................................9
1.4.1. Certification authorities............................9
1.4.2. Registration authorities.............................9
1.4.3. Subscribers..........................................9
1.4.4. Relying parties......................................9
1.4.5. Other participants..................................10
1.5. Certificate usage........................................10
1.5.1. Appropriate certificate uses........................10
1.5.2. Prohibited certificate uses.........................10
1.6. Policy administration....................................10
1.6.1. Organization administering the document.............10
1.6.2. Contact person......................................10
1.6.3. Person determining CP suitability for the policy....11
1.6.4. CP approval procedures..............................11
1.7. Definitions and acronyms.................................11
2. Publication And Repository Responsibilities...................13
2.1. Repositories.............................................13
2.2. Publication of certification information.................13
2.3. Time or frequency of publication.........................13
2.4. Access controls on repositories..........................13
3. Identification and Authentication.............................14
3.1. Naming...................................................14
3.1.1. Types of names......................................14
3.1.2. Need for names to be meaningful.....................14
3.1.3. Anonymity or pseudonymity of subscribers............14
3.1.4. Rules for interpreting various name forms...........14
3.1.5. Uniqueness of names.................................14
3.1.6. Recognition, authentication, and role of
trademarks.........................................15
3.2. Initial identity validation..............................15
3.2.1. Method to prove possession of private key...........15
3.2.2. Authentication of organization identity.............15
3.2.3. Authentication of individual identity...............15
3.2.4. Non-verified subscriber information.................15
3.2.5. Validation of authority.............................16
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3.2.6. Criteria for interoperation.........................16
3.3. Identification and authentication for re-key requests....16
3.3.1. Identification and authentication for routine
re-key.............................................16
3.3.2. Identification and authentication for re-key
after revocation...................................16
3.4. Identification and authentication for revocation
request.................................................17
4. Certificate Life-Cycle Operational Requirements...............18
4.1. Certificate Application..................................18
4.1.1. Who can submit a certificate application............18
4.1.2. Enrollment process and responsibilities.............18
4.2. Certificate application processing.......................18
4.2.1. Performing identification and authentication
functions..........................................18
4.2.2. Approval or rejection of certificate
applications.......................................18
4.2.3. Time to process certificate applications............19
4.3. Certificate issuance.....................................19
4.3.1. CA actions during certificate issuance..............19
4.3.2. Notification to subscriber by the CA of issuance
of certificate.....................................19
4.3.3. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA
to other entities..................................19
4.4. Certificate acceptance...................................19
4.4.1. Conduct constituting certificate acceptance.........19
4.4.2. Publication of the certificate by the CA............19
4.5. Key pair and certificate usage...........................20
4.5.1. Subscriber private key and certificate usage........20
4.5.2. Relying party public key and certificate usage......20
4.6. Certificate renewal......................................20
4.6.1. Circumstance for certificate renewal................20
4.6.2. Who may request renewal.............................21
4.6.3. Processing certificate renewal requests.............21
4.6.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to
subscriber.........................................21
4.6.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a renewal
certificate........................................21
4.6.6. Publication of the renewal certificate by the CA....21
4.6.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA
to other entities..................................21
4.7. Certificate re-key.......................................22
4.7.1. Circumstance for certificate re-key.................22
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4.7.2. Who may request certification of a new public
key................................................22
4.7.3. Processing certificate re-keying requests...........22
4.7.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to
subscriber.........................................22
4.7.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a re-keyed
certificate........................................22
4.7.6. Publication of the re-keyed certificate by the
CA.................................................23
4.7.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA
to other entities..................................23
4.8. Certificate modification.................................23
4.8.1. Circumstance for certificate modification...........23
4.8.2. Who may request certificate modification............23
4.8.3. Processing certificate modification requests........23
4.8.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to
subscriber.........................................23
4.8.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of modified
certificate........................................24
4.8.6. Publication of the modified certificate by the
CA.................................................24
4.8.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA
to other entities..................................24
4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension....................24
4.9.1. Circumstances for revocation........................24
4.9.2. Who can request revocation..........................24
4.9.3. Procedure for revocation request....................24
4.9.4. Revocation request grace period.....................25
4.9.5. Time within which CA must process the revocation
request............................................25
4.9.6. Revocation checking requirement for relying
parties............................................25
4.9.7. CRL issuance frequency..............................25
4.9.8. Maximum latency for CRLs............................25
4.10. Certificate status services.............................25
5. Facility, Management, And Operational Controls................26
5.1. Physical controls........................................26
5.2. Procedural controls......................................26
5.3. Personnel controls.......................................26
5.4. Audit logging procedures.................................26
5.4.1. Types of events recorded............................26
5.4.2. Frequency of processing log.........................27
5.4.3. Retention period for audit log......................27
5.4.4. Protection of audit log.............................27
5.4.5. Audit log backup procedures.........................27
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5.4.8. Vulnerability assessments...........................27
5.6. Key changeover...........................................27
5.8. CA or RA termination.....................................27
6. Technical Security Controls...................................28
6.1. Key pair generation and installation.....................28
6.1.1. Key pair generation.................................28
6.1.2. Private key delivery to subscriber..................28
6.1.3. Public key delivery to certificate issuer...........28
6.1.4. CA public key delivery to relying parties...........28
6.1.5. Key sizes...........................................29
6.1.6. Public key parameters generation and quality
checking...........................................29
6.1.7. Key usage purposes (as per X.509 v3 key usage
field).............................................29
6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module
Engineering Controls....................................29
6.2.1. Cryptographic module standards and controls.........29
6.2.2. Private key (n out of m) multi-person control.......29
6.2.3. Private key escrow..................................29
6.2.4. Private key backup..................................30
6.3. Other aspects of key pair management.....................30
6.3.1. Public key archival.................................30
6.3.2. Certificate operational periods and key pair
usage periods......................................30
6.5. Computer security controls...............................30
6.6. Life cycle technical controls............................30
6.6.1. System development controls.........................30
6.6.2. Security management controls........................30
6.6.3. Life cycle security controls........................31
6.7. Network security controls................................31
6.8. Time-stamping............................................31
The PKI in question does not make use of time stamping........31
7. Certificate and CRL Profiles..................................32
8. Compliance Audit And Other Assessments........................33
9. Other Business And Legal Matters..............................34
9.12. Amendments..............................................34
9.12.1. Procedure for amendment............................34
9.12.2. Notification mechanism and period..................34
9.12.3. Circumstances under which OID must be changed......34
10. Security Considerations......................................35
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11. IANA Considerations..........................................35
12. Acknowledgments..............................................35
13. References...................................................35
13.1. Normative References....................................35
13.2. Informative References..................................36
Authors' Addresses:..............................................37
Pre-5378 Material Disclaimer.....................................38
Copyright Statement..............................................38
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1. Introduction
This document describes the certificate policy for a PKI used to
attest to Internet resource holdings. An organization that
distributes IP addresses or Autonomous System (AS) numbers to an
organization will, in parallel, issue a certificate reflecting this
distribution. These certificates will enable verification that the
holder of the associated private key has been allocated the
resources indicated in the certificate, and is the current, unique
holder of these resources.
The most important and distinguishing aspect of the PKI for which
this policy was created is that it does not purport to identify an
address space holder or AS number holder via the subject name
contained in the certificate issued to that entity. Rather, each
certificate issued under this policy is intended to enable an entity
to assert, in a verifiable fashion, that it is the current holder of
an address block or an AS number, based on the current records of
the entity responsible for the resources in question. Verification
of the assertion is based on two criteria: the ability of the entity
to digitally sign data that is verifiable using the public key
contained in the corresponding certificate, and validation of that
certificate in the context of this PKI. This PKI is designed
exclusively for use in support of validation of claims related to
address space and AS number holdings. Use of the certificates and
CRLs managed under this PKI for any other purpose is a violation of
this CP, and relying parties should reject certificates presented
for such uses.
Note: This document is based on the template specified in the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards document RFC 3647.
A number of sections contained in the template were omitted from
this policy because they did not apply to this PKI. However, we have
retained the section numbering scheme employed in the RFC to
facilitate comparison with the RFC. The first digit from the RFC
(''4'') has been omitted and in cases where the RFC had bulleted
items, we added a third level of numbering. So for example, RFC
3647's item 4.4.8 (''Certificate Modification'') is listed here as
just 4.8. The first bullet under this item (''Circumstances under
which certificate modification can take place...'') is listed here as
4.8.1.
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1.1. Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [RFC2119].
1.2. Overview
This PKI is designed to support validation of claims by current
holders of IP (v4 and v6) address space, and AS numbers, in
accordance with the records of the organizations that act as CAs in
this PKI. The ability to verify such claims is essential to ensuring
the unique, unambiguous distribution of these resources.
This PKI parallels the existing IP address and AS number
distribution hierarchy. These resources are distributed by the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) to the Regional Internet
Registries. In some regions, National Internet Registries (NIRs)
form a tier of the hierarchy below the RIRs for internet number
resource (INR) distribution. ISPs and network subscribers form
additional tiers below registries..
This PKI encompasses several types of certificates (see IETF
document draft-ietf-sidr-arch-xx [ARCH] for more details):
. CA certificates for each organization allocating address blocks
and/or AS numbers, and for each address space (AS number) holder
. End entity (EE) certificates for organizations to validate digital
signatures on signed RPKI objects
. In the future, the PKI also may include end entity certificates in
support of access control for the repository system as described
in 2.4.
1.3. Document name and identification
The name of this document is ''Certificate Policy (CP) for the
Resource PKI (RPKI)''.
This policy has been assigned the following OID:
id-cp-ipAddr-asNumber
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) identified-organization(3)
dod(6) internet(1) security(5) mechanisms(5) pkix(7)
cp(14) 2 }
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1.4. PKI participants
Note: In a PKI, the term ''subscriber'' refers to an individual or
organization that is a Subject of a certificate issued by a CA. The
term is used in this fashion throughout this document, without
qualification, and should not be confused with the networking use of
the term to refer to an individual or organization that receives
service from an ISP. In such cases the term ''network subscriber''
will be used. Also note that, for brevity, this document always
refers to PKI participants as organizations or entities, even though
some of them are individuals.
1.4.1. Certification authorities
The organizations that distribute IP addresses (IANA, RIRs, NIRs,
LIRs/ISPs) and AS numbers (IANA, RIRs and NIRs) act as CAs in this
PKI.
Organizations that do not distribute INRs, but hold such resources
also act as CAs when they create EE certificates.
1.4.2. Registration authorities
This PKI does not require establishment or use of a separate
registration authority (RA) in conjunction with the CA function. The
RA function will be provided by the same entity operating as a CA,
e.g., entities listed in Section 1.4.1. An entity acting as a CA in
this PKI already has a formal relationship with each organization to
which it distributes INRs. These organizations already perform the
RA function implicitly since they already assume responsibility for
distributing INRs.
1.4.3. Subscribers
These are the organizations receiving distributions of IP addresses
and AS numbers -- RIRs, NIRs, LIRs, ISPs, and other organizations.
Note that any of these organizations may have received distributions
from more than one source, over time. This is true even for RIRs,
which participate in inter-registry exchanges of address space. This
PKI accommodates such relationships.
1.4.4. Relying parties
Entities or individuals that act in reliance of certificates or
RPKI-signed objects issued under this PKI are relying parties.
Relying parties may or may not be subscribers within this PKI. (See
section 1.7 for the definition of an RPKI-signed object.)
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1.4.5. Other participants
Every organization that undertakes a role as a CA in this PKI is
responsible for populating the RPKI distributed repository system
with the certificates, CRLs, and RPKI-signed objects that it issues.
The organization can operate its own publication point or outsource
this function (See sections 2.1 and 2.2.)
1.5. Certificate usage
1.5.1. Appropriate certificate uses
The certificates issued under this hierarchy are for authorization
in support of validation of claims of current holdings of address
space and/or AS numbers.
Additional uses of the certificates, consistent with the basic goal
cited above, are also permitted under this policy.
Some of the certificates that may be issued under this PKI could be
used to support operation of this infrastructure, e.g., access
control for the repository system as described in 2.4. Such uses
also are permitted under this policy.
1.5.2. Prohibited certificate uses
Any uses other than those described in Section 1.5.1 are prohibited
under this policy.
1.6. Policy administration
1.6.1. Organization administering the document
This CP is administered by
Internet Engineering Steering Group
c/o Internet Society
1775 Wiehle Avenue, Suite 201
Reston, VA 20190-5108
U.S.A.
1.6.2. Contact person
The contact information is
iesg.ietf.org
+1-703-439-2120
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1.6.3. Person determining CP suitability for the policy
The IESG will judge consensus of the IETF community for changes to
this policy.
1.6.4. CP approval procedures
IESG will approve a replacement BCP, following the procedures of the
IETF Standards Process as defined in RFC 2026.
1.7. Definitions and acronyms
CPS - Certification Practice Statement. A CPS is a document that
specifies the practices that a Certification Authority employs
in issuing certificates in this PKI.
Distribution of INRs - A process of distribution and assignment of the
INRs along the respective number hierarchy. IANA distributes
blocks of IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers to the five
Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). RIRs allocate smaller
address blocks and Autonomous System Numbers to organizations
within their service regions, who in turn assign IP addresses to
their customers.
IANA - Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. IANA is responsible for
global coordination of the Internet Protocol addressing systems
and Autonomous System (AS) numbers used for routing internet
traffic. IANA distributes INRs to Regional Internet Registries
(RIRs).
INRs - Internet Number Resources. INRs are number values for three
protocol parameter sets, namely:
. IP Version 4 addresses,
. IP version 6 addresses, and
. Identifiers used in Internet inter-domain routing, currently
Border Gateway Protocol-4 Autonomous System numbers.
ISP - Internet Service Provider. This is an organization managing and
selling Internet services to other organizations.
LIR - Local Internet Registry. This is an organization, typically a
network service provider, that distributes INRs for a portion of
the area covered by a Regional (or National) Registry.
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NIR - National Internet Registry. This is an organization that manages
the distribution of INRs for a portion of the geopolitical area
covered by a Regional Registry. NIRs form an optional second
tier in the tree scheme used to manage INRs.
RIR - Regional Internet Registry. This is an organization that
manages the distribution of INRs for a geopolitical area.
RPKI-signed object - An RPKI-signed object is a digitally signed data
object (other than a certificate or CRL) declared to be such by
a standards track RFC, and that can be validated using
certificates issued under this PKI. The content and format of
these data constructs depend on the context in which validation
of claims of current holdings of INRs takes place. Examples of
these objects are repository manifests and CRLs.
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2. Publication And Repository Responsibilities
2.1. Repositories
Certificates, CRLs, and RPKI-signed objects must be made available
for downloading by all relying parties, to enable them to validate
this data. This motivates use of a robust, distributed repository
system. Each CA is responsible for maintaining a publicly accessible
online repository and publishing there its RPKI-signed objects. This
collection of repositories forms the RPKI distributed repository
system. (This function may be outsourced, as noted in Section 2.2
below.)
2.2. Publication of certification information
Each CA will publish the certificates it issues via the repository
system.
Each CA will publish the CRL(s) that it issues via the repository
system.
Each CA will publish its RPKI-signed objects via the repository
system.
An organization may choose to outsource publication of RPKI data -
certificates, CRLs, and other RPKI-signed objects.
2.3. Time or frequency of publication
The CPS for each CA will specify the following information:
The period of time within which a certificate will be published
after the CA issues the certificate.
The period of time within which a CA will publish a CRL with an
entry for a revoked certificate after it revokes that certificate.
Note that each CA MUST publish its CRL prior to the
nextScheduledUpdate value in the scheduled CRL previously issued by
the CA.
2.4. Access controls on repositories
Each CA shall implement access controls to prevent unauthorized
persons from adding, modifying or deleting repository entries. A CA
shall not intentionally use technical means of limiting read access
to its CPS, certificates, CRLs or RPKI-signed objects.
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3. Identification and Authentication
3.1. Naming
3.1.1. Types of names
The distinguished name for every CA and end entity consists of a
single Common Name (CN) attribute with a value generated by the
issuer of the certificate. Optionally, the serialNumber attribute
may be included along with the common name (to form a terminal
relative distinguished name set), to distinguish among successive
instances of certificates associated with the same entity.
3.1.2. Need for names to be meaningful
The Subject name in each certificate must be unique relative to all
Subject names certified by the same Issuer, but the name does not
need to be meaningful. There is no requirement, and no guarantee,
that subject names are globally unique in this PKI. The certificates
issued under this PKI are used for authorization in support of
applications that make use of attestations of Internet resource
holding, not for identification. The PKI binds a public key to sets
of address blocks, and/or sets of AS numbers. The name of the holder
of the address block or AS number is not intended to be
''meaningful''.
3.1.3. Anonymity or pseudonymity of subscribers
Although Subject (and Issuer) names need not be meaningful, and may
appear ''random,'' anonymity is not a function of this PKI, and thus
no explicit support for this feature is provided.
3.1.4. Rules for interpreting various name forms
None
3.1.5. Uniqueness of names
Each CA certifies Subject names that must be unique among the
certificates that it issues. Although it is desirable that these
Subject names be unique throughout the PKI, to facilitate
certificate path discovery, such uniqueness is neither mandated nor
enforced through technical means.
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3.1.6. Recognition, authentication, and role of trademarks
Because the Subject names are not intended to be meaningful, there
is no provision to recognize or authenticate trademarks, service
marks, etc.
3.2. Initial identity validation
3.2.1. Method to prove possession of private key
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will require each
Subject to demonstrate proof-of-possession (PoP) of the private key
corresponding to the public key in the certificate, prior to issuing
the certificate. The means by which PoP is achieved is determined by
each CA and will be declared in the CPS of that CA.
3.2.2. Authentication of organization identity
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to ensure that each certificate it issues accurately
reflects its records with regard to the organization to which the CA
has distributed the INRs identified in the certificate. The specific
procedures employed for this purpose are described by the CPS for
each CA. Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures
commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in
the management of the INRs. This authentication is solely for use by
each CA in dealing with the organizations to which it distributes
INRs, and thus must not be relied upon outside of this CA-subscriber
relationship.
3.2.3. Authentication of individual identity
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to identify at least one individual as a representative
of each organization that is an address space (AS number) holder..
The specific means by which each CA authenticates individuals as
representatives for an organization are described by the CPS for
each CA. Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures
commensurate with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in
authenticating individuals as representatives for INR holders.
3.2.4. Non-verified subscriber information
No non-verified subscriber data is included in certificates issued
under this certificate policy except for SIA/AIA extensions.
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3.2.5. Validation of authority
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to verify that an individual claiming to represent an
organization to which a certificate is issued, is authorized to
represent that organization in this context. The procedures are
described by the CPS for the CA Relying parties can expect each CA
to employ procedures commensurate with those it already employs as a
registry or ISP, in authenticating individuals as representatives
for INR holders.
3.2.6. Criteria for interoperation
This PKI is neither intended nor designed to interoperate with any
other PKI.
3.3. Identification and authentication for re-key requests
3.3.1. Identification and authentication for routine re-key
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to ensure that an organization requesting a re-key is the
legitimate holder of the certificate to be re-keyed and associated
address space and AS numbers and will require PoP of the private key
corresponding to the new public key. The procedures employed for
these purposes are described in the CPS for the CA. With respect to
authentication of the holder of the address space and AS numbers,
relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate
with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the
management of INRs.
Note: An issuer may choose to require periodic re-keying consistent
with contractual agreements with the recipient. If so, this will be
described by the CPS for the CA.
3.3.2. Identification and authentication for re-key after revocation
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to ensure that an organization requesting a re-key after
revocation is the same entity to which the revoked certificate was
issued and is the legitimate holder of the associated INR. The CA
will require PoP of the private key corresponding to the new public
key. The specific procedures employed for these purposes will be
described by the CPS for the CA. With respect to authentication of
the holder of the address space and AS numbers, relying parties can
expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate with those it
already employs as a registry or ISP, in the management of INRs.
Note that there may be different procedures for the case where the
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legitimate subject still possesses the original private key as
opposed to the case when it no longer has access to that key.
3.4. Identification and authentication for revocation request
Each CA operating within the context of this PKI will employ
procedures to ensure that an organization requesting revocation is
the legitimate holder of the certificate to be revoked and
associated address space and AS numbers. The specific procedures
employed for these purposes will be described by the CPS for the CA.
Relying parties can expect each CA to employ procedures commensurate
with those it already employs as a registry or ISP, in the
management of INRs.
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4. Certificate Life-Cycle Operational Requirements
4.1. Certificate Application
4.1.1. Who can submit a certificate application
The Resource PKI issues several types of certificates. Any entity
that distributes INRs should acquire a certificate. This includes
Internet Registries and ISPs. Additionally, entities that hold INRs
from an Internet Registry, or that are multi-homed, may acquire a
certificate under this PKI. The (CA) certificates issued to these
entities will include one or both of the extensions defined by RFC
3779, X.509 Extensions for IP Addresses and AS Identifiers, as
appropriate.
The application procedure will be described in the CPS for each CA.
4.1.2. Enrollment process and responsibilities
The enrollment process and procedures will be described by the CPS
for each CA. An entity that desires one or more certificates should
contact the organization from which it receives its INRs.
4.2. Certificate application processing
CAs should make use of existing standards for certificate
application processing. Relevant standards include RFC 4210,
Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Management
Protocol (CMP), RFC 2797, Certificate Management Messages over CMS,
and RSA Labs standards PKCS #7 and PKCS #10. Each CA will define the
certificate request/response standards that it employs, via its CPS.
4.2.1. Performing identification and authentication functions
Existing practices employed by registries and ISPs to identify and
authenticate organizations that receive INRs form the basis for
issuance of certificates to these subscribers. It is important to
note that the Resource PKI is never used to authenticate the
identity of an organization, but rather to bind subscribers to the
address blocks and AS numbers they hold. Because identity is not
being vouched for by this PKI, certificate application procedures
need not verify legal organization names, etc.
4.2.2. Approval or rejection of certificate applications
Certificate applications will be approved based on the normal
business practices of the entity operating the CA, based on the CA's
records of address space and AS number holders. Each CA will follow
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the procedures specified in 3.2.1 to verify that the requester holds
the corresponding private key for the public key that will be bound
to the certificate the CA issues to the requestor. The details of
how certificate applications are approved are described in the CPS
for the CA in question.
4.2.3. Time to process certificate applications
No stipulation. Each CA may declare its expected time frame for
processing certificate applications as part of its CPS.
4.3. Certificate issuance
4.3.1. CA actions during certificate issuance
If a CA determines that the request is acceptable, it will issue the
corresponding certificate and publish it in the RPKI distributed
repository system via publication of the certificate at the CA's
repository publication point.
4.3.2. Notification to subscriber by the CA of issuance of certificate
The CA will notify the subscriber when the certificate is published.
The means by which a subscriber is notified is defined by each CA in
its CPS.
4.3.3. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities
The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be
notified when a certificate is issued.
4.4. Certificate acceptance
4.4.1. Conduct constituting certificate acceptance
Within the timeframe specified in its CPS, the CA will place the
certificate in the repository and notify the subscriber. This will
be done without subscriber review and acceptance. Each CA shall
state in its CPS the procedures it follows for publishing of the
certificate and notification to the subscriber.
4.4.2. Publication of the certificate by the CA
Certificates will be published in the RPKI distributed repository
system via publication of the certificate at the CA's repository
publication point as per the conduct described in 4.4.1. The
procedures for publication are defined by each CA in its CPS.
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4.5. Key pair and certificate usage
A summary of the use model for the Resource PKI is provided below.
4.5.1. Subscriber private key and certificate usage
Each holder of an INR is eligible to request an X.509 CA certificate
containing appropriate RFC 3779 extensions. When the subjects of
these certificates are LIRs/ISPs or network subscribers, they also
may issue EE certificates to themselves to enable verification of
RPKI-signed objects that they generate.
4.5.2. Relying party public key and certificate usage
Reliance on a certificate must be reasonable under the
circumstances. If the circumstances indicate a need for additional
assurances, the relying party must obtain such assurances in order
for such reliance to be deemed reasonable.
Before any act of reliance, relying parties shall independently
1)verify that the certificate will be used for an appropriate
purpose that is not prohibited or otherwise restricted by this CP,
and 2) assess the status of the certificate and all the CAs in the
chain that issued the certificates relevant to the certificate in
question. If any of the certificates in the certificate chain have
been revoked, the relying party is solely responsible to determine
whether reliance on a digital signature to be verified by the
certificate in question is acceptable. Any such reliance is made
solely at the risk of the relying party.
If a relying party determines that use of the certificate is
appropriate, the relying party shall utilize appropriate software
and/or hardware to perform digital signature verification as a
condition of relying on the certificate. Moreover the relying party
is responsible for validating the certificate in a manner consistent
with the algorithm specified in RFC 5280 and RFC 3779.
4.6. Certificate renewal
4.6.1. Circumstance for certificate renewal
A certificate should be processed for renewal based on its
expiration date or a renewal request from the subscriber. Prior to
the expiration of an existing subscriber's certificate, it is the
responsibility of the subscriber to renew the certificate to
maintain continuity of certificate usage. If the issuing CA
initiates the renewal process based on the certificate expiration
date, then that CA shall notify the holder in advance of the renewal
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process. The validity interval of the new (renewed) certificate
should overlap that of the previous certificate, to ensure
continuity of certificate usage.
Certificate renewal should incorporate the same public key as the
previous certificate, unless the private key has been reported as
compromised. If a new key pair is being used, the stipulations of
Section 4.7 will apply.
4.6.2. Who may request renewal
Only the certificate holder or the issuing CA may initiate the
renewal process. The certificate holder may request an early
renewal, for example, if it wishes to change the public key, or if
it expects to be unavailable to support the renewal process during
the normal expiration period. An issuing CA may initiate the renewal
process based on the certificate expiration date.
4.6.3. Processing certificate renewal requests
Renewal procedures must ensure that the person or organization
seeking to renew a certificate is in fact the subscriber (or
authorized by the subscriber) of the certificate and the legitimate
holder of the INR associated with the renewed certificate. Renewal
processing must verify that the certificate in question has not been
revoked.
4.6.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber
No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.3.2.
4.6.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a renewal certificate
No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.4.1.
4.6.6. Publication of the renewal certificate by the CA
No additional stipulations beyond those of section 4.4.2.
4.6.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities
The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be
notified when a certificate is issued.
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4.7. Certificate re-key
4.7.1. Circumstance for certificate re-key
Re-key of a certificate should be performed only when required,
based on:
1. knowledge or suspicion of compromise or loss of the associated
private key, or
2. the expiration of the cryptographic lifetime of the associated
key pair
The re-key operation can have dramatic consequences, requiring the
re-issuance of all certificates issued by a re-keyed entity, so it
should be performed only when necessary. In particular, if a
certificate is revoked to replace the RFC 3779 extensions, the
replacement certificate should incorporate the same public key
rather than a new key.
If the re-key is based on a suspected compromise, then the previous
certificate must be revoked.
Section 5.6 below notes that when a CA signs a certificate, the
signing key should have a validity period that exceeds the validity
period of the certificate. This places additional constraints on
when a CA should request a re-key.
4.7.2. Who may request certification of a new public key
Only the holder of the certificate may request a re-key. In
addition, the CA that issued the certificate may initiate a rekey
based on a verified compromise report.
4.7.3. Processing certificate re-keying requests
The re-key process follows the general procedures of certificate
generation as defined in section 4.3.
4.7.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber
No stipulation beyond the notification process for any new
certificate (see section 4.3.2)
4.7.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of a re-keyed certificate
No stipulation beyond the acceptance process for any new certificate
(see section 4.4.1)
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4.7.6. Publication of the re-keyed certificate by the CA
No stipulation beyond the publication process for any new
certificate (see section 4.4.2)
4.7.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities
The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be
notified when a certificate is issued.
4.8. Certificate modification
4.8.1. Circumstance for certificate modification
Modification of a certificate occurs to implement changes to
selected attribute values in a certificate. In the context of this
PKI, the only changes that are accommodated by certificate
modification are additions to the address space and/or AS number
holdings described by the RFC 3779 extension.
When previously allocated address space or AS numbers are removed
from a certificate, then the old certificate is revoked and a new
certificate is issued.
When a certificate modification is approved, a new certificate is
issued. The new certificate will contain the same public key and the
same expiration date as the original certificate, but with the
incidental information corrected and/or the address space and AS
distributions expanded. Revocation of the previous certificate is
not required.
4.8.2. Who may request certificate modification
The certificate holder or issuer may initiate the certificate
modification process.
4.8.3. Processing certificate modification requests
The CA must determine that the requested modification is appropriate
and that the procedures for the issuance of a new certificate are
followed.
4.8.4. Notification of new certificate issuance to subscriber
No stipulation beyond the notification process for any new
certificate (see section 4.3.2)
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4.8.5. Conduct constituting acceptance of modified certificate
No stipulation beyond the acceptance process for any new certificate
(see section 4.4.1).
4.8.6. Publication of the modified certificate by the CA
No stipulation beyond the publication process for any new
certificate (see section 4.4.2).
4.8.7. Notification of certificate issuance by the CA to other entities
The CPS of each CA will indicate whether any other entities will be
notified when a certificate is issued.
4.9. Certificate revocation and suspension
4.9.1. Circumstances for revocation
A certificate must be revoked (and published on a CRL) if there is
reason to believe that there has been a compromise of a subscriber's
private key. A certificate also may be revoked to invalidate a data
object signed by the private key associated with that certificate.
Other circumstances that justify revocation of a certificate can be
specified in a CA's CPS.
Note: If new IP addresses or AS numbers are being added to an
organization's existing distribution, the old certificate need not
be revoked. Instead, a new certificate may issued with both the old
and the new resources and the old key. If IP addresses or AS numbers
are being removed or if there has been a key compromise, then the
old certificate must be revoked (and a re-key must be performed in
the event of key compromise).
4.9.2. Who can request revocation
This is defined in the CPS of the relevant organization.
4.9.3. Procedure for revocation request
A subscriber must submit a request to the certificate issuer for a
revocation. A certificate issuer must notify the subscriber when
revoking a certificate, however this notification requirement is
satisfied by publication of a CRL by the issuer.
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4.9.4. Revocation request grace period
A subscriber should request revocation as soon as possible after the
need for revocation has been identified. There is no specified grace
period for the subscriber in this process.
4.9.5. Time within which CA must process the revocation request
No stipulation. Each CA is free to specify its expected revocation
processing time in its CPS.
4.9.6. Revocation checking requirement for relying parties
A relying party is responsible for acquiring and checking the most
recent, scheduled CRL from the issuer of the certificate, whenever
the relying party validates a certificate.
4.9.7. CRL issuance frequency
The CRL issuance frequency is determined by each CA and stated in
its CPS. Each CRL carries a nextScheduledUpdate value and a new CRL
must be published at or before that time. A CA must set the
nextScheduledUpdate value when it issues a CRL, to signal when the
next scheduled CRL will be issued.
4.9.8. Maximum latency for CRLs
The CPS for each CA will specify the maximum latency associated with
posting its CRL to the repository system.
4.10. Certificate status services
This PKI does not make use of OCSP or SCVP, because it is
anticipated that the primary relying parties (ISPs) will acquire and
validate certificates for all participating resource holders on a
daily basis. These protocols are not designed for such large-scale,
bulk certificate status checking. Instead, retrieval of all changed
or new certificates and CRLs on a daily basis is the anticipated
mode of certificate status verification.
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5. Facility, Management, And Operational Controls
5.1. Physical controls
Each CA will maintain physical security controls for its operation
that are commensurate with those employed by the organization in the
management of address space and AS number distribution. The details
for each CA will be specified in its CPS.
5.2. Procedural controls
Each CA is expected to maintain procedural security controls that
are commensurate with those employed by the organization in the
management of address space and AS number distribution. The details
for each CA will be specified in its CPS.
5.3. Personnel controls
Each CA will maintain personnel security controls that are
commensurate with those employed by the organization in the
management of address space and AS number distribution. The details
for each CA will be specified in its CPS.
5.4. Audit logging procedures
Details of how a CA implements the audit logging described in this
section (5.4.1 to 5.4.8) will be addressed in its CPS.
5.4.1. Types of events recorded
Audit records should be generated for the basic operations of the
certification authority computing equipment. Audit records should
include the date, time, responsible user or process, and summary
content data relating to the event. Auditable events include
. Access to CA computing equipment (e.g., logon, logout)
. Messages received requesting CA actions (e.g., certificate
requests, certificate revocation requests, compromise
notifications)
. Certificate creation, modification, revocation, or renewal actions
. Posting of any material to a repository
. Any attempts to change or delete audit data
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5.4.2. Frequency of processing log
Each CA will establish its own procedures for review of audit logs.
5.4.3. Retention period for audit log
Each CA will establish its own polices for retention of audit logs.
5.4.4. Protection of audit log
The audit log should be protected based on current industry
standards.
5.4.5. Audit log backup procedures
The audit log should be backed up based on current industry
standards.
5.4.8. Vulnerability assessments
The PKI subsystems of a registry or ISP should participate in any
vulnerability assessments that these organizations run as part of
their normal business practice.
5.6. Key changeover
When a CA wishes to change keys, it must acquire a new certificate
containing the public key of its new key pair, well in advance of
the scheduled change of the current signature key pair. The private
key that a CA uses to sign a certificate or CRL should have a
validity period that is at least as long as that of any certificate
being issued under that certificate.
5.8. CA or RA termination
In this PKI, each subscriber also acts as a CA authoritative for the
specified INRs that were distributed to that entity. The termination
of a CA shall therefore be subject to the agreement between the
issuer and the subscriber and will be described in the CPS for the
issuer.
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6. Technical Security Controls
The organizations that allocate IP addresses and AS numbers to
network subscribers are authoritative for these distributions. This
PKI is designed to enable LIRs/ISPs and network subscribers to
demonstrate that they are the holders of the resources that have
been allocated to them. Accordingly, the security controls used by
CAs and subscribers for this PKI need only to be as secure as those
that apply to the procedures for administering the distribution of
IP address space and AS number data by the extant organizations.
Details of each CA's security controls are described in the CPS
issued by the CA.
6.1. Key pair generation and installation
6.1.1. Key pair generation
In most instances, public-key pairs will be generated by the
subject, i.e., the organization receiving the distribution of
address space or AS numbers. However, some CAs may offer to
generate key pairs on behalf of their subjects at the request of the
subjects, e.g., to accommodate subscribers who do not have the
ability to perform key generation in a secure fashion. Since the
keys used in this PKI are not for non-repudiation purposes,
generation of key pairs by CAs does not inherently undermine the
security of the PKI. Each CA will describe its key pair generation
procedures in its CPS.
6.1.2. Private key delivery to subscriber
If a CA provides key pair generation services for subscribers, its
CPS will describe the means by which private keys are delivered to
subscribers in a secure fashion.
6.1.3. Public key delivery to certificate issuer
When a public key is transferred to the issuing CA to be certified,
it shall be delivered through a mechanism ensuring that the public
key has not been altered during transit and that the subscriber
possesses the private key corresponding to the transferred public
key.
6.1.4. CA public key delivery to relying parties
CA public keys for all entities (other than trust anchors) are
contained in certificates issued by other CAs. These certificates
will be published in the RPKI distributed repository system. Relying
parties may download these certificates from the repositories.
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Public key values and associated data for (putative) trust anchors
are distributed out of band and accepted by relying parties on the
basis of locally-defined criteria.
6.1.5. Key sizes
The algorithms and key sizes used in this PKI are specified in RFC
ZZZZ [RFCzzzz].
6.1.6. Public key parameters generation and quality checking
The public key parameters used in this PKI are specified in RFC ZZZZ
[RFCzzzz]. Each subscriber is responsible for performing checks on
the quality of its key pair. CAs are not responsible for performing
such checks for subscribers.
6.1.7. Key usage purposes (as per X.509 v3 key usage field)
The Key usage extension bit values shall be consistent with RFC
3280. For CA certificates, the keyCertSign and cRLSign bits shall be
set TRUE. All other bits (including digitalSignature) shall be set
FALSE, and the extension shall be marked critical. End entity
certificates in this PKI may include this extension, with
appropriate bit values, as per RFC 3280, but such inclusion is not
required.
6.2. Private Key Protection and Cryptographic Module Engineering
Controls
6.2.1. Cryptographic module standards and controls
The cryptographic module standards and controls employed by each CA
will be described in the CPS issued by that CA.
6.2.2. Private key (n out of m) multi-person control
CAs may employ multi-person controls to constrain access to their
private keys, but this is not a requirement for all CAs in the PKI.
The CPS for each CA will describe which, if any, multi-person
controls it employs.
6.2.3. Private key escrow
No private key escrow procedures are required for this PKI.
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6.2.4. Private key backup
Because of the adverse operational implications associated with the
loss of use of a CA private key in the PKI, each CA should employ a
secure means to backup its private keys. The details of the
procedures for backing up a CA's private key will be described in
the CPS issued by the CA.
6.3. Other aspects of key pair management
6.3.1. Public key archival
Because this PKI does not support non-repudiation, there is no need
to archive public keys.
6.3.2. Certificate operational periods and key pair usage periods
The INRs held by RIRs and the NIRs periodically change because these
registries receive new distributions. Therefore it is appropriate
for their certificates to have lifetimes that match the periodicity
of these changes. However, to minimize disruption, the key pairs
should be maintained across certificate changes.
If LIR/ISP and network subscriber certificates are tied to the
duration of service agreements, these certificates should have
validity periods commensurate with the duration of these agreements.
In any case, the validity period for certificates will be chosen by
the issuing CA and described in its CPS.
6.5. Computer security controls
Each CA will document the technical security requirements it employs
for CA computer operation in its CPS.
6.6. Life cycle technical controls
6.6.1. System development controls
The CPS for each CA will document any system development controls
required by that CA, if applicable.
6.6.2. Security management controls
The CPS for each CA will document the security controls applied to
the software and equipment used for this PKI. These controls shall
be commensurate with those used for the systems used by the CAs for
managing the INRs.
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6.6.3. Life cycle security controls
The CPS for each CA will document how the equipment (hardware and
software) used for this PKI shall be procured, installed,
maintained, and updated. This will be done in a fashion commensurate
with the way in which equipment for the management and distribution
of INRs is handled.
6.7. Network security controls
The CPS for each CA will document the network security controls
employed for CA operation. These should be commensurate with the
protection it employs for the computers used for managing
distribution of INRs.
6.8. Time-stamping
The PKI in question does not make use of time stamping.
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7. Certificate and CRL Profiles
Please refer to the Certificate and CRL Profile [RFCyyyy].
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8. Compliance Audit And Other Assessments
The Certificate Policy for a typical PKI defines the criteria
against which prospective CAs are evaluated and establishes
requirements that they must meet. In this PKI, the CAs are already
authoritative for the management of INRs, and the PKI simply
supports verification of the distribution of these resources to
network subscribers. Accordingly, whatever audit and other
assessments are already used to ensure the security of the
management of INRs is sufficient for this PKI. The CPS for each CA
will describe what audits and other assessments are used.
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9. Other Business And Legal Matters
As noted throughout this certificate policy, the organizations
managing the distribution of INRs are authoritative in their roles
as managers of this data. They will operate this PKI to allow the
holders of INRs to generate digitally signed data that attest to
these distributions. Therefore, the manner in which the
organizations in question manage their business and legal matters
for this PKI should be commensurate with the way in which they
already manage business and legal matters in their existing roles.
Since there is no single set of responses to this section that would
apply to all organizations, the topics listed in sections 4.9.1 to
4.9.11 and 4.9.13 to 4.9.17 of RFC 3647 should be covered in the CPS
issued by each CA, although not every CA may choose to address all
of these topics.
9.12. Amendments
9.12.1. Procedure for amendment
The procedure for amending this CP is via written notice from the
IESG in the form of a new (BCP) RFC that updates or obsoletes this
document.
9.12.2. Notification mechanism and period
The IESG will provide at least a six month advance notice of a
change to this CP.
9.12.3. Circumstances under which OID must be changed
If the IESG judges that changes to the CP do not materially reduce
the acceptability of certificates issued for RPKI purposes, there
will be no change to the CP OID. If the IESG judges that changes to
the CP do materially change the acceptability of certificates for
RPKI purposes, then there will be a new CP OID.
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10. Security Considerations
According to X.509, a certificate policy (CP) is "a named set of
rules that indicates the applicability of a certificate to a
particular community and/or class of applications with common
security requirements." A CP may be used by a relying party to help
in deciding whether a certificate, and the binding therein, are
sufficiently trustworthy and otherwise appropriate for a particular
application. This document describes the CP for the Internet Address
and AS Number PKI. There are separate documents (Certification
Practice Statements (CPS's)) that cover the factors that determine
the degree to which a relying party can trust the binding embodied
in a certificate. The degree to which such a binding can be trusted
depends on several factors, e.g., the practices followed by the
certification authority (CA) in authenticating the subject; the CA's
operating policy, procedures, and technical security controls,
including the scope of the subscriber's responsibilities (for
example, in protecting the private key), and the stated
responsibilities and liability terms and conditions of the CA (for
example, warranties, disclaimers of warranties, and limitations of
liability).
11. IANA Considerations
None.
12. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Geoff Huston, Randy Bush, Andrei
Robachevsky and other members of the RPKI community for reviewing
this document and Matt Lepinski for his help with the formatting.
13. References
13.1. Normative References
[RFC2119] Bradner, S., ''Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels," BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFCyyyy] Huston, G., Michaelson, G., Loomans, R., ''A Profile for
X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates,'' work in progress.
[RFCzzzz] Huston, G., ''A Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for use
in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure,'' work in progress.
[ARCH] Lepinski M., Kent S., ''An Infrastructure to Support Secure
Internet Routing,'' work in progress.
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13.2. Informative References
[BGP4] Y. Rekhter, T. Li (editors), ''A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-
4),'' IETF RFC 4271, January 2006.
[REPOS] Huston, G., Loomans, R., and Michaelson, G., ''A Profile for
Resource Certificate Repository Structure,'' work in progress.
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Authors' Addresses:
Stephen Kent
BBN Technologies
10 Moulton Street
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
Phone: +1 (617) 873-3988
Email: skent@bbn.com
Derrick Kong
BBN Technologies
Moulton Street
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
Phone: +1 (617) 873-1951
Email: dkong@bbn.com
Karen Seo
BBN Technologies
10 Moulton Street
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
Phone: +1 (617) 873-3152
Email: kseo@bbn.com
Ronald Watro
BBN Technologies
10 Moulton Street
Cambridge MA 02138
USA
Phone: +1 (617) 873-2551
Email: rwatro@bbn.com
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Pre-5378 Material Disclaimer
This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
Contributions published or made publicly available before November
10, 2008. The person(s) controlling the copyright in some of this
material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
modifications of such material outside the IETF Standards Process.
Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
than English.
Copyright Statement
Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
publication of this document (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info).
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your
rights and restrictions with respect to this document.
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