Secure Inter-Domain Routing                                    G. Huston
Internet-Draft                                                R. Loomans
Intended status: Standards Track                             B. Ellacott
Expires: April 18, 2011                                            APNIC
                                                              R. Austein
                                                                     ISC
                                                        October 15, 2010


           A Protocol for Provisioning Resource Certificates
              draft-ietf-sidr-rescerts-provisioning-07.txt

Abstract

   This document defines a framework for certificate management
   interactions between a resource issuer ("Issuer") and a resource
   recipient ("Subject") through the specification of a protocol for
   interaction between the two parties.  The protocol supports the
   transmission of requests from the Subject, and corresponding
   responses from the Issuer encompassing the actions of certificate
   issuance, certificate revocation and certificate status information
   reports.  This protocol is intended to be limited to the application
   of resource certificate management and is not intended to be used as
   part of a more general certificate management framework.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on April 18, 2011.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal



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   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
     1.1.  Terminology  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Scope  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   3.  Protocol Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     3.1.  CMS Profile  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.1.1.  SignedData Content Type  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.1.2.  CMS Object Validation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     3.2.  Common Message format  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.3.  Control - Resource Class Query . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.3.1.  Resource Class List Query  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       3.3.2.  Resource Class List Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     3.4.  CA - Certificate Issuance  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.4.1.  Certificate Issuance Request . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       3.4.2.  Certificate Issuance Response  . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     3.5.  Certificate Revocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       3.5.1.  Certificate Revocation Request . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       3.5.2.  Certificate Revocation Response  . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     3.6.  Request-Not-Performed Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   4.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   5.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   6.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   Appendix A.  CMS Signed Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   Appendix B.  XML Schema  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30












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1.  Introduction

   This document defines a framework for certificate management
   interactions between a resource issuer ("Issuer") and a resource
   recipient ("Subject") through the specification of a protocol for
   interaction between the two parties.  The protocol supports the
   transmission of requests from the Subject, and corresponding
   responses from the Issuer encompassing the actions of certificate
   issuance, certificate revocation and certificate status information
   reports.  This protocol is intended to be limited to the application
   of resource certificate management and is not intended to be used as
   part of a more general certificate management framework.

1.1.  Terminology

   Terms used in this document are:

   "Issuer"  used in the context of this document as an entity
      undertaking the role of resource issuer.  An "Issuer" is a
      Certificate Authority, and can issue Resource Certificates.

   "Subject"  used in the context of this document as an entity
      undertaking the role of resource recipient who is the subject of a
      Resource Certificate.  A "Subject" may be issued with a CA-enabled
      certificate, allowing the entity to also assume the role of an
      "Issuer".

   "resource class"  a resource class refers to a collection of
      resources that can be certified in a single resource certificate
      by an issuer.

   "server"  in the context of this client/server protocol
      specification, the Issuer assumes the role of the "server."

   "client"  in the context of this client/server protocol
      specification, the Subject assumes the role of the "client."


   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119.


2.  Scope

   This Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) certificate
   provisioning protocol defines a basic set of interactions that allow
   a Subject to request certificate issuance, revocation and status



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   information from the Issuer, and for a Issuer to maintain an issued
   certificate set that is aligned to the allocation records relating to
   each Subject.  The Issuer's resource allocation database is the
   authoritative source of what resource allocations the Issuer may
   certify for a Subject.

   A resource recipient (Subject) may also undertake the role of a
   resource issuer (Issuer).

   This protocol specification does not encompass:
   o  signing of objects with keys that are certified by resource
      certificates, nor the issuance of end-entity certificates.

   o  the specification of interaction with the Issuer's resource
      allocation database, nor the specification of a protocol to manage
      the publication repository.

   o  the interactions between client and server that establish
      identities, exchange the keys used in the protection of the
      communications channel between client and server, and the exchange
      of the certificates and validation Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
      contexts used in the Cryptographic Message Syntax message
      exchange.



3.  Protocol Specification

   This RPKI certificate provisioning protocol is expressed as a simple
   request/response interaction, where the client passes a request to
   the server, and the server generates a corresponding response.

   The protocol is implemented as an exchange of messages.

   Messages are passed over an HTTP [RFC2616] end-to-end connection.  A
   message exchange commences with the client initiating an HTTP POST
   with content type of "application/x-rpki", with the message object as
   the body.  The server's response will similarly be the body of the
   response with a content type of "application/x-rpki".

   The content of the POST, and the server's response, will be a "well-
   formed" Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) [RFC5652] object, encoded
   using the Distinguished Encoding Rules for ASN.1 (DER) [X.509-88],
   formatted in accordance with the CMS profile specified in the
   following section.  CMS is used as the signing format to sign the
   message object.  The public part of the signing key and the
   associated certificate chain that is used to validate the CMS digital
   signature is assumed to have been communicated between the two



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   entities, through mechanisms not defined in this specification.

   The protocol's request / response interaction is assumed to be
   reliable, in that all requests will generate a matching response.
   The protocol requires sequential operation for each distinct client,
   where the server MUST NOT accept a client's request unless it has
   generated and sent a response to the client's previous request.
   Attempts by the client to initiate multiple requests in parallel MUST
   be detected by the server and rejected with an error response.

3.1.  CMS Profile

   The format of the CMS object is:

         ContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
           contentType ContentType,
           content [0] EXPLICIT ANY DEFINED BY contentType }

         ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

   The ContentType is the signed-data type of id-data, namely id-
   signedData, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.7.2.  [RFC5652]

3.1.1.  SignedData Content Type

   According to the CMS standard [RFC5652], signed-data content types is
   the ASN.1 type SignedData:

         SignedData ::= SEQUENCE {
           version CMSVersion,
           digestAlgorithms DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers,
           encapContentInfo EncapsulatedContentInfo,
           certificates [0] IMPLICIT CertificateSet OPTIONAL,
           crls [1] IMPLICIT RevocationInfoChoices OPTIONAL,
           signerInfos SignerInfos }

         DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers ::= SET OF DigestAlgorithmIdentifier

         SignerInfos ::= SET OF SignerInfo

   Additionally, the SignerInfos set MUST contain only a single
   SignerInfo object.

3.1.1.1.  version

   The version is the syntax version number.  It MUST be 3,
   corresponding to the signerInfo structure having version number 3.




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3.1.1.2.  digestAlgorithms

   The digestAlgorithms set contains the OIDs of the digest algorithm(s)
   used in signing the encapsulated content.  This set MUST contain
   exactly one digest algorithm OID, and the OID MUST be selected from
   those specified in [ID.sidr-rpki-algs].

3.1.1.3.  encapContentInfo

   encapContentInfo is the signed content, consisting of a content type
   identifier and the content itself.  The encapContentInfo represents
   the payload of the RPKI certificate provisioning protocol.

        EncapsulatedContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
          eContentType ContentType,
          eContent [0] EXPLICIT OCTET STRING OPTIONAL }

        ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

3.1.1.3.1.  eContentType

   The eContentType for the RPKI Protocol Message object is defined as
   id-ct-xml, and has the numerical value of 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.28.

         id-smime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840)
                                   rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 16 }

         id-ct OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-smime 1 }

         id-ct-xml OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ct 28 }

3.1.1.3.2.  eContent

   The content of a RPKI XML Protocol Object consists of a single
   protocol message, structured according to a defined XML schema, as
   defined in subsequent sections of this document.  The eContent field
   of the CMS object is formally defined using ASN.1 as:

             id-ct-xml ::= OCTET STRING -- XML encoded message

3.1.1.4.  certificates

   This field MUST be present, and MUST contain the EE certificate of
   the key pair whose private key value was used to sign the CMS.  This
   MUST NOT be an RPKI certificate, and SHOULD be a certificate that is
   recognised to attest to the identity of the party that created the
   CMS object.




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   This field MAY contain CA certificates that a relying party may use
   to validate the EE certificate.

3.1.1.5.  crls

   This field MUST be present.  The contents of the field are specified
   in [RFC5652].

3.1.1.6.  signerInfo

   SignerInfo is defined in CMS as:

         SignerInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
           version CMSVersion,
           sid SignerIdentifier,
           digestAlgorithm DigestAlgorithmIdentifier,
           signedAttrs [0] IMPLICIT SignedAttributes OPTIONAL,
           signatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier,
           signature SignatureValue,
           unsignedAttrs [1] IMPLICIT UnsignedAttributes OPTIONAL }

3.1.1.6.1.  version

   The version number MUST be 3, corresponding with the choice of
   SubjectKeyIdentifier for the sid.

3.1.1.6.2.  sid

   The sid is defined as:

         SignerIdentifier ::= CHOICE {
           issuerAndSerialNumber IssuerAndSerialNumber,
           subjectKeyIdentifier [0] SubjectKeyIdentifier }

   In this profile, the sid MUST be the SubjectKeyIdentifier that
   appears in the EE certificate carried in the CMS certificates field.

3.1.1.6.3.  digestAlgorithm

   The digestAlgorithm MUST consist of the OID of a digest algorithm
   that conforms to the RPKI Algorithms and Key Size Profile
   specification [ID.sidr-rpki-algs].

3.1.1.6.4.  signedAttrs

   The signedAttrs field is defined as:





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         SignedAttributes ::= SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF Attribute

         UnsignedAttributes ::= SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF Attribute

         Attribute ::= SEQUENCE {
           attrType OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
           attrValues SET OF AttributeValue }

         AttributeValue ::= ANY

   The signedAttr element MUST be present and MUST include the content-
   type, and message-digest [RFC5652] attributes.  If the either the
   signing-time [RFC5652] attribute or the the binary-signing-time
   attribute [RFC6019] attribute, or both attributes, are present they
   MUST also be included as the SignedAttributes.  Other signed
   attributes MUST NOT be included.

   The signedAttr MUST include only a single instance of any particular
   attribute.  Additionally, even though the syntax allows for a SET OF
   AttributeValue, in this profile the attrValues MUST consist of only a
   single AttributeValue.

3.1.1.6.4.1.  Content-Type Attribute

   The ContentType attribute MUST be present.  The attrType OID for the
   ContentType attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.3.

         id-contentType OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 3 }

         ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

   The attrValues for the ContentType attribute MUST match the
   eContentType in the EncapsulatedContentInfo.  This OID value is
   defined as id-ct-xml, and has the numerical value of
   1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.1.28.

3.1.1.6.4.2.  Message-Digest Attribute

   The MessageDigest Attribute MUST be present.  The attrType OID for
   the MessageDigest Attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.4.

         id-messageDigest OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 4 }

         MessageDigest ::= OCTET STRING

   The attrValues for the MessageDigest attribute contains the output of



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   the digest algorithm applied to the content being signed, as
   specified in Section 5.4 of [RFC5652].

3.1.1.6.4.3.  SigningTime Attribute

   The SigningTime attribute MAY be present.  The attrType OID for the
   SigningTime attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.5.

         id-signingTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 5 }

         SigningTime ::= Time

         Time ::= CHOICE {
           utcTime UTCTime,
           generalizedTime GeneralizedTime }

   The SigningTime attribute specifies the time, based on the local
   system clock, when the digital signature was applied to the content.

   Guidelines regarding the use of UTCTime and GeneralizedTime in the
   Signing Time attribute can be found in Section 11.3 of [RFC5652].

   Either one of the SigningTime attribute or the BinarySigningTime
   attribute, or both attributes, MUST be present.  If both the
   SigningTime and BinarySigningTime attributes are present they MUST
   both represent the same underlying time value.

3.1.1.6.4.4.  BinarySigningTime Attribute

   The BinarySigningTime attribute MAY be present.  The attrType OID for
   the Binary-SigningTime attribute is 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.2.46.

         id-aa-binarySigningTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
             member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
             smime(16) aa(2) 46 }

         BinarySigningTime ::= BinaryTime

         BinaryTime ::= INTEGER (0..MAX)

   The BinarySigningTime attribute specifies the time, based on the
   local system clock, when the digital signature was applied to the
   content.  The precise definition of the BinarySigningTime attribute
   can be found at [RFC6019].

   Either one of the SigningTime or the BinarySigningTime attributes, or
   both attributes, MUST be present.  If both the SigningTime and



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   BinarySigningTime attributes are present they MUST both represent the
   same underlying time value.

3.1.1.6.5.  signatureAlgorithm

   The signatureAlgorithm MUST conform to the RPKI Algorithms and Key
   Size Profile specification [ID.sidr-rpki-algs].

3.1.1.6.6.  signature

   The signature value is defined as:

             SignatureValue ::= OCTET STRING

   The signature characteristics are defined by the digest and signature
   algorithms.

3.1.1.6.7.  UnsignedAttributes

   unsignedAttrs MUST be omitted.

3.1.2.  CMS Object Validation

   Before a recipient of a CMS signed object can use the content of the
   object, the recipient MUST validate the signed object by verifying
   that all of the following conditions hold.  A recipient may perform
   these checks in any order.

   1.  The CMS object is well formed, such that the signed object syntax
       complies with this specification.  In particular, that each of
       the following is true:

       a.  The contentType of the CMS object is SignedData (OID
           1.2.840.113549.1.7.2)

       b.  The version of the SignedData object is 3.

       c.  The certificates field in the SignedData object is present
           and contains one EE certificate, the SubjectKeyIdentifier
           field of which matches the sid field of the SignerInfo
           object.

       d.  The crls field in the SignedData object is present.








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       e.  The version of the SignerInfo is 3.

       f.  The signedAttrs field in the SignerInfo object is present and
           contains one each of the ContentType attribute (OID
           1.2.840.113549.1.9.3), the MessageDigest attribute (OID
           1.2.840.113549.1.9.4), and either or both of a single
           instance of the SigningTime attribute (OID
           1.2.840.113549.1.9.5) and the BinarySigningTime attribute
           (OID 1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.2.46), and no other attributes.

       g.  The eContentType in the EncapsulatedContentInfo is an OID
           that matches the attrValues in the ContentType attribute.

       h.  The unsignedAttrs field in the SignerInfo object is omitted.

       i.  If both the SigningTime attribute and the BinarySigningTime
           attribute are present, then their values represent the same
           time.

       j.  The digestAlgorithm in the SignedData and SignerInfo objects
           conforms to the RPKI Algorithms and Key Size Profile
           specification [ID.sidr-rpki-algs].

       k.  The signatureAlgorithm in the SignerInfo object conforms to
           the RPKI Algorithms and Key Size Profile specification
           [ID.sidr-rpki-algs].

       l.  The signed object is DER encoded.

   2.  The public key of the EE certificate (contained within the CMS
       signed-data object) can be used to successfully verify the
       signature on the signed object.

   3.  The EE certificate (contained within the CMS signed-data object)
       is a valid EE certificate.  In particular, there exists a valid
       certification path from a trust anchor selected by the recipient
       to this EE certificate.

   4.  The time represented by the SigningTime attribute or the
       BinarySigningTime attribute is greater than or equal to the time
       value passed in previously valid CMS objects that were passed
       from the same originator to this recipient.

3.2.  Common Message format

   The XML template for all messages is as follows:





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   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <message xmlns="http://www.apnic.net/specs/rescerts/up-down/"
            version="1"
            sender="sender name"
            recipient = "recipient name"
            type="message type">

   [payload]

   </message>

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   version:
      the value of this attribute is the version of this protocol.  This
      document describes version 1.

   sender:
      the value of this attribute is the agreed name of the message
      sender, as determined between the client and the server by prior
      arrangement.

   recipient:
      the value of this attribute is the agreed name of the message
      recipient, as determined between the client and the server by
      prior arrangement.

   type:
      the possible values of this attribute are "list", "list_response",
      "issue", "issue_response", "revoke", "revoke_response", and
      "error_response".

   Conforming parsers MUST reject any document with a version number
   they do not understand, or with any elements or attributes they do
   not understand.  Servers must generate an error response when
   receiving such a request.  Clients should generate an operator alert
   error when receiving such a response.

   The encapsulated content of the CMS wrapping is an XML document.  The
   remainder of this protocol specification omits this CMS wrapper and
   only discusses the XML document.

   Messages are checked using the following tests:





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   1.  Check that the CMS is well-formed (see test 1 of Section 3.1.2).

   2.  Check that the XML is well-formed.

   3.  Check that the XML sender and recipient attributes reference a
       known client and this server's system respectively.

   4.  Verify the digital signature using the public key provided in the
       certificate carried in the CMS wrapper (see test 2 of
       Section 3.1.2).

   5.  Validate the CMS-provided certificate using the PKI that has been
       determined by prior arrangement between client and server (see
       test 3 of Section 3.1.2).

   6.  Check that the CMS-signing time is equal to or greater than the
       signing time provided in the most recent previous message that
       this recipient has received from this sender (see test 4 of
       Section 3.1.2).

   7.  Check that the value of the version number of the message is 1.

   These checks SHOULD be applied in the order specified here.

   Any errors encountered while checking items 1 through 7 MUST cause a
   server to generate an "HTTP 400 Bad Data" response to the HTTP POST
   operation.  An error in step 8 MUST cause the server to generate a
   "Request-Not-Performed" error response.  Any errors encountered in
   these tests by a client SHOULD cause the client to generate an
   operator alert.

   A server MAY perform flow control on the rate of processed requests.
   Requests not processed due to such a flow control constraint MAY
   cause the server to generate a "HTTP 503 Service Unavailable"
   response.

3.3.  Control - Resource Class Query

3.3.1.  Resource Class List Query

   The value of the message "type" message attribute for this query is:

      type="list"








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   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:

   [No message payload is defined for this query]

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


3.3.2.  Resource Class List Response

   The value of the message "type" element for this response is:

      type="list_response"

   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:

    <class class_name="class name"
        cert_url="url"
        resource_set_as="as resource set"
        resource_set_ipv4="ipv4 resource set"
        resource_set_ipv6="ipv6 resource set"
        resource_set_notafter="datetime"
        suggested_sia_head="[directory uri]" >
        <certificate cert_url="url"
            req_resource_set_as="as resource set"
            req_resource_set_ipv4="ipv4 resource set"
            req_resource_set_ipv6="ipv6 resource set" >
        [certificate]
        </certificate>

        ...

        (repeated for each current certificate where the client
         is the certificate's subject)

        <issuer>[issuer's certificate]</issuer>
        </class>

    ...

    (repeated for each of the issuer's resource class where the
     client has been allocated resources)


   ---------------------------------------------------------------



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   Where the client has been allocated resources from multiple resource
   classes, then the response will contain multiple class elements,
   corresponding to the complete set of the issuer's resource classes
   where the client holds allocated resources.  Those issuer's resource
   classes where the client holds no allocated resources will not be
   included in the response.

   Where the issuer has issued multiple certificates in a resource class
   signed with different keys (as may occur during a staged issuer-key
   rollover), only the most recent certificate issued with the currently
   "active" issuer's key will be listed in the response.

   Each "class" element describes a set of resources that are certified
   within the scope of a single certificate, referring to a single
   resource class with a common validation path.

   class_name:
      the value of this attribute is the issuer-assigned name of the
      issuer's Resource Class.

   cert_url:
      in the context of a class element, the value of this attribute is
      a pointer to the issuer's CA certificate (i.e. a reference to the
      immediate superior certificate, being the CA-enabled certificate
      where the issuer is the certificate's subject).  Its value is a
      comma-separated list of URIs, of which at least one MUST be an
      RSYNC URI [RFC5781].  Any comma values within a URI MUST be
      escaped ("%2C").  The ordering of the list may be interpreted by
      the client as a relative preference for access methods as
      expressed by the publisher of this certificate.

   resource_set_as:
      in the context of a class element, the value of this attribute is
      the set of AS numbers and AS number ranges that the issuer has
      allocated to the client within the scope of this resource class,
      presented in ASCII as a comma-separated list.  The list elements
      are decimal integer values and ranges of decimal integers
      specified by the low and high value of the range with a hyphen
      delimiter, using the canonical order as described in [RFC3779],
      without leading zeros, and with no white space or punctuation
      other than the comma and the hyphen range designator (e.g.:
      resource_set_as="123,456-789,123456").  If there are no AS numbers
      in this Resource Class the empty set will be represented by a null
      string value ("") for this attribute.







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   resource_set_ipv4:
      in the context of a class element, the value of this attribute is
      the set of IPv4 addresses that the issuer has allocated to the
      client within the scope of this resource class.  The value is
      presented in ASCII as a comma-separated list of elements.  Each
      element is either an address prefix using the notation of <dotted
      quad>/mask length, or a range specified as low and high range
      values in dotted quad notation with a hyphen delimiter.  The list
      is presented in canonical order, as described in [RFC3779].  The
      dotted quad notation is without leading zeros, and the list
      contains no white space or punctuation other than the period,
      forward slash, hyphen and comma. (e.g.
      resource_set_ipv4="192.0.2.0/26,192.0.2.66-192.0.2.76") If there
      are no IPv4 addresses in this resource class the empty set will be
      represented by a null string value ("") for this attribute.

   resource_set_ipv6:
      in the context of a class element, the value of this attribute is
      the set of IPv6 addresses that the issuer has allocated to the
      client within the scope of this resource class.  The value is
      presented in ASCII as a comma-separated list of elements.  Each
      element is either an address prefix using the notation of <hex
      nibble sequence>/mask length, or a range specified as low and high
      range values in hex nibble notation with a hyphen delimiter.
      Trailing zero nibbles are truncated and represented by '::'.  The
      list is presented in canonical order, as described in [RFC3779].
      The hex nibble sequence notation is without leading zeros, and the
      list contains no white space or punctuation other than the colon,
      forward slash, hyphen and comma (e.g. resource_set_ipv6="2001:
      0DB8::/48,2001:0DB8:002::-2001:0DB8:005::").  The XML Schema data
      type is "http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/#hexBinary" and value is
      case insensitive, with the canonical form being upper case.  If
      there are no IPv6 addresses in this resource class the empty set
      will be represented by a null string value ("") for this
      attribute.

   resource_set_notafter:
      The value of this attribute specified the date/time that would be
      set in the Validity notAfter field in any new certificate issued
      for this particular client within the scope of this resource
      class, should the client request a new certificate.  The time
      format used for the value of this attribute is specified as ISO
      8601 [ISO.8601:2004], and MUST use UTC time (i.e.  YYYY-MM-
      DDThh:mm:ssZ, e.g. 2007-11-29T04:40:00Z).  If the client's
      certificate has a validity notAfter time that is different to this
      time then the client SHOULD request a new certificate to be issued
      for this resource class.




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   suggested_sia_head:  (OPTIONAL)
      If this field is present then it's value is a directory URI that
      indicates a repository publication point that the server has made
      available to the client to use for the client's collection of
      published products.  This specification does not encompass the
      protocols that the client may use with the operator of the
      repository publication point in order to publish objects at this
      publication point.

   [issuer's certificate]
      value is the Base64 encoding of the DER-encoded issuer's CA
      certificate (the CA-enabled certificate where the issuer is the
      certificate's subject).

   Each certificate element describes the most recently issued current
   certificate where the certificate's subject refers to the client for
   each active client key pair.  A "current" certificate is a non-
   expired, non-revoked certificate.  If no current certificate has been
   issued, then no certificate element will be included in the response.

   cert_url:
      in the context of a certificate element, this is a pointer to the
      location where the certificate issuer has published this
      certificate.  This field is the issuer's suggestion for the AIA
      field for the subject to use in subordinate certificates that are
      issued by the subject.  According to the Resource Certificate
      Profile [ID.sidr-res-certs] the AIA field is a non-empty (contains
      a minimum of 1 element) list of URI's, one of which MUST be an
      RSYNC URI [RFC5781].  The order of URI's in the AIA field may be
      interpreted as the publisher's relative preference for access
      methods for this certificate.  The cert_url conforms to this AIA
      specification.  Its value is a comma-separated list of URIs, one
      of which MUST be an RSYNC URI.  Any comma values within a URI MUST
      be escaped ("%2C").

   req_resource_set_as:
      the set of AS numbers that were specified in the corresponding
      original certificate request that defined the maximal requested
      span of the certified AS number set, following the syntax
      described above.  If this attribute was present in the certificate
      request, then the attribute MUST be present in this response,
      otherwise it MUST NOT be present.

   req_resource_set_ipv4:
      the set of IPv4 addresses that were specified in the corresponding
      original certificate request that defined the maximal requested
      span of the certified IPv4 address set, following the syntax
      described above.  If this attribute was present in the certificate



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      request, then the attribute MUST be present in this response,
      otherwise it MUST NOT be present.

   req_resource_set_ipv6:
      the set of IPv6 addresses that were specified in the corresponding
      original certificate request that defined the maximal requested
      span of the certified IPv6 address set, following the syntax
      described above.  If this attribute was present in the certificate
      request, then the attribute MUST be present in this response,
      otherwise it MUST NOT be present.

   [certificate]
      value is the Base64 encoding of the DER-encoded certificate.

3.4.  CA - Certificate Issuance

3.4.1.  Certificate Issuance Request

   The value of the message "type" element for this request is:

      type="issue"


   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:

   <request
              class_name="class name"
              req_resource_set_as="as resource set"
              req_resource_set_ipv4="ipv4 resource set"
              req_resource_set_ipv6="ipv6 resource set">
              [Certificate request]
              </request>

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   The client MUST use different key pairs for each distinct resource
   class.

   If any of the req_resource_set attributes are specified in the
   request, then any missing req_resource_set attributes are to be
   interpreted as specifying the complete set of the corresponding
   resource type that match the client's current resource allocation.
   If the value of any req_resource_set attributes is the null value
   (""), then this indicates that no resources of that resource type are
   to be certified with this request.



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   The requested resource set values are held as a local record by the
   issuer against the resource class and the client's public key.  Any
   subsequent Certificate Issuance Requests that specify the same
   Resource Class and the same client's public key will (re)set the
   issuer's local record of the requested resource sets to the most
   recently specified values.

   class_name:
      value is the server's identifier of a Resource Class.

   req_resource_set_as:  (OPTIONAL)
      the set of AS numbers that define the maximal requested span of
      the certified AS number set, formatted as per the resource_set_as
      attribute of the Resource Class List Response.

   req_resource_set_ipv4:  (OPTIONAL)
      the set of IPv4 addresses that define the maximal requested span
      of the certified IPv4 address set, formatted as per the
      resource_set_ipv4 attribute of the Resource Class List Response.

   req_resource_set_ipv6:  (OPTIONAL)
      the set of IPv6 addresses that define the maximal requested span
      of the certified IPv6 address set, formatted as per the
      resource_set_ipv6 attribute of the Resource Class List Response.

   [Certificate request]
      value is the certificate request.  This is a Base-64 encoded DER
      version of a request formatted using PKCS#10 [RFC2986].  The
      certificate request is signed using the private key part of the
      key pair whose public part is the subject key value in the
      certification request.  The signing algorithm is specified
      in[ID.sidr-rpki-algs].  (This signature component is intended to
      demonstrate proof of possession of the private key.)

   The response to this request is a Certificate Issuance Response if
   the request can be processed online.  If the request cannot be
   undertaken immediately then the server MUST response with a Request-
   Not-Performed message, using the appropriate error code.:

   o  If the resource class is not defined by the server, then the
      server SHOULD return error code 1201.

   o  If the client holds no resources in a defined resource class then,
      the server MUST return error code 1202 and not proceed with the
      request.






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   o  If the certificate request payload is badly formed, then the
      server MUST return error code 1203.

   o  If the public key used in the certificate request implies that
      client is attempting to use identical key pairs for multiple
      resource classes, then the server MUST respond with a 1204 error
      code.

   o  If the certificate issuer uses an off-line process to undertake
      certificate issuance, and the server cannot directly respond to
      the certificate issuance request with an issued certificate, then
      the certificate issuer MUST respond to the first instance of this
      request with an error code 1104 to indicate that the request is
      being processed asynchronously.  Subsequent repetitions of this
      request while the off-line actions are being undertaken SHOULD
      cause a response with error code 1101.  In this context, where
      off-line processes are invoked for certificate issuance, if the
      certificate issuer determines in processing the request that the
      issued certificate would be identical in all respects to the most
      recently issued certificate for this client, other than the
      certificate's serial number, were the certificate to be issued,
      the issuer may choose to respond with the most recently issued
      certificate and not initiate an off-line certificate issuance
      request.
         It is noted that a client, when receiving a 1104 response to a
         certificate issuance request MAY periodically resubmit the
         request, in which case the client will receive error code 1101
         response while the request is being processed, and a
         Certificate Issuance Response when the certificate issuance
         process has completed.  In such circumstances a client SHOULD
         limit the frequency of such repeated requests to no more than 1
         request in each 24 hour interval.

3.4.2.  Certificate Issuance Response

   The value of the message "type" element for this response is:

      type="issue_response"













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   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:


    <class class_name="class name"
           cert_url="url"
           resource_set_as="as resource set"
           resource_set_ipv4="ipv4 resource set"
           resource_set_ipv6="ipv6 resource set" >
            <certificate cert_url="url"
                  req_resource_set_as="as resource set"
                  req_resource_set_ipv4="ipv4 resource set"
                  req_resource_set_ipv6="ipv6 resource set" >
            [certificate]
            </certificate>
            <issuer>[issuer's certificate]</issuer>
          </class>

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   If the certificate issuer determines that the issued certificate
   would be identical in all respects to the most recently issued
   certificate for this client, other than the certificate's serial
   number, were the certificate to be issued, the issuer may choose to
   respond with the most recently issued certificate and not issue a new
   certificate for this request.

   The definition of the attributes and syntax of the values is the same
   as the resource class list response, but the response only references
   the (single) named resource class, and the (single) certificate
   issued against the client's public key as provided in the
   corresponding certificate request.

3.5.  Certificate Revocation

3.5.1.  Certificate Revocation Request

   The value of the message "type" element for this request is:

      type="revoke"









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   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:


   <key class_name="class name"
        ski="[encoded hash of the subject public key]" />


   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   This command 'retires' a client's key pair by requesting the issuer
   to revoke all certificates for this client that contain the matching
   public key, within the scope of a named Resource Class.  Individual
   issued certificates cannot be revoked within the scope of this
   protocol.

   This command directs the issuer to immediately mark all issued valid
   certificates issued by this issuer within the named Resource Class
   with this client's SKI value to be marked as revoked, causing the
   issued certificates to be withdrawn from the publication repository
   and to be listed in the server's subsequent CRLs within this Resource
   Class.

   class_name:
      value is the issuer-assigned name of the issuer's Resource Class.

   ski:
      value is the encoded hash of the client's public key that is to be
      revoked.  The algorithm for the encoding is to generate the 160-
      bit SHA-1 hash of the client's public key, as defined in method
      (1) of section 4.2.1.2 of [RFC5280], and encode this value using
      the Base 64 encoding with URL and Filename Safe Alphabet, as
      defined in section 5 of [RFC4648].

3.5.2.  Certificate Revocation Response

   The value of the message "type" element for this response is:

      type="revoke_response"










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   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:


   <key class_name="class name"
        ski="[encoded hash of the subject public key]" />

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   class_name:
      value is the issuer-assigned name of the server's Resource Class.

   ski:
      value is the encoded hash of the client's public key that is to be
      revoked.  The algorithm for the encoding is to generate the 160-
      bit SHA-1 hash of the client's public key, as defined in method
      (1) of section 4.2.1.2 of [RFC5280], and encode this value using
      the Base 64 encoding with URL and Filename Safe Alphabet, as
      defined in section 5 of [RFC4648].

3.6.  Request-Not-Performed Response

   The value of the message "type" element for this response is:

      type="error_response"


   ---------------------------------------------------------------

   Payload:


   <status>[Code]</status>
   <description xml:lang="en-US">[Readable text]</description>

   ---------------------------------------------------------------


   All states where an error response if to be generated, either due to
   detected errors or inconsistencies in the content of the request or
   server-side states that prevent the request being performed, generate
   a Request-Not-Performed response.







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   description:
      value is a text field.  This element MAY be present.  It's value
      has no defined meaning within the scope of this protocol, and
      implementations may assume that some form of human-readable text
      may be used here.  If the HTTP request that triggered this error
      response includes an Accept-Language header as defined in section
      14.4 of the HTTP/1.1 specification [RFC2616] then the server will
      make a best effort to include a second description element using
      the highest ranked preferred language of the client.  The en-US
      description will always be included if the element is present.

   The error code set is:

      Code Value    Description
      1101          already processing request
      1102          version number error
      1103          unrecognised request type
      1104          request scheduled for processing
      1201          request - no such resource class
      1202          request - no resources allocated in resource class
      1203          request - badly formed certificate request
      1204          request - already used key in request
      1301          revoke - no such resource class
      1302          revoke - no such key
      2001          Internal Server Error - Request not performed



4.  Security Considerations

   The intent of this protocol is to define a protocol to support the
   maintenance of Resource Certificates that the Issuer issues for a
   Subject in certifying resources that have been allocated or assigned
   by the Issuer to the Subject [ID.sidr-arch].  This protocol assumes
   that the Issuer and Subject are known to each other and have
   exchanged credentials so as to support the mutual recognition of the
   digital signatures used to sign the CMS messages.  The mechanisms
   used to perform the associated credential exchange are not described
   in this specification.

   The protocol is a minimal query / response protocol, that imposes
   strict serialization on each query / response transaction, reducing
   the potential for the Subject and the Issuer to lose synchronization
   over the issued certificate state.

   The inner protocol elements explicitly reference the intended sender
   and receiver to present an Issuer or an Subject attempting to
   masquerade as another party within the secure channel.



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5.  IANA Considerations

   [Note to IANA, to be removed prior to publication: there are no IANA
   considerations stated in this version of the document.]


6.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to acknowledge the valued contributions from
   Russ Housley, Steve Kent, Randy Bush, George Michaelson, Robert
   Kisteleki and Tim Bruijnzeels in the preparation of the protocol
   described in this document.


7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [ID.sidr-rpki-algs]
              Huston, G., "A Profile for Algorithms and Key Sizes for
              use in the Resource Public Key Infrastructure",
              draft-huston-sidr-rpki-algs-00.txt (work in progress),
              July 2009.

   [ISO.8601:2004]
              ISO, "ISO 8601:2004 Representation of dates and Times",
              2004.

   [RFC2616]  Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H.,
              Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
              Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.

   [RFC2986]  Nystrom, M. and B. Kaliski, "PKCS #10: Certification
              Request Syntax Specification Version 1.7", RFC 2986,
              November 2000.

   [RFC3779]  Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
              Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779, June 2004.

   [RFC4648]  Josefsson, S., "The Base16, Base32, and Base64 Data
              Encodings", RFC 4648, October 2006.

   [RFC5280]  Cooper, D., Santesson, S., Farrell, S., Boeyen, S.,
              Housley, R., and W. Polk, "Internet X.509 Public Key
              Infrastructure Certificate and Certificate Revocation List
              (CRL) Profile", RFC 5280, May 2008.

   [RFC5652]  Housley, R., "Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)",



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              RFC 5652, September 2009.

   [RFC5781]  Weiler, S., Ward, D., and R. Housley, "The rsync URI
              Scheme", RFC 5781, February 2010.

   [RFC6019]  Housley, R., "BinaryTime: An Alternate Format for
              Representing Date and Time in ASN.1", RFC 6019,
              September 2010.

   [X.509-88]
              CCITT, "Recommendation X.509: The Directory -
              Authentication Framework", 1988.

7.2.  Informative References

   [ID.sidr-arch]
              Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support
              Secure Internet Routing", draft-ietf-sidr-arch (work in
              progress), July 2009.

   [ID.sidr-res-certs]
              Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile for
              X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", Work in progress:
              Internet Drafts draft-ietf-sidr-res-certs-16.txt,
              February 2009.


Appendix A.  CMS Signed Object

   The following is the ASN.1 specification of the CMS signed object
   used by the RPKI provisioning protocol.

         ContentInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
           contentType ContentType,
           content [0] EXPLICIT ANY DEFINED BY contentType }

         ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

         id-smime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2) us(840)
                                   rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 16 }

         id-ct OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-smime 1 }

         id-ct-xml OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { id-ct 28 }

         id-ct-xml ::= OCTET STRING -- XML encoded message

         id-signedData OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)



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                            us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs7(7) 2 }

         SignedData ::= SEQUENCE {
           version CMSVersion,
           digestAlgorithms DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers,
           encapContentInfo EncapsulatedContentInfo,
           certificates [0] IMPLICIT CertificateSet OPTIONAL,
           crls [1] IMPLICIT RevocationInfoChoices OPTIONAL,
           signerInfos SignerInfos }

         DigestAlgorithmIdentifiers ::= SET OF DigestAlgorithmIdentifier

         SignerInfos ::= SET OF SignerInfo

         SignerInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
           version CMSVersion,
           sid SignerIdentifier,
           digestAlgorithm DigestAlgorithmIdentifier,
           signedAttrs [0] IMPLICIT SignedAttributes OPTIONAL,
           signatureAlgorithm SignatureAlgorithmIdentifier,
           signature SignatureValue,
           unsignedAttrs [1] IMPLICIT UnsignedAttributes OPTIONAL }

         SignerIdentifier ::= CHOICE {
           issuerAndSerialNumber IssuerAndSerialNumber,
           subjectKeyIdentifier [0] SubjectKeyIdentifier }

         SignedAttributes ::= SET SIZE (1..MAX) OF Attribute

         Attribute ::= SEQUENCE {
           attrType OBJECT IDENTIFIER,
           attrValues SET OF AttributeValue }

         AttributeValue ::= ANY

         SignatureValue ::= OCTET STRING

         id-contentType OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 3 }

         ContentType ::= OBJECT IDENTIFIER

         id-messageDigest OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)
             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 4 }

         MessageDigest ::= OCTET STRING

         id-signingTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1) member-body(2)



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             us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9) 5 }

         SigningTime ::= Time

         Time ::= CHOICE {
           utcTime UTCTime,
           generalizedTime GeneralizedTime }

         id-aa-binarySigningTime OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { iso(1)
             member-body(2) us(840) rsadsi(113549) pkcs(1) pkcs9(9)
             smime(16) aa(2) 46 }

         BinarySigningTime ::= BinaryTime

         BinaryTime ::= INTEGER (0..MAX)


Appendix B.  XML Schema

   The following is a RelaxNG compact form schema describing the Issuer-
   Subject Protocol, version 1.

      Note: "The namespace name, to serve its intended purpose, SHOULD
      have the characteristics of uniqueness and persistence.  It is not
      a goal that it be directly usable for retrieval of a schema (if
      any exists)."  ["Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)", W3C
      Recommendation 8 December 2009,
      http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/REC-xml-names-20091208/]


   default namespace = "http://www.apnic.net/specs/rescerts/up-down/"

     grammar {
       start = element message {
         attribute version { xsd:positiveInteger { maxInclusive="1" } },
         attribute sender { xsd:token { maxLength="1024" } },
         attribute recipient { xsd:token { maxLength="1024" } },
         payload
       }

       payload |= attribute type { "list" }, list_request
       payload |= attribute type { "list_response"}, list_response
       payload |= attribute type { "issue" }, issue_request
       payload |= attribute type { "issue_response"}, issue_response
       payload |= attribute type { "revoke" }, revoke_request
       payload |= attribute type { "revoke_response"}, revoke_response
       payload |= attribute type { "error_response"}, error_response




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       list_request = empty
       list_response = class*

       class = element class {
         attribute class_name { xsd:token { maxLength="1024" } },
         attribute cert_url { xsd:string { maxLength="4096" } },
         attribute resource_set_as { xsd:string { maxLength="512000"
           pattern="[\-,0-9]*" } },
         attribute resource_set_ipv4 { xsd:string { maxLength="512000"
           pattern="[\-,/.0-9]*" } },
         attribute resource_set_ipv6 { xsd:string { maxLength="512000"
           pattern="[\-,/:0-9a-fA-F]*" } },
         attribute resource_set_notafter { xsd:dateTime },
         attribute suggested_sia_head { xsd:anyURI { maxLength="1024"
           pattern="rsync://.+"} }?,
         element certificate {
           attribute cert_url { xsd:string { maxLength="4096" } },
           attribute req_resource_set_as { xsd:string {
             maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,0-9]*" } }?,
           attribute req_resource_set_ipv4 { xsd:string {
             maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,/.0-9]*" } }?,
           attribute req_resource_set_ipv6 { xsd:string {
             maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,/:0-9a-fA-F]*" } }?,
           xsd:base64Binary { maxLength="512000" }
         }*,
         element issuer { xsd:base64Binary { maxLength="512000" } }
       }

       issue_request = element request {
         attribute class_name { xsd:token { maxLength="1024" } },
         attribute req_resource_set_as { xsd:string {
           maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,0-9]*" } }?,
         attribute req_resource_set_ipv4 { xsd:string {
           maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,/.0-9]*" } }?,
         attribute req_resource_set_ipv6 { xsd:string {
           maxLength="512000" pattern="[\-,/:0-9a-fA-F]*" } }?,
         xsd:base64Binary { maxLength="512000"
         }
       }
       issue_response = class

       revoke_request = revocation

       revoke_response =
         revocation

       revocation = element key { attribute class_name { xsd:token {
         maxLength="1024" } }, attribute ski {



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           xsd:token { maxLength="1024" } }
         }

       error_response =
         element status { xsd:positiveInteger {
           maxInclusive="999999999999999" }
         },
         element description { attribute xml:lang { xsd:language },
           xsd:string { maxLength="1024" }
         }?
     }



Authors' Addresses

   Geoff Huston
   APNIC

   Email: gih@apnic.net
   URI:   http://www.apnic.net


   Robert Loomans
   APNIC

   Email: robertl@apnic.net
   URI:   http://www.apnic.net


   Byron Ellacott
   APNIC

   Email: bje@apnic.net
   URI:   http://www.apnic.net


   Rob Austein
   Internet Systems Consortium

   Email: sra@isc.org










Huston, et al.           Expires April 18, 2011                [Page 30]