Network Working Group                                   B. Campbell, Ed.
Internet-Draft                                          Estacado Systems
Expires: December 26, 2006                                  R. Mahy, Ed.
                                                             Plantronics
                                                        C. Jennings, Ed.
                                                     Cisco Systems, Inc.
                                                           June 24, 2006


                   The Message Session Relay Protocol
                 draft-ietf-simple-message-sessions-15

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   This Internet-Draft will expire on December 26, 2006.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document describes the Message Session Relay Protocol, a
   protocol for transmitting a series of related instant messages in the
   context of a session.  Message sessions are treated like any other
   media stream when set up via a rendezvous or session creation
   protocol such as the Session Initiation Protocol.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   2.  Conventions  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   3.  Applicability of MSRP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  Protocol Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
   5.  Key Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.1.   MSRP Framing and Message Chunking . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     5.2.   MSRP Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.3.   MSRP Transaction and Report Model . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
     5.4.   MSRP Connection Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   6.  MSRP URLs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     6.1.   MSRP URL Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     6.2.   Resolving MSRP Host Device  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   7.  Method-Specific Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
     7.1.   Constructing Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
       7.1.1.  Sending SEND Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       7.1.2.  Sending REPORT Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       7.1.3.  Generating Success Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       7.1.4.  Generating Failure Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
     7.2.   Constructing Responses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     7.3.   Receiving Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       7.3.1.  Receiving SEND Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
       7.3.2.  Receiving REPORT Requests  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   8.  Using MSRP with SIP and SDP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     8.1.   SDP Connection and Media Lines  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     8.2.   URL Negotiations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
     8.3.   Path Attributes with Multiple URLs  . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     8.4.   Updated SDP Offers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     8.5.   Connection Negotiation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     8.6.   Content Type Negotiation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
     8.7.   Example SDP Exchange  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
     8.8.   MSRP User Experience with SIP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
     8.9.   SDP direction attribute and MSRP  . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
   9.  Formal Syntax  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
   10. Response Code Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
     10.1.  200 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
     10.2.  400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.3.  403 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.4.  408 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.5.  413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.6.  415 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.7.  423 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.8.  481 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
     10.9.  501 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
     10.10. 506 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
   11. Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
     11.1.  Basic IM Session  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38



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     11.2.  Message with XHTML Content  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     11.3.  Chunked Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     11.4.  System Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
     11.5.  Positive Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
     11.6.  Forked IM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
   12. Extensibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   13. CPIM Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
   14. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
     14.1.  Transport Level Protection  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
     14.2.  S/MIME  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
     14.3.  Using TLS in Peer to Peer Mode  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
     14.4.  Other Security Concerns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
   15. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
     15.1.  MSRP Method Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
     15.2.  MSRP Header Fields  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
     15.3.  MSRP Status Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
     15.4.  MSRP Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     15.5.  MSRP URL Schemes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     15.6.  SDP Transport Protocol  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
     15.7.  SDP Attribute Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
       15.7.1. Accept Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
       15.7.2. Wrapped Types  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       15.7.3. Max Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
       15.7.4. Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
   16. Contributors and Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
   17. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     17.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
     17.2.  Informational References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
   Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . . . . 59





















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1.  Introduction

   A series of related instant messages between two or more parties can
   be viewed as part of a "message session", that is, a conversational
   exchange of messages with a definite beginning and end.  This is in
   contrast to individual messages each sent independently.  Messaging
   schemes that track only individual messages can be described as
   "page-mode" messaging, whereas messaging that is part of a "session"
   with a definite start and end is called "session-mode" messaging.

   Page-mode messaging is enabled in SIP via the SIP [4] MESSAGE method
   [21].  Session-mode messaging has a number of benefits over page-mode
   messaging, however, such as explicit rendezvous, tighter integration
   with other media types, direct client-to-client operation, and
   brokered privacy and security.

   This document defines a session-oriented instant message transport
   protocol called the Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP), whose
   sessions can be negotiated with an offer or answer [3] using the
   Session Description Protocol(SDP [2]).  The exchange is carried by
   some signaling protocol, such as the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP
   [4]).  This allows a communication user agent to offer a messaging
   session as one of the possible media types in a session.  For
   instance, Alice may want to communicate with Bob. Alice doesn't know
   at the moment whether Bob has his phone or his IM client handy, but
   she's willing to use either.  She sends an invitation to a session to
   the address of record she has for Bob, sip:bob@example.com.  Her
   invitation offers both voice and an IM session.  The SIP services at
   example.com forward the invitation to Bob at his currently registered
   clients.  Bob accepts the invitation at his IM client and they begin
   a threaded chat conversation.

   When a user uses an IM URL, RFC 3861 [31] defines how DNS can be used
   to map this to a particular protocol to establish the session such as
   SIP.  SIP can use an offer answer model to transport the MSRP URLs
   for the media in SDP.  This document defines how the offer/answer
   exchange works to establish MSRP connections and how messages are
   sent across the MSRP protocol, but it does not deal with the issues
   of mapping an IM URL to a session establishment protocol.

   This session model allows message sessions to be integrated into
   advanced communications applications with little to no additional
   protocol development.  For example, during the above chat session,
   Bob decides Alice really needs to be talking to Carol.  Bob can
   transfer [20] Alice to Carol, introducing them into their own
   messaging session.  Messaging sessions can then be easily integrated
   into call-center and dispatch environments using third-party call
   control [19] and conferencing [18] applications.



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   This document specifies MSRP behavior only for peer-to-peer sessions,
   that is, sessions crossing only a single hop.  MSRP relay devices
   [22] (referred to herein as "relays") are specified in a separate
   document.


2.  Conventions

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
   document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119 [5].

   This document consistently refers to a "message" as a complete unit
   of MIME or text content.  In some cases, a message is split and
   delivered in more than one MSRP request.  Each of these portions of
   the complete message is called a "chunk".


3.  Applicability of MSRP

   MSRP is not designed for use as a standalone protocol.  MSRP MUST be
   used only in the context of a rendezvous mechanism meeting the
   following requirements:

      The rendezvous mechanism MUST provide both MSRP URLs associated
      with an MSRP session to each of the participating endpoints.  The
      rendezvous mechanism MUST implement mechanisms to protect the
      confidentiality of these URLs - they MUST NOT be made available to
      an untrusted third party or be easily discoverable.

      The rendezvous mechanism MUST provide mechanisms for the
      negotiation of any supported MSRP extensions that are not
      backwards compatible.

      The rendezvous mechanism MUST be able to natively transport im:
      URIs or automatically translate im: URIs [26] into the addressing
      identifiers of the rendezvous protocol.

   To use a rendezvous mechanism with MSRP, an RFC MUST be prepared
   describing how it exchanges MSRP URLs and meets these requirements
   listed here.  This document provides such a description for the use
   of MSRP in the context of SIP and SDP.

   SIP meets these requirements for a rendezvous mechanism.  The MSRP
   URLs are exchanged using SDP in an offer/answer exchange via SIP.
   The exchanged SDP can also be used to negotiate MSRP extensions.
   This SDP can be secured using any of the mechanisms available in SIP,
   including using the sips mechanism to ensure transport security



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   across intermediaries and S/MIME for end-to-end protection of the SDP
   body.  SIP can carry arbitrary URIs (including im: URIs) in the
   Request-URI, and procedures are available to map im: URIs to sip: or
   sips: URIs.  It is expected that initial deployments of MSRP will use
   SIP as its rendezvous mechanism.


4.  Protocol Overview

   MSRP is a text-based, connection-oriented protocol for exchanging
   arbitrary (binary) MIME[8] content, especially instant messages.
   This section is a non-normative overview of how MSRP works and how it
   is used with SIP.

   MSRP sessions are typically arranged using SIP the same way a session
   of audio or video media is set up.  One SIP user agent (Alice) sends
   the other (Bob) a SIP invitation containing an offered session-
   description which includes a session of MSRP.  The receiving SIP user
   agent can accept the invitation and include an answer session-
   description which acknowledges the choice of media.  Alice's session
   description contains an MSRP URL that describes where she is willing
   to receive MSRP requests from Bob, and vice-versa.  (Note: Some lines
   in the examples are removed for clarity and brevity.)




























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       Alice sends to Bob:

   INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com SIP/2.0
   To: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
   From: <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=786
   Call-ID: 3413an89KU
   Content-Type: application/sdp

   c=IN IP4 atlanta.example.com
   m=message 7654 TCP/MSRP *
   a=accept-types:text/plain
   a=path:msrp://atlanta.example.com:7654/jshA7we;tcp

       Bob sends to Alice:

   SIP/2.0 200 OK
   To: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=087js
   From: <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=786
   Call-ID: 3413an89KU
   Content-Type: application/sdp

   c=IN IP4 biloxi.example.com
   m=message 12763 TCP/MSRP *
   a=accept-types:text/plain
   a=path:msrp://biloxi.example.com:12763/kjhd37s2s2;tcp

       Alice sends to Bob:

   ACK sip:bob@biloxi SIP/2.0
   To: <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>;tag=087js
   From: <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=786
   Call-ID: 3413an89KU

   MSRP defines two request types, or methods.  SEND requests are used
   to deliver a complete message or a chunk (a portion of a complete
   message), while REPORT requests report on the status of a previously
   sent message, or a range of bytes inside a message.  When Alice
   receives Bob's answer, she checks to see if she has an existing
   connection to Bob. If not, she opens a new connection to Bob using
   the URL he provided in the SDP.  Alice then delivers a SEND request
   to Bob with her initial message, and Bob replies indicating that
   Alice's request was received successfully.









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   MSRP a786hjs2 SEND
   To-Path: msrp://biloxi.example.com:12763/kjhd37s2s2;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://atlanta.example.com:7654/jshA7we;tcp
   Message-ID: 87652
   Byte-Range: 1-25/25
   Content-Type: text/plain

   Hey Bob, are you there?
   -------a786hjs2$

   MSRP a786hjs2 200 OK
   To-Path: msrp://atlanta.example.com:7654/jshA7we;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://biloxi.example.com:12763/kjhd37s2s2;tcp
   Byte-Range: 1-25/25
   -------a786hjs2$


   Alice's request begins with the MSRP start line, which contains a
   transaction identifier that is also used for request framing.  Next
   she includes the path of URLs to the destination in the To-Path
   header field, and her own URL in the From-Path header field.  In this
   typical case there is just one "hop", so there is only one URL in
   each path header field.  She also includes a message ID which she can
   use to correlate status reports with the original message.  Next she
   puts the actual content.  Finally she closes the request with an end-
   line of seven hyphens, the transaction identifier and a "$" to
   indicate this request contains the end of a complete message.

   If Alice wants to deliver a very large message, she can split the
   message into chunks and deliver each chunk in a separate SEND
   request.  The message ID corresponds to the whole message, so the
   receiver can also use it to reassemble the message and tell which
   chunks belong with which message.  Chunking is described in more
   detail in Section 5.1.  The Byte-Range header field identifies the
   portion of the message carried in this chunk and the total size of
   the message.

   Alice can also specify what type of reporting she would like in
   response to her request.  If Alice requests positive acknowledgments,
   Bob sends a REPORT request to Alice confirming the delivery of her
   complete message.  This is especially useful if Alice sent a series
   of SEND request containing chunks of a single message.  More on
   requesting types of reports and errors is described in Section 5.3.

   Alice and Bob generally choose their MSRP URLs in such a way that is
   difficult to guess the exact URL.  Alice and Bob can reject requests
   to URLs they are not expecting to service, and can correlate the
   specific URL with the probable sender.  Alice and Bob can also use



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   TLS [1] to provide channel security over this hop.  To receive MSRP
   requests over a TLS protected connection, Alice or Bob could
   advertise URLs with the "msrps" scheme instead of "msrp."

   MSRP is designed with the expectation that MSRP can carry URLs for
   nodes on the far side of relays.  For this reason, a URL with the
   "msrps" scheme makes no assertion about the security properties of
   other hops, just the next hop.  The user agent knows the URL for each
   hop, so it can verify that each URL has the desired security
   properties.

   MSRP URLs are discussed in more detail in Section 6.

   An adjacent pair of busy MSRP nodes (for example two relays) can
   easily have several sessions, and exchange traffic for several
   simultaneous users.  The nodes can use existing connections to carry
   new traffic with the same destination host, port, transport protocol,
   and scheme.  MSRP nodes can keep track of how many sessions are using
   a particular connection and close these connections when no sessions
   have used them for some period of time.  Connection management is
   discussed in more detail in Section 5.4.


5.  Key Concepts

5.1.  MSRP Framing and Message Chunking

   Messages sent using MSRP can be very large and can be delivered in
   several SEND requests, where each SEND request contains one chunk of
   the overall message.  Long chunks may be interrupted in mid-
   transmission to ensure fairness across shared transport connections.
   To support this, MSRP uses a boundary-based framing mechanism.  The
   start line of an MSRP request contains a unique identifier that is
   also used to indicate the end of the request.  Included at the end of
   the end-line, there is a flag that indicates whether this is the last
   chunk of data for this message or whether the message will be
   continued in a subsequent chunk.  There is also a Byte-Range header
   field in the request that indicates that the overall position of this
   chunk inside the complete message.

   For example, the following snippet of two SEND requests demonstrates
   a message that contains the text "abcdEFGH" being sent as two chunks.









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    MSRP dkei38sd SEND
    Message-ID: 456
    Byte-Range: 1-4/8
    Content-Type: text/plain

    abcd
    -------dkei38sd+

    MSRP dkei38ia SEND
    Message-ID: 456
    Byte-Range: 5-8/8
    Content-Type: text/plain

    EFGH
    -------dkei38ia$

   This chunking mechanism allows a sender to interrupt a chunk part of
   the way through sending it.  The ability to interrupt messages allows
   multiple sessions to share a TCP connection, and for large messages
   to be sent efficiently while not blocking other messages that share
   the same connection, or even the same MSRP session.  Any chunk that
   is larger than 2048 octets MUST be interruptible.  While MSRP would
   be simpler to implement if each MSRP session used its own TCP
   connection, there are compelling reasons to conserve connection.  For
   example, the TCP peer may be a relay device that connects to many
   other peers.  Such a device will scale better if each peer does not
   create a large number of connections.

   The chunking mechanism only applies to the SEND method, as it is the
   only method used to transfer message content.

5.2.  MSRP Addressing

   MSRP entities are addressed using URLs.  The MSRP URL schemes are
   defined in Section 6.  The syntax of the To-Path and From-Path header
   fields each allow for a list of URLs.  This was done to allow the
   protocol to work with relays, which are defined in a separate
   document, to provide a complete path to the end recipient.  When two
   MSRP nodes communicate directly they need only one URL in the To-Path
   list and one URL in the From-Path list.

5.3.  MSRP Transaction and Report Model

   A sender sends MSRP requests to a receiver.  The receiver MUST
   quickly accept or reject the request.  If the receiver initially
   accepted the request, it still may then do things that take
   significant time to succeed or fail.  For example, if the receiver is
   an MSRP to XMPP [29] gateway, it may forward the message over XMPP.



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   The XMPP side may later indicate that the request did not work.  At
   this point, the MSRP receiver may need to indicate that the request
   did not succeed.  There are two important concepts here: first, the
   hop by hop delivery of the request may succeed or fail; second, the
   end result of the request may be successfully processed or not.  The
   first type of status is referred to as "transaction status" and may
   be returned in response to a request.  The second type of status is
   referred to as "delivery status" and may be returned in a REPORT
   transaction.

   The original sender of a request can indicate if they wish to receive
   reports for requests that fail, and can independently indicate if
   they wish to receive reports for requests that succeed.  A receiver
   only sends a success REPORT if it knows that the request was
   successfully delivered, and the sender requested a success report.  A
   receiver only sends a failure REPORT if the request failed to be
   delivered and the sender requested failure reports.

      This document describes the behavior of MSRP endpoints.  MSRP
      relays will introduce additional conditions that indicate a
      failure REPORT should be sent, such as the failure to receive a
      positive response from the next hop.

   Two header fields control the sender's desire to receive reports.
   The header field "Success-Report" can have a value of "yes" or "no"
   and the "Failure-Report" header field can have a value of "yes",
   "no", or "partial".

   The combinations of reporting are needed to meet the various
   scenarios of currently deployed IM systems.  Success-Report might be
   "no" in many public systems to reduce load but might be "yes" in
   certain enterprise systems, such as systems used for securities
   trading.  A Failure-Report value of "no" is useful for sending system
   messages such as "the system is going down in 5 minutes" without
   causing a response explosion to the sender.  A Failure-Report of
   "yes" is used by many systems that wish to notify the user if the
   message failed.  A Failure-Report of "partial" is a way to report
   errors other than timeouts.  The timeout error reporting requires the
   sending hop to run a timer and the receiving hop to send an
   acknowledgment to stop the timer.  Some systems don't want the
   overhead of doing this.  "Partial" allows them to choose not to do
   so, but still allows error responses to be sent in many cases.

      The term "partial" denotes the fact that the hop-by-hop
      acknowledgment mechanism that would be required if with a Failure-
      Report value of "yes" is not invoked.  Thus, each device uses only
      "part" of the set of error detection tools available to them.
      This allows a compromise between no reporting of failures at all,



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      and reporting every possible failure.  For example, with
      "partial", an sending device does not have to keep transaction
      state around waiting for a positive acknowledgment.  But it still
      allows devices to report other types of errors.  The receiving
      device could still report a policy violation such as an
      unacceptable content-type, or an ICMP error trying to connect to a
      downstream device.

5.4.  MSRP Connection Model

   When an MSRP endpoint wishes to send a request to a peer identified
   by an MSRP URL, it first needs a transport connection, with the
   appropriate security properties, to the host specified in the URL.
   If the sender already has such a connection, that is, one associated
   with the same host, port, and URL scheme, then it SHOULD reuse that
   connection.

   When a new MSRP session is created, the initiating endpoint MUST act
   as the "active" endpoint, meaning that it is responsible for opening
   the transport connection to the answerer, if a new connection is
   required.  However, this requirement MAY be weakened if standardized
   mechanisms for negotiating the connection direction become available,
   and is implemented by both parties to the connection.

   Likewise, the active endpoint MUST immediately issue a SEND request.
   This initial SEND request MAY have a body if the sender has content
   to send, or it MAY have no body at all.

      The first SEND request serves to bind a connection to an MSRP
      session from the perspective of the passive endpoint.  If the
      connection is not authenticated with TLS, and the active endpoint
      did not send an immediate request, the passive endpoint would have
      no way to determine who had connected, and would not be able to
      safely send any requests towards the active party until after the
      active party sends its first request.

   When an element needs to form a new connection, it looks at the URL
   to decide on the type of connection (TLS, TCP, etc.) then connects to
   the host indicated by the URL, following the URL resolution rules in
   Section 6.2.  Connections using the "msrps" scheme MUST use TLS.  The
   SubjectAltName in the received certificate MUST match the hostname
   part of the URL and the certificate MUST be valid, including having a
   date that is valid and being signed by an acceptable certificate
   authority.  At this point the device that initiated the connection
   can assume that this connection is with the correct host.

   The rules on certificate name matching and CA signing MAY be relaxed
   when using TLS peer-to-peer.  In this case, a mechanism to ensure



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   that the peer used a correct certificate MUST be used.  See
   Section 14.3 for details.

   If the connection used mutual TLS authentication, and the TLS client
   presented a valid certificate, then the element accepting the
   connection can immediately know the identity of the connecting host.
   When mutual TLS authentication is not used, the listening device MUST
   wait until it receives a request on the connection, at which time it
   infers the identity of the connecting device from the associated
   session description.

   When the first request arrives, its To-Path header field should
   contain a URL that the listening element provided in the SDP for a
   session.  The element that accepted the connection looks up the URL
   in the received request, and determines which session it matches.  If
   a match exists, the node MUST assume that the host that formed the
   connection is the host to which this URL was given.  If no match
   exists, the node MUST reject the request with a 481 response.  The
   node MUST also check to make sure the session is not already in use
   on another connection.  If the session is already in use, it MUST
   reject the request with a 506 response.

      If it were legal to have multiple connections associated with the
      same session, a security problem would exist.  If the initial SEND
      request is not protected, an eavesdropper might learn the URL, and
      use it to insert messages into the session via a different
      connection.

   If a connection fails for any reason, then an MSRP endpoint MUST
   consider any sessions associated with the connection as also having
   failed.  When either endpoint notices such a failure, it MAY attempt
   to re-create any such sessions.  If it chooses to do so, it MUST use
   a new SDP exchange, for example, in a SIP re-INVITE.  If a
   replacement session is successfully created, endpoints MAY attempt to
   resend any content for which delivery on the original session could
   not be confirmed.  If it does this, the Message-ID values for the
   resent messages MUST match those used in the initial attempts.  If
   the receiving endpoint receives more than one message with the same
   Message-ID, it SHOULD assume that the messages are duplicates.  The
   specific action that an endpoint takes when it receives a duplicate
   message is a matter of local policy, except that it SHOULD NOT
   present the duplicate messages to the user without warning of the
   duplication.  Note that acknowledgments as needed based on the
   Failure-Report and Success-Report settings are still necessary even
   for requests containing duplicate content.

   When endpoints create a new session in this fashion, the chunks for a
   given logical message MAY be split across the sessions.  However,



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   endpoints SHOULD NOT split chunks between sessions under non-failure
   circumstances.

   If an endpoint attempts to re-create a failed session in this manner,
   it MUST NOT assume that the MSRP URLs in the SDP will be the same as
   the old ones.

   A connection SHOULD NOT be closed while there are sessions associated
   with it.


6.  MSRP URLs

   URLs using the "msrp" and "msrps" schema are used to identify a
   session of instant messages at a particular MSRP device.  MSRP URLs
   are ephemeral; an MSRP device will generally use a different MSRP URL
   for each distinct session.  An MSRP URL generally has no meaning
   outside of the associated session.

   An MSRP URL follows a subset of the URL syntax in Appendix A of
   RFC3986 [10], with a scheme of "msrp" or "msrps".  The syntax is
   described in Section 9.

   The constructions for "userinfo", and "unreserved" are detailed in
   RFC3986 [10].  In order to allow IPV6 addressing, the construction
   for hostport is that used for SIP in RFC3261.  URLs designating MSRP
   over TCP MUST include the "tcp" transport parameter.

      Since this document only specifies MSRP over TCP, all MSRP URLs
      herein use the "tcp" transport parameter.  Documents that provide
      bindings on other transports should define respective parameters
      for those transports.

   An MSRP URL hostport field identifies a participant in a particular
   MSRP session.  If the hostport contains a numeric IP address, it MUST
   also contain a port.  The session-id part identifies a particular
   session of the participant.  The absence of the session-id part
   indicates a reference to an MSRP host device, but does not
   specifically refer to a particular session.

   A scheme of "msrps" indicates that the underlying connection MUST be
   protected with TLS.

   MSRP has an IANA-registered recommended port defined in Section 15.4.
   This value is not a default, as the URL negotiation process described
   herein will always include explicit port numbers.  However, the URLs
   SHOULD be configured so that the recommended port is used whenever
   appropriate.  This makes life easier for network administrators who



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   need to manage firewall policy for MSRP.

   The hostport will typically not contain a userinfo component, but MAY
   do so to indicate a user account for which the session is valid.
   Note that this is not the same thing as identifying the session
   itself.  If a userinfo component exists, it MUST be constructed only
   from "unreserved" characters, to avoid a need for escape processing.
   Escaping MUST NOT be used in an MSRP URL.  Furthermore, a userinfo
   part MUST NOT contain password information.

      The limitation of userinfo to unreserved characters is an
      additional restriction to the userinfo definition in RFC3986.
      That version allows reserved characters.  The additional
      restriction is to avoid the need for escaping.

   The following is an example of a typical MSRP URL:

      msrp://host.example.com:8493/asfd34;tcp

6.1.  MSRP URL Comparison

   MSRP URL comparisons MUST be performed according to the following
   rules:

   1.  The scheme MUST match.  Scheme comparison is case insensitive.

   2.  If the hostpart contains an explicit IP address, and/or port,
       these are compared for address and port equivalence.  Otherwise,
       hostpart is compared as a case insensitive character string.

   3.  If the port exists explicitly in either URL, then it MUST match
       exactly.  A URL with an explicit port is never equivalent to
       another with no port specified.

   4.  The session-id part is compared as case sensitive.  A URL without
       a session-id part is never equivalent to one that includes one.

   5.  URLs with different "transport" parameters never match.  Two URLs
       that are identical except for transport are not equivalent.  The
       transport parameter is case-insensitive.

   6.  Userinfo parts are not considered for URL comparison.

   Path normalization is not relevant for MSRP URLs.  Escape
   normalization is not required due to character restrictions in the
   formal syntax.





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6.2.  Resolving MSRP Host Device

   An MSRP host device is identified by the hostport of an MSRP URL.

   If the hostport contains a numeric IP address and port, they MUST be
   used as listed.

   If the hostport contains a host name and a port, the connecting
   device MUST determine a host address by doing an A or AAAA DNS query,
   and use the port as listed.

   If a connection attempt fails, the device SHOULD attempt to connect
   to the addresses returned in any additional A or AAAA records, in the
   order the records were presented.

      This process assumes that the connection port is always known
      prior to resolution.  This is always true for the MSRP URL uses
      described in this document, that is, URLs exchanged in the SDP
      offer and answer.  The introduction of relays may create
      situations where this is not the case.  For example, the MSRP URL
      that a user enters into a client to configure it to use a relay
      may be intended to be easily remembered and communicated by
      humans, and therefore is likely to omit the port.  Therefore, the
      relay specification [22] may describe additional steps to resolve
      the port number.

   MSRP devices MAY use other methods for discovering other such
   devices, when appropriate.  For example, MSRP endpoints may use other
   mechanisms to discover relays, which are beyond the scope of this
   document.


7.  Method-Specific Behavior

7.1.  Constructing Requests

   To form a new request, the sender creates a unique transaction
   identifier and uses this and the method name to create an MSRP
   request start line.  Next, the sender places the target URL in a To-
   Path header field, and the sender's URL in a From-Path header field.
   If multiple URLs are present in the To-Path, the leftmost is the
   first URL visited; the rightmost URL is the last URL visited.  The
   processing then becomes method specific.  Additional method-specific
   header fields are added as described in the following sections.

   After any method-specific header fields are added, processing
   continues to handle a body, if present.  If the request has a body,
   it MUST contain a Content-Type header field.  It may contain other



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   MIME-specific header fields.  The Content-Type header field MUST be
   the last field in the message header section.  The body MUST be
   separated from the header fields with an extra CRLF.

   Non-SEND requests are not intended to carry message content, and are
   therefore not interruptible.  Non-SEND request bodies MUST NOT be
   larger than 10240 octets.

      Although this document does not discuss any particular usage of
      bodies in non-SEND requests, they may be useful in the future for
      carrying security or identity information, information about a
      message in progress, etc.  The 10K size limit was chosen to be
      large enough for most of such applications, but small enough to
      avoid the fairness issues caused by sending arbitrarily large
      content in non-interruptible method bodies.

   A request with no body MUST NOT include a Content-Type header field.
   Note that, if no body is present, no extra CRLF will be present
   between the header section and the end-line.

      Requests with no bodies are useful when a client wishes to send
      "traffic", but does not wish to send content to be rendered to the
      peer user.  For example, the active endpoint sends a SEND request
      immediately upon establishing a connection.  If it has nothing to
      say at the moment, it can send a request with no body.  Bodiless
      requests may also be used in certain applications to keep NAT
      bindings alive, etc.
      Bodiless requests are distinct from requests with empty bodies.  A
      request with an empty body will have a Content-Type header field
      value, and will generally be rendered to the recipient according
      to the rules for that type.

   The end-line that terminates the request MUST be composed of seven
   "-" (minus sign) characters, the transaction ID as used in the start
   line, and a flag character.  If a body is present, the end-line MUST
   be preceded by a CRLF that is not part of the body.  If the chunk
   represents the data that forms the end of the complete message, the
   flag value MUST be a "$".  If the sender is aborting an incomplete
   message, and intends to send no further chunks in that message, it
   MUST be a "#".  Otherwise it MUST be a "+".

   If the request contains a body, the sender MUST ensure that the end-
   line (seven hyphens, the transaction identifier, and a continuation
   flag) is not present in the body.  If the end-line is present in the
   body, the sender MUST choose a new transaction identifier that is not
   present in the body, and add a CRLF if needed, and the end-line,
   including the "$", "#", or "+" character.




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   Some implementations may choose to scan for the closing sequence as
   they send the body, and if it is encountered, simply interrupt the
   chunk at that point and start a new transaction with a different
   transaction identifier to carry the rest of the body.  Other
   implementation may choose to scan the data an ensure that the body
   does not contain the transaction identifier before they start sending
   the transaction.

   Finally, requests which have no body MUST NOT contain a Content-Type
   header field or any other MIME-specific header field.  Requests
   without bodies MUST contain a end-line after the final header field.

   Once a request is ready for delivery, the sender follows the
   connection management (Section 5.4) rules to forward the request over
   an existing open connection or create a new connection.

7.1.1.  Sending SEND Requests

   When an endpoint has a message to deliver, it first generates a new
   Message-ID.  This ID MUST be globally unique.  If necessary, it
   breaks the message into chunks.  It then generates a SEND request for
   each chunk, following the procedures for constructing requests
   (Section 7.1).

      The Message-ID header field provides a globally unique message
      identifier that refers to a particular version of a particular
      message.  The term "Message" in this context refers to a unit of
      content that the sender wishes to convey to the recipient.  While
      such a message may be broken into chunks, the Message-ID refers to
      the entire message, not a chunk of the message.
      The uniqueness of the message identifier is guaranteed by the host
      that generates it.  This message identifier is intended to be
      machine readable and not necessarily meaningful to humans.  A
      message identifier pertains to exactly one version of a particular
      message; subsequent revisions to the message each receive new
      message identifiers.

   Each chunk of a message MUST contain a Message-ID header field
   containing the Message-ID.  If the sender wishes non-default status
   reporting, it MUST insert a Failure-Report and/or Success-Report
   header field with an appropriate value.  All chunks of the same
   message MUST use the same Failure-Report and Success-Report values in
   their SEND requests.

   If success reports are requested, i.e. the value of the Success-
   Report header field is "yes", the sending device MAY wish to run a
   timer of some value that makes sense for its application and take
   action if a success report is not received in this time.  There is no



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   universal value for this timer.  For many IM applications, it may be
   2 minutes while for some trading systems it may be under a second.
   Regardless of whether such a timer is used, if the success report has
   not been received by the time the session is ended, the device SHOULD
   inform the user.

   If the value of "Failure-Report" is set to "yes", then the sender of
   the request runs a timer.  If a 200 response to the transaction is
   not received within 30 seconds from the time the last byte of the
   transaction is sent, or submitted to the operating system for
   sending, the element MUST inform the user that the request probably
   failed.  If the value is set to "partial", then the element sending
   the transaction does not have to run a timer, but MUST inform the
   user if it receives a non-recoverable error response to the
   transaction.

      The treatment of timers for success reports and failure reports is
      intentionally inconsistent.  An explicit timeout value makes sense
      for failure reports since such reports will usually refer to a
      message "chunk" which is acknowledged on a hop-by-hop basis.  This
      is not the case for success reports, which are end-to-end and may
      refer to the entire message content, which can be arbitrarily
      large.

   If no Success-Report header field is present in a SEND request, it
   MUST be treated the same as a Success-Report header field with value
   of "no".  If no Failure-Report header field is present, it MUST be
   treated the same as a Failure-Report header field with value of
   "yes".  If an MSRP endpoint receives a REPORT for a Message-ID it
   does not recognize, it SHOULD silently ignore the REPORT.

   The Byte-Range header field value contains a starting value (range-
   start) followed by a "-", an ending value (range-end) followed by a
   "/", and finally the total length.  The first octet in the message
   has a position of one, rather than a zero.

   The first chunk of the message SHOULD, and all subsequent chunks MUST
   include a Byte-Range header field.  The range-start field MUST
   indicate the position of the first byte in the body in the overall
   message (for the first chunk this field will have a value of one).
   The range-end field SHOULD indicate the position of the last byte in
   the body, if known.  It MUST take the value of "*" if the position is
   unknown, or if the request needs to be interruptible.  The total
   field SHOULD contain the total size of the message, if known.  The
   total field MAY contain a "*" if the total size of the message is not
   known in advance.  The sender MUST send all chunks in Byte-Range
   order.  (However, the receiver cannot assume that the requests will
   be delivered in order, as intervening relays may have changed the



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   order.)

   There are some circumstances where an endpoint may choose to send an
   empty SEND request.  For the sake of consistency, a Byte-Range header
   field referring to nonexistent or zero-length content MUST still have
   a range-start value of 1.  For example, "1-0/0"

   To ensure fairness over a connection, senders MUST NOT send chunks
   with a body larger than 2048 octets unless they are prepared to
   interrupt them (meaning that any chunk with a body of greater than
   2048 octets will have a "*" character in the range-end field).  A
   sender can use one of the following two strategies to satisfy this
   requirement.  The sender is STRONGLY RECOMMENDED to send messages
   larger than 2048 octets using as few chunks as possible, interrupting
   chunks (at least 2048 octets long) only when other traffic is waiting
   to use the same connection.  Alternatively, the sender MAY simply
   send chunks in 2048 octet increments until the final chunk.  Note
   that the former strategy results in markedly more efficient use of
   the connection.  All MSRP nodes MUST be able to receive chunks of any
   size from zero octets to the maximum number of octets they can
   receive for a complete message.  Senders SHOULD NOT break messages
   into chunks smaller than 2048 octets, except for the final chunk of a
   complete message.

   A SEND request is interrupted while a body is in the process of being
   written to the connection by simply noting how much of the message
   has already been written to the connection, then writing out the end-
   line to end the chunk.  It can then be resumed in a another chunk
   with the same Message-ID and a Byte-Range header field range start
   field containing the position of the first byte after the
   interruption occurred.

   SEND requests larger than 2048 octets MUST be interrupted if the
   sender needs to send pending responses or REPORT requests.  If
   multiple SEND requests from different sessions are concurrently being
   sent over the same connection, the device SHOULD implement some
   scheme to alternate between them such that each concurrent request
   gets a chance to send some fair portion of data at regular intervals
   suitable to the application.

   The sender MUST NOT assume that a message is received by the peer
   with the same chunk allocation with which it was sent.  An
   intervening relay could possibly break SEND requests into smaller
   chunks, or aggregate multiple chunks into larger ones.

   The default disposition of bodies is "render".  If the sender wants a
   different disposition, it MAY insert a Content-Disposition[9] header
   field.  Since MSRP can carry unencoded binary payloads, transfer



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   encoding is always "binary", and transfer-encoding parameters MUST
   NOT be present.

7.1.2.  Sending REPORT Requests

   REPORT requests are similar to SEND requests, except that report
   requests MUST NOT include Success-Report or Failure-Report header
   fields, and MUST contain a Status header field.  REPORT requests MUST
   contain the Message-ID header field from the original SEND request.

   If an MSRP element receives a REPORT for a Message-ID it does not
   recognize, it SHOULD silently ignore the REPORT.

   An MSRP endpoint MUST be able to generate success REPORT requests.

   REPORT requests will normally not include a body, as the REPORT
   request header fields can carry sufficient information in most cases.
   However, REPORT requests MAY include a body containing additional
   information about the status of the associated SEND request.  Such a
   body is informational only, and the sender of the REPORT request
   SHOULD NOT assume that the recipient pays any attention to the body.
   REPORT requests are not interruptible.

   Success-Report and Failure-Report header fields MUST NOT be present
   in REPORT requests.  MSRP nodes MUST NOT send REPORT requests in
   response to REPORT requests.  MSRP Nodes MUST NOT send MSRP responses
   to REPORT requests.

7.1.3.  Generating Success Reports

   When an endpoint receives a message in one or more chunks that
   contain a Success-Reports value of "true", it MUST send a success
   report or reports covering all bytes that are received successfully.
   The success reports are sent in the form of REPORT requests,
   following the normal procedures (Section 7.1), with a few additional
   requirements.

   The receiver MAY wait until it receives the last chunk of a message,
   and send a success report that covers the complete message.
   Alternately, it MAY generate incremental success REPORTs as the
   chunks are received.  These can be sent periodically and cover all
   the bytes that have been received so far, or they can be sent after a
   chunk arrives and cover just the part from that chunk.

      It is helpful to think of a success REPORT as reporting on a
      particular range of bytes, rather than on a particular chunk sent
      by a client.  The sending client cannot depend on the Byte-Range
      header field in a given success report matching that of a



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      particular SEND request.  For example, an intervening MSRP relay
      may break chunks into smaller chunks, or aggregate multiple chunks
      into larger ones.
      A side effect of this is, even if no relay is used, the receiving
      client may report on byte ranges that do not exactly match those
      in the original chunks sent by the sender.  It can wait until all
      bytes in a message are received and report on the whole, it can
      report as it receives each chunk, or it can report on any other
      received range.
      Reporting on ranges smaller than the entire message contents
      allows certain improved user experiences for the sender.  For
      example, a sending client could display incremental status
      information showing which ranges of bytes have been acknowledged
      by the receiver.
      However, the choice on whether to report incrementally is entirely
      up to the receiving client.  There is no mechanism for the sender
      to assert its desire to receive incremental reports or not.  Since
      the presence of a relay can cause the receiver to see a very
      different chunk allocation than the sender, such a mechanism would
      be of questionable value.

   When generating a REPORT request, the endpoint inserts a To-Path
   header field containing the From-Path value from the original
   request, and a From-Path header field containing the URL identifying
   itself in the session.  The endpoint then inserts a Status header
   field with a namespace of "000", a status-code of "200" and an
   implementation-defined comment phrase.  It also inserts a Message-ID
   header field containing the value from the original request.

      The namespace field denotes the context of the status-code field.
      The namespace value of "000" means the status-code should be
      interpreted in the same way as the matching MSRP transaction
      response code.  If a future specification uses the status-code
      field for some other purpose, it MUST define a new namespace field
      value.

   The endpoint MUST NOT send a success report for a SEND request that
   either contained no Success-Report header field, or contained such a
   field with a value of "no".  That is, if no Success-Report header
   field is present, it is treated identically to one with a value of
   "no."

7.1.4.  Generating Failure Reports

   If an MSRP endpoint receives a SEND request that it cannot process
   for some reason, and the Failure-Report header field either was not
   present in the original request, or had a value of "yes", it SHOULD
   simply include the appropriate error code in the transaction



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   response.  However, there may be situations where the error cannot be
   determined quickly, such as when the endpoint is a gateway that waits
   for a downstream network to indicate an error.  In this situation, it
   MAY send a 200 OK response to the request, and then send a failure
   REPORT request when the error is detected.

   If the endpoint receives a SEND request with a Failure-Report header
   field value of "no", then it MUST NOT send a failure REPORT request,
   and MUST NOT send a transaction response.  If the value is "partial",
   it MUST NOT send a 200 transaction response to the request, but
   SHOULD send an appropriate non-200 class response if a failure
   occurs.

   As stated above, if no Failure-Report header field is present, it
   MUST be treated the same as a Failure-Report header field with value
   of "yes".

   Construction of failure REPORT requests is identical to that for
   success REPORT requests, except the Status header field code and
   reason fields MUST contain appropriate error codes.  Any error
   response code defined in this specification MAY also be used in
   failure reports.

   If a failure REPORT request is sent in response to a SEND request
   that contained a chunk, it MUST include a Byte-Range header field
   indicating the actual range being reported on.  It can take the
   range-start and total values from the original SEND request, but MUST
   calculate the range-end field from the actual body data.

   Endpoints SHOULD NOT send REPORT requests if they have reason to
   believe the request will not be delivered.  For example, they SHOULD
   NOT send a REPORT request on a session that is no longer valid.

      This section only describes failure report generation behavior for
      MSRP endpoints.  Relay behavior is beyond the scope of this
      document, and will be considered in a separate document [22].  We
      expect failure reports to be more commonly generated by relays
      than by endpoints.

7.2.  Constructing Responses

   If an MSRP endpoint receives a request that either contains a
   Failure-Report header field value of "yes", or does not contain a
   Failure-Report header field at all, it MUST immediately generate a
   response.  Likewise, if an MSRP endpoint receives a request that
   contains a Failure-Report header field value of "partial", and the
   receiver is unable to process the request, it SHOULD immediately
   generate a response.



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   To construct the response, the endpoint first creates the response
   start-line, inserting appropriate response code and reason fields.
   The transaction identifier in the response start line MUST match the
   transaction identifier from the original request.

   The endpoint then inserts an appropriate To-Path header field.  If
   the request triggering the response was a SEND request, the To-Path
   header field is formed by copying the last (right-most) URL in the
   From-Path header field of the request.  (Responses to SEND requests
   are returned only to the previous hop.)  For responses to all other
   request methods, the To-Path header field contains the full path back
   to the original sender.  This full path is generated by taking the
   list of URLs from the From-Path of the original request, reversing
   the list, and writing the reversed list into the To-Path of the
   response.  (Legal REPORT requests do not request responses, so this
   specification doesn't exercise the behavior described above, however
   we expect that extensions for gateways and relays will need such
   behavior.)

   Finally, the endpoint inserts a From-Path header field containing the
   URL that identifies it in the context of the session, followed by the
   end-line after the last header field.  The response MUST be
   transmitted back on the same connection on which the original request
   arrived.

7.3.  Receiving Requests

   The receiving endpoint MUST first check the URL in the To-Path to
   make sure the request belongs to an existing session.  When the
   request is received, the To-Path will have exactly one URL, which
   MUST map to an existing session that is associated with the
   connection on which the request arrived.  If this is not true, then
   the receiver MUST generate a 481 error and ignore the request.  Note
   that if the Failure-Report header field had a value of "no", then no
   error report would be sent.

   Further request processing by the receiver is method specific.

7.3.1.  Receiving SEND Requests

   When the receiving endpoint receives a SEND request, it first
   determines if it contains a complete message, or a chunk from a
   larger message.  If the request contains no Byte-Range header field,
   or contains one with a range-start value of "1", and the closing line
   continuation flag has a value of "$", then the request contained the
   entire message.  Otherwise, the receiver looks at the Message-ID
   value to associate chunks together into the original message.  It
   forms a virtual buffer to receive the message, keeping track of which



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   bytes have been received and which are missing.  The receiver takes
   the data from the request and places it in the appropriate place in
   the buffer.  The receiver SHOULD determine the actual length of each
   chunk by inspecting the payload itself; it is possible the body is
   shorter than the range-end field indicates.  This can occur if the
   sender interrupted a SEND request unexpectedly.  It is worth noting
   that the chunk that has a termination character of "$" defines the
   total length of the message.

      It is technically illegal for the sender to prematurely interrupt
      a request that had anything other than "*" in the last-byte
      position of the Byte-Range header field.  But having the receiver
      calculate a chunk length based on actual content adds resilience
      in the face of sender errors.  Since this should never happen with
      compliant senders, this only has a SHOULD strength.

   Receivers MUST not assume that the chunks will be delivered in order
   or that they will receive all the chunks with "+" flags before they
   receive the chunk with the "$" flag.  In certain cases of connection
   failure, it is possible for information to be duplicated.  If chunk
   data is received that overlaps already received data for the same
   message, the last chunk received SHOULD take precedence (even though
   this may not have been the last chunk transmitted).  For example, if
   bytes 1 to 100 were received and a chunk arrives that contains bytes
   50 to 150, this second chunk will overwrite bytes 50 to 100 of the
   data that had already been received.  Although other schemes work,
   this is the easiest for the receiver and results in consistent
   behavior between clients.

      There are situations in which the receiver may not be able to give
      precedence to the last chunk received when chunks overlap.  For
      example, the recipient might incrementally render chunks as they
      arrive.  If a new chunk arrives that overlaps with a previously
      rendered chunk, it would be too late to "take back" any
      conflicting data from the first chunk.  Therefore, the requirement
      to give precedence to the most recent chunk is specified at a
      "SHOULD" strength.  This requirement is not intended to disallow
      applications where this behavior does not make sense.

   The seven "-" in the end-line are used so that the receiver can
   search for the value "----", 32 bits at a time to find the probable
   location of the end-line.  This allows most processors to locate the
   boundaries and copy the memory at the same rate that a normal memory
   copy could be done.  This approach results in a system that is as
   fast as framing based on specifying the body length in the header
   fields of the request, but also allows for the interruption of
   messages.




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   What is done with the body is outside the scope of MSRP and largely
   determined by the MIME Content-Type and Content-Disposition.  The
   body MAY be rendered after the whole message is received or partially
   rendered as it is being received.

   If the SEND request contained a Content-Type header field indicating
   an unsupported MIME type, and the Failure-Report value is not "no",
   the receiver MUST generate a response with a status code of 415.  All
   MSRP endpoints MUST be able to receive the multipart/mixed [15] and
   multipart/alternative [15] MIME types.

   If the Success-Report header field was set to "yes", the receiver
   must construct and send one or more success reports, as described in
   Section 7.1.3.

7.3.2.  Receiving REPORT Requests

   When an endpoint receives a REPORT request, it correlates it to the
   original SEND request using the Message-ID and the Byte-Range, if
   present.  If it requested success reports, then it SHOULD keep enough
   state about each outstanding sent message so that it can correlate
   REPORT requests to the original messages.

   An endpoint that receives a REPORT request containing a Status header
   field with a namespace field of "000" MUST interpret the report in
   exactly the same way it would interpret an MSRP transaction response
   with a response code matching the status-code field.

   It is possible to receive a failure report or a failure transaction
   response for a chunk that is currently being delivered.  In this
   case, the entire message corresponding to that chunk SHOULD be
   aborted, by including the "#" character in the continuation field of
   the end-line.

   It is possible that an endpoint will receive a REPORT request on a
   session that is no longer valid.  The endpoint's behavior if this
   happens is a matter of local policy.  The endpoint is not required to
   take any steps to facilitate such late delivery, i.e. it is not
   expected to keep a connection active in case late REPORTs might
   arrive.

   When an endpoint that sent a SEND request receives a failure REPORT
   indicating that a particular byte range was not received, it MUST
   treat the session as failed.  If it wishes to recover, it MUST first
   re-negotiate the URLs at the signaling level then resend that range
   of bytes of the message on the resulting new session.

   MSRP nodes MUST NOT send MSRP REPORT requests in response to other



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   REPORT requests.


8.  Using MSRP with SIP and SDP

   MSRP sessions will typically be initiated using the Session
   Description Protocol (SDP) [2] via the SIP offer/answer mechanism
   [3].

   This document defines a handful of new SDP parameters to set up MSRP
   sessions.  These are detailed below and in the IANA Considerations
   section.

   An MSRP media-line (that is, a media-line proposing MSRP) in the
   session description is accompanied by a mandatory "path" attribute.
   This attribute contains a space-separated list of URLs to be visited
   to contact the user agent advertising this session-description.  If
   more than one URL is present, the leftmost URL is the first URL to be
   visited to reach the target resource.  (The path list can contain
   multiple URLs to allow for the deployment of gateways or relays in
   the future.)  MSRP implementations that can accept incoming
   connections without the need for relays will typically only provide a
   single URL here.

   An MSRP media line is also accompanied by an "accept-types"
   attribute, and optionally an "accept-wrapped-types" attribute.  These
   attributes are used to specify the MIME types that are acceptable to
   the endpoint.

8.1.  SDP Connection and Media Lines

   An SDP connection-line takes the following format:

   c=<network type> <address type> <connection address>

   The network type and address type fields are used as normal for SDP.
   The connection address field MUST be set to the IP address or fully
   qualified domain name from the MSRP URL identifying the endpoint in
   its path attribute.

   The general format of an SDP media-line is:

   m=<media> <port> <protocol> <format list>

   An offered or accepted media-line for MSRP over TCP MUST include a
   protocol field value of "TCP/MSRP", or "TCP/TLS/MSRP" for TLS.  The
   media field value MUST be "message".  The format list field MUST be
   set to "*".



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   The port field value MUST match the port value used in the endpoint's
   MSRP URL in the path attribute, except that, as described in [3], a
   user agent that wishes to accept an offer, but not a specific media-
   line, MUST set the port number of that media-line to zero (0) in the
   response.  Since MSRP allows multiple sessions to share the same TCP
   connection, multiple m-lines in a single SDP document may share the
   same port field value; MSRP devices MUST NOT assume any particular
   relationship between m-lines on the sole basis that they have
   matching port field values.

      MSRP devices do not use the c-line address field, or the m-line
      port and format list fields to determine where to connect.
      Rather, they use the attributes defined in this specification.
      The connection information is copied to the c-line and m-line for
      purposes of backwards compatibility with conventional SDP usages.
      While MSRP could theoretically carry any media type, "message" is
      appropriate.

8.2.  URL Negotiations

   Each endpoint in an MSRP session is identified by a URL.  These URLs
   are negotiated in the SDP exchange.  Each SDP offer or answer that
   proposes MSRP MUST contain a path attribute containing one or more
   MSRP URLs.  The path attribute is used in an SDP a-line, and has the
   following syntax:

        path = path-label ":" path-list
        path-label = "path"
        path-list= MSRP-URL *(SP MSRP-URL)

   where MSRP-URL is an "msrp" or "msrps" URL as defined in Section 6.
   MSRP URLs included in an SDP offer or answer MUST include explicit
   port numbers.

   An MSRP device uses the URL to determine a host address, port,
   transport, and protection level when connecting, and to identify the
   target when sending requests and responses.

   The offerer and answerer each selects a URL to represent itself and
   sends it to the peer device in the SDP document.  Each device stores
   the path value received from the peer and uses that value as the
   target for requests inside the resulting session.  If the path
   attribute received from the peer contains more than one URL, then the
   target URL is the rightmost, while the leftmost entry represents the
   adjacent hop.  If only one entry is present, then it is both the peer
   and adjacent hop URL.  The target path is the entire path attribute
   value received from the peer.




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   The following example shows an SDP offer with a session URL of
   "msrp://alice.example.com:7394/2s93i;tcp"

    v=0
    o=alice 2890844526 2890844527 IN IP4 alice.example.com
    s= -
    c=IN IP4 alice.example.com
    t=0 0
    m=message 7394 TCP/MSRP *
    a=accept-types:text/plain
    a=path:msrp://alice.example.com:7394/2s93i;tcp

   The rightmost URL in the path attribute MUST identify the endpoint
   that generated the SDP document, or some other location where that
   endpoint wishes to receive requests associated with the session.  It
   MUST be assigned for this particular session, and MUST NOT duplicate
   any URL in use for any other session in which the endpoint is
   currently participating.  It SHOULD be hard to guess, and protected
   from eavesdroppers.  This is discussed in more detail in Section 14.

8.3.  Path Attributes with Multiple URLs

   As mentioned previously, this document describes MSRP for peer-to-
   peer scenarios, that is, when no relays are used.  The use of relays
   are described in a separate document [22].  In order to allow an MSRP
   device that only implements the core specification to interoperate
   with devices that use relays, this document must include a few
   assumptions about how relays work.

   An endpoint that uses one or more relays will indicate that by
   putting a URL for each device in the relay chain into the SDP path
   attribute.  The final entry will point to the endpoint itself.  The
   other entries will indicate each proposed relay, in order.  The first
   entry will point to the first relay in the chain from the perspective
   of the peer; that is, the relay to which the peer device, or a relay
   operating on its behalf, should connect.

   Endpoints that do not wish to insert a relay, including those that do
   not support relays at all, will put exactly one URL into the path
   attribute.  This URL represents both the endpoint for the session,
   and the connection point.

   Even though endpoints that implement only this specification will
   never introduce a relay, they need to be able to interoperate with
   other endpoints that do use relays.  Therefore, they MUST be prepared
   to receive more than one URL in the SDP path attribute.  When an
   endpoint receives more than one URL in a path attribute, only the
   first entry is relevant for purposes of resolving the address and



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   port, and establishing the network connection, as it describes the
   first adjacent hop.

   If an endpoint puts more than one URL in a path attribute, the final
   URL in the path attribute (the peer URL) identifies the session, and
   MUST not duplicate the URL of any other session in which the endpoint
   is currently participating.  Uniqueness requirements for other
   entries in the path attribute are out of scope for this document.

8.4.  Updated SDP Offers

   MSRP endpoints may sometimes need to send additional SDP exchanges
   for an existing session.  They may need to send periodic exchanges
   with no change to refresh state in the network, for example, SIP
   session timers or the SIP UPDATE[23] request.  They may need to
   change some other stream in a session without affecting the MSRP
   stream, or they may need to change an MSRP stream without affecting
   some other stream.

   Either peer may initiate an updated exchange at any time.  The
   endpoint that sends the new offer assumes the role of offerer for all
   purposes.  The answerer MUST respond with a path attribute that
   represents a valid path to itself at the time of the updated
   exchange.  This new path may be the same as its previous path, but
   may be different.  The new offerer MUST NOT assume that the peer will
   answer with the same path it used previously.

   If either party wishes to send an SDP document that changes nothing
   at all, then it MUST have the same o-line as in the previous
   exchange.

8.5.  Connection Negotiation

   Previous versions of this document included a mechanism to negotiate
   the direction for any required TCP connection.  The mechanism was
   loosely based on the COMEDIA [25] work being done in the MMUSIC
   working group.  The primary motivation was to allow MSRP sessions to
   succeed in situations where the offerer could not accept connections
   but the answerer could.  For example, the offerer might be behind a
   NAT, while the answerer might have a globally routable address.

   The SIMPLE working group chose to remove that mechanism from MSRP, as
   it added a great deal of complexity to connection management.
   Instead, MSRP now specifies a default connection direction.  The
   party that sent the original offer is responsible for connecting to
   its peer.





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8.6.  Content Type Negotiation

   An SDP media-line proposing MSRP MUST be accompanied by an accept-
   types attribute.

   An entry of "*" in the accept-types attribute indicates that the
   sender may attempt to send content with media types that have not
   been explicitly listed.  Likewise, an entry with an explicit type and
   a "*" character as the subtype indicates that the sender may attempt
   to send content with any subtype of that type.  If the receiver
   receives an MSRP request and is able to process the media type, it
   does so.  If not, it will respond with a 415 response.  Note that all
   explicit entries SHOULD be considered preferred over any non-listed
   types.  This feature is needed as, otherwise, the list of formats for
   rich IM devices may be prohibitively large.

   This specification requires the support of certain data formats.
   Mandatory formats MUST be signaled like any other, either explicitly
   or by the use of a "*".

   The accept-types attribute may include container types, that is, MIME
   formats that contain other types internally.  If compound types are
   used, the types listed in the accept-types attribute may be used both
   as the root payload, or may be wrapped in a listed container type.
   Any container types MUST also be listed in the accept-types
   attribute.

   Occasionally an endpoint will need to specify a MIME body type that
   can only be used if wrapped inside a listed container type.

   Endpoints MAY specify MIME types that are only allowed when wrapped
   inside compound types using the "accept-wrapped-types" attribute in
   an SDP a-line.

   The semantics for accept-wrapped-types are identical to those of the
   accept-types attribute, with the exception that the specified types
   may only be used when wrapped inside container types listed in
   accept-types attribute.  Only types listed in the accept-types
   attribute may be used as the "root" type for the entire body.  Since
   any type listed in accept-types may be used both as a root body, and
   wrapped in other bodies, format entries from accept-types SHOULD NOT
   be repeated in this attribute.

   This approach does not allow for specifying distinct lists of
   acceptable wrapped types for different types of containers.  If an
   endpoint understands a MIME type in the context of one wrapper, it is
   assumed to understand it in the context of any other acceptable
   wrappers, subject to any constraints defined by the wrapper types



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   themselves.

      The approach of specifying types that are only allowed inside of
      containers separately from the primary payload types allows an
      endpoint to force the use of certain wrappers.  For example, a
      CPIM [12] gateway device may require all messages to be wrapped
      inside message/cpim bodies, but may allow several content types
      inside the wrapper.  If the gateway were to specify the wrapped
      types in the accept-types attribute, its peer might attempt to use
      those types without the wrapper.

   If the recipient of an offer does not understand any of the payload
   types indicated in the offered SDP, it SHOULD indicate that using the
   appropriate mechanism of the rendezvous protocol.  For example, in
   SIP, it SHOULD return a SIP 488 response.

   An endpoint MAY indicate the maximum size message they wish to
   receive using the max-size a-line attribute.  Max-size refers to the
   complete message in octets, not the size of any one chunk.  Senders
   SHOULD NOT exceed the max-size limit for any message sent in the
   resulting session.  However, the receiver should consider max-size
   value as a hint.

   The formal syntax for these attributes are as follows:

        accept-types = accept-types-label ":" format-list
        accept-types-label = "accept-types"
        accept-wrapped-types = wrapped-types-label ":" format-list
        wrapped-types-label = "accept-wrapped-types"
        format-list = format-entry *( SP format-entry)
        format-entry = (type "/" subtype) / (type "/" "*") / ("*")
        type = token
        subtype = token

        max-size = max-size-label ":" max-size-value
        max-size-label = "max-size"
        max-size-value = 1*(DIGIT) ;max size in octets

8.7.  Example SDP Exchange

   Endpoint A wishes to invite Endpoint B to an MSRP session.  A offers
   the following session description:









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    v=0
    o=usera 2890844526 2890844527 IN IP4 alice.example.com
    s= -
    c=IN IP4 alice.example.com
    t=0 0
    m=message 7394 TCP/MSRP *
    a=accept-types: message/cpim text/plain text/html
    a=path:msrp://alice.example.com:7394/2s93i9;tcp

   B responds with its own URL:

    v=0
    o=userb 2890844530 2890844532 IN IP4 bob.example.com
    s= -
    c=IN IP4 bob.example.com
    t=0 0
    m=message 8493 TCP/MSRP *
    a=accept-types:message/cpim text/plain
    a=path:msrp://bob.example.com:8493/si438ds;tcp

8.8.  MSRP User Experience with SIP

   In typical SIP applications, when an endpoint receives an INVITE
   request, it alerts the user, and waits for user input before
   responding.  This is analogous to the typical telephone user
   experience, where the callee "answers" the call.

   In contrast, the typical user experience for instant messaging
   applications is that the initial received message is immediately
   displayed to the user, without waiting for the user to "join" the
   conversation.  Therefore, the principle of least surprise would
   suggest that MSRP endpoints using SIP signaling SHOULD allow a mode
   where the endpoint quietly accepts the session, and begins displaying
   messages.

      This guideline may not make sense for all situations, such as for
      mixed media applications, where both MSRP and audio sessions are
      offered in the same INVITE.  In general, good application design
      should take precedence.

   SIP INVITE requests may be forked by a SIP proxy, resulting in more
   than one endpoint receiving the same INVITE.  SIP early media [28]
   techniques can be used to establish a preliminary session with each
   endpoint so the initial message(s) are displayed on each endpoint,
   and canceling the INVITE transaction for any endpoints that do not
   send MSRP traffic after some period of time, so that they cease
   receiving MSRP traffic from the inviter.




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8.9.  SDP direction attribute and MSRP

   SDP defines a number of attributes that modify the direction of media
   flows.  These are the "sendonly", "recvonly", "inactive", and
   "sendrecv" attributes.

   If a "sendonly" or "recvonly" attribute modifies an MSRP media
   description line, the attribute indicates the direction of MSRP SEND
   requests that contain regular message payloads.  Unless otherwise
   specified, these attributes do not affect the direction of other
   types of requests, such as REPORT.  SEND requests that contain some
   kind of control or reporting protocol rather than regular message
   payload (e.g., IMDN reports) should be generated according to the
   protocol rules as if no direction attribute were present.


9.  Formal Syntax

   MSRP is a text protocol that uses the UTF-8 [14] transformation
   format.

   The following syntax specification uses the augmented Backus-Naur
   Form (BNF) as described in RFC-2234 [6].

   msrp-req-or-resp = msrp-request / msrp-response
   msrp-request = req-start headers [content-stuff] end-line
   msrp-response = resp-start headers end-line

   req-start  = pMSRP SP transact-id SP method CRLF
   resp-start = pMSRP SP transact-id SP status-code [SP comment] CRLF
   comment = utf8text

   pMSRP = %x4D.53.52.50 ; MSRP in caps
   transact-id = ident
   method = mSEND / mREPORT / other-method
   mSEND = %x53.45.4e.44 ; SEND in caps
   mREPORT = %x52.45.50.4f.52.54; REPORT in caps

   other-method = 1*UPALPHA
   status-code = 3DIGIT ; any code defined in this document
                        ; or an extension document

   MSRP-URL = msrp-scheme "://" [userinfo "@"] hostport
       ["/" session-id] ";" transport *( ";" url-parameter)
                        ; userinfo as defined in RFC3986, except
                        ; limited to unreserved.
                        ; hostport as defined in RFC3261




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   msrp-scheme = "msrp" / "msrps"
   session-id = 1*( unreserved / "+" / "=" / "/" )
                        ; unreserved as defined in RFC3986
   transport = "tcp" / ALPHANUM
   url-parameter = token ["=" token]

   headers = To-Path CRLF From-Path CRLF 1*( header CRLF )

   header  =   Message-ID
    / Success-Report
    / Failure-Report
    / Byte-Range
    / Status
    / ext-header

   To-Path = "To-Path:" SP MSRP-URL *( SP MSRP-URL )
   From-Path = "From-Path:" SP MSRP-URL *( SP MSRP-URL )
   Message-ID = "Message-ID:" SP ident
   Success-Report = "Success-Report:" SP ("yes" / "no" )
   Failure-Report = "Failure-Report:" SP ("yes" / "no" / "partial" )
   Byte-Range = "Byte-Range:" SP range-start "-" range-end "/" total
   range-start = 1*DIGIT
   range-end   = 1*DIGIT / "*"
   total       = 1*DIGIT / "*"

   Status = "Status:" SP namespace SP status-code [SP text-reason]
   namespace = 3(DIGIT); "000" for all codes defined in this document.
   text-reason = utf8text

   ident = alphanum  3*31ident-char
   ident-char = alphanum / "." / "-" / "+" / "%" / "="

   content-stuff = *(Other-Mime-header CRLF)
                   Content-Type 2CRLF data CRLF

   Content-Type = "Content-Type:" SP media-type
   media-type = type "/" subtype *( ";" gen-param )
   type = token
   subtype = token

   gen-param = pname [ "=" pval ]
   pname = token
   pval  = token / quoted-string

   token = 1*(%x21 / %x23-27 / %x2A-2B / %x2D-2E
              / %x30-39 / %x41-5A / %x5E-7E)
              ; token is compared case-insensitive




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   quoted-string = DQUOTE *(qdtext / qd-esc) DQUOTE
   qdtext = SP / HTAB / %x21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-7E
               / UTF8-NONASCII
   qd-esc = (BACKSLASH BACKSLASH) / (BACKSLASH DQUOTE)
   BACKSLASH = "\"
   UPALPHA  = %x41-5A
   ALPHANUM = ALPHA / DIGIT

   Other-Mime-header = (Content-ID
    / Content-Description
    / Content-Disposition
    / mime-extension-field);

       ; Content-ID, and Content-Description are defined in RFC2045.
       ; Content-Disposition is defined in RFC2183
       ; MIME-extension-field indicates additional MIME extension
       ; header fields as described in RFC2045

   data = *OCTET
   end-line = "-------" transact-id continuation-flag CRLF
   continuation-flag = "+" / "$" / "#"

   ext-header = hname ":" SP hval CRLF
   hname = ALPHA *token
   hval = utf8text

   utf8text = *(HTAB / %x20-7E / UTF8-NONASCII)

   UTF8-NONASCII = %xC0-DF 1UTF8-CONT
                 / %xE0-EF 2UTF8-CONT
                 / %xF0-F7 3UTF8-CONT
                 / %xF8-Fb 4UTF8-CONT
                 / %xFC-FD 5UTF8-CONT
   UTF8-CONT     = %x80-BF



10.  Response Code Descriptions

   This section summarizes the semantics of various response codes that
   may be used in MSRP transaction responses.  These codes may also be
   used in the Status header field in REPORT requests.

10.1.  200

   The 200 response code indicates a successful transaction.





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10.2.  400

   A 400 response indicates a request was unintelligible.  The sender
   may retry the request after correcting the error.

10.3.  403

   A 403 response indicates the attempted action is not allowed.  The
   sender should not try the request again.

10.4.  408

   A 408 response indicates that a downstream transaction did not
   complete in the alloted time.  It is never sent by any elements
   described in this specification.  However, 408 is used in the MSRP
   Relay extension; therefore MSRP endpoints may receive it.  An
   endpoint MUST treat a 408 response in the same manner as it would
   treat a local timeout.

10.5.  413

   A 413 response indicates that the receiver wishes the sender to stop
   sending the particular message.  Typically, a 413 is sent in response
   to a chunk of an undesired message.

   If a message sender receives a 413 in a response, or in a REPORT
   request, it MUST NOT send any further chunks in the message, that is,
   any further chunks with the same Message-ID value.  If the sender
   receives the 413 while in the process of sending a chunk, and the
   chunk is interruptible, the sender MUST interrupt it.

10.6.  415

   A 415 response indicates the SEND request contained a MIME content-
   type that is not understood by the receiver.  The sender should not
   send any further messages with the same content-type for the duration
   of the session.

10.7.  423

   A 423 response indicates that one of the requested parameters is out
   of bounds.  It is used by the relay extensions to this document.

10.8.  481

   A 481 response indicates that the indicated session does not exist.
   The sender should terminate the session.




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10.9.  501

   A 501 response indicates that the recipient does not understand the
   request method.

      The 501 response code exists to allow some degree of method
      extensibility.  It is not intended as a license to ignore methods
      defined in this document; rather it is a mechanism to report lack
      of support of extension methods.

10.10.  506

   A 506 response indicates that a request arrived on a session which is
   already bound to another network connection.  The sender should cease
   sending messages for that session on this connection.


11.  Examples

11.1.  Basic IM Session

   This section shows an example flow for the most common scenario.  The
   example assumes SIP is used to transport the SDP exchange.  Details
   of the SIP messages and SIP proxy infrastructure are omitted for the
   sake of brevity.  In the example, assume that the offerer is
   sip:alice@example.com and the answerer is sip:bob@example.com.

























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           Alice                     Bob
             |                        |
             |                        |
             |(1) (SIP) INVITE        |
             |----------------------->|
             |(2) (SIP) 200 OK        |
             |<-----------------------|
             |(3) (SIP) ACK           |
             |----------------------->|
             |(4) (MSRP) SEND         |
             |----------------------->|
             |(5) (MSRP) 200 OK       |
             |<-----------------------|
             |(6) (MSRP) SEND         |
             |<-----------------------|
             |(7) (MSRP) 200 OK       |
             |----------------------->|
             |(8) (SIP) BYE           |
             |----------------------->|
             |(9) (SIP) 200 OK        |
             |<-----------------------|
             |                        |
             |                        |

   1.  Alice constructs a local URL of
       msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp .

       Alice->Bob (SIP): INVITE sip:bob@example.com

       v=0
       o=alice 2890844557 2890844559 IN IP4 alicepc.example.com
       s= -
       c=IN IP4 alicepc.example.com
       t=0 0
       m=message 7777 TCP/MSRP *
       a=accept-types:text/plain
       a=path:msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp

   2.  Bob listens on port 8888, and sends the following response:

       Bob->Alice (SIP): 200 OK

       v=0
       o=bob 2890844612 2890844616 IN IP4 bob.example.com
       s= -
       c=IN IP4 bob.example.com
       t=0 0
       m=message 8888 TCP/MSRP *



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       a=accept-types:text/plain
       a=path:msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp

   3.  Alice->Bob (SIP): ACK sip:bob@example.com

   4.  (Alice opens connection to Bob.)  Alice->Bob (MSRP):

       MSRP d93kswow SEND
       To-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
       From-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
       Message-ID: 12339sdqwer
       Content-Type: text/plain

       Hi, I'm Alice!
       -------d93kswow$

   5.  Bob->Alice (MSRP):

       MSRP d93kswow 200 OK
       To-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
       From-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
       -------d93kswow$

   6.  Bob->Alice (MSRP):

       MSRP dkei38sd SEND
       To-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
       From-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
       Message-ID: 456
       Content-Type: text/plain

       Hi, Alice!  I'm Bob!
       -------dkei38sd$

   7.  Alice->Bob (MSRP):

       MSRP dkei38sd 200 OK
       To-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
       From-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
       -------dkei38sd$

   8.  Alice->Bob (SIP): BYE sip:bob@example.com

       Alice invalidates local session state.

   9.  Bob invalidates local state for the session.

       Bob->Alice (SIP): 200 OK



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11.2.  Message with XHTML Content

   MSRP dsdfoe38sd SEND
   To-Path: msrp://alice.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
   Message-ID: 456
   Content-Type: application/xhtml+xml

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <!DOCTYPE html
   PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
   "_http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd_">
   <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
     <head>
       <title>FY2005 Results</title>
   </head>
     <body>
      <p>See the results at <a
   href="http://example.org/">example.org</a>.</p>
     </body>
   </html>
   -------dsdfoe38sd$

11.3.  Chunked Message

   For an example of a chunked message, see the example in Section 5.1.

11.4.  System Message

   Sysadmin->Alice (MSRP):

   MSRP d93kswow SEND
   To-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
   Message-ID: 12339sdqwer
   Failure-Report: no
   Success-Report: no
   Content-Type: text/plain

   This conference will end in 5 minutes
   -------d93kswow$










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11.5.  Positive Report

   Alice->Bob (MSRP):

   MSRP d93kswow SEND
   To-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
   Message-ID: 12339sdqwer
   Byte-Range: 1-106/106
   Success-Report: yes
   Failure-Report: no
   Content-Type: text/html

   <html><body>
   <p>Here is that important link...
   <a href="http://www.example.com/foobar">foobar</a>
   </p>
   </body></html>
   -------d93kswow$

   Bob->Alice (MSRP):

   MSRP dkei38sd REPORT
   To-Path: msrp://alicepc.example.com:7777/iau39;tcp
   From-Path: msrp://bob.example.com:8888/9di4ea;tcp
   Message-ID: 12339sdqwer
   Byte-Range: 1-106/106
   Status: 000 200 OK
   -------dkei38sd$

11.6.  Forked IM

   Traditional IM systems generally do a poor job of handling multiple
   simultaneous IM clients online for the same person.  While some do a
   better job than many existing systems, handling of multiple clients
   is fairly crude.  This becomes a much more significant issue when
   always-on mobile devices are available, but it is desirable to use
   them only if another IM client is not available.

   Using SIP makes rendezvous decisions explicit, deterministic, and
   very flexible.  In contrast, "page-mode" IM systems use implicit
   implementation-specific decisions which IM clients cannot influence.
   With SIP session-mode messaging, rendezvous decisions can be under
   control of the client in a predictable, interoperable way for any
   host that implements callee capabilities [30].  As a result,
   rendezvous policy is managed consistently for each address of record.

   The following example shows Juliet with several IM clients where she



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   can be reached.  Each of these has a unique SIP Contact and MSRP
   session.  The example takes advantage of SIP's capability to "fork"
   an invitation to several Contacts in parallel, in sequence, or in
   combination.  Juliet has registered from her chamber, the balcony,
   her PDA, and as a last resort, you can leave a message with her
   Nurse.  Juliet's contacts are listed below.  The q-values express
   relative preference (q=1.0 is the highest preference).

   When Romeo opens his IM program, he selects Juliet and types the
   message "art thou hither?" (instead of "you there?").  His client
   sends a SIP invitation to sip:juliet@thecapulets.example.com.  The
   proxy there tries first the balcony and the chamber simultaneously.
   A client is running on each of those systems, both of which set up
   early sessions of MSRP with Romeo's client.  The client automatically
   sends the message over MSRP to the two MSRP URIs involved.  After a
   delay of a several seconds with no reply or activity from Juliet, the
   proxy cancels the invitation at her first two contacts, and forwards
   the invitation on to Juliet's PDA.  Since her father is talking to
   her about her wedding, she selects "Do Not Disturb" on her PDA, which
   sends a "Busy Here" response.  The proxy then tries the Nurse, who
   answers and tells Romeo what is going on.






























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    Romeo       Juliet's     Juliet/      Juliet/      Juliet/     Nurse
                 Proxy       balcony      chamber       PDA

      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |--INVITE--->|            |            |           |           |
      |            |--INVITE--->|            |           |           |
      |            |<----180----|            |           |           |
      |<----180----|            |            |           |           |
      |---PRACK---------------->|            |           |           |
      |<----200-----------------|            |           |           |
      |<===Early MSRP Session==>| art thou hither?       |           |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            |--INVITE---------------->|           |           |
      |            |<----180-----------------|           |           |
      |<----180----|            |            |           |           |
      |---PRACK----------------------------->|           |           |
      |<----200------------------------------|           |           |
      |<========Early MSRP Session==========>| art thou hither?      |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            | .... Time Passes ....   |           |           |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            |--CANCEL--->|            |           |           |
      |            |<---200-----|            |           |           |
      |            |<---487-----|            |           |           |
      |            |----ACK---->|            |           |           |
      |            |--CANCEL---------------->|           |           |
      |            |<---200------------------|           |           |
      |            |<---487------------------|           |           |
      |            |----ACK----------------->|           |           |
      |            |--INVITE---------------------------->|  romeo wants
      |            |            |            |           |  to IM w/ you
      |            |<---486 Busy Here--------------------|           |
      |            |----ACK----------------------------->|           |
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |            |--INVITE---------------------------------------->|
      |            |<---200 OK---------------------------------------|
      |<--200 OK---|            |            |           |           |
      |---ACK------------------------------------------------------->|
      |<================MSRP Session================================>|
      |            |            |            |           |           |
      |                                         Hi Romeo, Juliet is  |
      |                                         with her father now  |
      |                                         can I take a message?|
      |                                                              |
      |  Tell her to go to confession tomorrow....                   |




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12.  Extensibility

   MSRP was designed to be only minimally extensible.  New MSRP Methods,
   header fields, and status codes can be defined in standards track
   RFCs.  MSRP does not contain a version number or any negotiation
   mechanism to require or discover new features.  If an extension is
   specified in the future that requires negotiation, the specification
   will need to describe how the extension is to be negotiated in the
   encapsulating signaling protocol.  If a non-interoperable update or
   extension occurs in the future, it will be treated as a new protocol,
   and MUST describe how its use will be signaled.

   In order to allow extension header fields without breaking
   interoperability, if an MSRP device receives a request or response
   containing a header field that it does not understand, it MUST ignore
   the header field and process the request or response as if the header
   field was not present.  If an MSRP device receives a request with an
   unknown method, it MUST return a 501 response.

   MSRP was designed to use lists of URLs instead of a single URL in the
   To-Path and From-Path header fields in anticipation of relay or
   gateway functionality being added.  In addition, "msrp" and "msrps"
   URLs can contain parameters that are extensible.


13.  CPIM Compatibility

   MSRP sessions may go to a gateway to other CPIM [26] compatible
   protocols.  If this occurs, the gateway MUST maintain session state,
   and MUST translate between the MSRP session semantics and CPIM
   semantics, which do not include a concept of sessions.  Furthermore,
   when one endpoint of the session is a CPIM gateway, instant messages
   SHOULD be wrapped in "message/cpim" [12] bodies.  Such a gateway MUST
   include "message/cpim" as the first entry in its SDP accept-types
   attribute.  MSRP endpoints sending instant messages to a peer that
   has included "message/cpim" as the first entry in the accept-types
   attribute SHOULD encapsulate all instant message bodies in "message/
   cpim" wrappers.  All MSRP endpoints MUST support the message/cpim
   type, and SHOULD support the S/MIME[7] features of that format.

   If a message is to be wrapped in a message/cpim envelope, the
   wrapping MUST be done prior to breaking the message into chunks, if
   needed.

   All MSRP endpoints MUST recognize the From, To, DateTime, and Require
   header fields as defined in RFC3862.  Such applications SHOULD
   recognize the CC header field, and MAY recognize the Subject header
   field.  Any MSRP application that recognizes any message/cpim header



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   field MUST understand the NS (name space) header field.

   All message/cpim body parts sent by an MSRP endpoint MUST include the
   From and To header fields.  If the message/cpim body part is
   protected using S/MIME, then it MUST also include the DateTime header
   field.

   The NS, To, and CC header fields may occur multiple times.  Other
   header fields defined in RFC3862 MUST NOT occur more than once in a
   given message/cpim body part in an MSRP message.  The Require header
   field MAY include multiple values.  The NS header field MAY occur
   zero or more times, depending on how many name spaces are being
   referenced.

   Extension header fields MAY occur more than once, depending on the
   definition of such header fields.

      Using message/cpim envelopes is also useful if an MSRP device
      wishes to send a message on behalf of some other identity.  The
      device may add a message/cpim envelope with the appropriate From
      header field value.


14.  Security Considerations

   Instant Messaging systems are used to exchange a variety of sensitive
   information ranging from personal conversations, to corporate
   confidential information, to account numbers and other financial
   trading information.  IM is used by individuals, corporations, and
   governments for communicating important information.  IM systems need
   to provide the properties of integrity and confidentiality for the
   exchanged information, the knowledge that you are communicating with
   the correct party, and allow the possibility of anonymous
   communication.  MSRP pushes many of the hard problems to SIP when SIP
   sets up the session, but some of the problems remain.  Spam and DoS
   attacks are also very relevant to IM systems.

   MSRP needs to provide confidentiality and integrity for the messages
   it transfers.  It also needs to provide assurances that the connected
   host is the host that it meant to connect to and that the connection
   has not been hijacked.

14.1.  Transport Level Protection

   When using only TCP connections, MSRP security is fairly weak.  If
   host A is contacting host B, B passes its hostname and a secret to A
   using a rendezvous protocol.  Although MSRP requires the use of a
   rendezvous protocol with the ability to protect this exchange, there



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   is no guarantee that the protection will be used all the time.  If
   such protection is not used, anyone can see this secret.  Host A then
   connects to the provided host name and passes the secret in the clear
   across the connection to B. Host A assumes that it is talking to B
   based on where it sent the SYN packet and then delivers the secret in
   plain text across the connections.  Host B assumes it is talking to A
   because the host on the other end of the connection delivered the
   secret.  An attacker that could ACK the SYN packet could insert
   itself as a man in the middle in the connection.

   When using TLS connections, the security is significantly improved.
   We assume that the host accepting the connection has a certificate
   from a well-known certificate authority.  Furthermore, we assume that
   the signaling to set up the session is protected by the rendezvous
   protocol.  In this case, when host A contacts host B, the secret is
   passed through a confidential channel to A. A connects with TLS to B.
   B presents a valid certificate, so A knows it really is connected to
   B. A then delivers the secret provided by B, so that B can verify it
   is connected to A. In this case, a rogue SIP Proxy can see the secret
   in the SIP signaling traffic and could potentially insert itself as a
   man-in-the-middle.

   Realistically, using TLS with certificates from well known
   certificate authorities is difficult for peer-to-peer connections, as
   the types of hosts that end clients use for sending instant messages
   are unlikely to have long-term stable IP addresses or DNS names that
   certificates can bind to.  In addition, the cost of server
   certificates from well-known certificate authorities is currently
   expensive enough to discourage their use for each client.  Using TLS
   in a peer-to-peer mode without well known certificate is discussed in
   Section 14.3.

   TLS becomes much more practical when some form of relay is
   introduced.  Clients can then form TLS connections to relays, which
   are much more likely to have TLS certificates.  While this
   specification does not address such relays, they are described by a
   companion document [22].  That document makes extensive use of TLS to
   protect traffic between clients and relays, and between one relay and
   another.

   TLS is used to authenticate devices and to provide integrity and
   confidentiality for the header fields being transported.  MSRP
   elements MUST implement TLS and MUST also implement the TLS
   ClientExtendedHello extended hello information for server name
   indication as described in [11].  A TLS cipher-suite of
   TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA [13] MUST be supported (other cipher-
   suites MAY also be supported).




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14.2.  S/MIME

   The only strong security for non-TLS connections is achieved using
   S/MIME.

   Since MSRP carries arbitrary MIME content, it can trivially carry
   S/MIME protected messages as well.  All MSRP implementations MUST
   support the multipart/signed MIME type even if they do not support
   S/MIME.  Since SIP can carry a session key, S/MIME messages in the
   context of a session could also be protected using a key-wrapped
   shared secret [27] provided in the session setup.  MSRP can carry
   unencoded binary payloads.  Therefore MIME bodies MUST be transferred
   with a transfer encoding of binary.  If a message is both signed and
   encrypted, it SHOULD be signed first, then encrypted.  If S/MIME is
   supported, SHA-1, RSA, and AES-128 MUST be supported.

   This does not actually require the endpoint to have certificates from
   a well-known certificate authority.  When MSRP is used with SIP, the
   Identity [16] and Certificates [24] mechanisms provide S/MIME based
   delivery of a secret between A and B. No SIP intermediary except the
   explicitly trusted authentication service (one per user) can see the
   secret.  The S/MIME encryption of the SDP can also be used by SIP to
   exchange keying material that can be used in MSRP.  The MSRP session
   can then use S/MIME with this keying material to encrypt and sign
   messages sent over MSRP.  The connection can still be hijacked since
   the secret is sent in clear text to the other end of the TCP
   connection, but the consequences are mitigated if all the MSRP
   content is encrypted and signed with S/MIME.  Although out of scope
   for this document, the SIP negotiation of MSRP session can negotiate
   symmetric keying material to be used with S/MIME for integrity and
   privacy.

14.3.  Using TLS in Peer to Peer Mode

   TLS can be used with a self-signed certificate as long as there is a
   mechanism for both sides to ascertain that the other side used the
   correct certificate.  When used with SDP and SIP, the correct
   certificate can be verified by passing a fingerprint of the
   certificate in the SDP and ensuring that the SDP has suitable
   integrity protection.  When SIP is used to transport the SDP, the
   integrity can be provided by the SIP Identity mechanism[16].  The
   rest of this section describes the details of this approach.

   If self-signed certificates are used, the content of the
   subjectAltName attribute inside the certificate MAY use the uniform
   resource identifier (URI) of the user.  In SIP, this URI of the user
   is the User's Address of Record (AOR).  This is useful for debugging
   purposes only and is not required to bind the certificate to one of



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   the communication endpoints.  Unlike normal TLS operations in this
   protocol, when doing peer-to-peer TLS, the subjectAltName is not an
   important component of the certificate verification.  If the endpoint
   is also able to make anonymous sessions, a distinct, unique
   certificate MUST be used for this purpose.  For a client that works
   with multiple users, each user SHOULD have its own certificate.
   Because the generation of public/private key pairs is relatively
   expensive, endpoints are not required to generate certificates for
   each session.

   A certificate fingerprint is the output of a one-way hash function
   computed over the distinguished encoding rules (DER) form of the
   certificate.  The endpoint MUST use the certificate fingerprint
   attribute as specified in [17] and MUST include this in the SDP.  The
   certificate presented during the TLS handshake needs to match the
   fingerprint exchanged via the SDP and if the fingerprint does not
   match the hashed certificate then the endpoint MUST tear down the
   media session immediately.

   When using SIP, the integrity of the fingerprint can be ensured
   through the SIP Identity mechanism [16].  When a client wishes to use
   SIP to set up a secure MSRP session with another endpoint it sends an
   SDP offer in a SIP message to the other endpoint.  This offer
   includes, as part of the SDP payload, the fingerprint of the
   certificate that the endpoint wants to use.  The SIP message
   containing the offer is sent to the offerer's SIP proxy which will
   add an Identity header according to the procedures outlined in [16].
   When the far endpoint receives the SIP message it can verify the
   identity of the sender using the Identity header.  Since the Identity
   header is a digital signature across several SIP headers, in addition
   to the body or bodies of the SIP message, the receiver can also be
   certain that the message has not been tampered with after the digital
   signature was added to the SIP message.

   An example of SDP with a fingerprint attribute is shown in the
   following figure.  Note the fingerprint is shown spread over two
   lines due to formatting consideration but should all be on one line.

   c=IN IP4 atlanta.example.com
   m=message 7654 TCP/TLS/MSRP *
   a=accept-types:text/plain
   a=path:msrps://atlanta.example.com:7654/jshA7we;tcp
   a=fingerprint:SHA-1 \
         4A:AD:B9:B1:3F:82:18:3B:54:02:12:DF:3E:5D:49:6B:19:E5:7C:AB







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14.4.  Other Security Concerns

   MSRP cannot be used as an amplifier for DoS attacks, but it can be
   used to form a distributed attack to consume TCP connection resources
   on servers.  The attacker, Mallory, sends a SIP INVITE with no offer
   to Alice.  Alice returns a 200 with an offer and Mallory returns an
   answer with SDP indicating that his MSRP address is the address of
   Tom. Since Alice sent the offer, Alice will initiate a connection to
   Tom using up resources on Tom's server.  Given the huge number of IM
   clients, and the relatively few TCP connections that most servers
   support, this is a fairly straightforward attack.

   SIP is attempting to address issues in dealing with spam.  The spam
   issue is probably best dealt with at the SIP level when an MSRP
   session is initiated and not at the MSRP level.

   If a sender chooses to employ S/MIME to protect a message, all S/MIME
   operations apply to the complete message, prior to any breaking of
   the message into chunks.

   The signaling will have set up the session to or from some specific
   URLs that will often have "im:" or "sip:" URI schemes.  When the
   signaling has been set up to a specific end user, and S/MIME is
   implemented, then the client needs to verify that the name in the
   SubjectAltName of the certificate contains an entry that matches the
   URI that was used for the other end in the signaling.  There are some
   cases, such as IM conferencing, where the S/MIME certificate name and
   the signaled identity will not match.  In these cases, the client
   should ensure that the user is informed that the message came from
   the user identified in the certificate and does not assume that the
   message came from the party they signaled.

   In some cases, a sending device may need to attribute a message to
   some other identity, and may use different identities for different
   messages in the same session.  For example, a conference server may
   send messages on behalf of multiple users on the same session.
   Rather than add additional header fields to MSRP for this purpose,
   MSRP relies on the message/cpim format for this purpose.  The sender
   may envelop such a message in a message/cpim body, and place the
   actual sender identity in the From field.  The trustworthiness of
   such an attribution is affected by the security properties of the
   session in the same way that the trustworthiness of the identity of
   the actual peer is affected, with the additional issue of determining
   whether the recipient trusts the sender to assert the identity.

   This approach can result in nesting of message/cpim envelopes.  For
   example, a message originates from a CPIM gateway, and is then
   forwarded by a conference server onto a new session.  Both the



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   gateway and the conference server introduce envelopes.  In this case,
   the recipient client SHOULD indicate the chain of identity assertions
   to the user, rather than allow the user to assume that either the
   gateway or the conference server originated the message.

   It is possible that a recipient might receive messages that are
   attributed to the same sender via different MSRP sessions.  For
   example, Alice might be in a conversation with Bob via an MSRP
   session over a TLS protected channel.  Alice might then receive a
   different message from Bob over a different session, perhaps with a
   conference server that asserts Bob's identity in a message/cpim
   envelope signed by the server.

   MSRP does not prohibit multiple simultaneous sessions between the
   same pair of identities.  Nor does it prohibit an endpoint sending a
   message on behalf of another identity, such as may be the case for a
   conference server.  The recipient's endpoint should determine its
   level of trust of the authenticity of the sender independently for
   each session.  The fact that an endpoint trusts the authenticity of
   the sender on any given session should not affect the level of trust
   it assigns for apparently the same sender on a different session.

   When MSRP clients form or acquire a certificate, they SHOULD ensure
   that the subjectAltName has a GeneralName entry of type
   uniformResourceIdentifier for each URL corresponding to this client
   and should always include an "im:" URI.  It is fine if the
   certificate contains other URIs such as "sip:" or "xmpp:" URIs.

   MSRP implementors should be aware of a potential attack on MSRP
   devices that involves placing very large values in the byte-range
   header field, potentially causing the device to allocate very large
   memory buffers to hold the message.  Implementations SHOULD apply
   some degree of sanity checking on byte-range values before allocating
   such buffers.


15.  IANA Considerations

   This specification instructs IANA to create a new registry for MSRP
   parameters.  The MSRP Parameter registry is a container for sub-
   registries.  This section further introduces sub-registries for MSRP
   method names, status codes, and header field names.

   Additionally, Section 15.4 through Section 15.7 register new
   parameters in existing IANA registries.

   [NOTE TO IANA/RFC Editor: Please replace all occurrences of RFCXXXX
   in this section with the actual number assigned to this document.]



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15.1.  MSRP Method Names

   This specification establishes the Method sub-registry under MSRP
   Parameters and initiates its population as follows.  New parameters
   in this sub-registry must be published in an RFC (either as an IETF
   submission or RFC Editor submission).

      SEND - [RFCXXXX]
      REPORT - [RFCXXXX]

   The following information MUST be provided in an RFC publication in
   order to register a new MSRP Method:

      The method name.
      The RFC number in which the method is registered.

15.2.  MSRP Header Fields

   This specification establishes the header field-Field sub-registry
   under MSRP Parameters.  New parameters in this sub-registry must be
   published in an RFC (either as an IETF submission or RFC Editor
   submission).  Its initial population is defined as follows:

      To-Path - [RFCXXXX]
      From-Path - [RFCXXXX]
      Success-Report - [RFCXXXX]
      Failure-Report - [RFCXXXX]
      Byte-Range - [RFCXXXX]
      Status - [RFCXXXX]

   The following information MUST be provided in an RFC publication in
   order to register a new MSRP header field:

      The header field name.
      The RFC number in which the method is registered.

15.3.  MSRP Status Codes

   This specification establishes the Status-Code sub-registry under
   MSRP Parameters.  New parameters in this sub-registry must be
   published in an RFC (either as an IETF submission or RFC Editor
   submission).  Its initial population is defined in Section 10.  It
   takes the following format:

      Code [RFC Number]

   The following information MUST be provided in an RFC publication in
   order to register a new MSRP status code:



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      The status code number.
      The RFC number in which the method is registered.

15.4.  MSRP Port

   MSRP uses TCP port XYZ.  Usage of this value is described in
   Section 6.

   [NOTE TO IANA/RFC Editor: Please replace XYZ in this section with the
   assigned port number.]

15.5.  MSRP URL Schemes

   This document defines the URL schemes of "msrp" and "msrps".

   Syntax: See Section 6.
   Character Encoding: See Section 6.
   Intended Usage: See Section 6.
   Protocols: The Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP).
   Security Considerations: See Section 14.
   Relevant Publications: RFCXXXX

15.6.  SDP Transport Protocol

   MSRP defines the a new SDP protocol field values "TCP/MSRP" and "TCP/
   TLS/MSRP", which should be registered in the sdp-parameters registry
   under "proto".  This first value indicates the MSRP protocol when TCP
   is used as an underlying transport.  The second indicates that TLS is
   used.

   Specifications defining new protocol values must define the rules for
   the associated media format namespace.  The "TCP/MSRP" and "TCP/TLS/
   MSRP" protocol values allow only one value in the format field (fmt),
   which is a single occurrence of "*".  Actual format determination is
   made using the "accept-types" and "accept-wrapped-types" attributes.

15.7.  SDP Attribute Names

   This document registers the following SDP attribute parameter names
   in the sdp-parameters registry.  These names are to be used in the
   SDP att-name field.

15.7.1.  Accept Types








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   Contact Information: Ben Campbell (ben@estacado.net)
   Attribute-name:  accept-types
   Long-form Attribute Name: Acceptable MIME Types
   Type: Media level
   Subject to Charset Attribute: No
   Purpose and Appropriate Values: The "accept-types" attribute contains
      a list of MIME content-types that the endpoint is willing to
      receive.  It may contain zero or more registered MIME types, or
      "*" in a space delimited string.

15.7.2.  Wrapped Types

   Contact Information: Ben Campbell (ben@estacado.net)
   Attribute-name:  accept-wrapped-types
   Long-form Attribute Name: Acceptable MIME Types Inside Wrappers
   Type: Media level
   Subject to Charset Attribute: No
   Purpose and Appropriate Values: The "accept-wrapped-types" attribute
      contains a list of MIME content-types that the endpoint is willing
      to receive in an MSRP message with multipart content, but may not
      be used as the outermost type of the message.  It may contain zero
      or more registered MIME types, or "*" in a space delimited string.

15.7.3.  Max Size

   Contact Information: Ben Campbell (ben@estacado.net)
   Attribute-name:  max-size
   Long-form Attribute Name: Maximum message size.
   Type: Media level
   Subject to Charset Attribute: No
   Purpose and Appropriate Values: The "max-size" attribute indicates
      the largest message an endpoint wishes to accept.  It may take any
      numeric value, specified in octets.

15.7.4.  Path

   Contact Information: Ben Campbell (ben@estacado.net)
   Attribute-name:  path
   Long-form Attribute Name: MSRP URL Path
   Type: Media level
   Subject to Charset Attribute: No
   Purpose and Appropriate Values: The "path" attribute indicates a
      series of MSRP devices that must be visited by messages sent in
      the session, including the final endpoint.  The attribute contains
      one or more MSRP URIs, delimited by the space character.






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16.  Contributors and Acknowledgments

   In addition to the editors, the following people contributed
   extensive work to this document: Chris Boulton, Paul Kyzivat, Orit
   Levin, Hans Persson, Adam Roach, Jonathan Rosenberg, and Robert
   Sparks.

   The following people contributed substantial discussion and feedback
   to this ongoing effort: Eric Burger, Allison Mankin, Jon Peterson,
   Brian Rosen, Dean Willis, Aki Niemi, Hisham Khartabil, Pekka Pessi,
   Miguel Garcia, Peter Ridler, Sam Hartman, and Jean Mahoney.


17.  References

17.1.  Normative References

   [1]   Dierks, T. and C. Allen, "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0",
         RFC 2246, January 1999.

   [2]   Handley, M., Jacobson, V., and C. Perkins, "SDP: Session
         Description Protocol", draft-ietf-mmusic-sdp-new-26 (work in
         progress), July 2006.

   [3]   Rosenberg, J. and H. Schulzrinne, "An Offer/Answer Model with
         Session Description Protocol (SDP)", RFC 3264, June 2002.

   [4]   Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
         Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M., and E. Schooler, "SIP:
         Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.

   [5]   Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
         Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.

   [6]   Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
         Specifications: ABNF", RFC 2234, November 1997.

   [7]   Ramsdell, B., "Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
         (S/MIME) Version 3.1 Message Specification", RFC 3851,
         July 2004.

   [8]   Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
         Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies",
         RFC 2045, November 1996.

   [9]   Troost, R., Dorner, S., and K. Moore, "Communicating
         Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The Content-
         Disposition header field", RFC 2183, August 1997.



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   [10]  Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., and L. Masinter, "Uniform
         Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax", RFC 3986,
         January 2005.

   [11]  Blake-Wilson, S., Nystrom, M., Hopwood, D., Mikkelsen, J., and
         T. Wright, "Transport Layer Security (TLS) Extensions",
         RFC 3546, June 2003.

   [12]  Klyne, G. and D. Atkins, "Common Presence and Instant Messaging
         (CPIM): Message Format", RFC 3862, August 2004.

   [13]  Chown, P., "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Ciphersuites for
         Transport Layer Security (TLS)", RFC 3268, June 2002.

   [14]  Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646",
         RFC 3629, November 2003.

   [15]  Freed, N. and N. Borenstein, "Multipurpose Internet Mail
         Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types", rfc 2046,
         November 1996.

   [16]  Peterson, J. and C. Jennings, "Enhancements for Authenticated
         Identity Management in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)",
         draft-ietf-sip-identity-06 (work in progress), October 2005.

   [17]  Lennox, J., "Connection-Oriented Media Transport over the
         Transport Layer Security (TLS) Protocol in the Session
         Description Protocol (SDP)", draft-ietf-mmusic-comedia-tls-06
         (work in progress), March 2006.

17.2.  Informational References

   [18]  Johnston, A. and O. Levin, "Session Initiation Protocol Call
         Control - Conferencing for User Agents",
         draft-ietf-sipping-cc-conferencing-07 (work in progress),
         June 2005.

   [19]  Rosenberg, J., Peterson, J., Schulzrinne, H., and G. Camarillo,
         "Best Current Practices for Third Party Call Control in the
         Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3725, April 2004.

   [20]  Sparks, R., Johnston, A., and D. Petrie, "Session Initiation
         Protocol Call Control - Transfer",
         draft-ietf-sipping-cc-transfer-06 (work in progress),
         March 2006.

   [21]  Campbell, B., Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Huitema, C., and
         D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for



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         Instant Messaging", RFC 3428, December 2002.

   [22]  Jennings, C., Mahy, R., and A. Roach, "Relay Extensions for
         Message Sessions Relay Protocol (MSRP)",
         draft-ietf-simple-msrp-relays-07 (work in progress),
         February 2006.

   [23]  Rosenberg, J., "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE
         Method", RFC 3311, October 2002.

   [24]  Jennings, C. and J. Peterson, "Certificate Management Service
         for SIP", draft-ietf-sipping-certs-03 (work in progress),
         March 2006.

   [25]  Yon, D. and G. Camarillo, "Connection-Oriented Media Transport
         in SDP", rfc 4145, September 2005.

   [26]  Peterson, J., "A Common Profile for Instant Messaging (CPIM)",
         rfc 3860, August 2004.

   [27]  Housley, R., "Triple-DES and RC2 Key Wrapping", RFC 3217,
         December 2001.

   [28]  Camarillo, G. and H. Schulzrinne, "Early Media and Ringing Tone
         Generation in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", rfc 3960,
         December 2004.

   [29]  Saint-Andre, P., "Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
         (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence", RFC 3921,
         October 2004.

   [30]  Rosenberg, J., "Indicating User Agent Capabilities in the
         Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3840, August 2004.

   [31]  Peterson, J., "Address Resolution for Instant Messaging and
         Presence", rfc 3861, August 2004.















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Authors' Addresses

   Ben Campbell (editor)
   Estacado Systems
   17210 Campbell Road
   Suite 250
   Dallas, TX  75252
   USA

   Email: ben@estacado.net


   Rohan Mahy (editor)
   Plantronics
   345 Encincal Street
   Santa Cruz, CA
   USA

   Email: rohan@ekabal.com


   Cullen Jennings (editor)
   Cisco Systems, Inc.
   170 West Tasman Dr.
   MS: SJC-21/2
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Phone: +1 408 421-9990
   Email: fluffy@cisco.com





















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