SIMPLE J. Rosenberg
Internet-Draft dynamicsoft
Expires: August 16, 2004 February 16, 2004
A Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Modification
Events for the Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access
Protocol (XCAP) Managed Documents
draft-ietf-simple-xcap-package-01
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.
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This Internet-Draft will expire on August 16, 2004.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2004). All Rights Reserved.
Abstract
This specification defines a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) event
package for finding out about changes to documents managed by the
Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol
(XCAP). XCAP allows a client to manipulate XML documents on a server
which contain configuration information for application protocols.
Multiple clients can potentially access the same document, in which
case the other clients would like to be notified of a change in the
document made by another. This event package allows a client to do
that.
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Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Document Change Event Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Package Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Event Package Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 SUBSCRIBE Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.4 Subscription Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.5 NOTIFY Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.6 Notifier Processing of SUBSCRIBE Requests . . . . . . . . . 6
2.7 Notifier Generation of NOTIFY Requests . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.8 Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.9 Handling of Forked Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.10 Rate of Notifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.11 State Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3. application/xml-change+xml Media Type . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.1 XML Schema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Example Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
5. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.1 SIP Event Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.2 application/xcap-change+xml MIME Type . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.3 URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-change . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements . . . . . . . 19
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1. Introduction
The Extensible Markup Language (XML) Configuration Access Protocol
(XCAP) [10] is a protocol that allows clients to manipulate XML
documents stored on a server. These XML documents serve as
configuration information for application protocols. As an example,
resource list [11] subscriptions (also known as presence lists) allow
a client to have a single SIP subscription to a list of users, where
the list is maintained on a server. The server will obtain presence
for those users and report it back to the client. This application
requires the server, called a Resource List Server (RLS), to have
access to the list of presentities. This list needs to be manipulated
by clients so they can add and remove their friends as they desire.
Complexities arise when multiple clients attempt to simultaneously
manipulate a document, such as a presence list. Frequently, a client
will keep a copy of the current list in memory, so it can render it
to users. However, if another client modifies the document, the
cached version becomes stale. This information must be made known to
all clients which have cached copies of the document, so that they
can fetch the most recent one.
This problem is addressed by this specification, which provides a
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) [1]event package [2] for
subscribing to changes in documents managed by an XCAP server. This
package would be used by any client which is retaining a cached copy
of a document obtained by XCAP, so that it can find out when a change
has been made, invalidating its cached copy. In fact, the
notifications generated by this package indicate the specific change
which occurred in the document, so the client can decide whether the
change is significant enough to warrant a refetch from the XCAP
server.
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2. Document Change Event Package
The SIP event framework [2] defines a SIP extension for subscribing
to, and receiving notifications of, events. It leaves the definition
of many aspects of these events to concrete extensions, known as
event packages. This document qualifies as an event package. This
section fills in the information required for all event packages by
RFC 3265.
2.1 Package Name
The name of this package is "xcap-change". As specified in RFC 3265
[2], this value appears in the Event header field present in
SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY requests.
2.2 Event Package Parameters
The SIP event framework allows event packages to define additional
parameters carried in the Event header field. This package defines a
single event header parameter, called "doc-component", which
specifies a particular document and document component which is being
to subscribed to. The request-URI specifies the user whose data is
being subscribed to. To subscribe to global data, a user agent would
subscribed to a special user name that is configured into the UA. The
name "global-xcap-user" is RECOMMENDED, and SHOULD be used if no
explicit user name is provisioned. By default, a subscription is for
all XCAP data associated with that user. The header field parameter
allows the subscription to specify a specific document and document
sub-tree.
The format of this header field parameter is a quoted string. The
value of this string is the portion of an XCAP URI to the right of
the directory for the user, in the case of user data, or to the right
of the global directory for global data. The XCAP URI can only refer
to a document or to an element within that document. When the URI
represents a document, the subscription is to changes anywhere in the
document. When it is to an element, the subscription is to changes
that occur in the attributes or content of that element, including
all children. For example, if a user wishes to subscribe to http://
xcap.example.com/services/presence-lists/users/joe/mydir/friends.xml,
the event header parameter would be "mydir/friends.xml".
OPEN ISSUE: There is no way to specify that a subscription is to
multiple documents. Multiple subscriptions would be needed for
that. Is that limitation OK for now? A filter can fix that down
the road.
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2.3 SUBSCRIBE Bodies
A SUBSCRIBE request MAY contain a body. The purpose of the body
depends on its type. Subscriptions will normally not contain bodies.
The Request-URI, which identifies the user whose data is being
subscribed to, combined with the event package name and parameter, is
sufficient for this package.
One type of body that can be included in a SUBSCRIBE request is a
filter document. These filters request that only document change
events generate notifications, or would ask for a restriction on the
set of data returned in NOTIFY requests. Filter documents are not
specified in this document, and at the time of writing, are expected
to be the subject of future standardization activity.
Honoring of these filters is at the policy discretion of the
notifier.
If the SUBSCRIBE request does not contain a filter, this tells the
notifier that no filter is to be applied. The notifier SHOULD send
NOTIFY requests at the discretion of its own policy.
2.4 Subscription Duration
Generally speaking, changes to application configuration data are
relatively infrequent. Of course, this depends on the type of
application, but generally configuration data is static. As a result,
notifications are expected infrequently, and subscriptions will
typically be held for long periods of time. This would argue for long
subscription refresh intervals. For this reason, the default
subscription duration is two hours. Of course, a different duration
can be requested by a client, or set by a server, using the Expires
header field, as per RFC 3265 [2].
2.5 NOTIFY Bodies
As described in RFC 3265 [2], the NOTIFY message will contain bodies
that describe the state of the subscribed resource. This body is in a
format listed in the Accept header field of the SUBSCRIBE, or a
package-specific default if the Accept header field was omitted from
the SUBSCRIBE.
In this event package, the body of the notification contains a
document change document. This document describes the current version
of an XML document managed by XCAP, in addition to the changes in
this document from the previous version. Note that a listing of
changes from the previous version is only sent in a NOTIFY triggered
by a change to the document. NOTIFY requests sent in response to an
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initial SUBSCRIBE, or a SUBSCRIBE refresh, only indicate the current
version of the XML document. They do not contain the actual full
contents of the XML document. In other words, the resource being
subscribed to is NOT the XML document itself, but rather, the version
history for the document.
OPEN ISSUE: This is the main issue in this specification. There
are three potential scopes. The first is that subscription is to
the document itself, in which case a full state update in a NOTIFY
contains the current document. The second is a subscription to the
revision history, which gives you changes, but not the full state
of the document. The third option is to just subscribe to the
etag, so that you know that something changed, but the
notifications don't tell you anything about what changed. Which do
we need? The latter is the simplest, good for the case where third
party modification of documents is rare.
All subscribers and notifiers MUST support the "application/
xcap-change+xml" data format described in Section 3. The subscribe
request MAY contain an Accept header field. If no such header field
is present, it has a default value of "application/xcap-change+xml".
If the header field is present, it MUST include "application/
xcap-change+xml", and MAY include any other types capable of
representing changes in XCAP documents.
2.6 Notifier Processing of SUBSCRIBE Requests
This subsection defines package-specific processing at the notifier
when it receives a SUBSCRIBE request. General processing rules for
requests are covered in Section 8.2 of RFC 3261 [1], in addition to
general SUBSCRIBE processing in RFC 3265 [2].
A notifier for this package SHOULD authenticate all subscribers.
Generally, subscribers will have a pre-existing relationship with the
notifier. This is because the principle application of this package
is for a client of XCAP (which will have a relationship with the XCAP
server) to find out about changes in cached documents. Therefore, the
HTTP Digest mechanism in SIP is a good match for authentication, and
MUST be supported by all clients and servers. Note that this
authentication mechanism is already mandatory for all SIP-compliant
implementations.
Once authenticated, the server SHOULD authorize the subscriber.
Generally, this authorization policy SHOULD mirror the authorization
policy defined in an XCAP application usage for read access. Thats
because this package provides a form of read-access, and the
permissions should not differ based on whether the read is performed
with XCAP or with a SIP SUBSCRIBE request.
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2.7 Notifier Generation of NOTIFY Requests
RFC 3265 details the formatting and structure of NOTIFY messages.
However, packages are mandated to provide detailed information on
when to send a NOTIFY, how to compute the state of the resource, how
to generate neutral or fake state information, and whether state
information is complete or partial. This section describes those
details for the presence event package.
A notifier MAY send a notification at any time. Typically, it will
send one after a document managed by an XCAP server has changed as
the result of an XCAP operation. This notification contains an
application/xcap-change+xml document that specifies the current
version (as a server modification time) for the XML document being
subscribed to. It also contains information about what changed -
whether a new element or attribute was added, whether an existing one
changed, or whether an existing one was deleted, and indicates
against which version those changes were made. The xcap-change
document also contains a hash of the new XML document.
Notifications sent in response to SUBSCRIBE requests (either initial
or refresh), or sent when there is a change in subscription state,
will normally only contain the current version of the XML document
being subscribed to.
The body of the NOTIFY MUST be sent using one of the types listed in
the Accept header field in the most recent SUBSCRIBE request, or
using the type "application/xcap-change+xml" if no Accept header
field was present.
2.8 Subscriber Processing of NOTIFY Requests
RFC 3265 [2] leaves it to event packages to describe the process
followed by the subscriber upon receipt of a NOTIFY request,
including any logic required to form a coherent resource state.
In this package, the notifications can be optionally used by the
client to determine the state of the XML document being subscribed
to. When a client receives a notification, it checks the version
against which the changes are relative. If this is not the same as
the version currently cached by the client, the client SHOULD use
XCAP to fetch the latest version of the document. If it is the same,
the client applies the change to its local cache of the document. To
apply the changes, the client follows the procedures defined by XCAP
[10] as if it were the HTTP server. After applying the changes, the
client applies the mandatory XML canonicalization defined in the
Canonical XML 1.0 [3] specification, and computes an HMAC [12] using
SHA1 over this canonical document, with a key whose value is 0x2238a.
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The resulting string is compared with the hash attribute of the
xml-change document. If they match, the client can be sure that it
has the most up to date version. If they don't match, the client
SHOULD fetch the most current version of the document.
Of course, this mechanism for computing the most current document
from the hash is optional. A client can elect to ignore the
information on what changed and simply fetch the most recent document
every time it gets a change indication where the new version is not
the same as the one cached by the client.
2.9 Handling of Forked Requests
RFC 3265 [2] requires each package to describe handling of forked
SUBSCRIBE requests.
This specification only allows a single dialog to be constructed as a
result of emitting an initial SUBSCRIBE request. Section 4.4.9 of RFC
3265 [2] describes the processing that is required to guarantee the
creation of a single dialog in response to a SUBSCRIBE request.
2.10 Rate of Notifications
RFC 3265 [2] requires each package to specify the maximum rate at
which notifications can be sent. A notifier SHOULD NOT generate
notifications at a rate of more than once every five seconds.
2.11 State Agents
RFC 3265 [2] requires each package to consider the role of state
agents in the package, and if they are used, to specify how
authentication and authorization are done.
State agents play no role in this package.
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3. application/xml-change+xml Media Type
An xml-change document is an XML [4] document that MUST be
well-formed and SHOULD be valid. XML-change documents MUST be based
on XML 1.0 and MUST be encoded using UTF-8. This specification makes
use of XML namespaces for identifying xml-change documents and
document fragments. The namespace URI for elements defined by this
specification is a URN [5], using the namespace identifier 'ietf'
defined by [7] and extended by [8]. This URN is:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xml-change
An xml-change document begins with the root element tag "documents".
It consists of any number of "document" sub-elements, each of which
conveys information on a particular document. Other elements from
different namespaces MAY be present for the purposes of
extensibility; elements or attributes from unknown namespaces MUST be
ignored.
Each "document" element consists of zero or more "change" elements,
each of which conveys information about a specific change to the
document. Other elements from different namespaces MAY be present for
the purposes of extensibility; elements or attributes from unknown
namespaces MUST be ignored. There are four attributes associated with
the "document" element:
uri: specifies the HTTP URI that identifies the document.
new-etag: specifies the etag of the document after the application of
the change. This attribute is mandatory.
previous-etag: specifies the etag of the version of the document
against which the change was made. This attribute MUST be present
if any change sub-elements are present.
hash: specifies an HMAC of the new document, represented in canonical
form. See Section 2.8 for details on how this value is computed.
This attribute MUST be present if any change sub-elements are
present.
Each "change" element contains text. This text contains the exact
value present in the HTTP request that caused the change in the
document. If that content was XML, it is represented in the
xml-change document as CDATA. There are two attributes associated
with this element:
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uri: contains the URI that the HTTP request contained in the
Request-URI. This attribute is mandatory.
method: contains the method of the HTTP request. This attribute is
mandatory.
OPEN ISSUE: Probably it would be better to describe the changes
more generically, rather than binding them to the specifics of
XCAP. Indeed, if there is any non-determinism in how the server
computes the document resulting from an XCAP operation, this
approach will not work. We can either use patch or define a
specific XML patch format.
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3.1 XML Schema
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xs:schema targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xml-change"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:tns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xml-change"
elementFormDefault="qualified" attributeFormDefault="unqualified">
<xs:element name="documents">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="tns:document" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="tns:change" type="xs:string" maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="tns:uri" type="xs:anyURI" use="required"/>
<xs:attribute name="tns:new-etag" type="xs:string" use="required"/>
<xs:attribute name="tns:previous-etag" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>
<xs:attribute name="tns:hash" type="xs:string" use="optional"/>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:any namespace="##other" processContents="lax" minOccurs="0"
maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:simpleType name="httpMethod">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:enumeration value="PUT"/>
<xs:enumeration value="DELETE"/>
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>
3.2 Example Document
The following is an example of a document compliant to the schema:
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<documents xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<document
uri="http://xcap.example.com/s/presence-lists/users/bill/foo.xml"
new-etag="asdnasd9asd8asd7"
previous-etag="s99s99s9s9sjja"
hash="<hash value>">
<change method="DELETE"
uri="http://xcap.example.com/s/presence-lists/
users/bill/foo.xml?presence-lists/entry[@name="bob"]/uri"/>
</document>
</documents>
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4. Security Considerations
The security considerations for this package are similar to those of
XCAP. The configuration data can contain sensitive information, and
both the client and the server need to authenticate each other. As
such, a notifier for this package MUST support HTTP Digest to
authenticate subscribers. Notifiers and subscribers MAY use SIPs S/
MIME feature to provide authentication and message integrity.
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5. IANA Considerations
There are several IANA considerations associated with this
specification.
5.1 SIP Event Package
This specification registers an event package, based on the
registration procedures defined in RFC 3265 [2]. The following is the
information required for such a registration:
Package Name: xml-change
Package or Template-Package: This is a package.
Published Document: RFC XXXX (Note to RFC Editor: Please fill in XXXX
with the RFC number of this specification).
Person to Contact: Jonathan Rosenberg, jdrosen@jdrosen.net.
5.2 application/xcap-change+xml MIME Type
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: xcap-change+xml
Mandatory parameters: none
Optional parameters: Same as charset parameter application/xml as
specified in RFC 3023 [6].
Encoding considerations: Same as encoding considerations of
application/xml as specified in RFC 3023 [6].
Security considerations: See Section 10 of RFC 3023 [6] and
Section 4 of this specification.
Interoperability considerations: none.
Published specification: This document.
Applications which use this media type: This document type has
been used to support manipulation of presence lists [13] using
XCAP.
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Additional Information:
Magic Number: None
File Extension: .xcd or .xml
Macintosh file type code: "TEXT"
Personal and email address for further information: Jonathan
Rosenberg, jdrosen@jdrosen.net
Intended usage: COMMON
Author/Change controller: The IETF.
5.3 URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-change
This section registers a new XML namespace, as per the guidelines in
[8]
URI: The URI for this namespace is
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xcap-change.
Registrant Contact: IETF, SIMPLE working group,
(simple@mailman.dynamicsoft.com), Jonathan Rosenberg
(jdrosen@jdrosen.net).
XML:
BEGIN
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
<title>XCAP Change Namespace</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Namespace for XCAP Change</h1>
<h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:change-xml</h2>
<p>See <a href="[[[URL of published RFC]]]">RFCXXXX</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>
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END
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Normative References
[1] Rosenberg, J., Schulzrinne, H., Camarillo, G., Johnston, A.,
Peterson, J., Sparks, R., Handley, M. and E. Schooler, "SIP:
Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, June 2002.
[2] Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific Event
Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.
[3] Boyer, J., "Canonical XML Version 1.0", W3C REC
REC-xml-c14n-20010315, March 2001.
[4] Bray, T., Paoli, J., Sperberg-McQueen, C. and E. Maler,
"Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition)", W3C
FirstEdition REC-xml-20001006, October 2000.
[5] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
[6] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S. and D. Kohn, "XML Media Types", RFC
3023, January 2001.
[7] Moats, R., "A URN Namespace for IETF Documents", RFC 2648,
August 1999.
[8] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[9] Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Frystyk, H., Masinter, L.,
Leach, P. and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol --
HTTP/1.1", RFC 2616, June 1999.
[10] Rosenberg, J., "The Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP)",
draft-ietf-simple-xcap-01 (work in progress), October 2003.
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Informative References
[11] Roach, A., Rosenberg, J. and B. Campbell, "A Session Initiation
Protocol (SIP) Event Notification Extension for Resource
Lists", draft-ietf-simple-event-list-04 (work in progress),
June 2003.
[12] Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M. and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing
for Message Authentication", RFC 2104, February 1997.
[13] Rosenberg, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Configuration Access Protocol (XCAP) Usage for Presence
Lists", draft-ietf-simple-xcap-list-usage-01 (work in
progress), October 2003.
Author's Address
Jonathan Rosenberg
dynamicsoft
600 Lanidex Plaza
Parsippany, NJ 07054
US
Phone: +1 973 952-5000
EMail: jdrosen@dynamicsoft.com
URI: http://www.jdrosen.net
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BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
Rosenberg Expires August 16, 2004 [Page 19]
Internet-Draft XCAP Package February 2004
HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
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Acknowledgment
Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
Internet Society.
Rosenberg Expires August 16, 2004 [Page 20]
