SIP Working Group                                            James Polk
Internet Draft                                            Cisco Systems
Expiration: March 1st, 2007                                 Brian Rosen
                                                                NeuStar




            Session Initiation Protocol Location Conveyance
               draft-ietf-sip-location-conveyance-04.txt
                             Sept 1st, 2006


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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).

Abstract

   This document defines an extension to the Session Initiation
   Protocol (SIP) to convey geographic location information from one
   SIP entity to another SIP entity.  The extension covers end to end
   conveyance as well as location-based routing, where proxy servers
   make routing decisions based on the location of the UAC.



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Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  2
   2.  Conventions used in this document . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  Mechanisms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
       3.1 Overview of SIP Location Conveyance . . . . . . . . . . .  4
       3.2 The Geolocation Header  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
       3.3 424 (Bad Location Information) Response Code  . . . . . .  6
       3.4 The Geolocation Reason Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       3.5 The Geolocation Option Tag  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
       3.6 'routing-query-allowed' Element in PIDF-LO  . . . . . . .  8
       3.7 Using sip/sips/pres as a Dereference Protocol . . . . . .  8
   4.  Examples  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  8
       4.1 Location-by-value (Coordinate Format) . . . . . . . . . .  9
       4.2 Location-by-value (Civic Format)  . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       4.3 Location-by-reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   5.  SIP Element Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
       5.1 UAC Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
       5.2 UAS Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
       5.3 Proxy Behavior  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   6.  Special Considerations for Emergency Calls  . . . . . . . . . 15
   7.  Geopriv Privacy Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
   8.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
   9.  IANA Considerations   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
       9.1 IANA Registration for New SIP Geolocation Header  . . . . 17
       9.2 IANA Registration for New SIP Geolocation Option Tag  . . 17
       9.3 IANA Registration for New 4XX Response Code . . . . . . . 17
       9.4 IANA Registration of the Geolocation Reason Protocol  . . 17
   10. Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
   11. References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       11.1 Normative References   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       11.2 Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
       Author Information  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
       Appendix A. Changes from Prior Versions   . . . . . . . . . . 19
       Appendix B. Requirements for SIP Location Conveyance  . . . . 21
       Intellectual Property and Copyright Statements  . . . . . . . 26


1.  Introduction

   This document describes how Location can be "conveyed" (that is,
   sent on the Internet) from a SIP user agent, or in some
   circumstances a proxy server acting on behalf of a user agent, to
   another entity using the SIP [RFC3261] protocol.  Here "Location" is
   a description of the physical geographical area where a User Agent
   currently exists.  We use the term "conveyance" to distinguish other
   circumstances when a location is used such as how the entity
   conveying location using this extension determined where the
   location was (using, for example, an Assisted GPS mechanism) or a
   protocol by which the entity acquired the location it is conveying
   from another entity.



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   Geographic location in the IETF is discussed in RFC 3693 (Geopriv
   Requirements) [RFC3693].  It defines a "target" as the entity whose
   location is being transmitted, in this case, it is the user agent's
   (UA) location.  A [RFC3693] "using protocol" defines how a "location
   server" transmits a "location object" to a "location recipient"
   while maintaining the contained privacy intentions of the target
   intact. This document describes the extension to SIP for how it
   complies with the using protocol requirements, where the location
   server is a User Agent or Proxy Server and the location recipient is
   another User Agent or Proxy Server.

   Location can be transmitted by-value or by-reference.  The "value"
   used in this document is a location object as described in
   [RFC4119], that is, a PIDF-LO.  Location-by-value refers to a user
   agent including a PIDF-LO as a body part of a SIP message, sending
   that location object to another SIP element.  Location-by-reference
   refers to a user agent or proxy server including a URI in a SIP
   message which can be exchanged by a location recipient for a
   location object, in the form of a PIDF-LO.

   As recited in RFC3693, location often must be kept private.  The
   location object (PIDF-LO) contains rules which are binding on the
   location recipient and controls onward distribution and retention of
   the location.  This document describes the security and privacy
   considerations that must be applied to location conveyed with SIP.

   Often, location is sent from the User Agent Client to the User Agent
   Server, or vice versa for purposes that are beyond the scope of this
   document.  Another use for location is location-based routing of a
   SIP request, where the choice of the next hop (and usually, the
   outgoing Request URI) is determined by the location of the UAC which
   is in the message by-value or by-reference.  This document describes
   how location may be conveyed from the UAC, or a proxy acting on its
   behalf, to a routing proxy.  How the location is actually used to
   determine the next hop or Request-URI is beyond the scope of this
   document.

   The Geolocation header is introduced to signify that location is
   included in a SIP message to provide either a content identifier
   (cid:) pointer to the body part containing the UAs PIDF-LO, or a
   location-by-reference URI that may subsequently be "dereferenced" by
   a using protocol (which may be SIP or another protocol).

   In this document, we frequently refer to the "emergency case".  This
   refers to a specific, important use of sip location conveyance where
   the location of the caller is used to determine which Public Safety
   Answering Point (PSAP) should receive an emergency call request for
   help (e.g. a call to 1-1-2 or 9-1-1).  This is an example of
   location-based routing.  The location conveyed is also used by the
   PSAP to dispatch first responders to the caller's location.  There
   are special security considerations which make the emergency case
   unique, compared to a normal location conveyance within SIP.


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2.  Conventions used in this document

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL
   NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described
   in [RFC2119].

3.  Mechanisms

3.1 Overview of SIP Location Conveyance

   This document creates a new SIP header: Geolocation.  The
   Geolocation header contains either a URI which may be a "cid:" URI
   (Content Identification, per [RFC2392], or a location-by-reference
   URI to be dereferenced by a location recipient to retrieve the
   location of the UAC.

   Where the Geolocation header contains a "cid:", the URI points to a
   message body that is in the form of a PIDF [RFC3863], which was
   extended in [RFC4119] to include location, as a PIDF-LO. This is
   location-by-value, the actual location information in the PIDF-LO is
   included in the body of the message.

   If the URI in the Geolocation header is a scheme other than "cid:",
   another protocol operation is needed by the message recipient to
   obtain the location of the target (UA).  This is
   location-by-reference. This document describes how a SIP presence
   subscription [RFC3856] can be used as a dereference protocol.

   The Geolocation header, either with the PIDF-LO in a body or as a
   location-by-reference URI, may be included by a User Agent in a
   message.  A proxy server may assert location of the UA by inserting
   the header, which must specify a location-by-reference URI.  Since
   body parts may not be inserted by a proxy server, location-by-value
   cannot be inserted by a proxy.

   This document describes an extension to PIDF-LO, the
   "routing-query-allowed" element, defined in the 'usage-rules'
   element. When set, this allows an element receiving location to
   transmit the location to another element to obtain routing
   information.  When used in conjunction with the
   "retransmission-allowed" element, the rule maker can control
   distribution of the location information for location-based routing.

   This document also creates a new option tag: Geolocation, to
   indicate support for the Geolocation extension.  A new error message
   (424 Bad Location Information) is also defined in this document.






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3.2 The Geolocation Header

   This document creates and IANA registers a new SIP header:
   Geolocation.  The Geolocation header MUST contain one two types of
   URIs:

   o  a location-by-reference URI, or

   o  a content-ID indicating where location is within the message body
      of this message

   A location-by-reference URI is a pointer to a record on a remote
   node containing location of the location target, typically the
   UA in this transaction.

   A location-by-value content-ID (cid-url) [RFC2392] indicates which
   message body part contains location for this UA.

   The Geolocation header has the following BNF syntax:

   Geolocation        =  "Geolocation" HCOLON (locationURI *(COMMA
                          locationURI))
   locationURI        =  sip-URI / sips-URI / pres-URI / cidURI
                          / absoluteURI
   cidURI             =  "cid:" content-id

   content-id         =  addr-spec ; URL encoding of RFC3261 addr-spec

   The content-ID (cid:) is defined in [RFC2392] to locate message body
   parts.  This URI MUST be present if location is by-value in a
   message.

   sip-URI, sips-URI and absoluteURI are defined according to RFC3261.
   The pres-URI is defined in RFC 3859 [RFC3859].

   Other protocols used in the Location URI MUST be reviewed against
   the RFC3693 criteria for a using protocol.

   [Editor's Note:  The topic of how to control which protocols are
    allowed in the URI is still contentious.  There does seem to be
    consensus to have the ABNF syntax not restrict the scheme of the
    dereferencing protocol.  This ABNF conforms with how similar
    extensions are expressed in ABNF in RFC3261: the protocol's use
    defined by the document is included explicitly, and an "open" (e.g.
    absoluteURI) is included to allow any future protocol without
    changing (i.e. updating) the ABNF, for example, in this document.

    The text currently explicitly requires a Geopriv review of a new
    proposed dereferencing protocol.  This text is still subject to
    consensus discussions and represents what we believe the direction
    currently expressed by commenters.]



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   This document defines the Geolocation header as valid in:

      INVITE [RFC3261],
      REGISTER [RFC3261],
      OPTIONS [RFC3261],
      UPDATE [RFC3311],
      MESSAGE [RFC3428],
      SUBSCRIBE [RFC3265], and
      NOTIFY [RFC3265]

   Use of the header in BYE, INFO and REFER Methods is allowed,
   although no purpose is known.  Conveying location in a CANCEL, BYE,
   ACK or PRACK is not defined.  Discussing location using the PUBLISH
   Request Method out of scope for this document.

   The following table extends the values in Table 2&3 of RFC3261
   [RFC3261].

      Header field             where proxy INV ACK CAN BYE REG OPT PRA
      ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Geolocation              Rr    ar     o   -   -   o   o   o   -

      Header field             where proxy SUB NOT UPD MSG REF INF PUB
      ----------------------------------------------------------------
      Geolocation              Rr    ar     o   o   o   o   o   o   -

               Table 1: Summary of the Geolocation Header

   The Geolocation header MAY be included in one of the above messages
   by a User Agent.  A proxy MAY add the Geolocation header, but MUST
   NOT modify the contents of an existing Geolocation header.
   [RFC3261] states message bodies cannot be added by proxies.
   Therefore, a Geolocation header added by a proxy MUST specify
   location-by-reference.

   It is RECOMMENDED that only one Geolocation header (i.e. header
   value) be in the same message.  There MUST NOT be more than one
   cid-url pointing to the same location message body (part) in a SIP
   message.

   Entities receiving location information MUST honor the usage element
   rules per RFC4119.  Such entities MUST NOT alter the rule set.

3.3 424 (Bad Location Information) Response Code

   If a UAS or SIP intermediary detects an error
   in a request message specific to the location information supplied
   by-value or by-reference, a new 4XX level error is created here to
   indicate a problem with the request message.  This
   document creates and IANA registers the new error code:

      424 (Bad Location Information)


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   The 424 (Bad Location Information) response code is a rejection of
   the location contents, within the original SIP Request.  If the
   location was sent by-value, the error indicates the location
   information was malformed or not satisfactory for the recipient's
   purpose.  If the location was sent by-reference, the error indicates
   that location could not be obtained using the URI.  No further
   action by the UAC is required.  The UAC can use whatever means it
   knows of to verify/refresh its location information before
   attempting a new request that includes location. There is no
   cross-transaction awareness expected by either the UAS or SIP
   intermediary as a result of this error message.

   This new error code will be IANA registered in Section 9.

   More resolution of the error for which the 424 was generated MAY be
   included in a Reason header [RFC3326].  For these more granular
   location specific errors, the 'protocol' in the Reason header is
   'Geolocation', defined in Section 3.4.  RFC3326 states that the
   Reason Header normally is not found in a response.  This document
   extends the use of Reason to include its use within a 424 response.

3.4 The Geolocation Reason Protocol

   For use with the Reason header, this document defines and IANA
   registers a new Reason Protocol per RFC3326:

   Protocol Value  Protocol Cause    Reference
   Geolocation     Status            RFCyyyy (i.e. this document)

   Ed. Note: It has been agreed that Geopriv will create a new IANA
   registry for the reason code.


3.5  The Geolocation Option Tag

   This document creates and IANA registers one new option tag:
   "geolocation".  This option tag is to be used, per RFC 3261, in the
   Require, Supported and Unsupported headers.  Whenever a UA wants to
   indicate it understands this SIP extension, the geolocation option
   tag is included in a Supported header of the SIP message.

   The purpose of the geolocation option-tag is to indicate support for
   this extension in the Supported and Unsupported headers.  Appearance
   of the option tag in the Require header is a request for location to
   be conveyed.

   A UAC MUST NOT include this option tag in a Proxy-Require header,
   due to the fact that the UAC is not likely to understand the
   topology of the infrastructure, and therefore does not understand
   which proxy will do the location-based routing function.



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3.6 'routing-query-allowed' element in PIDF-LO

   This document extends the 'usage-rules' element of RFC4119 to
   include a new element, 'routing-query-allowed'.  When
   'routing-query-allowed' is set, the receiving element MAY forward
   the location information to another element to obtain routing
   information, even if 'retransmission-allowed' value is 'no'. By
   default, the value MUST be assumed to be 'no'

   The locPolicyType is extended to define this new element after
   'note-well':

     <xs:element name="routing query-allowed" type="xs:boolean"
        minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="1"/>


3.7 Using sip/sips/pres as a Dereference Protocol

   A sip, sips or pres URI SHOULD be included in a Geolocation header
   for the location-by-reference URI.  When pres: is used, if the
   resulting resolution, per [RFC3851], resolves to a sip: or sips:
   URI, this section applies.  Use of other protocols for dereferencing
   of a pres: URI is not defined, and such use is subject to review
   against RFC3693 using protocol criteria.

   Dereferencing using sip or sips MUST be accomplished by treating the
   URI as a presence URI and dereferencing is accomplished by a
   SUBSCRIBE to a presence service per [RFC3856].  The resulting NOTIFY
   will contain a PIDF, which MUST contain a PIDF-LO.

   When used in this manner, SIP is a using protocol per [RFC3693] and
   elements receiving location MUST honor the 'usage-element' rules as
   defined in Section 3.4 above.

   A dereference of a location-by-reference URI using SUBSCRIBE is not
   violating a PIDF-LO 'retransmission-allowed' element value set to
   'no', as the NOTIFY is the only message in this multi-message series
   of transactions that contains the UAC's location, with the location
   recipient being the only SIP element to receive location - which the
   purpose of this extension: to convey location to a specific
   destination.


4. Examples

   Three examples of messages providing location are provided.  One
   shows location-by-value with geo-coordinates, one shows
   location-by-value with civic location and the third shows
   location-by-reference.  The examples for (Geo format) are taken
   from [RFC3825] and (Civic format) are taken from [ID-CIVIC] and are
   for the exact same position on the Earth.  The differences between


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   the two formats is within the <gp:location-info> of the examples.
   Other than this portion of each PIDF-LO, the rest is the same for
   both location formats.

4.1 Location-by-value (Coordinate Format)

   This example shows an INVITE message with a coordinate, or geo
   location.  In this example, the SIP request uses a sips-URI
   [RFC3261], meaning this message is TLS protected on a hop-by-hop
   basis all the way to Bob's domain.

   INVITE sips:bob@biloxi.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TLS pc33.atlanta.example.com
     ;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sips:bob@biloxi.example.com>
   From: Alice <sips:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
   Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
   Geolocation: cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com
   Supported: geolocation
   Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml
   CSeq: 31862 INVITE
   Contact: <sips:alice@atlanta.example.com>
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1
   Content-Length: ...

   --boundary1

   Content-Type: application/sdp

   ...SDP here

   --boundary1

   Content-Type: application/pidf+xml
   Content-ID: alice123@atlanta.example.com

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
       <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
          xmlns:gp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10"
          xmlns:cl="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:civicAddr"
          xmlns:gs="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:geoShape"
          entity="pres:alice@atlanta.example.com">
        <tuple id="sg89ae">
         <timestamp>2006-03-20T14:00:00Z</timestamp>
         <status>
          <gp:geopriv>
            <gp:location-info>
              <gml:location>
                <gml:Point gml:id="point96" srsName="epsg:4326">
                  <gml:coordinates>33.001111N
                                   96.68142W</gml:coordinates>


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                </gml:Point>
               </gml:location>
            </gp:location-info>
            <gp:usage-rules>
              <gp:retransmission-allowed>no</gp:retransmission-allowed>
              <gp:retention-expiry>2006-03-24T18:00:00Z</gp:retention-
                            expiry>
              <gp:method>DHCP</gp:method>
              <gp:provided-by>www.cisco.com</gp:provided-by>
            </gp:usage-rules>
          </gp:geopriv>
         </status>
        </tuple>
       </presence>
   --boundary1--


   The Geolocation header from the above INVITE...

      Geolocation: cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com

   ...indicates the content-ID location [RFC2392] within the multipart
   message body of were location information is, with SDP being the
   other message body part.

   If the Geolocation header were this instead:

      Geolocation: <sips:server5.atlanta.example.com/alice123>

   ...this would indicate location by-reference was included in this
   message.  It is expected that any node wanting to know where user
   alice123 is would subscribe to server5 to dereference the sips-URI.
   The returning NOTIFY would contain Alice's location in a PIDF-LO, as
   if it were included in a message body (part) of the original INVITE
   here.


4.2 Location-by-value (Civic Format)

   This example shows an INVITE message with a civic location.  The
   headers are shown as if the location was S/MIME encrypted, but the
   unencrypted location information is shown for clarity.

   INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.atlanta.example.com
     ;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
   From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
   Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
   Geolocation: cid:alice123@atlanta.example.com
   Supported: geolocation


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   Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml
   CSeq: 31862 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>
   Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=boundary1
   Content-Length: ...

   --boundary1

   Content-Type: application/sdp

   ...SDP here

   --boundary1

   Content-Type: application/pkcs7-mime;
      smime-type=enveloped-data; name=smime.p7m
;the following would be encrypted, we show the unencrypted form here
   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
      <presence xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
          xmlns:gp="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10"
          xmlns:cl="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:civicAddr"
          xmlns:gs="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:geopriv10:geoShape"
          entity="pres:alice@atlanta.example.com">
        <tuple id="sg89ae">
         <timestamp>2006-03-20T14:00:00Z</timestamp>
         <status>
          <gp:geopriv>
            <gp:location-info>
              <cl:civilAddress>
                <cl:country>US</cl:country>
                <cl:A1>Texas</cl:A1>
                <cl:A3>Colleyville</cl:A3>
                <cl:HNO>3913</cl:HNO>
                <cl:A6>Treemont</cl:A6>
                <cl:STS>Circle</cl:STS>
                <cl:PC>76034</cl:PC>
                <cl:LMK>Polk Place</cl:LMK>
                <cl:FLR>1</cl:FLR>
              <cl:civilAddress>
            </gp:location-info>
            <gp:usage-rules>
              <gp:retransmission-allowed>no</gp:retransmission-allowed>
              <gp:retention-expiry>2006-03-24T18:00:00Z</gp:retention-
                            expiry>
              <gp:method>DHCP</gp:method>
              <gp:provided-by>www.cisco.com</gp:provided-by>
            </gp:usage-rules>
          </gp:geopriv>
         </status>
        </tuple>
       </presence>
   --boundary1--


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4.3 Location-by-reference

   Here is an example of an INVITE with a location-by-reference URI,
   sips: in this case, instead of a location-by-value PIDF-LO message
   body part shown in Sections 4.1 and 4.2.  It is up to the location
   recipient to dereference Alice's location at the Atlanta LIS.

   INVITE sip:bob@biloxi.example.com SIP/2.0
   Via: SIP/2.0/TCP pc33.atlanta.example.com
     ;branch=z9hG4bK74bf9
   Max-Forwards: 70
   To: Bob <sip:bob@biloxi.example.com>
   From: Alice <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>;tag=9fxced76sl
   Call-ID: 3848276298220188511@atlanta.example.com
   Geolocation: sips:3sdefrhy2jj7@lis.atlanta.com
   Supported: geolocation
   Accept: application/sdp, application/pidf+xml
   CSeq: 31862 INVITE
   Contact: <sip:alice@atlanta.example.com>

   ...SDP goes here as the only message body


5.  SIP Element Behavior

   Because a person's location is generally considered to be sensitive
   in nature, privacy of the location information must be protected
   when transmitting such information.  Section 26 of [RFC3261] defines
   the security functionality SIPS for transporting SIP messages with
   either TLS or IPSec, and S/MIME for encrypting message bodies from
   SIP intermediaries that would otherwise have access to reading the
   clear-text bodies.  SIP endpoints SHOULD implement S/MIME to encrypt
   the PIDF-LO message body (part) end-to-end when the intended
   recipient is the opposite UA.  The SIPS-URI from  [RFC3261] MUST be
   implemented for message protection (message integrity and
   confidentiality) and SHOULD be used when S/MIME is not used.
   Possession of a dereferenceable location URI may be equivalent to
   possession of the location information itself and thus TLS SHOULD be
   used when sending location-by-reference.

   A PIDF includes identity information.  It is possible for the
   identity in the PIDF to be anonymous.  Implementations of this
   extension should consider the appropriateness of including an
   anonymous identity in the location information where a real identity
   is not required.  When using location-by-reference, it is
   RECOMMENDED that the URI not contain any identifying information
   (for example use 3fg5t5yqw@example.com rather than
   alice@example.com)

   The entities receiving location MUST obey the privacy
   and security rules in the PIDF-LO as described in RFC4119, regarding


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   retransmission and retention.

   Self-signed certificates SHOULD NOT be used for protecting PIDF,
   as the sender does not have a secure identity of the recipient.

   More than one location representation or format, for example: civic
   and geo, MAY be included in the same message body part, but all MUST
   point at the same position on the earth.  Multiple representations
   allow the recipient to use the most convenient representation of
   location.

   There MAY be more than one PIDF-LO in the same SIP message, but each
   in separate message body parts. Each location body part MAY point at
   different 2D positions on the earth (altitude not withstanding).
   The meaning of such a construction is not defined, and may cause
   confusion at the recipient.


5.1 UAC Behavior

   A UAC may send location because it was requested to, to facilitate
   location-based routing, or spontaneously (i.e. a purpose not defined
   in this document but known to the UAC).  A UAC MAY receive location
   from the UAS because it requested it, or because the UAS sent it
   spontaneously.

   A UAC conveying location MUST include a Geolocation header with
   either a location by-value indication (a cid-URL), or a location
   by-reference indication (a dereferencable URI).  A location body
   sent without a Geolocation header MUST NOT occur.  The UAC
   supporting this extension MUST include a Supported header with the
   geolocation option tag.

   The presence of the geolocation option tag in a Supported header
   without a Geolocation header in the same message informs a receiving
   SIP element the UAC understands the concept of location, but it does
   not know its location at this time.  Certain scenarios exist
   (location-based routing) in which location is required in a message
   in order to route the message properly.  This affects how a UAS or
   SIP server reacts to such a message.

   This option tag SHOULD NOT be used in the Proxy-Require header.

   If the UAC requests the location of the UAS, it MAY include the
   option tag in the Require header of the request.

   The behavior of the UAC receiving location is the same as the UAS,
   as below.






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5.2 UAS Behavior

   If the geolocation option tag is present in the Supported header of
   a request, the UAS will look to the Geolocation header to see if
   location has been conveyed by-value in a message body (part) or
   by-reference, requiring an additional dereference transaction.  If
   the by-reference URI is sip:, sips: or pres:, the UAS will initiate
   a SUBSCRIBE to the URI provided to retrieve the PIDF-LO of the UAC
   per [RFC3856].  If successful, the PIDF-LO of the UAC will be
   returned in the NOTIFY request from the server.

   A Require header with the geolocation option tag indicates that the
   UAC requests the UAS' location.

   The UAS behavior in sending location is the same as the UAS as
   above.


5.3 Proxy Behavior

   [RFC3261] states message bodies cannot be added by proxies.  A
   PIDF-LO MAY be read in transit, if visible to the proxy.  A proxy
   MAY add the Geolocation header in transit.  A proxy MAY read the
   Geolocation header in transit if present, and MAY use the contents
   of the header to make location-based routing decisions.

   More than one geolocation header in a message is permitted, but its
   meaning is undefined.  A proxy inserting a Geolocation header when
   there already is one risks confusing the recipient and SHOULD NOT be
   done.

   Proxies receiving location where the proxy performs location-based
   routing may need to consult external databases or systems to
   determine the route.  Transmission of the location information
   (which SHOULD NOT reveal identity, even if the proxy knows the
   identity) is governed by the 'retransmission-allowed' and
   'routing-query-allowed':

   Retransmission-allowed Routing-query-allowed Transmission for Query
   ---------------------- --------------------- ----------------------
   "no" or not present    "no" or not present   Not Allowed
   "no" or not present    "yes"                 Allowed
   "yes"                  not present           Allowed
   "yes"                  "no"                  Not Allowed
   "yes"                  "yes"                 Allowed

   If transmission is not allowed per the above, the proxy may provide
   a suitable error response (424 Bad Location MAY be used).






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6.  Special Considerations for Emergency Calls

   Emergency calls (1-1-2, 9-1-1, etc.) need location for two reasons:

   1. Location is needed to route the call to the correct Public Safety
      Answering Point (PSAP), and

   2. Location is needed by the PSAP to send responders to the location
      of the caller when the caller cannot accurately describe where
      s/he is

   While all of the privacy concerns for location apply to emergency
   calls, it is not acceptable for a security mechanism in place to
   support confidentiality of the location to cause an emergency call
   to be misrouted, or not supply location when it is needed.
   Therefore, some of the behaviors of elements in the path are
   different when used with an emergency call.

   Recognizing which calls are emergency calls is beyond the scope of
   this document.  When an emergency call is placed, location is
   normally provided by the UAC.  Since emergency calls must be routed
   based on location (and indeed, in some jurisdictions, there may be
   several steps to such routing), the location must be visible to
   proxies along the path.  Thus S/MIME protection of location MUST NOT
   be used.  TLS protection of location SHOULD be used, however, if
   establishment of the TLS connection fails, the call set-up
   operation, including location conveyance, MUST be retried without
   TLS.

   Both the "retransmission-allowed" and "routing-query-allowed" SHOULD
   be set to "yes".  Querying for routing may be performed by proxies
   providing a routing service for emergency calls even if
   retransmission-allowed or routing-query-allowed is set to "no" or is
   not present.

   While many jurisdictions force a user to reveal their location
   during an emergency call set-up, there are a small, but real, number
   of jurisdictions that allow a user to configure their calling device
   to disable providing location, even during emergency calling.  This
   capability MUST be configurable, but is NOT RECOMMENDED as the
   default configuration of any UA.  Local policies will dictate this
   ability.


7.  Geopriv Privacy Considerations

   Transmitting location information is considered by most to be highly
   sensitive information, requiring protection from eavesdropping,
   tracking, and altering in transit.  [RFC3693] articulates rules to
   be followed by any protocol wishing to be considered a Geopriv
   "using protocol", specifying how a transport protocol meetings
   those rules.  This section describes how SIP as a using protocol


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   meets those requirements.

   Quoting requirement #4 of [RFC3693]:

   "The using protocol has to obey the privacy and security
    instructions coded in the location object and in the
    corresponding Rules regarding the transmission and storage
    of the LO."

   This document requires that SIP entities sending or receiving
   location MUST obey such instructions.

   Quoting requirement #5 of [RFC3693]:

   "The using protocol will typically facilitate that the keys
    associated with the credentials are transported to the
    respective parties, that is, key establishment is the
    responsibility of the using protocol."

   [RFC3261] and the documents it references define the key
   establishment mechanisms.

   Quoting requirement #6 of [RFC3693]:

   "(Single Message Transfer)  In particular, for tracking of
    small target devices, the design should allow a single
    message/packet transmission of location as a complete
    transaction."

   When used for tracking, a simple NOTIFY or UPDATE normally is
   relatively small, although the PIDF itself can get large.  Normal
   RFC3261 procedures of reverting to TCP when the MTU size is exceeded
   would be invoked.


8.  Security Considerations

   Conveyance of physical location of a UAC raises privacy concerns,
   and depending on use, there may be authentication and integrity
   concerns.  This document calls for conveyance to normally be
   accomplished through secure mechanisms (like S/MIME or TLS).  In
   cases where a session set-up is routed based on the location of the
   UAC initiating the session or SIP MESSAGE, securing the by-value
   location with an end-to-end mechanism such as S/MIME is problematic,
   because one or more proxies on the path need the ability to read the
   information to route the message appropriately.  Securing the
   location hop-by-hop, using TLS, protects the message from
   eavesdropping and modification, but exposes the information to all
   proxies on the path as well as the endpoint.  In most cases, the UAC
   does not know the identity of the proxy or proxies providing
   location-based routing services, so that end to middle solutions may
   not be appropriate either.


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   When the UAC is the source of the location information, which is
   RECOMMENDED, it can decide whether to reveal its location using
   hop-by-hop methods.  UAC implementations MUST make such capabilities
   conditional on explicit user permission, and SHOULD alert a user
   that location is being conveyed.  Emergency calls have their own
   rules in this regard, as detailed in Section 6.  Proxies inserting
   location for location-based routing are unable to meet this
   requirement, and such use is NOT RECOMMENDED.  Proxies conveying
   location using this extension MUST have the permission of the target
   to do so.


9.  IANA Considerations

9.1 IANA Registration for the SIP Geolocation Header

   The SIP Geolocation header is created by this document, with its
   definition and rules in Section 3.2 of this document.


9.2 IANA Registration for New SIP Option Tag

   The SIP option tag "Geolocation" is created by this document, with
   the definition and rule in Section 3.5 of this document.

9.3 IANA Registration for Response Code 4XX

   Reference: RFC-XXXX (i.e. this document)
   Response code: 424
   Default reason phrase: Bad Location Information

   This SIP Response code is defined in section 3.3 of this document.

9.4 IANA Registration of the Geolocation Reason Protocol

   The Reason Protocol value "Geolocation" is created by this document,
   with the definition and values in Section 3.4 if this document


10.  Acknowledgements

   To Dave Oran for helping to shape this idea. To Jon Peterson and
   Dean Willis on guidance of the effort. To Allison Mankin, Dick
   Knight, Hannes Tschofenig, Henning Schulzrinne, James Winterbottom,
   Jeroen van  Bemmel, Jean-Francois Mule, Jonathan Rosenberg, Keith
   Drage, Marc Linsner Martin Thomson, Mike Hammer and Paul Kyzivat for
   constructive feedback.






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11. References

11.1 References - Normative

 [RFC3261] J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, G. Camarillo, A. Johnston, J.
           Peterson, R. Sparks, M. Handley, and E. Schooler, "SIP:
           Session Initiation Protocol", RFC 3261, May 2002.

 [RFC3693] J. Cuellar, J. Morris, D. Mulligan, J. Peterson. J. Polk,
           "Geopriv Requirements", RFC 3693, February 2004

 [RFC4119] J. Peterson, "A Presence-based GEOPRIV Location Object
           Format", RFC 4119, December 2005

 [RFC2119] S. Bradner, "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
           Requirement Levels", RFC 2119, March 1997

 [RFC2392] E. Levinson, " Content-ID and Message-ID Uniform Resource
           Locators", RFC 2393, August 1998

 [RFC3863] H. Sugano, S. Fujimoto, G. Klyne, A. Bateman, W. Carr, J.
           Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format (PIDF)", RFC
           3863, August 2004

 [RFC3856] J. Rosenberg, " A Presence Event Package for the Session
           Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3856, August 2004

 [RFC3859] J. Peterson, "Common Profile for Presence (CPP)", RFC 3859,
           August 2004

 [RFC3428] B. Campbell, Ed., J. Rosenberg, H. Schulzrinne, C. Huitema,
           D. Gurle, "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension for
           Instant Messaging" , RFC 3428, December 2002

 [RFC3311] J. Rosenberg, "The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) UPDATE
           Method", RFC 3311, October 2002

 [RFC3265] Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific
           Event Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.

 [RFC3326] H. Schulzrinne, D. Oran, G. Camarillo, "The Reason Header
           Field for the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)", RFC 3326
           Reason Header, December 2002


11.2 References - Informative

 [RFC3825] J. Polk, J. Schnizlein, M. Linsner, "Dynamic Host
           Configuration Protocol Option for Coordinate-based Location
           Configuration Information", RFC 3825, July 2004

 [ID-CIVIC] H. Schulzrinne, " Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol


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           (DHCPv4 and DHCPv6) Option for Civic Addresses Configuration
           Information ", draft-ietf-geopriv-dhcp-civil-09, "work in
           progress", January 2006

   Author Information

   James Polk
   Cisco Systems
   3913 Treemont Circle                              33.00111N
   Colleyville, Texas  76034                         96.68142W

   Phone: +1-817-271-3552
   Email: jmpolk@cisco.com


   Brian Rosen
   NeuStar, Inc.
   470 Conrad Dr.                                    40.70497N
   Mars, PA  16046                                   80.01252W
   US

   Phone: +1 724 382 1051
   Email: br@brianrosen.net


Appendix A.  Requirements for SIP Location Conveyance

   The following subsections address the requirements placed on the
   user agent client, the user agent server, as well as SIP proxies
   when conveying location. There is a motivational statement below
   each requirements that is not obvious in intent

A.1 Requirements for a UAC Conveying Location

   UAC-1  The SIP INVITE Method [RFC3261] must support location
          conveyance.

   UAC-2  The SIP MESSAGE method [RFC3428] must support location
          conveyance.

   UAC-3  SIP Requests within a dialog should support location
          conveyance.

   UAC-4  Other SIP Requests may support location conveyance.

   UAC-5  There must be one, mandatory to implement means of
          transmitting location confidentially.

   Motivation:  interoperability

   UAC-6  It must be possible for a UAC to update location conveyed
          at any time in a dialog, including during dialog


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          establishment.

   Motivation: in case a UAC has moved prior to the establishment of a
          dialog between UAs, the UAC must be able to send new location
          information.  In the case of location having been conveyed,
          and the UA moves, it needs a means to update the conveyed to
          party of this location change.

   UAC-7  The privacy and security rules established within [RFC3693]
          that would categorize SIP as a 'using protocol' must be met.

   UAC-8  The PIDF-LO [RFC4119] is a mandatory to implement format for
          location conveyance within SIP, whether included by-value or
          by-reference.

   Motivation:  interoperability with other IETF location protocols and
          mechanisms

   UAC-9  There must be a mechanism for the UAC to request the UAS send
          its location

   UAC-10 There must be a mechanism to differentiate the ability of the
          UAC to convey location from the UACs lack of knowledge of its
          location

   Motivation: Failure to receive location when it is expected can be
          because the UAC does not implement this extension, or it can
          be that the UAC implements the extension, but does not know
          where it is.  This may be, for example, due to the failure of
          the access network to provide a location acquisition
          mechanisms the UAC understands.  These cases must be
          differentiated.


   UAC-11  It must be possible to convey location to proxy servers
          along the path.

   Motivation:  Location-based routing.


A.2 Requirements for a UAS Receiving Location

   The following are the requirements for location conveyance by a user
   agent server:

   UAS-1  SIP Responses must support location conveyance.

   UAS-2  There must be a unique 4XX response informing the UAC it did
          not provide applicable location information.

   In addition, requirements UAC-5, 6, 7 and 8 apply to the UAS



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A.3 Requirements for SIP Proxies and Intermediaries

   The following are the requirements for location conveyance by a SIP
   proxies and intermediaries:

   Proxy-1  Proxy servers must be capable of adding a Location header
            during processing of SIP requests.

   Motivation:  Provide the capability of network assertion of location
            when UACs are unable to do so, or when network assertion is
            more reliable than UAC assertion of location

   Note: Because UACs connected to sip signaling networks may have
         widely varying access network arrangements, including VPN
         tunnels and roaming mechanisms, it may be difficult for a
         network to reliably know the location of the endpoint.  Proxy
         assertion of location is NOT RECOMMENDED unless the sip
         signaling network has reliable knowledge of the actual
         location of the targets.

   Proxy-2  There must be a unique 4XX response informing the UAC it
            did not provide applicable location information.

Appendix B. Changes from Prior Versions

   [NOTE TO RFC-EDITOR: If this document is to be published as an RFC,
   this Appendix B is to be removed prior to that event.]

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the SIP WG
   version -03 to this version -04:

   - removed the inappropriate 2119 language from the Requirements
     section.

   - removed the old Section 2., which was a Location in a header vs.
     in a body artifact from the original versions of the document.

   - Added a new Geopriv (or Privacy) Considerations

   - Changed the ABNF to reflect discussion on how restrictive the
     location-by-reference schemes should be, with an added "Editor's
     Note" discussing the issues being faced on this point.

   - Changed the "Location" header and option-tag to "Geolocation"
     header and option-tag, due to it being pointed out that there is a
     conflicting HTTP header called "Location".

   - Added new element to PIDF-LO 'routing-query-allowed'

   - Stipulated the Reason Header can be used in the 424 Response
     Message



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   - added SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY as Methods for location conveyance when
     used to dereference a sip:, sips: or pres: location-by-reference
     URI

   - Added OPTIONS Method for a UAC to request the location of a UAS
     with a Require header geolocation option-tag.

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the SIP WG
   version -02 to this version -03:

   - general clean-up of some of the sections

   - removed the message examples from the UPDATE, MESSAGE and REGISTER
     sections, as these seemed to be making the doc less readable, and
     not more readable

   - removed the "unknown" option tag, as it was not needed with a
     certain combination of the Supported and Location headers

   - clarified the location option tag usage in Supported, Require,
     Unsupported, and that it shouldn't be used in Proxy-Require, and
     why not.

   - Added a basic message flow to the basic operation section (Section
     4) to aid in understanding of this SIP extension.

   - Added a message routing flow, which is based on the location of
     the requestor to show how a SIP server can make a routing decision
     to a destination based on where the UAC is.

   - Articulated how a UAS concludes a UAC understands this extension,
     yet does not know its location to provide to the UAS.  This is
     helpful in those times where an intermediary will act differently
     based on whether or not a UAC understands this extension, and
     whether or not the UAC includes its location in the request.

   - Corrected the erroneous text regarding an Unsupported header being
     in a 424 response.  It belongs in a 420 response. (Section 5.1)

   - Corrected the BNF (I hope)

   - Corrected some text in Section 5 that read like this document was
     an update to RFC 3261.

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the SIP WG
   version -01 to this version -02:

   - streamlined the doc by removing text (ultimately removing 42 pages
     of text).

   - Limited the scope of this document to SIP conveyance, meaning only
     how SIP can push location information.


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   - reduced emergency calling text to just a few paragraphs now that
     the ECRIT WG is taking most of that topic on.

   - greatly reduced the number of requirements in this version.

   - changed the requirements groups from "UA-to-UA", "UA-to-Proxy",
     etc to "UAC Reqs", "UAS-Reqs" and "Proxy-Reqs" to focus on what is
     being asked of each SIP element.

   - Removed the full SIP message examples.

   - completed the ABNF for the Location header, including a cid-url to
     point at a message body part to help in parsing for location.

   - Deleted the call for a new 425 (Retry Location) response code, as
     it appears this can easily be used to spoof a UA into providing
     where it is inadvertently, even if the intent is legitimate by the
     UAC.

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the SIP WG
   version -00 to this version -01:

   - cleaned up a lot of loose ends in the text

   - created a new Location header to convey many means (location is in
     the body - even if not viewable, which location format is present,
     which format is requested in a query, how to request more than one
     location format in a query, whether the UAC understands location
     at all, if the UA knows its location, how to push location from
     one UA to through a second to a third UA, etc).

   - added the ability to convey location by-reference, but only under
     certain conditions.

   - Added support for the OPTIONS Request to query a server for the
     UAC's location, through the use of the new Location header.

   - moved both new Response code sections forward in the document for
     their meaning to be clearer, earlier for necessary discussion.

   - Changed the message flows to only have the pertinent message
     headers shown for brevity.

   - Added text to the SUB/NOT section showing how and why the location
     of a UA can be refreshed or updated with an interval, or by a
     trigger.

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the SIPPING
   WG version -02 to this SIP WG item document version -00:

   - Changed which WG this document is in from SIPPING to SIP due to


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     the extension of the protocol with new Response codes (424 and
     425) for when there is an error involving the LO message body.

   - Moved most of the well formed SIP messages out of the main body of
     this document and into separate appendixes.  This should clean up
     the document from a readability point of view, yet still provide
     the intended decode examples to readers of this document who wish
     that level of detail per flow.  The first few flows still have the
     decoded SIP messages (unencrypted and encrypted).

   - Removed some flow examples which no longer made sense

   - Changed all references of "ERC" (Emergency Response Center) to
     "PSAP" (Public Safety Answering Point) as a result of discussion
     within the new ECRIT WG to define a single term

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the sipping-
   01 working group version of this effort to the sipping-02 version:

   - added requirements for 2 new 4XX error responses (Bad Location
     Information) and (Retry Location Body)

   - added "Bad Location Information" as section 8.6

   - added "Retry Location Body " as section 9.3

   - added support for session mode to cover packet sizes larger than
     the single packet limit of 1300 bytes in the message body

   - added requirement for a SIP entity to SUBSCRIBE to another for
     location information

   - added SUBSCRIBE and NOTIFY as section 8.5

   - added requirement to have user turn off any tracking created by
     subscription

   - removed doubt about which method to use for updating location
     after a INVITE is sent (update)

   - cleaned up which method is to be used if there is no dialog
     existing (message)

   - removed use of reINVITE to convey location

   - clarified that UAs include <provided-by> element of PIDF-LO when
     placing an emergency call (to inform PSAP who supplied Location
     information)

   - updated list of open issues

   - added to IANA Considerations section for the two new 4XX level


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     error responses requested in the last meeting

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the sipping-
   00 working group version of this ID to the sipping-01 version:

   - Added the offered solution in detail (with message flows,
     appropriate SIP Methods for location conveyance, and

   - Synchronized the requirements here with those from the Geopriv
     Working Group's (attempting to eliminate overlap)

   - Took on the task of making this effort the SIP "using protocol"
     specification from Geopriv's POV

   - Refined the Open Issues section to reflect the progress we've made
     here, and to indicate what we have discovered needs addressing,
     but has not been to date.

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the -01
   individual submission version to the sipping-00 version of this ID:

   - Brian Rosen was brought on as a co-author

   - Requirements that a location header were negatively received in
     the previous version of this document.  AD and chair advice was to
     move all location information into a message body (and stay away
     from headers)

   - Added a section of "emergency call" specific requirements

   - Added an Open Issues section to mention what hasn't been resolved
     yet in this effort

   This is a list of the changes that have been made from the
   individual submission version -00 to the -01 version

   - Added the IPR Statement section

   - Adjusted a few requirements based on suggestions from the
     Minneapolis meeting

   - Added requirements that the UAC is to include from where it
     learned its location in any transmission of its LI

   - Distinguished the facts (known to date) that certain jurisdictions
     relieve persons of their right to privacy when they call a PSAP,
     while other jurisdictions maintain a person's right to privacy,
     while still others maintain a person's right to privacy - but only
     if they ask that their service be set up that way.

   - Made the decision that TLS is the security mechanism for location
     conveyance in emergency communications (vs. S/MIME, which is still


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     the mechanism for UA-to-UA non-emergency location conveyance
     cases).

   - Added the Open Issue of whether a Proxy can insert location
     information into an emergency SIP INVITE message, and some of the
     open questions surrounding the implications of that action

   - added a few names to the acknowledgements section


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Polk & Rosen                                                  [Page 26]


Internet Draft         SIP Location Conveyance           Sept 1st, 2006

Acknowledgment

   Funding for the RFC Editor function is currently provided by the
   Internet Society.


















































Polk & Rosen                                                  [Page 27]