Internet Draft  Differentiated Services Configuration MIB   October 2003


Internet Engineering Task Force                            H. Hazewinkel
INTERNET-DRAFT                                                     I.Net
Expires April 2004                                            D. Partain
                                                                Ericsson
                                                            October 2003


             The Differentiated Services Configuration MIB
                 draft-ietf-snmpconf-diffpolicy-08.txt
                              October 2003






Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
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   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This document is a product of the IETF's Configuration Management
   with SNMP Working Group.  Comments should be addressed to WG's
   mailing list at snmpconf@snmp.com. The charter for the Working Group
   may be found at http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/snmpconf-
   charter.html

   Distribution of this memo is unlimited.






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Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.







Abstract

   This memo describes a MIB module that provides a conceptual layer
   between high-level "network-wide" policy definitions that effect
   configuration of the Differentiated Services (diffserv) subsystem and
   the instance-specific information that would include such details as
   the parameters for all the queues associated with each interface in a
   system.  This essentially provides an interface for configuring
   differentiated services at a conceptually higher layer than that of
   the Differentiated Services MIB.






























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Table of Contents

   1 The Internet-Standard Management Framework ...................    4
   2 Introduction .................................................    4
   3 Other Documents ..............................................    5
   4 Relationship to other MIBs ...................................    5
   4.1 The Policy-based Management MIB Module .....................    5
   4.2 The Differentiated Services MIB Module .....................    5
   5 The Differentiated Services Configuration MIB Module Design
        ...........................................................    6
   6 Template Cloning .............................................    8
   6.1 An Approach to Template Cloning ............................    8
   6.2 Example ....................................................    9
   6.2.1 The Initial Situation ....................................   10
   6.2.2 The Configuration Template ...............................   11
   6.2.3 Applying the Template ....................................   13
   6.2.4 Applying the Template Using SNMP Messages ................   16
   7 Managed Objects Definitions (MIB Module) .....................   17
   8 Security Considerations ......................................   24
   9 Acknowledgements .............................................   25
   10 Editors' Addresses ..........................................   25
   11 Full Copyright Statement ....................................   25
   12 Intellectual Property .......................................   26
   13 Informative References ......................................   27
   14 Normative References ........................................   28


























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1.  The Internet-Standard Management Framework

   For a detailed overview of the documents that describe the current
   Internet-Standard Management Framework, please refer to section 7 of
   RFC 3410 [RFC3410].

   Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed
   the Management Information Base or MIB.  MIB objects are generally
   accessed through the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
   Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the
   Structure of Management Information (SMI).  This memo specifies a MIB
   module that is compliant to the SMIv2, which is described in STD 58,
   RFC 2578 [RFC2578], STD 58, RFC 2579 [RFC2579] and STD 58, RFC 2580
   [RFC2580].


2.  Introduction

   This memo defines a MIB module that can be used to convey management
   information about desired network-wide Differentiated Services based
   policy behavior. This module is designed to integrate with the
   Differentiated Services MIB module [RFC3289] in order to provide
   template configurations for the Differentiated Services MIB module.
   The MIB module defined in this memo (the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB) may be
   used in combination with the Policy-based Management MIB module
   [PMMIBDR], but that is not a requirement. Without the Policy-based
   Management MIB module, a management application must emulate behavior
   provided by the Policy-based Management MIB using equivalent "low-
   level" SNMP operations in normal manager/agent communication.

   Together, this memo and [RFC3289] and [PMMIBDR] represent an instance
   of an integrated architecture for both device-specific and network-
   wide policy (configuration) management which is fully integrated with
   the Internet Standard Management Framework.

   The Differentiated Services MIB module [RFC3289] operates on a device
   level.  The MIB module in this memo, the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB, creates
   a coherent configuration management view as an umbrella over
   [RFC3289].  That is, the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB provides a conceptual
   API for configuration of Differentiated Services parameters. Since
   the Differentiated Services MIB module is able to maintain
   configuration information, the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB configuration API
   consists only of configuration template information and the start of
   the so-called functional datapath.






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3.  Other Documents

   It is assumed that the reader is familiar with Differentiated
   Services ([RFC2474] and [RFC2475]), the Policy-based Management MIB
   ([PMMIBDR]) and "Configuring Networks and Devices With SNMP"
   ([RFC3512]).  These documents include all of the necessary
   terminology for understanding this memo.  Note, though, that use of
   the MIB module in this memo does not require the use of [PMMIBDR].
   [RFC3512] also provides an example MIB module which may help in
   understanding the relationship between DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB and the
   Differentiated Services MIB in [RFC3289].


4.  Relationship to other MIBs

   In this section we describe the relationship of this MIB module to
   other MIB modules.  The overall architecture used for policy
   configuration management is described in [PMMIBDR].


4.1.  The Policy-based Management MIB Module

   [PMMIBDR] defines a MIB module that enables policy-based
   configuration management of infrastructure using the Internet
   Standard Management Framework.  The document includes a table for
   configuring policies to be implemented, tables for storing the roles
   of elements on a particular device, a table for representing the
   capabilities of a device with respect to policy management, a table
   for referencing elements affected by a policy, as well as other
   infrastructure.  There is no requirement that [PMMIBDR] be used in
   conjunction with the MIB module defined in this memo.

   See [PMMIBDR] for a full description of the policy-based
   configuration framework it provides.


4.2.  The Differentiated Services MIB Module

   The Differentiated Services MIB module [RFC3289] provides a common
   set of managed objects useful for configuring Differentiated Services
   parameters on a Differentiated Services capable device. This is what
   is referred to as instance-level configuration. It is the alteration
   of the instance-level information in that MIB module which may be
   done via the objects provided by the Differentiated Services
   Configuration MIB module defined in this memo.





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   It is recognized that vendors may include additional managed objects
   in their devices (via vendor-specific MIB modules) for configuring
   Differentiated Services parameters. If a vendor chooses to use the
   objects defined in this memo for configuration, the vendor should
   provide additional managed objects in a similar approach as defined
   for the Differentiated Services MIB module.

   Since the managed objects of the Differentiated Services MIB
   [RFC3289] are not directly associated with an instance (interface and
   interface direction), the same managed objects can be used for
   traffic treatment configuration templates in a Differentiated
   Services capable device and can then be applied on multiple
   instances.  Therefore, the tables as defined in the Differentiated
   Services MIB can directly be used for template configuration
   purposes.  Those tables are:

       - diffServClfrTable
       - diffServClfrElementTable
       - diffServMultiFieldClfrTable
       - diffServMeterTable
       - diffServTBParamTable
       - diffServActionTable
       - diffServDscpMarkActTable
       - diffServCountActTable
       - diffServAlgDropTable
       - diffServRandomDropTable
       - diffServQTable
       - diffServSchedulerTable
       - diffServMinRateTable
       - diffServMaxRateTable

   Readers familiar with the Differentiated Services MIB will notice
   that these are all templates.  Only the diffServDataPathTable defines
   a managed instance for Differentiated Services traffic treatment by
   its indexes of the interface and its interface direction.  This also
   allows the tables mentioned above to be used as a configuration
   template without defining anything directly related to a managed
   instance.


5.  The Differentiated Services Configuration MIB Module Design

   The Differentiated Services Configuration MIB module (in this memo)
   of the SNMP-based configuration management framework is positioned
   between the Policy-based Management MIB module and the instance-





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   specific Differentiated Services MIB module as described above.

   The MIB module found in this memo is designed to maintain
   configuration templates for the Differentiated Services MIB [RFC3289]
   module.  The module only has a template table that describes a
   Differentiated Services traffic treatment by providing the starting
   pointer of the functional datapath.  The templates represent a
   specific configuration of traffic treatment in a functional datapath
   of a Differentiated Services capable device. To avoid duplication of
   managed objects, the actual templates defining the functional
   datapath are defined in the Differentiated Services MIB module.
   These are also used for the management of the instances. Therefore,
   the implementation of the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB module uses the tables
   defined in the Differentiated Services MIB.  As soon as a
   configuration is made active via the POLICY-MANAGEMENT-MIB or using
   normal SNMP operations, the configuration defined within this MIB
   module will be instantiated in the DIFFSERV-MIB.

   Note that this is a conceptual process. That is, the configuration
   may not actually go through an API available in the subsystem which
   implements the DIFFSERV-MIB module.  However, configuration via the
   DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB module will alter the same instrumentation as the
   DIFFSERV-MIB module whether it does it via the DIFFSERV-MIB module or
   not.

   The Differentiated Services Configuration MIB module only needs to
   define a starting point of a traffic treatment configuration
   template. This table is similar to the diffServDataPathTable
   [RFC3289]. However, it has a semantic difference in that the
   diffServDataPathTable is associated with an instance (interface and
   interface direction), whereas the diffServConfigTable in this memo is
   not.

   Unlike most MIB modules, changes to the managed objects in this MIB
   module do not cause a change in the device.  This MIB module is used
   to set up per-hop-behavior configurations. As soon as configurations
   are made active via the POLICY-MANAGEMENT-MIB or SNMP operations, the
   configurations defined within this MIB module will be instantiated in
   the DIFFSERV-MIB.

   The only table in this MIB module is the diffServConfigTable, which
   provides managed objects for registering traffic treatment
   configurations used in differentiated services. The sole purpose of
   this table is to provide the starting point for a traffic treatment
   configuration template.  The traffic treatment itself is performed by





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   functional datapath elements [RFC3289].


6.  Template Cloning

   The concept of the DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB is based on having traffic
   treatment configuration templates. The templates provide a set of
   configuration values that provide a certain behavior, such as EF
   traffic treatment, in the functional datapath.  The template (or
   functional datapath) is similar to a linked list from a starting
   point and each (functional datapath) element is connected to the next
   element via a so-called the element.

   The moment a template is activated (instantiated) on an interface and
   its interface direction, the template needs to be copied/cloned, so
   that the template remains as a template.  If the template is no
   longer available as a template after an instantiation, the management
   station has to set up a new equivalent template, and the object
   amplification of configuration with SNMP is gone.

   A literal copy/clone of the template would not be possible, since the
   same indexes inside the element tables cannot be re-used. The
   instantiation process must therefore generate a new index for each
   element. As a result of this, the 'NEXT' pointers also need to be
   updated. Otherwise, those will point to the template.


6.1.  An Approach to Template Cloning

   What should a system containing Differentiated Services capabilities
   and Differentiated Services configuration capabilities do
   conceptually at the moment a template is activated on an interface?
   The following approach should not be considered implementation
   guidelines, but rather a conceptual explanation of what should be
   done.

     1) Get the index of the template to be activated
     2) Get RowPointer (current) from
           diffServConfigStart.index
           of the diffServConfigTable
     3) Check if RowPointer (current) exists
     4) Copy/Clone the entry pointed to by RowPointer
           a) Get a new index for the entry
           b) Configure the new entry with the values
              of the entry to be cloned





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           c) Update the NEXT pointer with a new RowPointer
              that pointed to the previous entry that was copied
              part of this template
     5) Store RowPointer of cloned entry as previous
     6) Get the RowPointer of the next element in the template
        as current
     7) If current RowPointer does not equal zeroDotZero go to 4


6.2.  Example

   This section provides an example of the process described in the
   previous section. This example will show a Differentiated Services
   capable incoming (ingress) interface that only counts the traffic
   stream. Then, with the policy-based configuration concept as defined
   in this document and in [PMMIBDR], a traffic marking configuration
   will be applied.  The example will walk the reader through all of the
   steps involved in this process.  Again, the use of [PMMIBDR] is
   simply as an example and is not required.

      NOTE WELL:  For brevity and clarity, the example does not always
      show the complete entry (row) of a table. The only objects shown
      are those needed for creating the row pointers to the next
      functional datapath element or needed to provide information about
      the specific parameters of the functional datapath elements. The
      column named 'INDEX' always defines the complete index as defined
      for the associated entry. In some cases this is a combined index
      of multiple components. Therefore, the names of the columns are
      omitted.

      Also note that the values DSCP(AF) and DSCP(EF) are abstracted and
      are used for clarity. For the actual values refer to [RFC3289].


















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6.2.1.  The Initial Situation

   The initial configuration is the existing configuration of an ingress
   interface.

      +------------------------------------------------------------+
      |   ingress functional datapath                              |
      |                        +----------+                        |
   -->|----------->----------->| count    |----------->----------->|-->
      |                        +----------+                        |
      +------------------------------------------------------------+

   This figure depicts a simple traffic treatment functional datapath
   for an ingress interface. The functional datapath only consists of a
   count action.

   Within the DIFFSERV-MIB this would be instantiated as follows.  Note
   that RowPointer objects must point to the first accessible columnar
   object in the conceptual row.  Thus, while perhaps more instructive
   to use the index value for the RowPointer object's value (e.g.,
   diffServCountActId.1) in the example, it would nonetheless be
   incorrect, and the first accessible columnar object has been used as
   should be done (e.g., diffServCountActOctets.1).

   diffServDataPathTable
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--
   | INDEX           | diffServDataPathStart       |
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--
   | ifIndex.ingress | diffServActionNext.1        |
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--

   diffServActionTable
   +-------+--------------------+-------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServActionNext |diffServActionSpecific   |
   +-------+--------------------+-------------------------+--
   | 1     | 0.0                |diffServCountActOctets.1 |
   +-------+--------------------+-------------------------+--

   diffServCountActTable
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServCountActOctets |
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | 1     |                        |
   +-------+------------------------+--






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6.2.2.  The Configuration Template

   The following provides an example of a policy configuration in which
   traffic is classified by a specific IP filter. That results in two
   classifiers (1 for the IP filter and the match all). Both streams are
   then metered, marked and counted. This is an example of usage on the
   edge (an ingress interface) of an Differentiated Services domain that
   wants to have EF and AF marked traffic within the Differentiated
   Services domain.

      +------------------------------------------------------------+
      |   ingress functional datapath                              |
      |   +------------+   +-------+   +---------+   +---------+   |
      |   |            |   |       |   | action: |   | action: |   |
   -->|-->| classifier |-->| meter |-->| mark EF |-->| count   |-->|----->
      |   | match <IP> |   |       |   |         |   |         |   |
      |   +------------+   +-------+   +---------+   +---------+   |
      |         |                 \                                |
      |         |                  \      +---------+              |
      |         |                   \     | action: |              |routing
      |         |                    * -->| dropper |              |core
      |         |                   /     |         |              |
      |         |                  /      +---------+              |
      |         V                 /                                |
      |   +------------+   +-------+   +---------+   +---------+   |
      |   |            |   |       |   | action: |   | action: |   |
      |   | classifier |-->| meter |-->| mark AF |-->| count   |-->|----->
      |   | match all  |   |       |   |         |   |         |   |
      |   +------------+   +-------+   +---------+   +---------+   |
      +------------------------------------------------------------+

   This figure depicts a policy configuration for ingress traffic
   treatment in a Differentiated Services capable device. The
   configuration is represented as follows in DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB module
   and the DIFFSERV-MIB module.

   Note that the original (existing) traffic treatment of 1) is also in
   the tables of section 6.2.1.

   Note also that in the diffServDscpMarkActTable that DSCP(EF)
   represents the DSCP value for Expedited Forwarding and DSCP(AF)
   represents the DSCP value for Assured Forwarding.








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   diffServConfigTable (in the MIB module in this memo)
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServConfigStart     | diffServConfigDescr       |
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--
   | "foo" | diffServClfrStorage.1   | Example traffic treatment |
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--

   diffServClfrTable
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+
   | INDEX | diffServClfrStorage | diffServClfrStatus |
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+
   | 1     |                     |                    |
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+

   diffServClfrElementTable (shares index with diffServClfrTable)
   +-------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServClfrElementNext   | diffServClfrElementPrecedence |
   +-------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+--
   | 1.1   |diffServMeterSucceedNext.1 | 1                             |
   | 1.2   |diffServMeterSucceedNext.2 | 2                             |
   +-------+---------------------------+-------------------------------+--

   diffServMeterTable
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServMeterSucceedNext |diffServMeterFailNext  |
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--
   | 1     | diffServActionNext.2     | diffServAlgDropType.1 |
   | 2     | diffServActionNext.3     | diffServAlgDropType.1 |
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--

   diffServActionTable
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServActionNext   | diffServActionSpecific     |
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--
   | 1     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.1   |
   | 2     | diffServActionNext.4 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.EF |
   | 3     | diffServActionNext.5 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.AF |
   | 4     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.2   |
   | 5     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.3   |
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--










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   diffServCountActTable
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServCountActOctets |
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | 1     |                        |
   | 2     |                        |
   | 3     |                        |
   +-------+------------------------+--

   diffServAlgDropTable
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServAlgDropType | diffServAlgDropSpecific |
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--
   | 1     | alwaysDrop(5)       | 0.0                     |
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--

   diffServDscpMarkActTable
   +-------------------------+
   | diffServDscpMarkActDscp |
   +-------------------------+
   | DSCP(EF)                |
   | DSCP(AF)                |
   +-------------------------+


6.2.3.  Applying the Template

   Now we have the original ingress interface configuration and the
   policy configuration we want to apply to the actual interface.

   The example policy must provide to all interfaces used by system
   administrators the required Differentiated Services traffic
   treatment. The traffic treatment required is described in 6.2.2
   above.

   Therefore, we have the following example policy which is configured
   via the POLICY-BASED-MANAGEMENT-MIB module (see [PMMIBDR]):

   if ( roleMatch("Administrator") )
   then
      /*
       * The $0 gets the "element" returned from the previous
       * statement.  the .2 at the end is the ingress interface
       * This sets, for example, diffServDataPathStart.3.2 to be
       * "diffServConfigStart.3.f.o.o" if interface 3 has the role





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       * "Administrator".
       */
      setVar("diffServDataPathStart.$0.1",
              "diffServConfigStart.3.f.o.o", Oid)

   For our purposes, we only apply this on the inbound (ingress)
   direction on the interface.

   Note that although object descriptors are used in this PolicyScript
   example, the object identifiers must be used in the running script.
   For more information on policies and their syntax refer to [PMMIBDR].

   The following tables of this section provide the cloned entries in
   the tables of the DIFFSERV-MIB module. All tables may have columns
   that contain contents or entry administration objects. Since these do
   not determine a function datapath that are not added for clarity of
   the cloning mechanism and space.

   Note that the original (existing) traffic treatment of 6.2.1 and
   6.2.2 are also in the tables.

   diffServConfigTable
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServConfigStart     | diffServConfigDescr       |
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--
   | "foo" | diffServClfrStorage.1   | Example traffic treatment |
   +-------+-------------------------+---------------------------+--

   diffServDataPathTable
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--
   | INDEX           | diffServDataPathStart       |
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--
   | ifIndex.ingress | diffServActionNext.2        |
   +-----------------+-----------------------------+--

   diffServClfrTable
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+
   | INDEX | diffServClfrStorage | diffServClfrStatus |
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+
   | 1     |                     |                    |
   | 2     |                     |                    |
   +-------+---------------------+--------------------+








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   diffServClfrElementTable
   +-------+----------------------------+-------------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServClfrElementNext    | diffServClfrElementPrecedence |
   +-------+----------------------------+-------------------------------+--
   | 1.1   | diffServMeterSucceedNext.1 | 1                             |
   | 1.2   | diffServMeterSucceedNext.2 | 2                             |
   | 2.3   | diffServMeterSucceedNext.3 | 1                             |
   | 2.4   | diffServMeterSucceedNext.4 | 2                             |
   +-------+----------------------------+-------------------------------+--

   diffServMeterTable
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServMeterSucceedNext | diffServMeterFailNext |
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--
   | 1     | diffServActionNext.2     | diffServAlgDropType.1 |
   | 2     | diffServActionNext.3     | diffServAlgDropType.1 |
   | 3     | diffServActionNext.6     | diffServAlgDropType.2 |
   | 4     | diffServActionNext.7     | diffServAlgDropType.2 |
   +-------+--------------------------+-----------------------+--

   diffServActionTable
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServActionNext   | diffServActionSpecific     |
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--
   | 1     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.1   |
   | 2     | diffServActionNext.4 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.EF |
   | 3     | diffServActionNext.5 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.AF |
   | 4     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.2   |
   | 5     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.3   |
   | 6     | diffServActionNext.8 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.EF |
   | 7     | diffServActionNext.9 | diffServDscpMarkActDscp.AF |
   | 8     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.4   |
   | 9     | 0.0                  | diffServCountActOctets.5   |
   +-------+----------------------+----------------------------+--

   diffServCountActTable
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServActCountOctets |
   +-------+------------------------+--
   | 1     |                        |
   | 2     |                        |
   | 3     |                        |
   | 4     |                        |
   | 5     |                        |
   +-------+------------------------+--





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   diffServAlgDropTable
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--
   | INDEX | diffServAlgDropType | diffServAlgDropSpecific |
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--
   | 1     | alwaysDrop(5)       | 0.0                     |
   +-------+---------------------+-------------------------+--

   diffServDscpMarkActTable
   +-------------------------+
   | diffServDscpMarkActDscp |
   +-------------------------+
   | DSCP(EF)                |
   | DSCP(AF)                |
   +-------------------------+


   As one can see in the example, the main elements from which a
   functional datapath are constructed are duplicated/copied/cloned.
   That process is needed in order to preserve the policy configuration
   for reuse at a later time.

   It is up to the SNMP agent to keep track of which network interfaces
   are under policy control and which policy rules are being used. This
   avoids duplication of policy enforcement.  How the agent does this is
   an implementation issue.

   One can see that the old functional datapath configurations stay in
   the MIB module tables. It is up to the SNMP agent implementation to
   decide whether to delete stale entries or keep them.  Garbage
   collection of stale entries is an implementation issue.

   Therefore, we have the following example policy which is configured
   via the POLICY-BASED-MANAGEMENT-MIB module (see [PMMIBDR]):


6.2.4.  Applying the Template Using SNMP Messages

   In this section the above example is explained by using SNMP
   communication between the SNMP "manager" and the SNMP "agent".

   In order to apply the the template to all interfaces that have a role
   match of "Administrator" the SNMP manager must have a list of the
   roles of the interface. This means the SNMP manager must do an SNMP-
   SET for all those interfaces.  This is expressed in the following
   pseudo code function.





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   set_template_if_administrator_interface(
            <interface_list>, <template_name>
   ) {
      template_oid = SNMP-GET("diffServConfigStart.<template_name>");
      foreach interface (<ifRole_list>) {
         if (interface.role == "Administrator") {
            SNMP-SET("diffServDataPathStart.$interface.1",
                  Oid, template_oid);
         }
      }
   }

   For example, on a system with 3 interfaces, the following list would
   be known to the manager. The first value indicates the interface
   number (ifIndex) and the second value is its role.
   interface_list IF_LIST = {
       { 1, ... , "Administrator", ... },
       { 2, ... , "User", ... },
       { 3, ... , "Administrator", ... } }

   This will result in the communication between a manager and agent of
   1 SNMP-GET and 2 SNMP-SETs:
    -  SNMP-GET("diffServConfigStart.3.f.o.o")
    -  SNMP-SET("diffServDataPathStart.1.1", Oid, "diffServActionNext.1")
    -  SNMP-SET("diffServDataPathStart.3.1", Oid, "diffServActionNext.1")


7.  Managed Objects Definitions (MIB Module)


   DIFFSERV-CONFIG-MIB DEFINITIONS ::= BEGIN
       IMPORTS

       OBJECT-TYPE, MODULE-IDENTITY, zeroDotZero, mib-2
          FROM SNMPv2-SMI

       RowStatus, StorageType, RowPointer, DateAndTime
          FROM SNMPv2-TC

       MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP
          FROM SNMPv2-CONF

       SnmpAdminString
          FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB;






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   diffServConfigMib MODULE-IDENTITY
       LAST-UPDATED "200310030000Z" -- 03 October 2003
       ORGANIZATION "SNMPCONF WG"
       CONTACT-INFO
          "SNMPCONF Working Group
           http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/snmpconf-charter.html
           WG mailing list: snmpconf@snmp.com

           Editors:
           Harrie Hazewinkel
           I.Net
           v. Darwin, 85
           20019 - Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
           EMail: harrie@inet.it

           David Partain
           Ericsson AB
           P.O. Box 1248
           SE-581 12 Linkoping
           Sweden
           E-mail: David.Partain@ericsson.com"
       DESCRIPTION
           "This MIB module contains differentiated services
           specific managed objects to perform higher-level
           configuration management. This MIB allows policies
           to use 'templates' to be used to instantiate
           Differentiated Services functional datapath
           configurations to be assigned (associated with
           an interface and direction) when a policy is
           activated.

           Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  This version
           of this MIB module is part of RFC yyyy;  see the RFC
           itself for full legal notices."
            -- RFC Ed.: replace yyyy with actual RFC number & remove this note
       REVISION "200310030000Z" -- 03 October 2003
       DESCRIPTION
           "Initial version publish as RFC yyyy"
            -- RFC Ed.: replace yyyy with actual RFC number & remove this note
       ::= { mib-2 xxx }
      -- RFC Ed.: replace xxx with IANA-assigned number & remove this note

   diffServConfigMIBObjects OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { diffServConfigMib 1 }
   diffServConfigMIBConformance OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { diffServConfigMib 2 }






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   --
   -- The Differentiated Services configuration objects
   --

   diffServConfigTable OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       SEQUENCE OF DiffServConfigEntry
       MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "A table which defines the various per-hop-behaviors
          for which the system has default 'templates'."
       ::= { diffServConfigMIBObjects 2 }

   diffServConfigEntry OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX       DiffServConfigEntry
       MAX-ACCESS   not-accessible
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "An entry defining a per-hop-behavior.  Each entry in
          this table combines the various parameters (entries)
          into a specific per-hop-behavior.  Entries in this
          table might be defined by a vendor (pre-configured)
          or defined by a management application."
       INDEX { diffServConfigId }
       ::= { diffServConfigTable 1 }

   DiffServConfigEntry ::= SEQUENCE {
       diffServConfigId           SnmpAdminString,
       diffServConfigDescr        SnmpAdminString,
       diffServConfigOwner        SnmpAdminString,
       diffServConfigLastChange   DateAndTime,
       diffServConfigStart        RowPointer,
       diffServConfigStorage      StorageType,
       diffServConfigStatus       RowStatus
   }

   diffServConfigId OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         SnmpAdminString (SIZE(1..116))
       MAX-ACCESS     not-accessible
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "A unique id for the per-hop-behavior policy.  The range
          of up to 116 octets is chosen to stay within the SMI
          limit of 128 subidentifiers in an object identifier."
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 1 }





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   diffServConfigDescr OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         SnmpAdminString
       MAX-ACCESS     read-create
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "A human-readable description to identify this defined
          per-hop-behavior.  Note that this is an SnmpAdminString,
          which permits UTF-8 strings.  An administratively assigned
          identifier for a template that would be unique within
          an administrative domain. It is up to the management
          applications to agree how these are assigned within the
          administrative domain.  Once a description, such as
          'EF' is assigned, that has a certain set of parameters
          that achieve 'EF' from box to box, so management
          application code or Script code can easily scan
          the table to find the proper template and then easily
          assign it."
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 2 }

   diffServConfigOwner OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         SnmpAdminString
       MAX-ACCESS     read-create
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The owner who created this entry."
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 3 }

   diffServConfigLastChange OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         DateAndTime
       MAX-ACCESS     read-only
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The date and time when this entry was last changed."
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 4 }

   diffServConfigStart OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         RowPointer
       MAX-ACCESS     read-create
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The pointer to a functional datapath configuration template as
          set up in the DIFFSERV-MIB.  This RowPointer should
          point to an instance of one of:
            diffServClfrEntry
            diffServMeterEntry





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            diffServActionEntry
            diffServAlgDropEntry
            diffServQEntry

          A value of zeroDotZero in this attribute indicates no
          further Diffserv treatment is performed on traffic of
          this functional datapath. This also means that the
          template described by this row is not defined.

          If the row pointed to does not exist, the treatment
          is as if this attribute contains a value of zeroDotZero."
       REFERENCE
          "Differentiated Services MIB module"
       DEFVAL { zeroDotZero }
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 5 }

   diffServConfigStorage OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         StorageType
       MAX-ACCESS     read-create
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The type of storage used for this row.

          Since an entry in this tables serves as a starting
          point for a configuration, it is recommended that
          all entries comprising the configuration started by
          diffServConfigStart follow the storage type of this
          entry. Otherwise, after agent reboots a configuration
          may differ.  It may very well be that the agent is
          not capable of detecting such changes and therefore,
          the management application should verify the correct
          configuration after a reboot.  Rows with a StorageType
          of 'permanent' do not need to allow write access to
          any of the columnar objects in that row."
       DEFVAL { nonVolatile }
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 6 }

   diffServConfigStatus OBJECT-TYPE
       SYNTAX         RowStatus
       MAX-ACCESS     read-create
       STATUS         current
       DESCRIPTION
          "RowStatus object used for creation and deletion of
          rows in this table.  All writable objects in this row
          may be modified at any time."





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       DEFVAL { notInService }
       ::= { diffServConfigEntry 7 }

   --
   -- MIB Compliance statements.
   --

   diffServConfigMIBCompliances
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { diffServConfigMIBConformance 1 }
   diffServConfigMIBGroups
      OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { diffServConfigMIBConformance 2 }

   diffServConfigMIBFullCompliance MODULE-COMPLIANCE
       STATUS       current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The full compliance for this MIB module.

          For this compliance level the 'diffServMIBFullCompliance'
          must be met, since this MIB module depends on it in order
          to provide the configuration entries.
          "
       MODULE  -- This module
       MANDATORY-GROUPS {  diffServConfigMIBConfigGroup }

       OBJECT diffServConfigStatus
       SYNTAX RowStatus { active(1) }
       WRITE-SYNTAX RowStatus { createAndGo(4), destroy(6) }
       DESCRIPTION
          "Support for createAndWait and notInService is not required."

       ::= { diffServConfigMIBCompliances 1 }

   diffServConfigMIBConfigGroup OBJECT-GROUP
       OBJECTS {  diffServConfigDescr,
                  diffServConfigOwner,
                  diffServConfigLastChange,
                  diffServConfigStart,
                  diffServConfigStorage,
                  diffServConfigStatus
       }
       STATUS current
       DESCRIPTION
          "The per-hop-behavior Group defines the MIB objects that
          describe the configuration template for the per-hop-behavior."
       ::= { diffServConfigMIBGroups 1 }





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   END

















































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8.  Security Considerations

   There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB module
   with a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create.  Such
   objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network
   environments.  The support for SET operations in a non-secure
   environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on
   network operations.  These managed objects are:

    - The diffServConfigDescr, diffServConfigOwner and
      diffServConfigStatus are not security sensitive since these
      three object do not affect any direct operational behavior
      of a diffserv capable device.

    - Unauthorized change of the diffServConfigStart could lead
      to a different configuration and the 'changed' configuration
      could lead to different traffic treatment for the diffserv
      capable device than desired.

    - Unauthorized change of the diffServConfigStorage could lead
      to unknown behavior of the diffserv capable device after
      a reboot of the SNMP agent. This may be caused by 'not
      having saved changes of the configuration' or unavailable
      configurations.

   In addition, the managed objects of the DIFFSERV-MIB are also
   security sensitive, since unauthorized changes may cause
   configuration changes. For more detail, refer to [RFC3289].

   Allowing read access to objects in this MIB module is generally not
   considered sensitive, as read access only provides information that a
   template exists.  This is due to the fact that the managed objects
   that actually instantiate the template are in the DIFFSERV-MIB
   [RFC3289].  However, in environments where the template description
   (diffServConfigDescr) or owner (diffServConfigOwner) is considered
   sensitive information, appropriate access control should be exercised
   for these objects.

   SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 did not include adequate security.
   Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec),
   there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to
   access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this
   MIB module.

   It is RECOMMENDED that implementers consider the security features as





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   provided by the SNMPv3 framework (see [RFC3410], section 8),
   including full support for the SNMPv3 cryptographic mechanisms (for
   authentication and privacy).

   Further, deployment of SNMP versions prior to SNMPv3 is NOT
   RECOMMENDED.  Instead, deployment of SNMPv3 with cryptographic
   security enabled is RECOMMENDED.  It is then a customer/operator
   responsibility to ensure that the SNMP entity giving access to an
   instance of this MIB module is properly configured to give access to
   the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate
   rights to GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.


9.  Acknowledgements

   The editors gratefully acknowledge the significant contributions to
   this work made by several members of both the SNMPCONF and DiffServ
   working groups.


10.  Editors' Addresses

   Harrie Hazewinkel
   I.Net
   v. Darwin, 85
   20019 - Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy
   EMail: harrie@inet.it

   David Partain
   Ericsson AB
   P.O. Box 1248
   SE-581 12 Linkoping
   Sweden
   EMail:  David.Partain@ericsson.com


11.  Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2003).  All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are





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   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE."


12.  Intellectual Property

   The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
   intellectual property or other rights that might be claimed to
   pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
   this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
   might or might not be available;  neither does it represent that it
   has made any effort to identify any such rights.  Information on the
   IETF's procedures with respect to rights in standards-track and
   standards-related documentation can be found in BCP-11.  Copies of
   claims of rights made available for publication and any assurances of
   licenses to be made available, or the result of an attempt made to
   obtain a general license or permission for the use of such
   proprietary rights by implementors or users of this specification can
   be obtained from the IETF Secretariat.

   The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
   copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
   rights which may cover technology that may be required to practice
   this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF Executive
   Director.









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13.  Informative References

   [RFC3410] Case, J., Mundy, R., Partain, D. and B. Stewart,
             "Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet-
             Standard Management Framework", RFC 3410, December 2002.

   [RFC2474] Nichols, K., Blake, S., Baker, F., and D. Black,
             "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field
             (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474,
             December 1998.

   [RFC2475] Blake, S., Black, D., Carlson, M., Davies, E.,
             Wang, Z., and W. Weiss, "An Architecture for
             Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, December 1998.

   [RFC3512] MacFaden M., Partain D., Saperia J., and W. Tackabury,
             "Configuring Networks and Devices with Simple Network
             Management Protocol (SNMP)," RFC 3512, April 2003.

   [PMMIBDR] Waldbusser, S., J. Saperia, and T. Hongal,
             "Policy-based Management MIB",
             draft-ietf-snmpconf-pm-13.txt, Work in Progress,
             March 2003.



























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14.  Normative References

   [RFC2578] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management
             Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April
             1999.

   [RFC2579] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for
             SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.

   [RFC2580] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J.,
             Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for
             SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.

   [RFC3289] Baker, F., K. Chan, and A. Smith, "Management
             Information Base for the Differentiated Services
             Architecture", RFC 3289, May 2002.

   [RFC3411] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R. and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture
             for Describing Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
             Management Frameworks", STD 62, RFC 3411, December 2002.




























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